CN113615648A - Breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees Download PDFInfo
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- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 379
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 241000256843 Apis mellifera ligustica Species 0.000 claims description 73
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009405 line breeding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 description 4
- 229940109850 royal jelly Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000241413 Propolis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940069949 propolis Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000256846 Apis cerana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009392 Vitis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020378 longan juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015193 tomato juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees, belonging to the technical field of bee crossbreeding. The method selects Italian bees, Chinese bees, Caniella bees and Indian bees as parents, and obtains a hybrid bee species with high yield, good disease resistance, cold resistance and stable characters by a specific secondary hybridization mode and a scientific breeding mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bee crossbreeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees.
Background
The bee-keeping industry plays an important role in modern agricultural systems. With the rapid development of socioeconomic, the demand of people for bee products is also increasing. Further development of the bee-keeping industry is required, and the key technology for the development of the bee-keeping industry lies in the breeding of new varieties of bees. Italian bees are native to Italian Asian peninsula, are products of Mediterranean climate, and are characterized by large flower picking range, high honey yield, large production of pollen, royal jelly and propolis, but not strong enough disease resistance and relatively low honey quality. The Chinese bee is a subspecies of the eastern bee, is a unique bee variety in China, and is characterized by strong immunity, good honey production quality, small flower picking range, low honey yield, and small production of pollen, royal jelly and propolis.
The hybridization of the existing bee varieties is the main research direction of the existing bee breeding technology. Hybrid varieties often exhibit greater heterosis than their parents. The crossing of the Italian bee and the Chinese bee is an important research idea.
In the prior art, a Chinese granted patent CN103960202B provides a method for breeding hybrid queen bees, which comprises hatching eggs laid by Italian queen bees into larvae, transplanting the larvae onto a queen bee platform, and breeding the larvae in a Chinese bee hive to enable the Italian bee larvae to intervene in the components of the Chinese bees; meanwhile, eggs laid by the Chinese bees are hatched into larvae and transplanted to a queen bee platform, and then the larvae are put into an Italian beehive to enter the Chinese bees for breeding, so that the Chinese bees are involved in the Italian bee components; finally, culturing Italian bee larvae in the Chinese bee hive into Italian bee female queen; culturing the Chinese bee larva in Italian beehive into male Chinese bee, mating and ovipositing the male Chinese bee larva and the male Chinese bee larva, and incubating for 20 days to culture hybrid bee.
For another example, the chinese patent application CN106172250A provides a breeding method of bees, which selects excellent chinese bee in north China, italian bee and black bee in northeast China as the parent and breeds stable and excellent bee species respectively; and feeding with feed a prepared from Mel, white sugar, fructus Citri Junoris juice, tomato juice, arillus longan juice, succus Vitis Viniferae, citric acid, edible salt, and water, and feed b prepared from natural pollen, defatted soybean powder, white sugar and appropriate amount of water.
However, none of the above-mentioned sealed breeding methods can obtain bees that are both high in yield, strong in disease resistance, and cold resistant.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees, which is realized by the following technology.
A breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs produced by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beewax of Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and placing the queen bee queen in the Chinese bee beehive for breeding;
hatching the eggs of the Chinese bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Chinese bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Italian bee beehive for breeding;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Canila bees in a beehive for 3 days to form Canila larva, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Canila larva to the queen bee platform, and placing the queen bee platform into the Indian bee beehive for breeding;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of the Canniella bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee queen into the Canniella bee hive for cultivation;
s2, breeding Italian bee larvae in the Chinese bee hive into Italian bee queens, breeding Chinese bee larvae in the Italian bee hive into male Chinese bee bees, breeding Carnie Orela bee larvae in the Indian bee hive into Carnie Orela bee queens, and breeding Indian bee larvae in the Carnie Orela bee hive into Indian male bees;
s3, mating the Italian bee queen with the Chinese bee male, laying eggs (generally after 5-7 d), and hatching bee eggs to breed a first hybrid bee; mating and ovipositing the queen bee of the Carniella bee and the male bee of the Indian bee, and incubating bee eggs to breed a second hybrid bee;
s4, placing the first hybrid bee and the second hybrid bee obtained in the step S3 into beehives of the same specification respectively and independently breeding for one year, taking the queen of the first hybrid bee and the drone of the second hybrid bee, mating and laying eggs, and incubating bee eggs (the general incubation time is 10-18d) to breed the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees.
