CN110402897B - Method for cultivating Chinese bee queen - Google Patents

Method for cultivating Chinese bee queen Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110402897B
CN110402897B CN201910709817.9A CN201910709817A CN110402897B CN 110402897 B CN110402897 B CN 110402897B CN 201910709817 A CN201910709817 A CN 201910709817A CN 110402897 B CN110402897 B CN 110402897B
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queen
bee
bees
chinese
group
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CN110402897A (en
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李杰銮
王志
牛庆生
常志光
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Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
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Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K47/00Beehives
    • A01K47/02Construction or arrangement of frames for honeycombs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K47/00Beehives
    • A01K47/04Artificial honeycombs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding a Chinese bee queen, and relates to the technical field of bee breeding. The method utilizes the young bees of the Chinese and western bees to form a small nuclear colony, and the queen bee breeding platform or the virgin queen bee is sent into the small nuclear colony, so that the queen bee can lay eggs and melt insects in the small nuclear colony, the contradiction that the success rate of the queen bee breeding by the Chinese bee adopting a large colony is low and the productivity of the original colony is weakened is effectively solved, the difficult problem that the queen bee escapes from the colony after laying eggs is also solved, and the number of the queen bee bred is further increased.

Description

Method for cultivating Chinese bee queen
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee breeding, in particular to a method for breeding a Chinese bee queen bee.
Background
Chinese honeybee (referred to as Chinese Apis cerana cerana Fabricius) is a special wild species in China and lives on the earth in China for thousands of years. The Chinese bee breeding is a traditional special breeding industry, can not only develop rich ways for people and provide rich bee products for society, but also can promote the yield increase, income increase, quality improvement and efficiency increase of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry by utilizing pollination of the Chinese bee breeding, is an important role in the natural ecological system of China, and is a career beneficial to the nation and the people and beneficial to the whole society.
Chinese bees are the species of native bees in China, but the breeding technology lags behind western bees (called West bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus for short), especially in the breeding technology of queen bees. There are many large-scale western bee queen raising farms in China, and the queen bee is sold to obtain higher benefit. However, because the Chinese bees have no son spleens and are easy to escape from colonies, the Chinese bees are difficult to breed queens in large quantities compared with western bees, and the Chinese bee breeding field is not large in China, so that the Chinese bees are standardized and industrialized to take the advantages of the Chinese bees into consideration, a new breakthrough must be made in the Chinese bee breeding technology, and otherwise the development of the Chinese bee industry is hindered. Therefore, providing a method for breeding the Chinese bee queen is very important.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating a Chinese bee queen. The method utilizes a small amount of young bees of the Chinese and western bees to form a small nuclear colony, and the queen bee breeding platform or the virgin queen bee is sent into the small nuclear colony, so that the queen bee can lay eggs and melt insects in the small nuclear colony, the contradiction that the success rate of the queen bee breeding by the large colony of the Chinese bee is low and the production of the original colony is weakened is effectively solved, the difficult problem that the queen bee escapes from the colony after laying eggs is also solved, and the number of the queen bee in the culture is further increased.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a method of breeding a queen bee of a apis cerana, said method comprising: and (3) putting the queen breeding platform or the virgin queen in a small nuclear group for breeding, wherein the small nuclear group is a young bee mixed group of the Chinese bees and the western bees.
The western royal jelly and the Chinese royal jelly can be simultaneously produced by establishing the small nucleus groups of the Chinese and western young bees, the nutrient content of the royal jelly is effectively improved, the cultivation success rate of the queen bee larvae is improved, and in addition, the problem of escape after the queen bee spawns is effectively solved by the characteristic that the large group of the western bee is resistant and the queen bee is not easy to fly away. The productivity of the original population is not easily impaired by the characteristics of the small population.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the queen bee breeding method can be used for directly placing queen bee stands in the karyocyte population to breed the oviposition queen bee.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the number ratio of the Chinese bees to the western bees in the small nuclear group is 1: 0.8-1.2;
preferably, the total number of the brood in the small nuclear group is 1000-2000;
preferably, the ratio of the Chinese bees to the western bees in the small nuclear group is 1:1, and the total number of the young bees in each small nuclear group is 1000 or 2000. In the actual production process, the number of worker bees in the minimum core group can be adjusted according to the requirement, and the number of the west bee broods in the minimum core group needs to be supplemented regularly.
Furthermore, the bee larva is used as a small nucleus group, the characteristic that the western bees maintain a large group is utilized, the worker bees are prevented from escaping, and if the bee larva is used as the small nucleus group, the large change of the number of the small nucleus group is easily caused, and the queen bee cultivation is not facilitated.
The Chinese bees and the western bees in the small nuclear group are worker bees.
