CN113080141B - Group-expanding potential breeding method for Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding relay boxes - Google Patents
Group-expanding potential breeding method for Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding relay boxes Download PDFInfo
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- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000027326 copulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 49
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004709 eyebrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain areas by adding a trunk to expand the colony potential, which comprises the following steps: in the early spring bee breeding season, firstly, breeding a Chinese bee ternary strain hybrid high-quality queen cell; secondly, constructing a double king propagation group which is also used as a mating group, and replacing king by using a ternary strain hybridization queen cell to promote the rapid propagation and population expansion of the double king propagation group; adding a sub-box on the double-king breeding group nest box again, adjusting the mature cover spleen from the double-king breeding group, adding the sub-box, and continuously promoting the double-king breeding group to increase the group vigor; continuously operating to draw and adjust the mature sealing cover spleen, adding the cover spleen into a trunk and promoting the double king breeding group to breed bees, and finally enabling the lower bottom box double king breeding group to have eight spleen bees, and enabling the upper trunk production group to reach more than four spleen bees; so far, the Chinese bee colony cultivated by adding the trunk is formed, the bottom double-king colony is formed into a breeding area for breeding bees, and the upper trunk is used as a production area for honey brewing and honey storage. The invention can effectively increase the colony potential of the Chinese bees and improve the cultivation benefit by times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese bee raising management in the technical field of animal husbandry, and particularly relates to a method for raising Chinese bees in a Qinling region by adding a trunk to expand the colony potential.
Background
The Chinese bees are special bee varieties in China, commonly called as 'soil bees', have a breeding history of thousands of years in China, are very suitable for natural environments in China, are particularly suitable for breeding in vast mountain areas and forest areas, are distributed in most places in China, form a plurality of local strains, and are bee varieties which can not be replaced by Western bees. The Chinese bees are cultivated, which has special significance for increasing income of farmers, increasing agricultural yield, improving agricultural product quality and forest ecological balance, but the Chinese bees can only maintain 3-6 spleen colony potential in general due to unique biological characteristics, and the colony potential is too small compared with the colony potential of more than 10 spleen of western bees. However, the colony vigor is a key factor for determining the quantity and quality of bee products, so that the honey production of Chinese bees is not great. According to statistics, the average annual honey production per group of Chinese bees is only 7.5kg, compared with the regular land culture of western bees under the same conditions, the average annual honey production per group of Chinese bees is only 25% of the annual honey production per group of Chinese bees, and the culture benefit is not high. The Chinese bees need to innovate the breeding method, and the aim of increasing the output and the breeding benefit is fulfilled by trying to increase the colony potential.
The traditional living frame cultivation method of the Chinese bees comprises the following steps: the bee growers regularly utilize local natural honey sources, and propagate bees and produce bees according to the empirical summary and seasonal changes. In general, the bee colony in Qinling mountain area is maintained at the colony potential of 4-6 spleens; in the breeding process, if the swarm potential continues to be increased, the bee splitting phenomenon can occur, so that the swarm potential becomes smaller, and the trunk adding breeding is difficult. Under the normal climate condition, the annual average honey yield of each group of bees is only 7.5kg, and the production benefit is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain areas by adding a trunk to expand the colony potential.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding a trunk to expand the colony potential comprises the following steps:
step (1): in early spring breeding season, mating the queen of the Qinling line of the Chinese bee with the drone of the Changbai mountain line of the Chinese bee as ancestor, selecting the queen of the high-quality line from the offspring generated by the mating, mating with the drone of the Huangshan line of the Chinese bee as male parent to generate offspring bee colony, and cultivating the high-quality queen bee in the offspring bee colony;
step (2): selecting two groups of bees with high performance and maintaining a large colony potential from original bees in a bee field, culturing the two groups of bees as a stock of copulation bees, constructing a double-king breeding group by using the reserved two copulation bees, wherein the two copulation bees in the double-king breeding group are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of a beehive to form two areas;
step (3): when a large number of drones come out of the house during spring reproduction, respectively replacing queen bees in two areas of the double queen bee reproduction group with the high-quality queen bees cultivated in the step (1), and improving the nest recognition capability of the new queen bees after the new queen bees are born and flying;
step (4): adding a comb foundation into the beehive in the step (2), stimulating the beehive in the double-king breeding group to nest, enabling new queen bees to lay eggs, and inhibiting the heat of bees to divide until four-spleen bees are respectively reached in two areas of the double-king breeding group, and when the bees are more than the spleen, adding a super box above the beehive, and adapting the beehive;
step (5): after the bee colony is adapted, respectively adjusting an aged cover spleen from two areas of the double queen bee breeding colony to be added into a sub-box, and then respectively adding a comb foundation or empty spleen into the two areas of the double queen bee breeding colony to encourage new queen bee to continue spawning;
step (6): and extracting an old sealing cover spleen from the two areas of the double-king breeding group again, adding the old sealing cover spleen into the super, then adding a comb foundation or empty spleen into the two areas of the double-king breeding group, continuously promoting new queen bees to spawn, keeping four combs in the two areas of the bottom double-king breeding group, and obtaining four combs in the upper super, wherein the bee colony cultivated by the super is formed, the breeding area is formed by the bottom double-king breeding group for breeding bees, and the upper super is used as a production area for making and storing honey.
