CN113455431A - Grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp breeding method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a shrimp pond; (2) drying and cleaning the pond for disinfection; (3) constructing artificial aquatic plants and a biological floating bed; (4) putting crayfish fries and fish in a sleeving manner; (5) activating humic acid, microalgae and probiotics for water adjustment; (6) the feed is accurate in nutrition and fed. Strictly controlling the stocking density and stocking specification of the single-season crayfishes, and matching a certain number of fish in intercropping with the fish in the specification. The pond or pond for the rice and shrimp in the Chinese China area can be used for two seasons, the first season is 3-6 months, the second season is 6-9 months, 70% of commercial shrimps can reach 35-60 g/shrimp, and the yield per mu per season is 100-125 kg. The '0' fishery drug investment and zero emission in the whole culture process are realized, the efficient and clean culture mode is achieved, 200 plus 250 kg/mu of large-size commercial shrimps can be produced in total, the pure income per mu reaches more than 6000 yuan, the quality and efficiency improvement is realized, the income of fishermen is increased, and the country is happy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp farming method.
Background
Crayfish, the scientific name of which is Procambarus clarkii, is native to north america and introduced into China in the 20 th century and the 30 th century. The crayfish has strong natural population fertility, can live in various water areas, has wide feeding range and is suitable for cultivation. Meanwhile, the crayfish has tender meat, unique flavor and rich nutrition, and is deeply welcomed by domestic and foreign markets. By 2020, the total area for crayfish culture in China exceeds 2000 ten thousand acres, the total yield reaches 239 ten thousand tons, and crayfishes become the most important freshwater economic crayfish culture in China.
At present, crayfish forms an integrated industrial group and chain integrating cultivation, processing, circulation, catering, traveling and the like. The cultivation modes and technologies of continuous cropping of shrimp and rice, combined cropping of shrimp and rice, rotation of shrimp and crab and the like are formed, and the method is widely popularized in the whole province and even the whole country. However, after being popularized and applied for more than 20 years, the crayfish industry faces new series of problems, which are mainly expressed as the problems of poor quality of breeding and breeding integration, small shrimp and rice joint cropping size, low centralized marketing price, poor extensive breeding quality and the like, and the consumption end has the difficulty of difficult crayfish and difficult good crayfish, so that the crayfish breeding benefit is unstable, and the healthy development of the whole crayfish industry chain is greatly restricted.
The crayfish fries are required to be subjected to molting for more than 10 times when being cultured into a commodity specification, particularly, the molting frequency of the fries is very high in winter and early spring, aquatic weeds are rare in low-temperature seasons, the aquatic weeds are easy to rot and damage the water quality in high-temperature seasons, the crayfish which are just molted are exposed under no shielding objects, and the crayfish fries have obvious cannibalism phenomenon among each other, so that the crayfish fries and the survival rate in the culture period are very low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional method for cultivating shrimps, so as to solve the problems in the prior art. The method solves the problems that the existing crayfish main culture mode is difficult in aquatic weed planting and management, the crayfish is sold in the market intensively, and the ratio of large-size high-quality finished shrimps is extremely low, fully utilizes the three-dimensional planting and breeding technology, and improves the quality and benefit of the crayfish.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp culturing method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a shrimp pond: the area of the shrimp pond is controlled to be 3-10 mu, the requirement on convenient drainage is met, the pond ridge does not leak, and the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1: 2-1: 3, the water depth is 1.0-2.5m, the pool bottom is flat, and the sludge is 10-15 cm;
