CN112655599A - Method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries; comprises the environment condition of seedling culture; seedling preparation work; laying egg density; feeding management; regulating and controlling the water quality; wherein, the feeding management comprises the following steps: when an individual with a body length of more than 19mm is found in the juvenile stage of 18-29 days, chironomus larvae with the density of 1/ml are thrown in, firstly, chironomus larvae are thrown in the juvenile stage, and the chironomus larvae act in water to attract the attention of fish fries and prey on the fish fries, so that the phenomenon of cannibalism is reduced; then physically isolating the young fishes of various body types through screening, and further reducing the mutual killing phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries.
Background
Chinese patent discloses an industrial artificial breeding method for epinephelus lanceolatus, with patent number 200910247115.X, wherein the records are as follows: 1. seedling environment condition, 2, seedling preparation work, 3, egg laying density, 4, feeding management and 5, water quality regulation and control. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the method for breeding the epinephelus lanceolatus fries, the fries grow fast, the survival rate is high, and the influence of external natural conditions is small.
The technical scheme has the following defects that: the phenomenon of self-killing of fish fries from the juvenile stage is not considered.
Compared with other sea fishes, the epinephelus lanceolatus has serious phenomena of mutual killing and ingestion among the same species, and the epinephelus lanceolatus begins to swallow and attack the same species when the body length reaches 19 mm. Because the density of artificial breeding is much higher than that of field natural breeding, if the breeding personnel do not pay attention to the density, the serious accident that most of the fry are eaten by the same kind can be caused, and the breeding yield is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a culture method for reducing mutual killing and swallowing of epinephelus lanceolatus larvae.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling growing environmental conditions;
s2, seedling preparation;
s3, egg laying density;
s4, feeding management;
s5, regulating and controlling water quality;
wherein, the feeding management comprises the following steps:
strictly controlling the type and quantity of baits according to the caliber size and the nutritional requirement of the fry at each stage;
a. fry stage 1-20 days old
Fry 1-3 days old in the early stage: feeding is not needed; 3-10 days old later-stage fry: the larval fish starter eats micro organisms cultured in a nursery pond, and 100-200 protozoa/ml are used as starter organism baits; the total density of the rotifers filtered by the 150-mesh bolting silk net is kept to be 25-45/ml; 8-20 days old: feeding rotifers with the density of 25-45/ml, feeding copepod nauplii, larvae and a small amount of adults with the density of 5-10/ml; feeding for 6 times every day, wherein the feeding time for the rotifers is about 12 days;
b. the juvenile fish stage is 18-29 days old
Feeding copepods nauplii, copepods larvae, copepods adults, artemia larvae and naked fleas with the density of 5-10 per ml and the residual bait of 0.5-2 per ml; feeding for 4 times every day, wherein the feeding time is about 20 times; when an individual with the body length of more than 19mm is found, chironomus larvas are thrown into the culture medium, the density is 1/ml, and the organism is the organism closest to the body type and the activity posture of the cultured fish in the current period in nature, so that the swallowed objects of part of young fishes become chironomus larvas, and the cannibalism is reduced;
c. the young fish stage is 27-35 days old
After the dorsal spine and the ventral spine contract, the spine and the ventral spine are screened regularly, and the feed is raised in a unified specification, so that the cannibalism is reduced; feeding copepods, naked fleas, artemia adults, shrimp nauplii or shrimps; and feeding the shrimps or minced fillets for 4-6 times every day when the fry grows to 3-5 cm.
Wherein, the environmental condition of growing seedlings in step one includes cement cultivation pond and the environmental load aspect of growing seedlings, and the requirement of cement cultivation pond is: a rectangular cement pond with the area of 15-35 m & lt 2 & gt, an arc angle, smooth pond bottom and pond wall and the pond depth of 1.3-1.5 m; the seedling environment requirements are as follows: 4-6 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 7.8-8.5 of pH value, 28-35 of salinity, 24-35 ℃ of water temperature, 2000-15000 lx of illumination intensity, indoor construction of controllable dimming facilities and good ventilation conditions of a seedling raising room.