Further, in the honey flowing production period, after the step (6), one old mature sealing cover spleen is again adjusted from each of two areas of the bottom double king breeding group and is added into a sub-box, then a comb foundation or an empty spleen is respectively added into the two areas of the double king breeding group, new queen bees are continuously promoted to spawn, four combs are still respectively kept in the two areas of the bottom double king breeding group until six combs are reached in the upper sub-box, the bottom double king breeding group continues to serve as a breeding area for breeding bees, and the upper sub-box serves as a production area for honey making and honey storage.
Further, in the step (3), after the new queen is born, the nest doors of the two areas of the double queen breeding group are staggered back and forth, and marks are made at the nest doors by different colors, so that the nest recognition capability of the new queen after the new queen is born and the wedding flies is improved.
Further, after the spleen is covered by the cover after one time of aging is adjusted every time, the urgent king table in the secondary box is cleaned from the day of adjusting the spleen to the sixth day.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can make the Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area to be cultivated in the relay box, the swarm vigor reaches more than 12 spleen, and can maintain the larger swarm vigor for a long time, and keep the state of not separating bees and not escaping from swarms;
2. the invention can ensure that the annual average honey yield of the Chinese bees in the Qinling region reaches more than 20kg, achieves high and stable yield, and greatly improves the cultivation benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cultivation process of a high quality queen bee (new queen bee);
FIG. 2 is a process of adding a relay box in the cultivation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding a trunk to expand the colony potential, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): in early spring breeding season, the queen of the Qinling line of Chinese bees is utilized to be crossed with the drone of the Changbai mountain line of Chinese bees as ancestors, then the queen of the high-quality line is selected from the offspring generated by the queen and is crossed with the drone of the Huangshan line of Chinese bees as father, offspring colony is generated, and the high-quality queen bee stage is cultivated in the offspring colony.
A large number of experiments prove that the queen bee developed by the queen bee bred by the method has the characteristics of large spawning quantity, strong group potential energy maintenance capability, strong honey collection capability, strong disease resistance capability and good stress resistance, and can maintain the colony potential of the bees to above 12 spleen, thereby realizing the expanded colony potential breeding of the Chinese bees.
It should be noted that, cultivation of high quality Wang Taishi should be performed in spring season, and sufficient honey powder source should be ensured.
Step (2): selecting two bees with good performance and maintaining a large colony potential from original bees in a bee-keeping field, culturing the two bees as a mating bee colony for storage, constructing a double-king breeding colony by using the two mating bee colonies stored, wherein the two mating bee colonies in the double-king breeding colony are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of a beehive, and are separated by a partition plate in the middle to form two areas.
Step (3): in spring reproduction, when a large number of drones come out of the house, queen bees in two areas of the double queen bee reproduction group are replaced by high-quality queen bees cultivated in the step (1), and nest recognition capability of new queen bees is improved after the new queen bees are born and fly.
After the new queen bee is born, the nest entrance of the two areas of the double queen bee breeding group is staggered from front to back, and marks are made on the nest entrance by different colors, so that the nest recognition capability of the new queen bee after the new queen bee is born is improved, and the new queen bee is prevented from getting lost after wedding flight.