(2) and (3) pond airing and pond cleaning and disinfection: draining the pond water before stocking shrimp seedlings in each season, removing weeds and sludge, and exposing to the sun until the bottom of the pond is white and hard and cracked by 1-3 cm; 7-17 days before stocking the shrimp seedlings, reserving 25-30cm of water at the bottom of the pond, using 75-200kg of quicklime per mu, splashing the quicklime on the slope surfaces of the whole pond and the pond ridges after water melting, 3 days before stocking the shrimp seedlings, feeding water until the water depth is 0.8-1.0m, filtering the water by using a double-layer screen silk net when feeding water, and sterilizing the pond water by using 10-15 kg of bleaching powder per mu after feeding water;
(3) constructing an artificial aquatic plant and a biological floating bed: the manufacturing area is 10-100m2The floating part is arranged on the water surface of each mu, the top of the floating part is provided with a plurality of water spinach planting bed bodies formed by horizontal net sheets close to the water surface, the area of all the water spinach planting bed bodies is 30-80% (preferably 60-80%) of the area of the floating part, and strip-shaped net sheets and brushes extending in the vertical direction are hung below the floating part;
(4) feeding crayfish fries and fish in a sleeving manner: on the basis of sufficient preparation of the shrimp pond, the first crayfish fry is put into the pond in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, the stocking density of the fries is strictly controlled to be 30-40 jin/mu or 4000 plus 5000 pieces/mu, the specification is 80-120 jin/mu, and the crayfish fry is caught and sold from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months; the crayfish seedlings in the second season are put into the middle and last ten days of 6 months, the stocking density of the seedlings is strictly controlled to be 40-50 jin/mu or 4000-; 1 week after stocking fingerlings in each season, putting the fingerlings in intercropping;
(5) activating humic acid, microalgae and probiotics for water mixing: 2-3 days after each seedling is put, performing water adjusting and water culturing operations by adopting 2-5ppm of activated humic acid and 50-150L/mu of chlorella, and performing water adjusting and bottom changing by adopting 0.5-1.0 kg/mu of bacillus subtilis at the middle and later stages of culture;
(6) accurate nutrition and feeding of feed: feeding artificial compound feed, wherein the feed has the following nutritional components in the offspring seed stage when the crayfishes are 5-10g in average weight: 36-40% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.3-1.5% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the nutrient components of the feed used in the adult shrimp breeding stage with the weight of the crayfish of more than 15g are as follows: 32-36% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the total daily feeding amount accounts for 3.0-4.5% of the total weight of the shrimp fries, the shrimp fries are fed three times daily in the fry stage, and the adult shrimp feeding stage is fed twice daily.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can further make the following specific selection and requirements.
Specifically, the shrimp pond in the step (1) is provided with an impeller type aerator, and the specification is 0.6-1.0 kw/mu.
Specifically, draining pool water 2 months before the shrimp seedlings in the first season are put into the pool in the step (2), exposing the pool to the sun until the bottom of the pool is white and is dry and hard and cracked by 2-3cm, reserving 25-30cm of water at the bottom of the pool 15-17 days before the shrimp seedlings are put into the pool, adding 200kg of quicklime into each mu of the pool, and splashing the water on the slope surfaces of the whole pool and the pool ridges after water melting; draining the pond water in the middle-upper ten days of the second-season shrimp seedlings in 6 months before the shrimp seedlings are put into the pond, insolating until the bottom of the pond is white and dry and hard and cracks for 1-2cm, reserving 25-30cm of water at the bottom of the pond 7-10 days before the shrimp seedlings are put into the pond, using 75-100kg of quicklime per mu, and splashing the quicklime on the slope surfaces of the whole pond and the pond ridges after water melting.
Specifically, in the step (3), the floating members are manufactured by splicing and combining PE pipes with the diameter of 5-10cm and are circular or rectangular, the number of the floating members is one or more, and when the number of the floating members is one, the area of the floating members is 10-100m2When plural, each has an area of 1 to 9m2(ii) a The strip net is nylon net with mesh number of 10-20 meshes, length of 2-3 times of depth of aquaculture water body, width of 20-50cm, and mounting density of 5-30 strips/m2The length of the brush is 100-250cm, the length of the brush is 5-20cm, and the mounting density is 10-20 pieces/m2。
In particular, the stepsThe transplanting density of the water spinach on the water spinach planting bed body in the step (3) is 20-50 holes/m22-3 strains/hole.