Wherein, the preparation work of raising seedlings in the step two comprises cleaning and the cultivation of larval fish starter feed, and the cleaning comprises the following steps: cleaning, disinfecting a seedling raising pool, adding strong chlorine or potassium permanganate into water to be sprayed into the whole pool, performing dosage and usage according to NY 5071 rules, washing and draining after soaking, and airing the pool; culturing the starter feed for the larval fish: injecting new water 80-100 cm two days before egg laying, filtering with a 200-mesh bolting silk net, adding 50-100L chlorella liquid with the concentration of 1 multiplied by 107 per ml per cubic meter of seawater, concentrating 20-30 ml of marine yeast, inoculating protozoa, sieving with a 300-mesh bolting silk net, and slightly inflating, wherein 1 air stone is arranged in each square meter of the pool for oxygenation.
Wherein, the egg laying density in the third step is 2-3 ten thousand eggs per cubic meter.
The water quality regulation and control method in the fifth step comprises the following steps:
a. early fry
Without adding water, 100L of chlorella solution with the concentration of 1 × 107/ml is introduced;
b. late stage fry
Adding 2-3 cm of seawater every day, introducing 100L of chlorella solution with the concentration of 1 × 107/ml, adding photosynthetic bacteria, and slightly increasing aeration;
c. in the juvenile stage
The total water change amount is 30-80% every day, the water is drained first and then added, the seawater is slowly added, the chlorella liquid is introduced to keep a certain water color, the photosynthetic bacteria are added, and the aeration is slightly increased; starting to suck the sewage by a siphon method;
d. during juvenile fish period
After 24 hours, the flowing water is changed by 100-300 percent, the chlorella liquid is introduced, the water quality is kept stable and the nutrition of the biological bait is kept, and the bottom dirt is sucked off every other day by a siphon method.
Furthermore, plastic hoses are laid around the cement cultivation pool, air pipes are separated every 3 m, and then the cement cultivation pool is filled with aerated stones, and two aerator machines are arranged along the diagonal line of the cement cultivation pool, wherein the power is at least 0.75 kilowatt.
Furthermore, before the cement cultivation pond is used, the cement cultivation pond is exposed to the sun and is disinfected by bleaching powder, then water is fed into the cement cultivation pond to cultivate biological bait, water fed into the cement cultivation pond is subjected to sand filtration, the biological bait is cultivated by first water feeding and fertilization, chlorella is put into the cement cultivation pond, and the pond water is light green after 3 days of cultivation.
Further, after the fry are hatched, sampling and measuring the body length of the fish at eight pm every day, and checking the digestive tract condition and the food type and quantity through dissection, so that the health condition and the eating condition of the fry are mastered, and the breeding scheme is adjusted in time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, chironomus larvae are thrown into the larvae in the juvenile fish stage, and the chironomus larvae act in water to attract the attention of the fish fries and prey on the fish fries, so that the phenomenon of cannibalism of the same species is reduced; then physically isolating the young fishes of various body types through screening, and further reducing the mutual killing phenomenon.
Detailed Description
The following is further described in conjunction with the detailed description:
example 1
A method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling growing environmental conditions;
wherein, the environmental condition of growing seedlings in step one includes cement cultivation pond and the environmental load aspect of growing seedlings, and the requirement of cement cultivation pond is: a rectangular cement pond with the area of 15-35 m & lt 2 & gt, an arc angle, smooth pond bottom and pond wall and the pond depth of 1.3-1.5 m; the seedling environment requirements are as follows: 4-6 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 7.8-8.5 of pH value, 28-35 of salinity, 24-35 ℃ of water temperature, 2000-15000 lx of illumination intensity, indoor construction of controllable dimming facilities and good ventilation conditions of a seedling raising room. Plastic hoses are laid around the cement cultivation pool, air pipes are separated every 3 m, and then the cement cultivation pool is filled with aerated stones, and the cement cultivation pool is provided with two aerator along the diagonal line, namely the aerator, and the power is at least 0.75 kilowatt. Before the cement cultivation pond is used, the water in the pond is subjected to solarization and disinfection treatment by bleaching powder, then water is fed to cultivate biological bait, the water fed into the pond is subjected to sand filtration treatment, the water is fed for the first time to fertilize and cultivate the biological bait, chlorella is put into the pond, and the water in the pond is light green after 3 days of cultivation.