Step (4): and (3) adding a comb foundation into the beehive in the step (2), stimulating the beehive to nest, enabling new queen bees to lay eggs, and inhibiting the heat of bees, until four spleen bees are respectively reached in two areas of the double-queen breeding group, and when the bees are more than the spleen, adding a super box above the beehive, and adapting the beehive.
After the trunk is additionally arranged, various conventional measures are applied to adapt the bee colony in the two areas of the double-king breeding colony to the trunk, and bees in the two areas are mutually adapted at the same time, so that a colony of larger bees is formed.
Step (5): after the bee colony is adapted, an old mature cover spleen is respectively adjusted from two areas of the double queen bee breeding colony and is added into the sub-box, and then a comb foundation or an empty spleen is respectively added into the two areas of the double queen bee breeding colony to encourage new queen bees to continue spawning.
If a comb foundation is added, the bee colony needs to nest first and a new queen bee can lay eggs; if the spleen is empty, the new queen bee directly spawns.
At this time, the beehive of the double king breeding group is used as a bottom box, four combs are still respectively arranged in the two areas of the beehive, and two combs are arranged in the upper sub-box.
Step (6): according to the development condition of the capping spleens in the double king breeding group, one mature capping spleens are extracted from the two areas of the double king breeding group again and added into the sub-boxes, then a comb foundation or empty spleens are respectively added into the two areas of the double king breeding group, new queen bees are continuously promoted to spawn, four combs are still respectively kept in the two areas of the bottom double king breeding group, four combs are also reached in the upper sub-box, twelve combs are all arranged in the whole group, so that the bee group cultivated by the sub-boxes is formed, the lower bottom double king breeding group forms a breeding area for breeding, and the upper sub-box is used as a production area for honey making and honey storage.
After extracting the honeycomb honey from the trunk, continuously extracting an aged sealing cover spleen from two areas of the bottom double-king breeding group, adding the aged sealing cover spleen into the trunk, then adding a comb foundation or empty spleen into the two areas of the double-king breeding group, continuously promoting new queen bee to spawn, keeping the whole group of bees to have twelve combs, and repeating the process to ensure that the colony vigor reaches dynamic balance.
Further, in the production period of flowing honey, after the step (6), adding an old mature sealing cover spleen into a sub-box from each of two areas of the bottom double king breeding group again, then adding a comb foundation or empty spleen into each of the two areas of the double king breeding group, continuing to promote new queen bees to spawn, and keeping four combs in each of the two areas of the bottom double king breeding group until six combs are reached in the upper sub-box, wherein the total number of the whole group of bees is fourteen combs; the bottom double king breeding group is continuously used as a breeding area for breeding bees, and the upper trunk is used as a production area for honey brewing and honey storage.
In addition, when entering into the honey flowing production phase, the sealing cover of the trunk breaks and covers to generate new bees, the empty nest room stores honey, and when the spleen is extracted from the trunk, the produced empty spleen is trimmed and flattened by a cutter and can be added into the lower bottom box breeding group, so that new queen bees lay eggs on the empty spleen.
Further, after the cover spleen is sealed after each time of ageing, the urgent king table in the secondary box is cleaned from the day of the self-adjustment to the day 6.
When the method is applied, the sufficient honey powder source and proper temperature in the bee colony are ensured, and honey and pollen are fed in a non-honey and non-powder way; and the time for the operation of the bee colony box Wang Jiaji is different due to the climate difference of each place, for example, the time for the box Wang Jiaji is about 3 to 4 months each year, and the early stage of the large flow of honey in spring.
By using the method, beekeeping households can achieve super-large swarm potential of more than 12 spleen in the honey flowing period and keep stable and high yield all year round in the bee breeding season by organizing double queen breeding swarms and adding the trunk in time to expand swarm potential.
For this purpose, the applicant conducted experiments in a beekeeping field of a county, a county-docks and a valley-co-worker. The bee farm is established in 1997, is positioned in six groups of Yingtouzhen Honghecun in the Bao-Ji county, and is used for culturing 370 groups of Chinese bees in the present, a traditional living frame culturing method is adopted in 2018, 273 groups of Chinese bees are cultured in the annual average, 5 spleen bees are arranged in each group, and the annual average honey production amount of each group of bees is 8.5kg; after adopting the method of raising with the trunk in 2019 and 2020, the annual average bees are in 345 groups, 13 spleen bees are in average in each group, 29.5kg of honey is produced in each group of bees in each year, the group vigor is doubled, and the honey production is improved by 247%.