Specifically, the crayfish fries in the step (4) are bred through a crayfish breeding and separating technology to obtain crayfish fries with regular specifications and strong physique, feeding is stopped one day before the crayfish fries are caught, special crayfish fries are caught and thrown into a cage or a ground cage is placed in a fry breeding pond at 4-6 o 'clock in the afternoon of the day, catching is started 10-12 o' clock in the evening, the time for the crayfish to enter the cage or the ground cage cannot exceed 8 hours, and the situation that the density of the crayfish entering the cage or the ground cage is too high to cause oxygen deficiency and stress is prevented; after catching, carrying out split charging on shrimp seeds, wherein the amount of each frame of shrimp seeds is controlled to be 10-15 jin, the length, width and height of each frame of shrimp seeds are 70cm, 40cm and 20cm respectively, carrying out full spraying treatment by adopting 40-80mg/L Vc aqueous solution after split charging, reducing stress reaction of transport of the crayfish seeds, carrying out whole-course spraying moisture preservation treatment in the transport process, controlling the transport time within 4h, and before putting the seeds in the pond, soaking the seeds in 0.4% saline solution for 5-20s and then uniformly putting the seeds in the pond along the periphery of the pond.
Specifically, the specifications and the number of the fish intercropping in the step (4) are as follows: 50-100 silver carps, 30-50 bighead carps and 5-10 grass carps in the specification of 0.2-1.0 kg/tail.
Specifically, in the step (5), in order to keep the water level and the water quality during the culture period, 8-10cm of fresh water is added for 1 time every 5-7 days, the pond water is changed for 1 time every 15 days, the water changing amount is 30% of the pond water, the water quality is kept fresh, the starting time of the aerator is guaranteed to be 4-6h in the daytime, and the aerator is started in the whole course of rainy days and nights.
Specifically, in the step (6), feeding is carried out once at 7-8 am, 1-2 pm and 6-7 pm of each day in the offspring seed stage, the secondary feeding amounts respectively account for 40%, 30% and 40% of the total daily feeding amount, feeding is carried out once at 7-8 am and 6-7 pm of each day in the adult shrimp culture stage, and the secondary feeding amounts respectively account for 40% and 60% of the total daily feeding amount; and feeding once at 6-7 am and 7-8 pm every day in the offspring stage and the adult shrimp culturing stage during the second-season culture, wherein the feeding amount of each time accounts for 40% and 60% of the total daily feeding amount.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention successfully breaks through the limitations of difficult aquatic weed planting and management, concentrated marketing and extremely low large-size high-quality commodity shrimp occupation ratio faced by the existing crayfish-rice-shrimp main breeding mode at home and abroad, constructs and fully utilizes the artificial bionic grass and aquatic plant biological floating bed suitable for crayfish-crab breeding to realize the grass-free crayfish breeding method, provides high-quality shelling and avoiding places for crayfish, improves the shelling survival rate of crayfish, reduces the problems of planting and difficult management of aquatic weed in the crayfish breeding process, and avoids the problems of low or unstable output benefit, extremely low crayfish proportion (the proportion of 40 g/more than specification is within 5 percent), irregular specification and high mortality rate of the existing crayfish-rice-shrimp main breeding mode.
2. According to the invention, the active humic acid, the microalgae and the probiotics are adopted for water adjustment, so that a high-quality water body environment is provided for the crayfish, the utilization efficiency of the crayfish feed is promoted, the input and the discharge of toxic and harmful substances in the aquaculture water are reduced, the use problem of a large number of unsafe input products in the existing crayfish-rice-shrimp main culture mode is avoided, and the specification, the quality and the food safety of the crayfish are improved.
3. The artificial compound feed with different nutrient contents is used in different growth stages of the crayfish, so that the requirements of the crayfish on nutrient substances in different growth stages and in the breeding season for the quick and healthy growth are met, the utilization efficiency of the nutrient components of the feed is improved, and the pollution of residual feed and excrement to the breeding water body is reduced.
