CN113080149B - Breeding and breeding method of high-yield bee with royal jelly and high-yield honey - Google Patents
Breeding and breeding method of high-yield bee with royal jelly and high-yield honey Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229940109850 royal jelly Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 337
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000256846 Apis cerana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000132069 Carica monoica Species 0.000 claims description 52
- 235000014649 Carica monoica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000256843 Apis mellifera ligustica Species 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of bees for high-yield royal jelly and high-yield honey, which comprises the following steps: s1, breeding the king: putting the queen bee breeding frame into a queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Kani E Lafeng larvae into each queen bee platform, coating the bee breeding frame with the bee honey produced by the bee colony, and putting back the queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame into the apis mellifera colony for lactation, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis cerana E Lafeng colony again, and culturing for 5-6 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bee in 7-8 days; s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bees in the S1 as female parents for 5-7 days, and mating the virgin queen bees with the Italian bees as male parents to lay eggs; s3, hatching: hatching for 10-15 days after spawning; s4, breeding; and S5, overwintering management. The breeding method is simple, and the yield and the quality of the bee products of the bee colony are improved, and meanwhile, the economic income and the bee keeping enthusiasm of beekeepers are also greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee breeding, in particular to a breeding method of high-yield royal jelly and high-yield honey bees.
Background
The bee uses nectar and pollen as food, and uses honey, royal jelly, bee glue and bee wax as raw material. These bee products are useful in medical, nutritional, cosmetic, industrial applications, and the like. As a big bee-keeping country, the quantity of swarms and the output of bee products in China are the first in the world, wherein the Carni E Lafeng is an excellent breed introduced in China for bee-keeping production, and the advantages of biological properties and production performance are as follows: the sexual condition is warm and domesticated, the adaptability is strong, the honey yield is high, and the cold resistance is high. However, the current card bees are in close-relative breeding and mixed breeding for a long time, which brings the degeneration of the card bees in a larger range and the decline of bee colonies, the loss of excellent characters is serious, the economic characters of the card bees are not as good as those of pure species to a great extent, and some bee-keeping bee colonies even lose the production application value. The kani E Lafeng has strong honey production capacity, and under the condition of the same group vigor, the honey production capacity is 20% -30% higher than that of Italian bees, so that the kani E Lafeng is an ideal bee species for producing honey, but the pulp production capacity is relatively weak.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
A breeding method for bees with high royal jelly yield and honey yield comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, after the Carni E Lafeng worker bees clean all queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee platforms with royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Carni E Lafeng larvae into all queen bee platforms, coating Italian honey produced by the bee colony on the queen bee breeding frame, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 8-10h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into the apis mellifera colony for lactation for 16-18h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and culturing for 5-6 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bee in 7-8 days;
wherein, the cultivation method of the larva of the Carni E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and culturing the larvae of the Carchard to obtain the drone of the Carchard by taking the male bee of the Carchard E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the queen bee of Austria Carchard E Lafeng introduced as a female parent; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into female queens of the carica bees by taking the imported carica E Lafeng queens from domestic Jilin as female parents and the imported austria carica E Lafeng male bees as male parents; naturally mating the female carica queen with the male carica to lay eggs and hatch, thus obtaining the larva Carni E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bee in the S1 as a female parent for 5-7 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 10-15 days of incubation after spawning, the bees with high honey yield and strong cold resistance can be obtained;
wherein, the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in the greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%;
s4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive plant, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within 5 kilometers of the beehive plant, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 1-2 times every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30-35ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 25-35g of pollen balls in each beehive every day.
Preferably, the queen cell made of beeswax from the canola E Lafeng bee colony in S1 has a bowl mouth diameter of 0.8 cm and a height of 1 cm.
Preferably, the drone of the S2 apis mellifera is selected from the drone of domestic wuhan local apis mellifera colony.
Preferably, in the step S1, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 50-65%.
Preferably, in the S2 and S3 steps, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-75%.
Preferably, the beehive is made of pine.
Preferably, the number of queen bee stands on the queen bee breeding frame is 10-12.
Preferably, the queen-breeding kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 is selected from domestic kani E Lafeng bee colony in wuhan local.
The advantages of the invention are as follows:
(1) After the larvae are transplanted, the larvae in the queen bee platform are not easy to be identified in a short time, so the apis mellifera cannot immediately consider the larvae to be the apis cerana queen breeding platform, and the apis cerana queen nursing platform is active and utilizes the nature of the apis cerana queen breeding platform in the initial stage; in addition, the card bee colony is generally not as strong as the apis mellifera, and the best choice for breeding the queen is in the strong colony, so that the nursed virgin queen is stronger.
(2) Taking Jilin as a region with the best breeding and maintaining characters of domestic apis cerana, taking a male carina E Lafeng introduced by the domestic Jilin as a male parent and taking an Austria carina E Lafeng queen bee as a female parent for hybridization culture of apis cerana larvae, and incubating and culturing the apis cerana larvae into apis cerana drone; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into female queens of the carica bees by taking the imported carica E Lafeng queens from domestic Jilin as female parents and the imported austria carica E Lafeng male bees as male parents; and naturally mating the female queen of the carica bee with the male carica bee to lay eggs and hatch to obtain the larva of the Carni E Lafeng. The larva of the Kani E Lafeng can better recover the original characteristics of strong adaptability, high honey yield and cold resistance of the Kawasps. The larvae of the apis cerana bred by the introduced hybridization of the acac bees and the Jilin aca bees are hybridized again, so that the excellent properties of the male parent and the female parent can be preserved to a large extent, the breeding properties of the Jilin aca bees can be maintained, and the original properties of the acac bees can be intervened, so that the self-vigor properties of the virgin queen bees are guaranteed, and the preservation of the high-yield honey strong cold-resistant properties is guaranteed. Mating with the drone of the Italian bee as a male parent, and preserving the characters of the high-yield royal jelly of the Italian bee to a certain degree.
(3) The steps of queen bee breeding, mating and hatching are all carried out in a greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%, so that the influence of directly changing the temperature and the humidity of the beehive on the breeding process is greatly reduced. The existing operation is to directly change the temperature and the humidity of the beehive, which can generate larger stress to queen bees and fertilized eggs in the processes of queen bee breeding and hatching and is not beneficial to the stability of breeding; by keeping the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 50-75% in the greenhouse, the stability of the temperature and the humidity in the beehive is ensured, the stress reaction of queen bees and fertilized eggs is reduced, and the stability of the breeding process is ensured. During egg hatching, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, because the temperature in the beehive is usually higher than the temperature of the external environment, the temperature in the beehive can be ensured to be stabilized at 32-35 ℃ suitable for hatching, and the healthy development of the worm eggs is further ensured.
(4) The cleaning work is carried out while mite removal is carried out, star anise and orange peel are placed in white spirit with the alcohol content of more than 60 degrees to be soaked for more than 7 days, the leaching solution 1:3 is mixed with water to be sprayed on the bee spleens, mite can be effectively killed, the mite incidence rate is reduced, and the healthy growth and breeding of bees are guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
< example 1>
A breeding method for bees with high royal jelly yield and honey yield comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, after the Carni E Lafeng worker bees clean all queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee platforms with royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Carni E Lafeng larvae into all queen bee platforms, coating Italian honey produced by the bee colony on the queen bee breeding frame, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 8h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into the apis mellifera colony for lactation for 16h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and breeding for 5 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bees after 7 days;
wherein, the method for breeding the larvae of the Kani E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and culturing the larvae of the Kawasps to obtain the drone of the Kawasps by taking the male bee of the Kanini E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the Queen of the Austria Kanini E Lafeng queen bee as a female parent; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into female queens of the carica bees by taking the imported carica E Lafeng queens from domestic Jilin as female parents and the imported austria carica E Lafeng male bees as male parents; naturally mating the female carica queen bee and the male carica queen bee for oviposition and hatching to obtain the larva of the carini E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bee in the S1 as a female parent for 5 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 10 days of incubation after spawning, the bees with high honey yield and strong cold resistance can be obtained;
wherein, the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in the greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 50%;
s4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive plant, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within the range of 5 kilometers of the beehive plant, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 2 times every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% per day in each beehive, and the nutrients are 35g of pollen balls per day in each beehive.
< example 2>
A breeding method for bees with high royal jelly yield and honey yield comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, after the Carni E Lafeng worker bees clean all queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee platforms with royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Carni E Lafeng larvae into all queen bee platforms, coating Italian honey produced by the bee colony on the queen bee breeding frame, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 10h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into a apis mellifera colony for breast-feeding for 18h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and breeding for 6 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bee on the 8 th day;
wherein, the method for breeding the larvae of the Kani E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and culturing the larvae of the Carchard to obtain the drone of the Carchard by taking the male bee of the Carchard E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the queen bee of Austria Carchard E Lafeng introduced as a female parent; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into female queens of the carica bees by taking the imported carica E Lafeng queens from domestic Jilin as female parents and the imported austria carica E Lafeng male bees as male parents; naturally mating the female carica queen with the male carica to lay eggs and hatch, thus obtaining the larva Carni E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the Virgo queen in the S1 as a female parent for 7 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 15 days of incubation after spawning, the honeybees with high honey yield and strong cold resistance can be obtained;
wherein, the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in a greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 28 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 75%;
s4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive factory, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within 5 kilometers of the beehive factory, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 1 time every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 25g of pollen balls in each beehive every day.
< example 3>
A breeding method for breeding bees with high royal jelly yield and honey yield comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng colony into queen bee platform, and fixing on the honeycomb frame of a beehive to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, after the Carni E Lafeng worker bees clean all queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee platforms with royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Carni E Lafeng larvae into all queen bee platforms, coating Italian honey produced by the bee colony on the queen bee breeding frame, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 8h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into the apis mellifera colony for lactation for 16h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and breeding for 5 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bees after 7 days;
wherein, the cultivation method of the larva of the Carni E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and culturing the larvae of the Carchard to obtain the drone of the Carchard by taking the male bee of the Carchard E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the queen bee of Austria Carchard E Lafeng introduced as a female parent; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into female queens of the carica bees by taking the imported carica E Lafeng queens from domestic Jilin as female parents and the imported austria carica E Lafeng male bees as male parents; naturally mating the female carica queen with the male carica to lay eggs and hatch, thus obtaining the larva Carni E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bee in the S1 as a female parent for 5 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 10 days of incubation after spawning, the bees with high honey yield and strong cold resistance can be obtained;
wherein, the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in the greenhouse, and in the step S1, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22 ℃ and the relative humidity is controlled at 50%. In the S2 and S3 steps, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 60%;
s4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive factory, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within 5 kilometers of the beehive factory, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 1 time every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collecting and royal jelly collecting operations are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 25g of pollen balls in each beehive every day.
The queen cell made of beeswax from the Kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 had a bowl mouth diameter of 0.8 cm and a height of 1 cm.
And S2, selecting drone of the Italian bee from drone of local Italian bee colony in Wuhan in China.
The beehive is made of pine.
The number of queen bee platforms on the queen bee rearing frame is 10.
The queen-breeding kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 is selected from domestic kani E Lafeng bee colony in Wuhan local.
< example 4>
A breeding method for bees with high royal jelly yield and honey yield comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into a queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony, brushing royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony on queen bee platforms after the Carny E Lafeng worker bees clean the queen bee platforms, respectively implanting Carny E Lafeng larvae into the queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee breeding frame with the apis mellifera honey produced by the apis cerana bee colony, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 10h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into the apis mellifera colony for lactation for 18h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and breeding for 6 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bees on the 8 th day;
wherein, the method for breeding the larvae of the Kani E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and culturing the larvae of the Carchard to obtain the drone of the Carchard by taking the male bee of the Carchard E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the queen bee of Austria Carchard E Lafeng introduced as a female parent; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into female queens of the carica bees by taking the imported carica E Lafeng queens from domestic Jilin as female parents and the imported austria carica E Lafeng male bees as male parents; naturally mating the female carica queen bee and the male carica queen bee for oviposition and hatching to obtain the larva of the carini E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the Virgo queen in the S1 as a female parent for 7 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 15 days of incubation after spawning, the honeybees with high honey yield and strong cold resistance can be obtained;
wherein, the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in the greenhouse, and in the step S1, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 26 ℃ and the relative humidity is controlled at 65%. In the steps S2 and S3, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 28 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 75%.