The honeycomb is placed in the small nucleus group;
preferably, the honeycomb comprises a western honeycomb and a medium honeycomb, the number of the western honeycomb is 1-2, and the number of the medium honeycomb is 2-3.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the small core group comprises 1-2 Western combs and 2-3 Medium combs placed in a small core group. The mode of matching the west honeycomb spleen and the middle honeycomb spleen is adopted, so that the west worker bee and the middle worker bee are facilitated to respectively store honey, pollen and royal jelly in the west honeycomb spleen and the middle worker bee correspondingly, the food source of queen bee larvae is ensured, and the success rate of queen bee cultivation is indirectly improved.
The honeycomb is formed by thousands of cells built by bees with beeswax, and the honeycomb of the bees is formed by several to dozens of cells. The worker bee stores honey and pollen in the honeycomb of the honeycomb. They also polish the hive with propolis for the queen bee to lay eggs in it. The bee larva grows up in the nest, and then silks and cocoons are produced to pupate. Therefore, the components contained in the honeycomb are complex, and the components contained in honey, beeswax, bee pollen, royal jelly, propolis, bee cocoon shells, larva secretion and the like can exist in the honeycomb. Both the Chinese and Western bees' combs contain a plurality of parallel vertical combs, with the distance between the combs of the Western bees being about 0.5 inch. The distance between the honeycombs of the Chinese honey bee is closer than that of the western bee. The nest and the spleen of the western bee are large, and the western bee brood is not easy to fly and escape.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the small core group is constructed by the following method: mixing the anaesthetized Apis cerana and the anaesthetized Apis cerana, and supplementing 500 and 800 Apis cerana larvae into the small nucleus group every 20-30 days to obtain the small nucleus group;
preferably, the anesthetic used in the anesthetic treatment is carbon dioxide, and the treatment time is 2-5 min.
The west bees and the Chinese bees can be temporarily in a coma state through carbon dioxide treatment, and the construction of a subsequent small nuclear group is facilitated. After the carbon dioxide treatment, the western bee and the Chinese bee can revive within 3-5min, and the living characteristics of the western bee and the Chinese bee are not affected. The release amount of liquid carbon dioxide is 20-50 ml. And supplementing the west bee broods into the small nucleus groups every 20-30 days, and preventing the quantity of the west bee broods in the small nucleus groups from being sharply reduced to cause the decrease of the queen breeding success rate of the queen bees.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the queen bee raising platform is placed in front of the micronucleus population and further comprises a queen bee cleaning platform, wherein the queen bee cleaning platform comprises the following steps:
cleaning the queen cell, transferring larvae of the west bee into the queen cell, feeding the queen cell for 20-30 hours, transferring the larvae of the west bee, transferring the larvae of the Chinese bee into the queen cell, putting the queen cell transferred with the larvae of the Chinese bee into the queen cell, and culturing to obtain a mature queen cell.
The queen bee is cleaned by the alternation of the young west queen bees and the young Chinese bees, so that western royal jelly can be generated in the queen bee, the royal jelly of the Chinese bees can also be generated in the queen bee, and the habit of the Chinese bees can be effectively improved through the hybridization of the nutrition structure, thereby further reducing the escape probability of the queen bee after spawning.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the larvae of the Apis cerana are 2-4 day old larvae;
preferably, the Chinese bee larvae are 3 day old larvae.
The characteristics that the larvae do not love old nests and do not repel new nests can be effectively utilized by adopting the west bee colony to clean the queen bee platforms, and the efficiency of cleaning the queen bee platforms is effectively improved.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the queen bee period for breeding the oviposited worms is 5-7 months.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the queen virens are raised in a small nucleus, and the queen virens are allowed to lay eggs in the small nucleus and the eggs are allowed to develop into Chinese bee larvae.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
the Chinese bee queen for developing oviposition and insect-dissolving is obtained by the following method:
putting the virgin queen in the small nucleus group for cultivation, enabling the virgin queen to lay eggs in the small nucleus group, and enabling the eggs to develop into larvae of the Chinese bees. After the queen bees lay eggs and dissolve insects, the queen bees laying eggs newly can be directly sold or sent, and the queen bees laying eggs and dissolving insects can be induced into a big swarm, and the strong swarm is bred for production by utilizing the advantage of good egg laying of the new queen bees. Is beneficial to the large-scale expansion of the breeding quantity of queen bees, is also beneficial to the exertion of the production potential of Chinese bees, and greatly improves the economic benefit of breeding the Chinese bees.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the success rate of queen bee cultivation by the method is 75-85%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for cultivating Chinese bee queens, which uses a small amount of young bees of Chinese and western bees to form a small nuclear group, and feeds a queen breeding platform or virgin queen into the small nuclear group, so that the queen can lay eggs and melt insects in the small nuclear group.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for breeding Chinese bee queens. The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
1. placing 30 queen bee platforms on a queen bee breeding frame, cleaning the queen bee platforms, transferring 1 larva of western bee into each queen bee platform, placing a queen bee breeding group in the queen bee for breeding for 24 hours, taking out the larva of the western bee in the queen bee platform, transferring the larva of a Chinese bee with three-day-old group into the queen bee platform, placing the queen bee breeding frame after transferring the larva into the Chinese bee breeding group for breeding queen bee for later use.