4. According to the method, plankton in the aquaculture water body is effectively utilized, controlled and converted according to intercropping of filter-feeding fishes such as silver carps, bighead carps and the like, ecological niches and three-dimensional space of a pond ecological system are fully utilized to carry out comprehensive planting and breeding utilization and green production, crayfishes are successfully bred into large-size finished shrimps (more than 35 g) in 5-7 weeks to come into the market, and 100-150kg of high-quality and safe fish products are produced. The method can realize fast growth speed, strong disease resistance, large individual and high and stable benefit of the crayfish, simultaneously improve the benefit and quality of aquatic products, and provide theoretical basis and practical experience for the construction of a new mode for culturing the crayfish in the pond.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a split biological floating bed in a shrimp pond according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an integrated biological floating bed in a shrimp pond according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the biological floating bed shown in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of the brush of fig. 2.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. a shrimp pond; 2. a float member; 3. a water spinach planting bed body; 4. a vertical mesh; 5. and a brush.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described in connection with the drawings and the detailed description of the invention, which are set forth below as examples to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
A method for efficiently, cleanly and three-dimensionally cultivating shrimps without grass comprises the following steps:
(1) pond selection
The area of the pond is 9.5 mu, the drainage is convenient, the pond ridge does not leak, and the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1: 2-1: 3, the water depth is 1.0-2.5m, the bottom of the pool is flat, the sludge is 10-15cm, and a vane-wheel aerator of 0.6kw is arranged per mu;
(2) sterilizing the sunning pond and cleaning pond
Draining pool water 2 months before stocking shrimp seedlings in the first season, removing weeds and sludge, and insolating until the bottom of the pool is white and hard and cracked by 2-3 cm; 15 days before stocking the shrimp fries, reserving 25-30cm of water at the bottom of the pond, using 150kg of quicklime per mu, and splashing the quicklime on the slope surfaces of the whole pond and the pond ridges after water melting; 3 days before stocking the shrimp larvae, feeding water to the water depth of 0.8-1.0m, filtering the water by using a double-layer screen silk net with 80 meshes when feeding the water, and disinfecting the pond water by using 15 kg/mu of bleaching powder after feeding the water;
(3) construction of artificial aquatic plant and biological floating bed
The floating piece 2 is horizontally arranged on the shrimp pool 1, the floating piece is in a square, rectangular or round shape, and the floating piece is made of a PE pipe with the diameter of 7.5cm, and the making area is 36 square/mu of water surface. The floating piece is a split body (the area is 9 square), and the number of the floating pieces is 4, the vertical net piece 4 (attached net piece, vertically extended and curled to a certain degree) and the biological filtering brush 5 are fixed on the floating piece through a binding belt and are in a strip shape, as shown in figures 1 and 3. The mesh number of the attached net sheets is 20 meshes. The length of the attached net sheets is 2.5 times of the depth of the aquaculture water body, the width of the attached net sheets is 30cm, and the net sheet mounting density is set to be 20 per square. The length of the bristles of the biological filtering hairbrush is 15cm, the length of the hairbrush is 150cm, and the mounting density is set to be 10 per square. A water spinach planting bed body 3 is constructed by using 10-mesh horizontal net sheets in the middle grids of the floating bed, and the transplanting density of the water spinach is 20 holes per square and 2-3 plants per hole.
(4) Feeding crayfish fry and fish in sleeve culture
After crayfish seedlings with regular specifications and strong physique are cultured by a crayfish breeding separation technology, on the basis of sufficient preparation of the culture pond, fine weather lasting for more than 3 days is selected within 21 days of 3 months, feeding is stopped one day before the crayfish seedlings are caught, the crayfish special seedlings are caught and thrown into a cage or a ground cage and placed in a seedling breeding pond in 4 o 'clock in the afternoon of the day, catching is started 11 o' clock in the evening of the day, the time for controlling the crayfish to enter the throwing cage or the ground cage cannot exceed 8h, and the situation that the density of the crayfish entering the throwing cage or the ground cage is too high to cause oxygen deficiency and stress is prevented. After the crayfish fries are caught, the crayfish fries are subpackaged, the amount of each frame of the crayfish fries is controlled to be 15 jin, the length, the width and the height of each frame of the crayfish fries are respectively 70cm, 40cm and 20cm, and after the crayfish fries are subpackaged, 40mg/L Vc aqueous solution is adopted for full spraying treatment, so that the stress reaction of crayfish fry transportation is reduced. Spraying and moisturizing are carried out in the whole transportation process, the transportation time is controlled within 4h, and the seedlings are soaked in 0.4% saline water for 10s and then are uniformly thrown around the pond before being thrown. The stocking density of the crayfish fries is strictly controlled at 40 jin/mu or at 4000 and 5000 jin/mu, and the specification is 80-100 jin/mu. 1 week after the crayfish fries are put in the breeding, 100 silver carps/mu, 50 bighead carps/mu and 10 grass carps/mu are intercropped according to the specification of 0.5-1.0 kg/tail; and finishing catching and selling No. 5-No. 22-No. 6-No. 1 in the first season, finishing catching and putting in second batch of shrimp seeds No. 6-No. 18 after catching, wherein the method is the same as that of the first time, and finishing catching and selling from 8-month end to 9-month end in the second season.