In addition, the applicant has tested in the DaYongjie middle bee farm. The farm is established in 2008, is positioned in Yingtouzhen Dacun in the Bao Ji and eyebrow county, and adopts a traditional living frame cultivation method before 2018 to cultivate the Chinese bee 26 groups in an annual average, wherein 4.5 spleen bees are arranged in each group, and the annual average honey production amount of each group of bees is 4.6kg; after adopting the method of raising with the trunk in 2019 and 2020, 40 groups of annual average bees are raised, each group has 12.5 spleen bees on average, each group bees produce 23kg of honey annually, the group vigor reaches the original 2.8 times, and the honey production is improved by 400%.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding a trunk to expand the colony potential is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): in early spring breeding season, mating the queen of the Qinling line of the Chinese bee with the drone of the Changbai mountain line of the Chinese bee as ancestor, selecting the queen of the high-quality line from the offspring generated by the mating, mating with the drone of the Huangshan line of the Chinese bee as male parent to generate offspring bee colony, and cultivating the high-quality queen bee in the offspring bee colony;
step (2): selecting two groups of bees with high performance and maintaining a large colony potential from original bees in a bee field, culturing the two groups of bees as a stock of copulation bees, constructing a double-king breeding group by using the reserved two copulation bees, wherein the two copulation bees in the double-king breeding group are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of a beehive to form two areas;
step (3): when a large number of drones come out of the house during spring reproduction, respectively replacing queen bees in two areas of the double queen bee reproduction group with the high-quality queen bees cultivated in the step (1), and improving the nest recognition capability of the new queen bees after the new queen bees are born and flying;
step (4): adding a comb foundation into the beehive in the step (2), stimulating the beehive in the double-king breeding group to nest, enabling new queen bees to lay eggs, and inhibiting the heat of bees to divide until four-spleen bees are respectively reached in two areas of the double-king breeding group, and when the bees are more than the spleen, adding a super box above the beehive, and adapting the beehive;
step (5): after the bee colony is adapted, respectively adjusting an aged cover spleen from two areas of the double queen bee breeding colony to be added into a sub-box, and then respectively adding a comb foundation or empty spleen into the two areas of the double queen bee breeding colony to encourage new queen bee to continue spawning;
step (6): and extracting an old sealing cover spleen from the two areas of the double-king breeding group again, adding the old sealing cover spleen into the super, then adding a comb foundation or empty spleen into the two areas of the double-king breeding group, continuously promoting new queen bees to spawn, keeping four combs in the two areas of the bottom double-king breeding group, and obtaining four combs in the upper super, wherein the bee colony cultivated by the super is formed, the breeding area is formed by the bottom double-king breeding group for breeding bees, and the upper super is used as a production area for making and storing honey.
2. The method for raising Chinese bees in the Qinling mountain area by adding a super box to expand the colony according to claim 1, wherein in the honey flowing production period, after the step (6), one mature sealed cover spleen is again adjusted from each of two areas of the bottom double king colony to be added into the super box, then one comb foundation or empty spleen is respectively added into the two areas of the double king colony, new queen bees are continuously promoted to spawn, four combs are still kept in the two areas of the bottom double king colony until the bottom double king colony is still produced, six combs are reached in the upper super box, the bottom double king colony is continuously used as a breeding area for breeding bees, and the upper super box is used as a production area for making and storing honey.
3. The method for raising Chinese bees in the Qinling mountain area by adding a trunk to expand the colony potential according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (3), after the new queen is born, the nest gates of the two areas of the double queen breeding colony are staggered back and forth, and marks are made at the nest gate by using different colors, so that the nest recognition capability of the new queen after the birth and the wedding flight is improved.
4. The method for expanding the colony potential of Chinese bees in the trunk in Qinling mountain area according to claim 3, wherein after the spleen is sealed after the cover is aged once every time the spleen is adjusted, the rapid-onset queen bee in the trunk is cleaned once from the day of adjusting the spleen to the sixth day.
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