s2, seedling preparation;
wherein, the preparation work of raising seedlings in the step two comprises cleaning and the cultivation of larval fish starter feed, and the cleaning comprises the following steps: cleaning, disinfecting a seedling raising pool, adding strong chlorine or potassium permanganate into water to be sprayed into the whole pool, performing dosage and usage according to NY 5071 rules, washing and draining after soaking, and airing the pool; culturing the starter feed for the larval fish: injecting new water 80-100 cm two days before egg laying, filtering with a 200-mesh bolting silk net, adding 50-100L chlorella liquid with the concentration of 1 multiplied by 107 per ml per cubic meter of seawater, concentrating 20-30 ml of marine yeast, inoculating protozoa, sieving with a 300-mesh bolting silk net, and slightly inflating, wherein 1 air stone is arranged in each square meter of the pool for oxygenation.
s3, egg laying density;
wherein, the egg laying density in the third step is 2-3 ten thousand eggs per cubic meter.
s4, feeding management;
wherein, the feeding management comprises the following steps:
strictly controlling the type and quantity of baits according to the caliber size and the nutritional requirement of the fry at each stage;
a. fry stage 1-20 days old
Fry 1-3 days old in the early stage: feeding is not needed; 3-10 days old later-stage fry: the larval fish starter eats micro organisms cultured in a nursery pond, and 100-200 protozoa/ml are used as starter organism baits; the total density of the rotifers filtered by the 150-mesh bolting silk net is kept to be 25-45/ml; 8-20 days old: feeding rotifers with the density of 25-45/ml, feeding copepod nauplii, larvae and a small amount of adults with the density of 5-10/ml; feeding for 6 times every day, wherein the feeding time for the rotifers is about 12 days;
b. the juvenile fish stage is 18-29 days old
Feeding copepods nauplii, copepods larvae, copepods adults, artemia larvae and naked fleas with the density of 5-10 per ml and the residual bait of 0.5-2 per ml; feeding for 4 times every day, wherein the feeding time is about 20 times; when an individual with the body length of more than 19mm is found, chironomus larvas are thrown into the culture medium, the density is 1/ml, and the organism is the organism closest to the body type and the activity posture of the cultured fish in the current period in nature, so that the swallowed objects of part of young fishes become chironomus larvas, and the cannibalism is reduced;
c. the young fish stage is 27-35 days old
After the dorsal spine and the ventral spine contract, the spine and the ventral spine are screened regularly, and the feed is raised in a unified specification, so that the cannibalism is reduced; feeding copepods, naked fleas, artemia adults, shrimp nauplii or shrimps; and feeding the shrimps or minced fillets for 4-6 times every day when the fry grows to 3-5 cm.
s5, regulating and controlling water quality;
the water quality regulation and control method in the fifth step comprises the following steps:
a. early fry
Without adding water, 100L of chlorella solution with the concentration of 1 × 107/ml is introduced;
b. late stage fry
Adding 2-3 cm of seawater every day, introducing 100L of chlorella solution with the concentration of 1 × 107/ml, adding photosynthetic bacteria, and slightly increasing aeration;
c. in the juvenile stage
The total water change amount is 30-80% every day, the water is drained first and then added, the seawater is slowly added, the chlorella liquid is introduced to keep a certain water color, the photosynthetic bacteria are added, and the aeration is slightly increased; starting to suck the sewage by a siphon method;
d. during juvenile fish period
After 24 hours, the flowing water is changed by 100-300 percent, the chlorella liquid is introduced, the water quality is kept stable and the nutrition of the biological bait is kept, and the bottom dirt is sucked off every other day by a siphon method.