Before bee colony cultivation, the beehive needs to be sterilized and mite-removed, and the conventional sterilization and mite-removal mode in the industry can be selected, for example, the beehive is sprayed with a mite-removal agent diluted by water, and the same mite-removal agent is sprayed to the outside of the peak after 3-5 months.
By adopting the breeding method, the finally obtained brand new hybrid bee variety has the excellent characteristics of Chinese bees, Italian bees, Carniella bees and Indian bees, has more stable genetic characteristics, can fully exert the hybrid advantages and realizes the high yield, disease resistance and cold resistance of the hybrid bee colony.
Preferably, in step S1, the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is maintained at 30-33 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-92%.
Preferably, in step S1, the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is maintained at 32-35 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-85%.
Preferably, in step S1, the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is maintained at 32-35 deg.C and the relative humidity is 85-90%.
Preferably, in step S1, the temperature of the spleen in the Carneana bee hive is maintained at 28-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-80%.
The temperature control of the neutron spleen in the beehive is an important factor influencing the hatching of the ova and the growth of the imagoes of various bee colonies, and researches show that the larvae and the pupae can grow better and have stable heredity only by adopting the four different temperature and humidity control modes aiming at the four bees of the invention,
preferably, the Italian bees, the Chinese bees, the Carneae Oeland bees and the Indian bees are all selected from bee species which are bred in pure lines by respective corresponding excellent bee colonies.
Preferably, the breeding time of the Italian bee larva, the Chinese bee larva, the Caniella bee larva and the Indian bee larva in the step S1 is 9-12 d.
Preferably, in step S3, Italian bee queen, Chinese bee drone, Carniella bee queen, and Indian bee drone mate 6-8 days after birth.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the breeding method provided by the invention is safe and reliable, and the four bees are selected according to a specific hybridization mode to scientifically breed the hybrid bee species with high yield, good disease resistance, cold resistance and stable characters.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the breeding method of the high-yield disease-resistant and cold-resistant bees provided by the following embodiment and comparative example, the beehive is respectively subjected to mite removal and sterilization before cultivation, and the specific mode is as follows: the acaricide is purchased and diluted by adding water according to the ratio of 1:2000, the diluted acaricide is uniformly sprayed in a beehive before breeding bees, and the diluted acaricide is sprayed outside and at the bottom of the beehive after 2-3 months.
Example 1
The breeding method of the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs laid by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beewax of Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee queen in the Chinese bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is kept at 31 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85%;
hatching the eggs of the Chinese bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Chinese bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Italian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is maintained at 33 ℃, and the relative humidity is 78%;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Canila bees in a beehive for 3 days to form Canila larva, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Canila larva to the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee platform into the Indian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is maintained at 34 ℃ and the relative humidity is 89%;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of the Canniella bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larvae into the Canniella bee hive for cultivation for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Canila bee hive is kept at 29 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80 percent;
the Italian bees, the Chinese bees, the Caniella bees and the Indian bees are all selected from bee species which are bred in pure lines by respective corresponding excellent bee colonies;
s2, breeding Italian bee larvae in the Chinese bee hive into Italian bee queens, breeding Chinese bee larvae in the Italian bee hive into male Chinese bee bees, breeding Carnie Orela bee larvae in the Indian bee hive into Carnie Orela bee queens, and breeding Indian bee larvae in the Carnie Orela bee hive into Indian male bees;
s3, mating the Italian bee queen and the Chinese bee drone after about 8 days of respective emergence, laying eggs after about 4-5 days, and hatching bee eggs to breed first hybrid bees; mating the queen bees of the Carneana bees and the male bees of the Indian bees after about 8 days of respective emergence, laying eggs after about 4-5 days, and hatching and culturing bee eggs to obtain second hybrid bees;
s4, placing the first hybrid bee and the second hybrid bee obtained in the step S3 into beehives of the same specification respectively and independently breeding for one year, taking the queen of the first hybrid bee and the male bee of the second hybrid bee, mating with each other, laying eggs in about 4-5 days, and incubating the bee eggs in about 20 days to breed the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees.
