CN1883261A - Method for culturing cenospecies of apis cerana fabricius and apis mellifera linneae - Google Patents
Method for culturing cenospecies of apis cerana fabricius and apis mellifera linneae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding a novel bee species by breeding a hybrid of east bees and west bees, comprising introducing a west bee brood comb going to come out cells into a swarm of east bees preparing for laying eggs, to make the number of east worker bees equal to that of west worker bees, and obtaning a mixed swarm; the east queen bee laying eggs on empty combs, moving out the east queen bee to make the swarm without a queen, after the first generation east worker bees have got out cells; putting in a queen cell frame 20-22 hours later, breeding a queen with four-day old east bee grubs of same swarm to get a novel east queen bee; and hybridizing said queen as mother with west male bee as father by artificial insemination or natural copulation to obtain a hybrid thereof. The method breaks the reproductive isolation between two different species, and the hybrid obtained thereby has a remarkble heterosis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to honeybee rearing new variety technology, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of high yield, disease-resistant type honeybee new varieties.
Technical background
Apiculture occupies crucial status in System of Modern Agriculture.Bee-keeping does not account for the arable land, invests for a short time, and income is big, and is nuisanceless, and the no three wastes can also be improved the ecological environment.Along with society, rapid economic development, people to the demand of nutraceutical, health food and natural medicine in continuous growth, thereby the demand of bee product is also enlarged thereupon.One of key technology of development bee-keeping is the kind of honeybee.
Apis mellifera (Apis mellifera) is the honeybee kind of studying at most at present, and variation also is the most complicated in their kind, mainly contains apis mellifera Linnaeus, Ka Niela honeybee, European black honeybee, 4 subspecies types of Caucasia honeybee.Apis mellifera is built a nest in the general cave, the many spleens of lair, it can adapt to various climatic environment, from the cool temperate zone to the torrid zone, from wetland to half-dried nonirrigated farmland.For adapting to the different florescences, its reproduction rate constantly adjusts.China introduces apis mellifera from the twenties in 20th century, and the history in more than 80 year has been arranged so far.The apis mellifera of China's artificial feeding has more than 500 ten thousand groups at present.Because long-term domestication, apis mellifera has been lost and has originally survived in the open air to the resistance of natural world adverse environment, just suffering the harm of various damage by disease and insect, annual China all will drop into a large amount of material resources and manpower and control these damage by disease and insect, and is easy to cause the pollution of bee product in these processes.
Eastern bee (Apis cerana) is the autochthonal honeybee kind that extensively is distributed in most of Asia, generally is divided into India's honeybee subspecies, Japanese honeybee subspecies, Himalaya subspecies and middle honeybee subspecies, and these 4 subspecies all have distribution within the border except the external China of Japanese honeybee subspecies.Individual size, body colour variation, honey yield and the behaviors etc. of Eastern bee exist difference very greatly.At present, the Eastern bee major part of China and surrounding countries is still wild and half artificial feeding, the honeybee procreation is still carried out under nature, and the productive group gesture of Eastern bee is less, bee product output is lower, never produces as large-scale commercial bee-keeping and develops.
Hybrid often shows more powerful growth rate and metabolic function than its parents, thereby causes organ prosperity, build increase, output to improve, and perhaps shows the raising of premunition, viablity, fecundity, viability etc.Apis mellifera belongs to different living species with Eastern bee, under nature, can not hybridize, must get involved by people's technology, and this technology gets involved and must play main control action or decisive role, could realize the hybridization of apis mellifera and Eastern bee, but the bibliographical information of this technical scheme not so far.
Summary of the invention
The reproduction that the objective of the invention is to break between original two different plant species is isolated, a kind of method for culturing cenospecies of apis cerana fabricius and apis mellifera linneae is provided, cultivating high yield, disease-resistant type honeybee new varieties, thereby promote the exploitation of China's honeybee resource and the development of apiculture.
Breeding method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1. in preparing the Eastern bee bee colony that lays eggs, introduce the sub-spleen of apis mellifera that is about to out the room, allow Eastern bee worker bee individual number equate substantially with apis mellifera worker bee individual number, be more or less the same in 20%, thereby obtain preparing to be used to cultivate the mixing bee colony of novel Eastern bee queen bee.