After the fry is hatched, sampling and measuring the body length of the fish at eight pm every day, and checking the digestive tract condition and the food type and quantity through dissection, so that the health condition and the eating condition of the fry are mastered, and the breeding scheme is adjusted timely.
Comparative example 1
1. Seedling raising facility
The area of the fry pond is 40 meters by 60 meters, the water depth is about 2 meters, the silt geology and the cement slope protection are arranged, and the pond is provided with an air charging device and an aerator.
2. Fertilized egg source and hatching
400g of fertilized eggs (from III in the comparative example), a 3 m by 4 m by 2 m incubator was disposed in the pond, the water for incubation was treated with sand filtration, a sunshade net was disposed on the incubator, the fertilized eggs were put into the incubator for incubation, the larval fish were grown on the same day, and the incubator was sunk into the pond on the third day to allow the larval fish to enter the pond.
3. Cultivation in ponds
And starting to culture feed organisms on the third day, inoculating rotifers into the pond, and sprinkling the synbiotics to increase the number of beneficial organisms in the pond.
Beginning on day eleven, the feeding of copepods was started, except to ensure sufficient density of rotifers in the pond.
And stopping feeding rotifers twenty days, only feeding the copepods, and feeding 1 kilogram of copepods in about 1 ten thousand fries.
And putting seawater cladocera after the juvenile fish stage, and the like.
And sprinkling fresh minced fillet on the twenty-fifth day, and immediately draining and catching the juvenile fish after the juvenile fish develops.
Through test comparison:
| item | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 |
| Number of fertilized eggs put | 68*104Particle (+/-10000 particle) | 68*104Granule |
| Number of fish fry hatched | 51*104Tail | 53*104Tail |
| Hatching rate | 75％ | 77.9％ |
| Number of fish larvae | 4.4*104Tail | 1.5*104Tail |
| Survival rate of seedling | 6.4％ | 2.83％ |
Although the number of fish larvae produced in example 1 was slightly smaller, the number of fish larvae finally obtained was 3 times as large as that of comparative example 1, and it was found that the present invention has utility.
The foregoing embodiments and description have been presented only to illustrate the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling growing environmental conditions;
s2, seedling preparation;
s3, egg laying density;
s4, feeding management;
s5, regulating and controlling water quality;
wherein, the feeding management comprises the following steps:
strictly controlling the type and quantity of baits according to the caliber size and the nutritional requirement of the fry at each stage;
a. fry stage 1-20 days old
Fry 1-3 days old in the early stage: feeding is not needed; 3-10 days old later-stage fry: the larval fish starter eats micro organisms cultured in a nursery pond, and 100-200 protozoa/ml are used as starter organism baits; the total density of the rotifers filtered by the 150-mesh bolting silk net is kept to be 25-45/ml; 8-20 days old: feeding rotifers with the density of 25-45/ml, feeding copepod nauplii, larvae and a small amount of adults with the density of 5-10/ml; feeding for 6 times every day, wherein the feeding time for the rotifers is about 12 days;
b. the juvenile fish stage is 18-29 days old
Feeding copepods nauplii, copepods larvae, copepods adults, artemia larvae and naked fleas with the density of 5-10 per ml and the residual bait of 0.5-2 per ml; feeding for 4 times every day, wherein the feeding time is about 20 times; when an individual with a body length of more than 19mm is found, chironomus larvas are thrown into the feed with the density of 1 mosquito/ml;
c. the young fish stage is 27-35 days old
After the dorsal spine and the ventral spine contract, the spine and the ventral spine are screened regularly, and the feed is raised in a unified specification, so that the cannibalism is reduced; feeding copepods, naked fleas, artemia adults, shrimp nauplii or shrimps; and feeding the shrimps or minced fillets for 4-6 times every day when the fry grows to 3-5 cm.