Example 2
The breeding method of the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs laid by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beewax of Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee queen in the Chinese bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is maintained at 33 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80%;
hatching the eggs of the Chinese bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Chinese bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Italian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is kept at 32 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85%;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Canila bees in a beehive for 3 days to form Canila larva, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Canila larva to the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee platform into the Indian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is kept at 35 ℃ and the relative humidity is 90 percent;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of the Canniella bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larvae into the Canniella bee hive for cultivation for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Canila bee hive is kept at 28 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75 percent;
the Italian bees, the Chinese bees, the Caniella bees and the Indian bees are all selected from the bee species which are bred by pure lines of the same corresponding excellent bee colonies as the example 1;
steps S2-S4 are the same as step S1 of example 1.
Example 3
The breeding method of the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs laid by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beewax of Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee queen in the Chinese bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is kept at 30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 92%;
hatching the eggs of the Chinese bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Chinese bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Italian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is kept at 35 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75%;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Canila bees in a beehive for 3 days to form Canila larva, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Canila larva to the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee platform into the Indian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is kept at 32 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85%;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of the Canniella bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larvae into the Canniella bee hive for cultivation for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Canila bee hive is kept at 30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80 percent;
the Italian bees, the Chinese bees, the Caniella bees and the Indian bees are all selected from the bee species which are bred by pure lines of the same corresponding excellent bee colonies as the example 1;
steps S2-S4 are the same as step S1 of example 1.
Comparative example 1
The breeding method of the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant honeybees provided by the comparative example adjusts the hybridization mode of four bee species, and comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs laid by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beewax of Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee queen in the Chinese bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is kept at 31 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85%;
hatching the eggs of the Chinese bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Chinese bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Italian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is maintained at 33 ℃, and the relative humidity is 78%;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Canila bees in a beehive for 3 days to form Canila larva, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Canila larva to the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee platform into the Indian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is maintained at 34 ℃ and the relative humidity is 89%;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of the Canniella bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larvae into the Canniella bee hive for cultivation for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Canila bee hive is kept at 29 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80 percent;
the Italian bees, the Chinese bees, the Caniella bees and the Indian bees are all selected from bee species which are bred in pure lines by respective corresponding excellent bee colonies;
s2, breeding Italian bee larvae in the Chinese bee hive into Italian bee male peaks, breeding Chinese bee larvae in the Italian bee hive into Chinese bee queens, breeding Carniella bee larvae in the Indian bee hive into Carniella bee male peaks, and breeding Indian bee larvae in the Carniella bee hive into Indian bee queens;
s3, mating the male peak of Italian bees and the queen of Chinese bees after about 8 days of respective emergence, laying eggs after about 4-5 days, and hatching bee eggs to breed first hybrid bees; mating male peaks of the honeybees at Carniella and queen bees at India about 8 days after the queen bees emerge, laying eggs at about 4-5 days, and hatching and culturing bee eggs to obtain second hybrid honeybees;
s4, placing the first hybrid bee and the second hybrid bee obtained in the step S3 into beehives of the same specification respectively and independently breeding for one year, taking the queen of the first hybrid bee and the male bee of the second hybrid bee, mating with each other, laying eggs in about 4-5 days, and incubating the bee eggs in about 20 days to breed the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees.
Comparative example 2
The breeding method of the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant honeybees provided by the comparative example adjusts the hybridization mode of four bee species, and comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs laid by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of the Carniella bee, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee queen in the Carniella bee hive for breeding for 10 d; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Canila bee hive is kept at 29 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80 percent;
hatching the bee eggs produced by the Chinese bee queens into Chinese bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Indian bee beehive for cultivation for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is maintained at 34 ℃ and the relative humidity is 89%;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Carneala bees into larvae of the Carneala bees in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched larvae of the Carneala bees to the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee platform into the Italian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is maintained at 33 ℃, and the relative humidity is 78%;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beewax of Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee into the Chinese bee hive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is kept at 31 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85%;
the Italian bees, the Chinese bees, the Caniella bees and the Indian bees are all selected from bee species which are bred in pure lines by respective corresponding excellent bee colonies;
s2, breeding Italian bee larvae in the Carniella bee hive into Italian bee male peaks, breeding Chinese bee larvae in the Indian bee hive into Chinese bee queens, breeding the Carniella bee larvae in the Italian bee hive into Carniella bee male peaks, and breeding the Indian bee larvae in the Chinese bee hive into Indian bee queens;
s3, mating the male peak of Italian bee and the queen bee of Carneala bee after about 8 days of emergence, laying eggs after about 4-5 days, and hatching and culturing bee eggs to obtain first hybrid bees; mating the male peak of the Chinese honeybee and the queen bee of the Indian honeybee after about 8 days of respective emergence, laying eggs after about 4-5 days, and incubating bee eggs to breed a second hybrid honeybee;
s4, placing the first hybrid bee and the second hybrid bee obtained in the step S3 into beehives of the same specification respectively and independently breeding for one year, taking the queen of the first hybrid bee and the male bee of the second hybrid bee, mating with each other, laying eggs in about 4-5 days, and incubating the bee eggs in about 20 days to breed the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees.
Comparative example 3
The breeding method of the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees provided by the comparative example also adjusts the hybridization mode of four bee species, and comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs laid by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and placing the queen bee larvae into the Indian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is maintained at 34 ℃ and the relative humidity is 89%;
hatching the eggs of the Chinese bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Chinese bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of the Kanie Era bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larvae into the Kanie Era bee beehive for cultivation for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Canila bee hive is kept at 29 ℃ and the relative humidity is 78 percent;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Cani-Ordora bees into Cani-Ordora larva in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of the Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Cani-Ordora larva to the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Chinese bee beehive for cultivation for 10 days; the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is kept at 31 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85%;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by utilizing the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larvae into the Italian bee beehive for breeding for 10 days; the temperature of a neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is maintained at 33 ℃, and the relative humidity is 78%;
the Italian bees, the Chinese bees, the Caniella bees and the Indian bees are all selected from bee species which are bred in pure lines by respective corresponding excellent bee colonies;
s2, cultivating the larva of the Carniella bee in the Chinese bee hive into a Carniella queen bee, cultivating the Indian bee larva in the Italian bee hive into an Indian bee drone, cultivating the Italian bee larva in the Indian bee hive into an Italian bee queen bee, and cultivating the Chinese bee larva in the Carniella bee hive into a Chinese bee drone;
s3, mating the Italian bee queen and the Indian bee drone after about 8 days of respective emergence, laying eggs after about 4-5 days, and hatching and breeding the bee eggs to obtain first hybrid bees; mating the queen bees of the Carneau bee and the drone bees of the Chinese bee after about 8 days of respective emergence, laying eggs after about 4-5 days, and hatching and culturing bee eggs to obtain second hybrid bees;
s4, placing the first hybrid bee and the second hybrid bee obtained in the step S3 into beehives of the same specification respectively and independently breeding for one year, taking the queen of the first hybrid bee and the male bee of the second hybrid bee, mating with each other, laying eggs in about 4-5 days, and incubating the bee eggs in about 20 days to breed the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees.
Application example:
in a certain bee breeding farm in the central China, the bee species obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 of the invention are respectively put into beehives of the same specification for breeding, after breeding for one year, the obtained bees and honey products are compared with the honey obtained by a common breeding method, and the yield and quality of the honey, and the acquisition capacity, cold resistance and disease resistance of the bees are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 test of acquisition ability, Cold resistance and disease resistance of hybrid bee species
As can be seen from the above table, when the four bee species were hybridized in the manner of comparative examples 1 to 3, the incidence of the hybrid bee species obtained was increased to some extent, the low temperature resistance was also decreased, and the yield and quality of honey and royal jelly were also decreased. The hybrid bee species obtained by the final breeding conditions of examples 2 and 3 are inferior to those of example 1 in terms of morbidity, low temperature resistance, annual honey yield and annual royal jelly yield. The hybrid bee species obtained by the hybrid breeding using the method of example 1 is the best in collection ability, cold resistance and disease resistance.
Claims (8)
1. A breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, hatching the eggs produced by the Italian bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Italian bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beewax of Chinese bees, transplanting the hatched Italian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and placing the queen bee queen in the Chinese bee beehive for breeding;
hatching the eggs of the Chinese bee queen in a beehive for 3 days to form Chinese bee larvae, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beewax of Italian bees, transplanting the hatched Chinese bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Italian bee beehive for breeding;
hatching the eggs produced by the queen of the Canila bees in a beehive for 3 days to form Canila larva, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using the beeswax of Indian bees, transplanting the hatched Canila larva to the queen bee platform, and placing the queen bee platform into the Indian bee beehive for breeding;
hatching the eggs produced by the Indian bee queens into Indian bee larvae in a beehive for 3 days, manufacturing a queen bee platform by using beeswax of the Canniella bees, transplanting the hatched Indian bee larvae onto the queen bee platform, and putting the queen bee larva into the Canniella bee beehive for cultivation;
s2, breeding Italian bee larvae in the Chinese bee hive into Italian bee queens, breeding Chinese bee larvae in the Italian bee hive into male Chinese bee bees, breeding Carnie Orela bee larvae in the Indian bee hive into Carnie Orela bee queens, and breeding Indian bee larvae in the Carnie Orela bee hive into Indian male bees;
s3, mating and ovipositing the Italian bee queen and the Chinese bee drone, and incubating bee eggs to breed a first hybrid bee; mating and ovipositing the queen bee of the Carniella bee and the male bee of the Indian bee, and incubating bee eggs to breed a second hybrid bee;
and S4, respectively placing the first hybrid bee and the second hybrid bee obtained in the step S3 into beehives of the same specification to independently feed for one year, taking the queen of the first hybrid bee and the drone of the second hybrid bee, mating and laying eggs, and hatching the bee eggs to culture the high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees.
2. The breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Chinese bee hive is maintained at 30-33 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-92%.
3. The breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Italian bee hive is maintained at 32-35 ℃ and the relative humidity is maintained at 75-85%.
4. The breeding method of high-yield, disease-resistant and cold-resistant bees according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the temperature of the neutron spleen in the Indian bee hive is maintained at 32-35 ℃ and the relative humidity is 85-90%.
5. The breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the temperature of the spleen in the Carneana bee hive is maintained at 28-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is maintained at 75-80%.
6. The breeding method of high-yield, disease-resistant and cold-resistant bees according to claim 1, wherein the Italian bees, Chinese bees, Carneana bees and Indian bees are selected from the pure-line breeding of the respective excellent bee colonies.
7. The breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant and cold-resistant bees according to claim 1, wherein the breeding time of the Italian bee larvae, Chinese bee larvae, Carneala bee larvae and Indian bee larvae is 9-12d in step S1.
8. The breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, Italian bee queen, Chinese bee drone, Carneala bee queen and Indian bee drone mate after 6-8 days of birth.
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