2. the Eastern bee queen bee in the said mixing bee colony lays eggs on the empty spleen after apis mellifera children honeybee goes out the room subsequently, and after first generation Eastern bee worker bee went out the room, removing the Eastern bee queen bee, to make bee colony be no Wang Qun.Put into the royal cell frame after 20～22 hours, educate the king with the Eastern bee small grub in 4 day age of this group, cultivate novel Eastern bee queen bee, this queen bee can hybridize with the apis mellifera drone.
3. be the ♀ basis with said novel Eastern bee queen bee, the apis mellifera drone is the ♂ basis, hybridizes with artificial insemination method or natural mating method, can cultivate cenospecies of apis cerana fabricius and apis mellifera linneae.
The concrete subspecies of apis mellifera in the concrete subspecies of apis mellifera in the above-mentioned steps 1 and the above-mentioned steps 3, the two can be identical, also can be inequality.
The process that breeding method of the present invention is further optimized is:
When adopting artificial insemination method, the age in days of insemination queen bee and drone is selected: be respectively the queen bee of 5 ages in days and the drone of 7 ages in days.The queen bee insemination was anaesthetized 3 minutes with CO2 before 5 hours, and the dosage of seminal fluid injection is the sperm of 7 drones.In carrying out the artificial insemination operating process, artificial insemination instrument and workbench are carried out strict sterilization, guarantee health and cleaning.
At first choose seeds, the standard that kind is selected is: Eastern bee queen bee physique is strong, premunition is strong, egg laying amount is big, can keep strong group.Apis mellifera drone physique is strong, premunition is strong, sperm quantity is many.
Carrying out in the crossover process with artificial insemination method or natural mating method, all in the pairing of choosing seeds of core group and fundamental group, the offspring who is produced is analyzed: 1. the genomic DNA of in former Eastern bee or apis mellifera bee colony, purifying, according to the family storage of classifying.2. the individual little satellite of the offspring seat genotype that produces is carried out analytic record.3. to having the gene regions of appreciable impact further to select, select more intensive microsatellite marker, and do deep gene analysis with the production traits.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the reproduction that this method has been broken between original two different plant species is isolated, the Eastern bee queen bee can be hybridized with the apis mellifera drone, the hybrid vigour of gained crossbreed is remarkable, heritability is stable, obviously be better than former Eastern bee or apis mellifera queen bee aspect the offspring's of egg laying amount and generation the quality, the bee colony that grows up particularly is better than former Eastern bee or apis mellifera bee colony at aspects such as honey yield, food consumption and premunitions.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1.In year May in April, 2005 to 2006, the experiment group is with middle honeybee subspecies (middle honeybee) of Eastern bee and the Italian subspecies (Apis mellifera) of apis mellifera in Apis Cerana Research Institute of Yunan Agricultural University.Introduce sub-spleen 2 spleens of Apis mellifera that are about to out the room in the honeybee bee colony respectively separately in 10 groups that prepare to lay eggs, form and mix the group, each middle honeybee worker bee individual number and Apis mellifera worker bee individual number that mixes among the group is more or less the same in 20%.The middle honeybee queen bee that mixes in the bee colony lays eggs on the empty spleen after Apis mellifera children honeybee goes out the room subsequently, after the honeybee worker bee goes out the room in the first generation, in removing the honeybee queen bee to make bee colony be no Wang Qun, put into the royal cell frame after 21 hours, educate the king with honey honeybee small grub in 4 day age of this group, novel middle honeybee queen bee is cultivated in honeybee worker bee and the nurture of Apis mellifera worker bee in the middle honey honeybee small grub while quilt in queen bee breeding platform.With 5 novel in the honeybee queen bees be incorporated in the Apis mellifera bee colony with the Apis mellifera drone and carry out the nature mating when the nuptial flight; Other 5 novel middle honeybee queen bees carry out artificial insemination with the seminal fluid of Apis mellifera drone.When adopting artificial insemination method, select the novel middle honeybee queen bee of 5 ages in days and the Apis mellifera drone of 7 ages in days, and select the Apis mellifera drone that physique is strong, premunition is strong, sperm quantity is many.The queen bee insemination was anaesthetized 3 minutes with CO2 before 5 hours, and the dosage of seminal fluid injection is the sperm of 7 Apis mellifera drones.In carrying out the artificial insemination operating process, artificial insemination instrument and workbench are carried out strict sterilization, guarantee health and cleaning.Two kinds of hybridization of above-mentioned natural mating and artificial insemination are all achieved success: honeybee queen bee normal spawning all in bee colony separately in cultivation novel.The macroscopic features of gained crossbreed is obvious, and heritability is stable, aspect the offspring's of egg laying amount and generation quality, obviously be better than former in honeybee and Apis mellifera.The bee colony that grows up later on, aspects such as honey yield, food consumption and premunition be better than former in honeybee and Apis mellifera bee colony.