2. And constructing a small nucleus group. The two sealed bags are respectively filled with 500 Chinese bees and 500 western bee broods which are treated by carbon dioxide, the Chinese bee broods are placed in the honeycomb of the Chinese bees, the western bee broods are placed in the honeycomb of the western bees, and the honeycomb of the Chinese bees and the honeycomb of the western bees are placed in the same honeycomb. Ensuring the sufficient feed in the small nuclear group.
3. And (3) leading the queen bee platforms matured in the step (1) into the small nucleus group in the step (2), feeding queen bees for the Chinese and western baby bees in the small nucleus group, and after the queen bees are mated, catching the queen bees for spawning and insect dissolving to induce the queen bees into a big group or sell the queen bees. And then the small nucleus groups are sent into the queen, and the small nucleus groups are repeatedly utilized to cultivate the spawning queen.
The small nuclear colony is arranged near the large breeding Chinese bee colony, so that the queen in the small nuclear colony is mated with the male bee in the large breeding bee colony, and the mating success rate of the queen is improved. Furthermore, the number of males in the western bees needs to be strictly controlled.
The calculation formula of the cultivation success rate is as follows:
the cultivation success rate is the number of queen bees cultured/queen bee platform.
The success rate of queen bee cultivation is calculated to be 80%, and the number of queen bees obtained in the step 3 is 24.
Example 2
1. And constructing a small nucleus group. The two sealed bags are respectively filled with 1000 Chinese bees and 1000 western bee broods which are treated by carbon dioxide, the Chinese bee broods are placed in the honeycomb of the Chinese bees, the western bee broods are placed in the honeycomb of the western bees, and the honeycomb of the Chinese bees and the honeycomb of the western bees are placed in the same honeycomb. Ensuring the sufficient feed in the small nuclear group.
2. And (3) introducing 30 virgin queens into the small nucleus group in the step (1), enabling the virgin queens to copulate and lay eggs in the small nucleus group, and catching the queens laying eggs and dissolving the insects into a big group or selling the queens after the eggs laid by the queens are dissolved in insects in 3 days. The number of queen bees obtained was 20.
Comparative example 1
1. And constructing a small nucleus group. The two sealed bags are respectively filled with 2000 Chinese bee broods treated by carbon dioxide, the Chinese bee broods are placed in the Chinese bee comb, and the Chinese bee comb is placed in the same honeycomb. Ensuring the sufficient feed in the small nuclear group.
2. Introducing the virgin queen into the small nucleus group in the step 1, enabling the virgin queen to copulate and lay eggs in the small nucleus group, and grabbing out the eggs and gathering the insect-dissolving queen bees into a big group or selling the eggs after the eggs laid by the queen bees are insect-dissolved in 3 days. 10 queen bees were obtained.
Comparative example 2
1. And constructing a small nucleus group. The method comprises the steps of filling 2000 bee larvae treated by carbon dioxide into a sealing bag, placing the bee larvae into the spleen of a western honeycomb, and placing the spleen of the western honeycomb into the same honeycomb. Ensuring the sufficient feed in the small nuclear group.
2. Introducing the virgin queen into the small nucleus group in the step 1, enabling the virgin queen to copulate and lay eggs in the small nucleus group, and catching the queen which lays eggs and dissolves insects to lure the queen into a big group or sell the queen after the eggs laid by the queen are dissolved into insects in 3 days. The number of queen bees obtained was 3.
Comparative example 3
1. And constructing a small nucleus group. The two sealed bags are respectively filled with 500 Chinese bees and 1000 western bee larvae which are treated by carbon dioxide, the Chinese bee larvae are placed in the Chinese bee comb, the western bee larvae are placed in the western bee comb, and the Chinese bee comb and the western bee comb are placed in the same honeycomb. Ensuring the sufficient feed in the small nuclear group.
2. Introducing the virgin queen into the small nucleus group in the step 1, enabling the virgin queen to copulate and lay eggs in the small nucleus group, and catching the queen which lays eggs and dissolves insects to lure the queen into a big group or sell the queen after the eggs laid by the queen are dissolved into insects in 3 days. The number of queen bees obtained was 17.