(5) Activated humic acid, microalgae and probiotics water mixing
3 days after the crayfish fries are put in, 2ppm of activated humic acid water solution and 100L/mu of chlorella are adopted for water mixing and water culture, and 1.0 kg/mu of bacillus subtilis is adopted for water mixing and bottom changing in the middle and later culture periods. During the culture period, according to the water quality condition in the pond, 1 time of 8-10cm of fresh water is added every 5-7 days, the pond water is changed for 1 time every 15 days, the water changing amount is 30% of the pond water, the water quality is kept fresh, the starting time of the aerator is guaranteed to be 4-6h in the daytime, and the aerator is started in the whole course of rainy days and nights.
(6) Accurate nutrition and feeding of feed
During the first-season cultivation, the water temperature is about 18-28 ℃, the crayfish fry stage (below 15 g), the daily feeding amount accounts for 3.0% -4.5% of the total amount of the crayfish fries, the feeding is performed once at 7-8 am, 1-2 pm and 6-7 pm every day, the secondary feeding amount accounts for 40%, 30% and 40% of the total daily feeding amount respectively, 3 times per day in total, the crayfish fries are artificially mixed with feed (special feed for the Australian crayfish), and the nutritional ingredients are as follows: 36% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.3-1.5% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber. In the crayfish breeding stage (more than 15 g), the daily feeding amount accounts for 3.0% -4.5% of the total amount of crayfish fries, the crayfish fries are fed once at 7-8 am and 6-7 pm every day, the secondary feeding amount accounts for 40% and 60% of the total daily feeding amount respectively, the total amount is 2 times per day, and the fed artificial mixed feed (the special feed for the Aohua crayfish) comprises the following nutritional ingredients: 36% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber.
During the second-season cultivation, the water temperature is about 26-32 ℃, the fry stage and the adult shrimp cultivation stage are respectively fed once at 6-7 am and 7-8 pm every day, the feeding amount of each time accounts for 40% and 60% of the total daily feeding amount, the total amount is 2 times per day, and the feed used in the fry stage and the adult shrimp cultivation stage is the same as that used in the first season.
Example 2
A method for efficiently, cleanly and three-dimensionally cultivating shrimps without grass comprises the following steps:
(1) pond selection
The area of the pond is 5 mu, the drainage is convenient, the pond ridge does not leak, and the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1: 2-1: 3, the water depth is 1.0-2.5m, the bottom of the pool is flat, the sludge is 10-15cm, and a vane-wheel type aerator of 0.8kw is arranged per mu.
(2) Sterilizing the sunning pond and cleaning pond
Draining pool water 2 months before stocking shrimp seedlings in the first season, removing weeds and sludge, and insolating until the bottom of the pool is white and hard and cracked by 2-3 cm; 17 days before stocking the shrimp fries, reserving 25-30cm of water at the bottom of the pond, using 160kg of quicklime per mu, and splashing the quicklime on the slope surfaces of the whole pond and the pond ridges after water melting; 3 days before stocking the shrimp larvae, feeding water to the water depth of 0.8-1.0m, filtering the water by using a double-layer screen silk net of 80 meshes when feeding the water, and disinfecting the pond water by using 10 kg/mu of bleaching powder after feeding the water;
(3) construction of artificial aquatic plant and biological floating bed
The floating piece is in a square, rectangular or round shape, the floating piece is made of a PE pipe with the diameter of 5cm, the making area is 70 square/mu of water surface, the floating piece is a whole, and the attached net piece and the biological filtering brush are fixed on the floating piece through a binding belt and are in a strip shape, as shown in figures 2 and 3. The mesh number of the attached net sheets is 10 meshes. The length of the attached net sheets is 3 times of the depth of the aquaculture water body, the width of the attached net sheets is 40cm, and the net sheet mounting density is set to be 10 per square. The length of the bristles of the biological filtering hairbrush is 20cm, the length of the hairbrush is 200cm, and the mounting density is set to be 20 per square. A water spinach planting bed body is constructed by using a horizontal net sheet with 20 meshes in a grid in the middle of a floating bed, and the transplanting density of the water spinach is 50 holes per square and 2-3 plants per hole.
(4) Feeding crayfish fry and fish in sleeve culture
After crayfish seedlings with regular specifications and strong physique are cultured by a crayfish breeding separation technology, on the basis of sufficient preparation of the culture pond, fine weather lasting for more than 2 days is selected in 29 days in 3 months, feeding is stopped one day before the crayfish seedlings are caught, the crayfish special seedlings are caught and thrown into a cage or a ground cage and placed in a seedling breeding pond 4-6 points in the afternoon of the day, catching is started 10-12 points in the evening of the day, the time for controlling the crayfish to enter the throwing cage or the ground cage cannot exceed 8 hours, and the situation that the density of the crayfish entering the throwing cage or the ground cage is too high to cause oxygen deficiency and stress is prevented. After the crayfish fries are caught, the crayfish fries are subpackaged, the amount of each frame of the crayfish fries is controlled to be 10 jin, the length, the width and the height of each frame of the crayfish fries are respectively 70cm, 40cm and 20cm, and after the crayfish fries are subpackaged, 60mg/L Vc aqueous solution is adopted for full spraying treatment, so that the stress reaction of crayfish fry transportation is reduced. Spraying and moisturizing are carried out in the whole transportation process, the transportation time is controlled within 4h, and the seedlings are soaked in 0.4% saline solution for 10-20s and then are uniformly thrown along the periphery of the pond before being thrown. The stocking density of the crayfish fries is strictly controlled at 45 jin/mu or 4000 plus 5000 jin/mu, and the specification is 80-120 jin/mu. 1 week after the crayfish fries are put in the breeding, 75 silver carps/mu, 30 bighead carps/mu and 10 grass carps/mu are intercropped according to the specification of 0.5-1.0 kg/tail; and (3) finishing catching and selling No. 5-No. 6-No. 9 in the first season, finishing catching and putting in second batch of shrimp seeds No. 6-No. 25 after catching, wherein the method is the same as that of the first time, and finishing catching and selling from 8-month end to 9-month end in the second season.
(5) Activated humic acid, microalgae and probiotics water mixing
2-3 days after the crayfish fries are put in, water adjusting and cultivating operations are carried out by adopting 2ppm of activated humic acid water solution and 150L/mu of chlorella, and water adjusting and bottom changing are carried out by adopting 0.5-1.0 kg/mu of bacillus subtilis in the middle and later stages of cultivation. During the culture period, according to the water quality condition in the pond, 1 time of 8-10cm of fresh water is added every 5-7 days, the pond water is changed for 1 time every 15 days, the water changing amount is 30% of the pond water, the water quality is kept fresh, the starting time of the aerator is guaranteed to be 4-6h in the daytime, and the aerator is started in the whole course of rainy days and nights.
(6) Accurate nutrition and feeding of feed
During the first-season cultivation, the water temperature is about 18-28 ℃, the crayfish fry stage (below 15 g), the daily feeding amount accounts for 3.0% -4.5% of the total amount of the crayfish fries, the feeding is performed once at 7-8 am, 1-2 pm and 6-7 pm every day, the secondary feeding amount accounts for 40%, 30% and 40% of the total daily feeding amount respectively, 3 times per day in total, the crayfish fries are artificially mixed with feed (special feed for the Australian crayfish), and the nutritional ingredients are as follows: 40% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.3-1.5% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber. In the crayfish breeding stage (more than 15 g), the daily feeding amount accounts for 3.0% -4.5% of the total amount of crayfish fries, the crayfish fries are fed once at 7-8 am and 6-7 pm every day, the secondary feeding amount accounts for 40% and 60% of the total daily feeding amount respectively, the total amount is 2 times per day, and the fed artificial mixed feed (the special feed for the Aohua crayfish) comprises the following nutritional ingredients: 36% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber.
During the second-season cultivation, the water temperature is about 26-32 ℃, the fry stage and the adult shrimp cultivation stage are respectively fed once at 6-7 am and 7-8 pm every day, the feeding amount of each time accounts for 40% and 60% of the total daily feeding amount, the total amount is 2 times per day, and the feed used in the fry stage and the adult shrimp cultivation stage is the same as that used in the first season.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the pond culture area in the comparative example 1 is 5.0 mu, and the shrimp larvae throwing density is 80 jin/mu.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 2 is that the shrimp seeds are thrown in the density of 100 jin/mu in the comparative example 2.
The productivity and yield of large-sized finished shrimps and farmed fish in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 1:
as can be seen from the above table, although the culture yield of the adult shrimps is improved in the comparative examples 1-2, the survival rate and the specification of the adult shrimps are obviously lower than those in the examples 1-2, more than 70% of the commercial shrimps in the examples 1-2 can reach 35-60 g/shrimp, the specifications are large and regular, so the average price of the commercial shrimps in the examples is obviously higher than that in the comparative examples 1-2, and the final income results of the examples 1-2 are also obviously higher than those in the comparative examples 1-2.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a shrimp pond: the area of the shrimp pond is controlled to be 3-10 mu, the requirement on convenient drainage is met, the pond ridge does not leak, and the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1: 2-1: 3, the water depth is 1.0-2.5m, the pool bottom is flat, and the sludge is 10-15 cm;
(2) and (3) pond airing and pond cleaning and disinfection: draining the pond water before stocking shrimp seedlings in each season, removing weeds and sludge, and exposing to the sun until the bottom of the pond is white and hard and cracked by 1-3 cm; 7-17 days before stocking the shrimp seedlings, reserving 25-30cm of water at the bottom of the pond, using 75-200kg of quicklime per mu, splashing the quicklime on the slope surfaces of the whole pond and the pond ridges after water melting, 3 days before stocking the shrimp seedlings, feeding water until the water depth is 0.8-1.0m, filtering the water by using a double-layer screen silk net when feeding water, and sterilizing the pond water by using 10-15 kg of bleaching powder per mu after feeding water;
(3) constructing an artificial aquatic plant and a biological floating bed: the manufacturing area is 10-100m2The water surface floating part is characterized in that a water spinach planting bed body formed by a plurality of horizontal net pieces close to the water surface is arranged at the top of the floating part, the area of the whole water spinach planting bed body is 60-80% of the area of the floating part, and strip-shaped net pieces and brushes extending in the vertical direction are hung below the floating part;
(4) feeding crayfish fries and fish in a sleeving manner: on the basis of sufficient preparation of the shrimp pond, the first crayfish fry is put into the pond in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, the stocking density of the fries is strictly controlled to be 30-40 jin/mu or 4000 plus 5000 pieces/mu, the specification is 80-120 jin/mu, and the crayfish fry is caught and sold from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months; the crayfish seedlings in the second season are put into the middle and last ten days of 6 months, the stocking density of the seedlings is strictly controlled to be 40-50 jin/mu or 4000-; 1 week after stocking fingerlings in each season, putting the fingerlings in intercropping;
(5) activating humic acid, microalgae and probiotics for water mixing: 2-3 days after each seedling is put, performing water adjusting and water culturing operations by adopting 2-5ppm of activated humic acid and 50-150L/mu of chlorella, and performing water adjusting and bottom changing by adopting 0.5-1.0 kg/mu of bacillus subtilis at the middle and later stages of culture;
(6) accurate nutrition and feeding of feed: feeding artificial compound feed, wherein the feed has the following nutritional components in the offspring seed stage when the crayfishes are 5-10g in average weight: 36-40% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.3-1.5% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the nutrient components of the feed used in the adult shrimp breeding stage with the weight of the crayfish of more than 15g are as follows: 32-36% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the total daily feeding amount accounts for 3.0-4.5% of the total weight of the shrimp fries, the shrimp fries are fed three times daily in the fry stage, and the adult shrimp feeding stage is fed twice daily.