Embodiment 2.Year September in July, 2005 to 2005, the experiment group is with Eastern bee India honeybee subspecies (India honeybee) and apis mellifera Ka Niela honeybee (card honeybee) in Apis Cerana Research Institute of Yunan Agricultural University, in 8 groups of India honeybee bee colonies, introduce card honeybee spleen 2 spleens that are about to out the room respectively separately, form and mix the group.Cultivate 8 novel India honeybee queen bees by the inventive method.4 novel India honeybee queen bees are incorporated in the card honeybee bee colony and carry out the nature mating with card honeybee drone, and other 4 novel India honeybee queen bees carry out artificial insemination with the seminal fluid of card honeybee drone.Two kinds of hybridization of above-mentioned natural mating and artificial insemination are all achieved success: the novel India honeybee queen bee of cultivation normal spawning all in bee colony separately.The macroscopic features of gained crossbreed is obvious, and heritability is stable, obviously is being better than former India honeybee and card honeybee aspect the offspring's of egg laying amount and generation the quality.The bee colony that grows up later on is better than former India honeybee and card honeybee bee colony at aspects such as honey yield, food consumption and premunitions.
Embodiment 3.Year May in March, 2006 to 2006, the experiment group is with honeybee subspecies in the Eastern bee (middle honeybee) and apis mellifera European black honeybee in Apis Cerana Research Institute of Yunan Agricultural University, in 6 groups, introduce European black honeybee spleen 2 spleens that are about to out the room in the honeybee bee colony respectively separately, form and mix the group.Cultivate 6 novel middle honeybee queen bees by the inventive method.3 novel middle honeybee queen bees are incorporated in the European black honeybee bee colony and carry out the nature mating with European black honeybee drone, and other 3 novel middle honeybee queen bees carry out artificial insemination with the seminal fluid of Apis mellifera drone or European black honeybee.Two kinds of experiments are all achieved success.The middle honeybee queen bee of cultivating normal spawning all in bee colony separately.The macroscopic features of gained crossbreed is obvious, and heritability is stable, obviously is being better than former kind aspect the offspring's of egg laying amount and generation the quality.The bee colony that grows up later on is better than former kind at aspects such as honey yield, food consumption and premunitions.
Above embodiment is only for the invention will be further described, and scope of the present invention is not subjected to the limitation of illustrated embodiment.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method for culturing cenospecies of apis cerana fabricius and apis mellifera linneae is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) in preparing the Eastern bee bee colony that lays eggs, introduces the sub-spleen of apis mellifera that is about to out the room, allow Eastern bee worker bee individual number equate substantially with apis mellifera worker bee individual number, be more or less the same in 20%, thereby obtain preparing to be used to cultivate the mixing bee colony of novel Eastern bee queen bee;
(2) the Eastern bee queen bee in the said mixing bee colony lays eggs on the empty spleen after apis mellifera children honeybee goes out the room subsequently, after first generation Eastern bee worker bee goes out the room, removing the Eastern bee queen bee, to make bee colony be no Wang Qun, put into the royal cell frame after 20～22 hours, Eastern bee small grub in 4 day age with this group is educated the king, cultivate novel Eastern bee queen bee, this queen bee can hybridize with the apis mellifera drone;
(3) be the ♀ basis with said novel Eastern bee queen bee, the apis mellifera drone is the ♂ basis, hybridizes with artificial insemination method or natural mating method, can cultivate cenospecies of apis cerana fabricius and apis mellifera linneae.
2, as the said method for culturing cenospecies of claim 1, when it is characterized in that adopting artificial insemination method, the age in days of insemination queen bee and drone is selected: be respectively the queen bee of 5 ages in days and the drone of 7 ages in days, the queen bee insemination was used CO before 5 hours
2Anaesthetized 3 minutes, the dosage of seminal fluid injection is the sperm of 7 drones, in carrying out the artificial insemination operating process, artificial insemination instrument and workbench is carried out strict sterilization, guarantees health and cleaning.
3, as the said method for culturing cenospecies of claim 1, it is characterized in that at first choosing seeds, the standard that kind is selected is: Eastern bee queen bee physique is strong, premunition is strong, egg laying amount is big, can keep strong group, and apis mellifera drone physique is strong, premunition is strong, sperm quantity is many.
4, as the said method for culturing cenospecies of claim 1, it is characterized in that carrying out in the crossover process with artificial insemination method or natural mating method, all, the offspring who is produced is analyzed in the pairing of choosing seeds of core group and fundamental group:
(1) genomic DNA of purifying in former Eastern bee or apis mellifera bee colony is according to the family storage of classifying;
(2) the individual little satellite of the offspring seat genotype that produces is carried out analytic record;
(3) to having the gene regions of appreciable impact further to select, select more intensive microsatellite marker, and do deep gene analysis with the production traits.
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| CN103931567A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-23 | 湖南蜜蜂哥哥蜂业有限公司 | Elite breeding method for apis cerana in southern area of China |
| CN103960202A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-06 | 陈荣达 | Method for breeding hybrid queen bee |
| CN105494264A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 甘肃省蜂业技术推广总站 | Breeding method for good bee species for facility crop pollination |
| CN105875509A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆花寨蜜蜂养殖专业合作社 | Breeding technology Chinese honeybee fine varieties |
| CN106818641A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-13 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | The method that Eastern bee wild stocks quantity is assessed using drone accumulation regions |
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| CN103931567A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-23 | 湖南蜜蜂哥哥蜂业有限公司 | Elite breeding method for apis cerana in southern area of China |
| CN103960202A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-06 | 陈荣达 | Method for breeding hybrid queen bee |
| CN103960202B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2016-04-27 | 陈荣达 | Hybridization queen breeding method |
| CN105875509A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆花寨蜜蜂养殖专业合作社 | Breeding technology Chinese honeybee fine varieties |
| CN105494264A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 甘肃省蜂业技术推广总站 | Breeding method for good bee species for facility crop pollination |
| CN105494264B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-03-30 | 甘肃省蜂业技术推广总站 | A kind of selection of excellent honeybee kind for protected crop pollination |
| CN106818641B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2019-12-20 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Method for evaluating quantity of wild populations of oriental bees by utilizing drone aggregation areas |
| CN106818641A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-13 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | The method that Eastern bee wild stocks quantity is assessed using drone accumulation regions |
| CN107047486A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 江西农业大学 | Establishment, mixing royal jelly and its production method of the double king's mixing groups of two honeybee kinds |
| CN107041340A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-15 | 武汉市华明达蜂业有限公司 | A kind of mating system of the high anti-honeybee of high yield |
| CN110402897A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-05 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | A kind of method of bee queen bee in cultivation |
| CN110896928A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-24 | 四川农业大学 | Chinese bee queen bee breeding method |
| CN110896928B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-02-18 | 四川农业大学 | Chinese bee queen bee breeding method |
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| CN113615648A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-09 | 武汉市华明达蜂业有限公司 | Breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees |
| CN114885903A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-12 | 四川农业大学 | Method for cultivating queen bees, worker bees and male bees of Chinese bees |
| CN114885903B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-06-27 | 四川农业大学 | Method for cultivating queen bee, worker bee and drone |
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