As is clear from the above examples and comparative examples, the number of queen bees cultured by placing queen bee raising platforms in the nuclei was higher than the number of queen bees cultured by placing virgin queen bees in the nuclei. The small core group formed by Chinese bees and western bees obviously improves the output quantity of queen bees. When the number of the young bees of the Chinese bees and the western bees tends to 1:1, the method is more beneficial to the cultivation of queen bees.
The method can culture a large number of Chinese bee queens by utilizing the small nucleus group, meets the requirement of a beekeeper for purchasing the Chinese bee queens, and provides powerful guarantee for raising the strong group of Chinese bees. The Chinese bee queen is cultivated by using the small nuclear colony, and higher economic benefit can be obtained with minimum investment. The development of the Chinese bee industry is promoted by the Chinese bee breeding technology provided by the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A method of breeding a queen bee of a apis cerana, the method comprising: and (3) putting the queen breeding platform or the virgin queen in a small nuclear group for breeding, wherein the small nuclear group is a young bee mixed group of the Chinese bees and the western bees.
2. A method of queen bee of claim 1, wherein the number ratio of the Chinese bees to the west bees in the small nuclear population is 1: 0.8-1.2.
3. The method for breeding the apis mellifera queen according to claim 2, wherein the total number of the young bees in the small nuclear group is 1000-2000 bees.
4. A method of queen bee rearing according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the Chinese bees to the western bees in the micronucleus population is 1:1, and the total number of brood in each micronucleus population is 1000 or 2000.
5. A method of queen bee of claim 2, wherein both the Chinese bees and the west bees of the small nuclear community are worker bees.
6. A method of queen bee rearing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a honeycomb is placed in said small core population.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said combs include 1-2 western combs and 2-3 medium combs.
8. A method of queen bee rearing according to claim 1, wherein said small nucleus population is established by: and mixing the anaesthetized Apis cerana and the anaesthetized Apis cerana, and supplementing 500 and 800 Apis cerana larvae into the small nucleus group every 20-30 days to obtain the small nucleus group.
9. A method of queen bee rearing according to claim 8, wherein the anesthetic agent used in the anesthetic treatment is carbon dioxide; the treatment time is 2-5 min.
10. A method of queen bee rearing according to claim 1 wherein placing said queen bee rearing platform in front of a corelet colony further comprises cleaning the queen bee platform, said cleaning the queen bee platform comprising the steps of:
cleaning the queen cell, transferring the larvae of the west bee queen into the queen cell, feeding the queen cell in a queen bee breeding group for 20-30 hours, transferring the larvae of the west bee out, transferring the larvae of the Chinese bee into the queen cell, putting the queen cell transferred with the larvae of the Chinese bee into the queen bee breeding group, and breeding to obtain a mature queen cell.
11. A method of rearing a apis mellifera queen according to claim 10, wherein said apis cerana larvae are 2-4 day old larvae.
12. A method of rearing a apis mellifera queen according to claim 1, wherein after the virgin queen is reared in a micronucleus population, a queen is allowed to lay eggs in the micronucleus population and the eggs are allowed to develop into apis cerana larvae.
13. A method of queen bee rearing as claimed in claim 12, further comprising: taking out the Chinese bee queen producing the oviposited worms, and then sending the virgin queen into the micronucleus group again to cultivate the oviposited queen.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110896928B (en) * 2019-12-09 2022-02-18 四川农业大学 Chinese bee queen bee breeding method
CN113080141B (en) * 2021-03-29 2023-05-23 范正红 Group-expanding potential breeding method for Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding relay boxes

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CN100405899C (en) * 2006-05-25 2008-07-30 云南农业大学东方蜜蜂研究所 Method for culturing cenospecies of apis cerana fabricius and apis mellifera linneae
CN101548660A (en) * 2009-02-26 2009-10-07 慈溪市畜牧兽医技术推广中心 Artificial cultivation method of apis cerana queen
CN101849529A (en) * 2010-05-25 2010-10-06 兰溪市鸿香生物科技有限公司 Method for breeding high-quality anti-mite bee variety
CN102342264B (en) * 2011-08-25 2013-05-29 兰溪市鸿香生物科技有限公司 Method for breeding mite-resistant bee species
CN104982390A (en) * 2015-07-11 2015-10-21 云南农业大学 Method for efficiently culturing queen bees of west bees by using incubator
CN105191872A (en) * 2015-10-09 2015-12-30 龚良成 Bee breeding method
CN105494265B (en) * 2015-12-24 2018-09-11 长顺县赤丞种养殖农民专业合作社 Apis cerana educates Wang Fangfa
CN106508816A (en) * 2016-10-28 2017-03-22 贵港市桂东南中蜂养殖专业合作社 Artificial breeding method for queen Chinese honeybees
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