S4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive factory, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, the flower source of the beehive is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the beehive factory, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned 2 times each month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein 35ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% is fed into each beehive every day by the food, and 35g of pollen balls are fed into each beehive by the nutrients every day.
The queen cell made of beeswax from the Kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 had a bowl mouth diameter of 0.8 cm and a height of 1 cm.
And S2, selecting drone of the Italian bee from drone of local Italian bee colony in Wuhan in China.
The beehive is made of pine.
The number of queen bee platforms on the queen bee rearing frame is 12.
The queen-breeding kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 is selected from domestic kani E Lafeng bee colony in Wuhan local.
< example 5>
A breeding method for bees with high royal jelly yield and honey yield comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into a queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony, brushing royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony on queen bee platforms after the Carny E Lafeng worker bees clean the queen bee platforms, respectively implanting Carny E Lafeng larvae into the queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee breeding frame with the apis mellifera honey produced by the apis cerana bee colony, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 9h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into the apis mellifera colony for lactation for 17h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and breeding for 6 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bees on the 8 th day;
wherein, the cultivation method of the larva of the Carni E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and culturing the larvae of the Carchard to obtain the drone of the Carchard by taking the male bee of the Carchard E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the queen bee of Austria Carchard E Lafeng introduced as a female parent; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into female queens of the carica bees by taking the imported carica E Lafeng queens from domestic Jilin as female parents and the imported austria carica E Lafeng male bees as male parents; naturally mating the female carica queen with the male carica to lay eggs and hatch, thus obtaining the larva Carni E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the Virgo queen in S1 as female parent for 67 days, and mating with the drone of Italian bee as male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 13 days of incubation after spawning, the bees with high honey yield and strong cold resistance can be obtained;
wherein the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in the greenhouse, and in the step S1, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 24 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 60%. In the steps S2 and S3, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 26 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 68%.
S4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive plant, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within the range of 5 kilometers of the beehive plant, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 2 times every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 30g of pollen balls in each beehive every day.
The queen cell made of beeswax from the Kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 had a bowl mouth diameter of 0.8 cm and a height of 1 cm.
And S2, selecting drone of the Italian bee from drone of local Italian bee colony in Wuhan in China.
The beehive is made of pine.
The number of queen bee platforms on the queen bee cultivating frame is 11.
The queen-breeding kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 is selected from domestic kani E Lafeng bee colony in Wuhan local.
< comparative example 1>
A method for breeding bees comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, after the Carni E Lafeng worker bees clean all queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee platforms with royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Carni E Lafeng larvae into all queen bee platforms, coating Italian honey produced by the bee colony on the queen bee breeding frame, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 8h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into a apis mellifera colony for lactation for 16h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and breeding for 5 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bee on the 7 th day;
s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bee in the S1 as a female parent for 5 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 10 days of incubation, the hybrid bee can be obtained.
S4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive plant, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within the range of 5 kilometers of the beehive plant, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 2 times every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 30g of pollen balls in each beehive every day.
< comparative example 2>
A method for breeding bees comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen breeding frame into queen breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, after the Carni E Lafeng worker bee cleans all queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee platforms with royal jelly of the queen breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Carni E Lafeng larvae into all queen bee platforms, putting back breeding Wang Carni E Lafeng bee colony, and culturing for 5 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bee on the 7 th day;
wherein, the cultivation method of the larva of the Carni E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and culturing the larvae of the Carchard to obtain the drone of the Carchard by taking the male bee of the Carchard E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the queen bee of Austria Carchard E Lafeng introduced as a female parent; hatching and culturing the larvae of the cassiterite to obtain female queen bees of the cassiterite by taking the imported kani E Lafeng queen bee from Jilin in China as a female parent and the imported Austria kani E Lafeng drone as a male parent; naturally mating the female carica queen with the male carica to lay eggs and hatch, thus obtaining the larva Carni E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bee in the S1 as a female parent for 5 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: after 10 days of incubation after spawning, hybrid bees can be obtained;
s4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive plant, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within the range of 5 kilometers of the beehive plant, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 2 times every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 30g of pollen balls in each beehive every day.
< comparative example 3>
A method for breeding bees comprises the following steps:
s1, breeding the king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen breeding frame into queen breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, after the Carni E Lafeng worker bee cleans all queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee platforms with royal jelly of the queen breeding Carni E Lafeng bee colony, respectively implanting Carni E Lafeng larvae into all queen bee platforms, putting back breeding Wang Carni E Lafeng bee colony, and culturing for 5 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bee on the 7 th day;
s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bee in the S1 as a female parent for 5 days, and mating with the Italian bee drone as a male parent to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: hatching for 10 days after spawning to obtain hybrid bees;
and S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in the greenhouse, and in the S1, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 24 ℃ and the relative humidity is controlled at 60%. In the steps S2 and S3, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 26 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 68%.
S4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive plant, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, sufficient flower sources are provided within the range of 5 kilometers of the beehive plant, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned for 2 times every month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collecting and royal jelly collecting operations are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 30g of pollen balls in each beehive every day.
< Cold resistance test for Honey production >
In a certain bee breeding farm in Wuhan area, the bee seeds obtained in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3 of the invention are respectively put into beehives with the same specification for breeding, after one year of breeding, the obtained bees and honey products are compared with the local bombus and the Italian bees in Wuhan, and the test conditions of the honey yield and the low temperature resistance of the bees are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be observed from Table 1, the bees bred by the methods of examples 1 to 5 are significantly superior to the comparative examples 1 to 3 and the local Caragana warrior and the local Italian bees in terms of honey yield and low temperature resistance. The Wang Jiangliang of the bees bred by the methods of the embodiments 1 to 5 also obtains good property preservation, which is only slightly lower than Wang Jiangliang of the Wuhan local apis mellifera, but is obviously higher than Wang Jiangliang of the Wuhan local apis mellifera, so that the economic value of bee breeding is obviously improved. Comparative example 1 lacks the method of rearing the larvae of cany E Lafeng, comparative example 2 lacks the apis mellifera feeding carica queen stage, and comparative example 3 lacks neither the apis mellifera feeding carica queen stage step nor the apis mellifera feeding carica queen stage step, and the influence of each step on the traits of bee breeding can be clearly seen from the data comparison.
Meanwhile, the baume degree, the survival rate of overwintering worker bees and the incidence rate of mites of honey are compared, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
In conclusion, the hybrid obtained in the embodiments 1-5 of the present invention has stable genetic properties, and is significantly superior to local apis cerana and apis mellifera in terms of both the yield of bees and the quality of offspring. The later developed bee colony is superior to the existing local card bee and Italian bee colonies in the aspects of bee species honey yield, low temperature resistance and the like. The breeding method is simple, can solve the problems that the species properties of the traditional bee species are mixed, the close-relative breeding phenomenon is serious, and the genetic characters of the offspring after a plurality of generations can not keep the excellent characteristics of the original parent and the bee species are degenerated, greatly improves the economic income and the bee-keeping enthusiasm of bee farmers while improving the yield and the quality of bee products of bee colonies, and promotes the virtuous cycle of the development of the bee industry in China.
< sensory evaluation >
The total content of various sugars and water in the honey can reach more than 95 percent, so that the sweetness grading test can be carried out on the honey. Because flocculent undissolved substances can appear when the sugar content of the honey is more than 9 percent, the maximum concentration of the honey solution is set to be 9 percent according to the sugar content; according to the sensory evaluation of whether the concentrations have significant difference, the sugar content of the honey solution is set to four concentrations of 1%, 3%, 6% and 9%. After the concentration gradient is determined, rape honey pretreatment experiments are selected for sensory evaluation in the aspects of aroma, sweetness and comprehensive flavor, and the evaluation criteria are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Rape honey collected by example 5, comparative examples 1 to 3, bracon warrior and bracon warrior was evaluated one by 20 sensory evaluators in terms of aroma, sweetness and comprehensive flavor, and the results of the evaluation are summarized in table 4:
TABLE 4
From table 4, it can be observed that the honey obtained in this example 5 has a great ratio of excellent yields of aroma, sweetness and comprehensive flavor when the sugar content of the honey solution is 3% -6%; in comparative examples 1-3, and Wuhan local hornet and local Italian bee, the excellent rate can reach a larger rate when the sugar content of the honey solution is 9%. This indicates that the bees bred by the method of the present invention are not inferior to other bees in the overall sensory quality of honey.
The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and applications made by the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A breeding method for bees with high royal jelly yield and honey yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, breeding king: preparing beeswax of queen bee breeding Kani E Lafeng bee colony into a queen bee platform, and fixing the queen bee platform on a beehive frame to obtain a queen bee breeding frame; putting the queen bee breeding frame into a queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony, brushing royal jelly of the queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony on queen bee platforms after the Carny E Lafeng worker bees clean the queen bee platforms, respectively implanting Carny E Lafeng larvae into the queen bee platforms, coating the queen bee breeding frame with the apis mellifera honey produced by the apis cerana bee colony, and then putting back the queen bee breeding Carny E Lafeng bee colony; taking out the queen bee breeding frame after 8-10h, putting the queen bee breeding frame into the apis mellifera colony for lactation for 16-18h, taking out the queen bee breeding frame, putting the queen bee breeding frame back into the apis mellifera colony E Lafeng again, and culturing for 5-6 days to obtain mature Wang Tai; hatching out the virgin queen bees in 7-8 days;
wherein, the cultivation method of the larva of the Carni E Lafeng comprises the following steps: hatching and cultivating the larvae of the carica bees into the drone of the carica bees by taking the drone of the carica E Lafeng introduced from Jilin in China as a male parent and taking the queen bee of the introduced Oroca bees as a female parent; hatching and cultivating the larvae of the cassiterite to obtain female queen bees of the cassiterite by taking the imported kani E Lafeng queen bee from Jilin domestically as a female parent and taking the imported Okawasp drone as a male parent for hybridization; naturally mating the female carica queen with the male carica to lay eggs and hatch, thus obtaining the larva Carni E Lafeng;
s2, mating: feeding the virgin queen bees in the S1 as female parents for 5-7 days, and mating the virgin queen bees with the Italian bees as male parents to lay eggs;
s3, hatching: hatching for 10-15 days after spawning to obtain hybrid bees;
wherein, the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all carried out in the greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%;
s4, cultivation: after the hybrid bees in the S3 grow up, the hybrid bees are placed in a beehive and placed in a beehive factory, the beehive is protected from the wind and faces the sun, the flower source of the beehive is sufficient within 5 kilometers of the beehive factory, and the beehive and the periphery of the beehive are cleaned 1-2 times each month; removing mites while cleaning, soaking fructus Anisi Stellati and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in Chinese liquor of above 60% (v/v) for more than 7 days, and spraying the bee spleen with the leachate 1:3 mixed with water to obtain mist; during the honey producing period of the bees, regular honey collection and royal jelly collection are carried out;
s5, overwintering management: during the overwintering period, if the worker bees are still moving, adding food for feeding, and simultaneously feeding nutrients, wherein the food is 30-35ml of honey water with the mass concentration of 25% in each beehive every day, and the nutrients are 25-35g of pollen balls in each beehive every day;
s2, selecting drone of the Italian bee from drone of local Italian bee colony in Wuhan nationality; in the step S1, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 50-65%; s2 and S3, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-75%; the queen-breeding kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 is selected from domestic kani E Lafeng bee colony in Wuhan local.
2. The breeding method of bee with high yield of royal jelly and high honey yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the bowl mouth of queen bee platform made of beeswax of Kani E Lafeng bee colony in S1 is 0.8 cm, and the height is 1 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beehive is made of pine.
4. The breeding method of bee with high yield of royal jelly and honey according to claim 1, wherein the number of queen bee platforms on the queen bee raising frame is 10-12.
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