2. The grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional large shrimp farming method according to claim 1, wherein the shrimp pond in step (1) is equipped with an impeller-type aerator, and the specification is 0.6-1.0 kw/mu.
3. The grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp culturing method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), pool water is drained 2 months before the shrimp seeds in the first season are placed, the shrimp seeds are exposed to light and dry and hard at the bottom of the pool for 2-3cm, the shrimp seeds are left at the bottom of the pool for 25-30cm after 15-17 days before being placed in the pool, 200kg of quick lime is used for each mu, and the shrimp seeds are splashed on the slope surfaces of the whole pool and the pool ridges after being dissolved with water; draining the pond water in the middle-upper ten days of the second-season shrimp seedlings in 6 months before the shrimp seedlings are put into the pond, insolating until the bottom of the pond is white and dry and hard and cracks for 1-2cm, reserving 25-30cm of water at the bottom of the pond 7-10 days before the shrimp seedlings are put into the pond, using 75-100kg of quicklime per mu, and splashing the quicklime on the slope surfaces of the whole pond and the pond ridges after water melting.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the floating members are made by splicing and combining PE pipes with a diameter of 5-10cm, and are circular or rectangular, the number of the floating members is one or more, and when one, the area of the floating member is 10-100m2When plural, each has an area of 1 to 9m2(ii) a The strip net is nylon net with mesh number of 10-20 meshes, length of 2-3 times of depth of aquaculture water body, width of 20-50cm, and mounting density of 5-30 strips/m2The length of the brush is 100-250cm, the length of the brush is 5-20cm, and the mounting density is 10-20 pieces/m2。
5. The grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting density of the water spinach on the water spinach planting bed in the step (3) is 20-50 holes/m22-3 strains/hole.
6. The grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp culturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crayfish fries in step (4) are crayfish fries of uniform size and strong physique cultured by a crayfish breeding and separating technology, feeding is stopped one day before the crayfish fries are caught, special crayfish fries are caught and thrown into a cage or a ground cage is placed in a fry breeding pond 4-6 o 'clock in the afternoon of the day, catching is started 10-12 o' clock in the evening of the day, the time for controlling the crayfish to enter the throwing cage or the ground cage cannot exceed 8h, and the situation that the density of the thrown cage or the ground cage is too high to cause oxygen deficiency and stress is prevented; after catching, carrying out split charging on shrimp seeds, wherein the amount of each frame of shrimp seeds is controlled to be 10-15 jin, the length, width and height of each frame of shrimp seeds are 70cm, 40cm and 20cm respectively, carrying out full spraying treatment by adopting 40-80mg/L Vc aqueous solution after split charging, reducing stress reaction of transport of the crayfish seeds, carrying out whole-course spraying moisture preservation treatment in the transport process, controlling the transport time within 4h, and before putting the seeds in the pond, soaking the seeds in 0.4% saline solution for 5-20s and then uniformly putting the seeds in the pond along the periphery of the pond.
7. The grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specifications and the number of the fish farming in step (4) are as follows: 50-100 silver carps, 30-50 bighead carps and 5-10 grass carps in the specification of 0.2-1.0 kg/tail.
8. The grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp culturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (5), in order to maintain water level and water quality during culturing, fresh water of 8-10cm is added for 1 time every 5-7 days, pond water is changed for 1 time every 15 days, the water changing amount is 30% of the pond water, the water quality is kept fresh, the starting time of the aerator is guaranteed to be 4-6h in the daytime, and the aerator is started in the whole rainy day and night.
9. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of macrobrachium nipponensis with no grass and high efficiency and cleanness according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), in the first season of cultivation, the feeding is respectively carried out once at 7-8 am, 1-2 pm and 6-7 pm every day in the seedling stage, the secondary feeding amounts respectively account for 40%, 30% and 40% of the total daily feeding amount, and once at 7-8 am and 6-7 pm every day in the adult shrimp cultivation stage, the secondary feeding amounts respectively account for 40% and 60% of the total daily feeding amount; in the second season, the fry stage and the adult shrimp culturing stage are respectively fed once at 6-7 am and 7-8 pm every day, and the feeding amount of each time accounts for 40% and 60% of the total feeding amount of each day.
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Application publication date: 20211001 |
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