2. The method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling raising environmental conditions in the first step comprise a cement cultivation pool and the seedling raising environmental quantity, and the cement cultivation pool has the following requirements: a rectangular cement pond with the area of 15-35 m & lt 2 & gt, an arc angle, smooth pond bottom and pond wall and the pond depth of 1.3-1.5 m; the seedling environment requirements are as follows: 4-6 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 7.8-8.5 of pH value, 28-35 of salinity, 24-35 of water temperature and 2000-15000 lx of illumination intensity.
3. The method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step two, seedling preparation work comprises cleaning and larval fish starter feed culture, wherein the cleaning comprises the following steps: cleaning, disinfecting a seedling raising pool, adding strong chlorine or potassium permanganate into water to be sprayed into the whole pool, performing dosage and usage according to NY 5071 rules, washing and draining after soaking, and airing the pool; culturing the starter feed for the larval fish: injecting new water 80-100 cm two days before egg laying, filtering with a 200-mesh bolting silk net, adding 50-100L chlorella liquid with the concentration of 1 multiplied by 107 per ml per cubic meter of seawater, concentrating 20-30 ml of marine yeast, inoculating protozoa, sieving with a 300-mesh bolting silk net, and slightly inflating, wherein 1 air stone is arranged in each square meter of the pool for oxygenation.
4. The method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the egg laying density in the third step is 2-3 ten thousand eggs/cubic meter.
5. The method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water quality regulation and control method in the fifth step comprises the following steps:
a. early fry
Without adding water, 100L of chlorella solution with the concentration of 1 × 107/ml is introduced;
b. late stage fry
Adding 2-3 cm of seawater every day, introducing 100L of chlorella solution with the concentration of 1 × 107/ml, adding photosynthetic bacteria, and slightly increasing aeration;
c. in the juvenile stage
The total water change amount is 30-80% every day, the water is drained first and then added, the seawater is slowly added, the chlorella liquid is introduced to keep a certain water color, the photosynthetic bacteria are added, and the aeration is slightly increased; starting to suck the sewage by a siphon method;
d. during juvenile fish period
After 24 hours, the flowing water is changed by 100-300 percent, the chlorella liquid is introduced, the water quality is kept stable and the nutrition of the biological bait is kept, and the bottom dirt is sucked off every other day by a siphon method.
6. The method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: plastic hoses are laid around the cement cultivation pool, air pipes are separated every 3 m, and then the cement cultivation pool is filled with aerated stones, and the cement cultivation pool is provided with two aerator along the diagonal line, namely the aerator, and the power is at least 0.75 kilowatt.
7. The method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the cement cultivation pond is used, the water in the pond is subjected to solarization and disinfection treatment by bleaching powder, then water is fed to cultivate biological bait, the water fed into the pond is subjected to sand filtration treatment, the water is fed for the first time to fertilize and cultivate the biological bait, chlorella is put into the pond, and the water in the pond is light green after 3 days of cultivation.
8. The method for cultivating epinephelus lanceolatus fries according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after hatching of the fish fries, the fish were sampled and measured for body length eight pm every day, and the digestive tract condition and the type and amount of food were checked by dissection.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113854205A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2021-12-31 | 宁德市鼎诚水产有限公司 | Large-scale fingerling ecological polyculture method for epinephelus akaara |
| CN113907022A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-01-11 | 海南绿藻世界生物科技有限公司 | Seedling raising method for incubating groupers by adopting chlorella |
| CN114762491A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-19 | 深圳市太丰东方海洋生物科技有限公司 | Industrialized seedling raising method for groupers |
| WO2022261886A1 (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-22 | 海南绿藻世界生物科技有限公司 | Fry breeding method for hatching groupers by adopting chlorella |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |