CN110999906A - Inhibitor for inhibiting worker bee oviposition in bumblebee colony, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Inhibitor for inhibiting worker bee oviposition in bumblebee colony, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an inhibitor for inhibiting worker bees in a bumblebee colony from spawning, a preparation method and application thereof. The inhibitor comprises at least one of tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane. The inhibitor belongs to the main components of the bumblebee queen pheromone, can effectively inhibit the spawning behavior of worker bees in a bumblebee colony, has obvious effects of prolonging the breeding period of the bumblebee and improving the utilization rate of the bee colony, has low cost and high cost performance, and is easy for practical application in industrial breeding of the bumblebee.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee breeding, in particular to an inhibitor for inhibiting worker bees in a bumblebee colony from laying eggs, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people in China, facility agriculture develops rapidly, especially the production of some high-end agricultural products. At present, the area of various facilities in China breaks through 400 million hectares, wherein fruits and vegetables such as solanaceous fruits, melons and fruits which need pollination account for more than 50 percent, from the production area, China is the first major country of facility gardening production in the world, but China is not a strong country of facility gardening production, such as facilities of tomatoes, cucumbers and the like in agricultural developed countries such as the Holland, Israel and the like, and the average annual output is 40000kg/667m2On the left and right, individually even up to 50000kg/667m2In the above, the average yield of the sunlight greenhouse which plays a leading role in facility production in China is only about 1/3 of the sunlight greenhouse, and moreover, the fruit quality has a certain gap, and the competitiveness is not strong in the international market. The reason is that besides the climate factors of relatively laggard crop variety breeding and cold winter and hot summer, the weak research of the matching technology is the main factor of low facility yield and low annual utilization rate in China, so the research of the crop pollination matching technology is also one of the requirements of the development of the agricultural science and technology modernization strategy.
Bumblebee is an insect belonging to the genus bumblebee (Bombus) of the superfamily Apidae (Apoidea) of the order Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera). Compared with bees, the bumblebee has the advantages of long anastomosis, large flying sound shock, strong pollen collection capability, low temperature resistance, high humidity environment resistance, poor phototaxis and the like, and is a recognized most ideal insect for greenhouse pollination.
The bumblebee is an ideal pollinating insect for greenhouse crops, and because the whole body of the bumblebee is densely covered with villi, pollen is easy to adhere to the bumblebee, thus being beneficial to pollination of crops; the bumblebee has a longer mouthpart (kiss) and is convenient for collecting deep-flower tube crops; the bumblebee is large and strong in body and has vigorous collecting power; the bumblebee can resist severe environment and has strong adaptability to low temperature, low light and high humidity in a greenhouse; the information communication system of bumblebee is underdeveloped, and can collect pollination on greenhouse (greenhouse) crops with great care, and the bumblebee flies into the greenhouse or flies out from the vent holes rarely. The bumblebee is an ideal pollinator for fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, tomatoes, sweet peppers, melons, eggplants, watermelons and the like, and particularly has a very obvious pollination effect on the tomatoes. The bumblebee is used for pollinating the crops, so that the labor force can be saved, the yield can be improved, the quality of fruits and vegetables can be improved, the rate of malformed fruits and vegetables can be reduced, the chemical pollution can be solved, and the method is an important technical measure for producing green food in modern agriculture.
The domestication and breeding process of the bumblebees in China is advanced late, and the industrial breeding of the bumblebees is completed at present, but the breeding process has the defects of a plurality of links.
In order to induce and accelerate the breeding efficiency of the bumblebee queens, the growth conditions which accord with the biological characteristics of the bumblebees and do not influence the normal development of the bumblebees are usually designed, then artificial breeding is carried out, the single-head queens are bred into commodity groups for 70-80 days, and then bee groups containing 1 head of the queens and dozens of or more worker bees are used as pollination bee groups. Therefore, in the application process, the commercial pollinated bumble bees can be produced in time generally by presetting in advance for 70-80 days, the phenomenon that the product development time is not matched with the pollination application time of the peak bee colony is very easy to occur in the process, even if the pollination is effective, only about one month is needed, and then a new pollinated bumble bee colony needs to be replaced, so that the problem of urgently needing to be solved is how to prolong the effective pollination time of the bumble bee colony.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an inhibitor for inhibiting the spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee colony, a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an inhibitor for inhibiting oviposition of worker bees in a bumblebee population, the inhibitor comprising at least one of tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane.
At present, in order to effectively apply bumblebees to pollinate in the process of industrial breeding of bumblebees, the majority of the processes are to induce and promote the spawning of a bear queen, and then the process is fed to quickly promote the growth and maturation of pollinated bee groups, wherein each group comprises a queen, a worker bee and a drone. The queen bee is responsible for breeding offspring, worker bee is responsible for feeding larva and queen bee, and the effect of male bee mainly provides the sperm with queen bee mating, but male bee will die soon after mating with the queen bee. Therefore, after inducing and promoting the spawning of the bear queen bee, the pollinated bee colony grows rapidly, the bumblebee colony vigor develops rapidly, and the bumblebee colony decays after effective pollination for about 1-2 months.
The inventor finds, through long-term practice, that the reason for the rapid decay of bumblebee pollinated bee colonies is that: the bumblebee is different from other social insects, belongs to a sub-social insect, has a life history starting from nest building after the queen bee solely overwintering, undergoes colonization, has a social group vigor increasing, and finally reaches a competition point (competition point), when the competition point is reached, worker bees start to lay eggs, some worker bees even start to strangle the queen bee, and because the worker bees are female bees with incomplete reproductive organs in the bee colony, a large number of sterile male bees leave the hive after the worker bees lay eggs, while the male bees generally do not leave the nest, but consume a large amount of feed, so that the feed of the bee colony is completely consumed, the queen bee dies, and the group vigor declines.
Therefore, the bumblebee is bred in an industrial way and undergoes the stages of individual revival, swarm formation, swarm growth, swarm failure and the like of the queen bee. The reason for the decay of the group potential in the whole breeding process is that the worker bees in the bee group lay eggs, and the rapid decay of the group potential is caused by the nest-exiting of a large number of male bees. Therefore, inhibiting the spawning behavior of the worker bees in the bumblebees becomes a main method for prolonging the breeding period of the bumblebees.
In view of the above, the inventors provide an inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee population, the inhibitor comprising at least one of tricosane, pentacosane, and heptacosane. Since tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane are main components of bumblebee queen pheromone, queen pheromone can ensure grade consciousness in bee colony and inhibit the development of worker bee ovary. A large number of researches show that tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane are main components of the bumblebee queen pheromone and have important effects on maintaining the grade system of bee colonies, inhibiting the development of worker bee ovaries and inhibiting the spawning of worker bees. Therefore, at least one of tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane is used as an inhibitor, the inhibitor can effectively inhibit the spawning behavior of worker bees in the bee colony, so that the worker bees are dedicated to the work of cleaning in the nest, taking honey and pollinating outside, and the queen bees continuously spawn, thereby not only increasing the number of the bee colony, but also keeping the pollination of the bee colony, and rapidly and efficiently improving the yield and the quality of crops.
In an alternative embodiment, the inhibitor comprises 1-12 parts of tricosane, 1-12 parts of pentacosane, and 1-3 parts of heptacosane.
In an alternative embodiment, the inhibitor comprises 4-8 parts of tricosane, 4-8 parts of pentacosane, and 1-2 parts of heptacosane.
In an alternative embodiment, the inhibitor further comprises 40-50 parts of a carrier.
In an alternative embodiment, the carrier is a powder;
preferably, the powder is worker bee edible powder;
more preferably, the powder is at least one of powdered sugar, pollen and soy protein powder. Mixing the above 3 inhibitor components such as tricosane, pentacosane, and heptacosane with solid carrier, such as at least one of powdered sugar (such as glucose, sucrose, or fructose), pollen, and protein powder, wherein the solid carrier is a favorite food of worker bee, has no influence on bumblebee population, and can be used as solid carrier of inhibitor component.
In an alternative embodiment, the carrier is a solvent;
preferably, the solvent comprises at least one of ethanol, n-hexane, and n-butane;
more preferably, the solvent is n-hexane. Dissolving the above 3 inhibitor components such as tricosane, pentacosane, and heptacosane in solvent such as at least one of ethanol, n-hexane, and n-butane, wherein n-hexane or n-butane has no influence on bumble bee population, and can be used as liquid solvent of inhibitor components.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a preparation method of the above inhibitor, including the following steps:
mixing tricosane, pentacosane, heptacosane and vehicle to obtain inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bee in bumblebee colony.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the inhibitor, the preparation process of the inhibitor is simple and easy to operate, the inhibitor can be obtained only by mixing tricosane, pentacosane, heptacosane and a carrier, and it needs to be noted that when a solvent is used as the carrier, in order to prevent agglomeration and the like in the inhibitor, a filtering operation is needed to obtain a uniform mixed solution, so that the preparation method is beneficial to subsequent feeding and application.
In a third aspect, the embodiment of the invention also provides application of the inhibitor in inhibiting the oviposition of worker bees in a bumblebee colony, and the prepared inhibitor is fed to the bee colony in the breeding period in the industrial bumblebee breeding.
In alternative embodiments, the feeding time is 40-50 days after the queen bee is stored at low temperature, or 25-35 days after the queen bee is stored in a group.
The embodiment of the invention provides application of an inhibitor for inhibiting worker bees in a bumblebee colony from spawning, wherein the inhibitor is applied 40-50 days after queen bee low-temperature storage is finished, or 25-35 days after queen bee colony formation. This is due to: the swarm has long time for swarm, the bees lay eggs in fifteen days approximately, the first worker bees come out of the hive in twenty-five days approximately, and the number of worker bees reaches more than one hundred in thirty days, therefore, as an optimal mode, the worker bees can grow into mature individuals to undertake work such as hatching eggs, feeding larvae, maintaining nest temperature and the like after the queen bee is stored at low temperature for 45 days, or the worker bees start to use after the queen bee is clustered for 30 days, meanwhile, the inhibitor can effectively inhibit the spawning behavior of the worker bees, the aim of inhibiting the spawning of the worker bees is fulfilled, the worker bees can exercise their own duties in a special position, the main special position of the queen bee lays eggs, the swarm vigor of the swarm is continuously increased, the pollination yield of the bumblebee can be increased, the pollination time of the bees can be prolonged, the pollination efficiency is greatly improved, the bumblebee is utilized for greenhouse pollination, the yield of fruits and vegetables can be improved, but also can improve the quality of the product, and more importantly, can reduce hormone pollution caused by chemical methods. The commercial bumblebee product brings wide prospect for pollination of facility crops.
In an alternative embodiment, the use comprises: when the solvent is used as a carrier, the inhibitor is added into a cotton core of a bumblebee feeder, or is diluted to be prepared into a spray which is directly sprayed on the inner wall of a beehive;
preferably, the inhibitor is added to the cotton core in an amount of 5-10 microliter per group per day; when the inhibitor is prepared into spray, the inhibitor is diluted by 100 times, and the feeding amount is 7-10 ml per week.
In an alternative embodiment, the use comprises: when the powder is used as a carrier, the inhibitor is added into a bumblebee feeder,
preferably, the powder is used in an amount of 70-90% by weight of the inhibitor, and the inhibitor is used in an amount of 0.1-1 g.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an inhibitor for inhibiting worker bees in a bumblebee colony from spawning, a preparation method and application thereof. The inhibitor comprises 1-12 parts of tricosane, 1-12 parts of pentacosane and 1-3 parts of heptacosane. The inhibitor belongs to the main components of the bumblebee queen pheromone, can effectively inhibit the spawning behavior of worker bees in a bumblebee colony, has obvious effects of prolonging the breeding period of the bumblebee and improving the utilization rate of the bee colony, has low cost, high cost performance and simple and reasonable production process, and is easy to be practically applied to industrial breeding of the bumblebee.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides an inhibitor for inhibiting the spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee colony, which comprises at least one of tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane.
Firstly, the inhibition effect of a single substance is preliminarily determined, and a basis is provided for subsequent reagent combination configuration.
TABLE 1 inhibitory Effect of the test substances
As can be seen from Table 1, the addition of the test components has certain inhibiting effect on the oviposition of the worker bombus, the inhibiting effect of the tricosane and the pentacosane is the best when the addition amount is 4-8 parts, and the inhibiting effect of the heptacosane is the best when the addition amount is 1-2 parts. And the addition of the solvents n-butane and n-hexane has no inhibiting effect basically.
On the basis of the previous period, one or more of tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane is selected as an additive amount to prepare an inhibitor for inhibiting the spawning of worker bees in the bumblebee colony, and the following table 2 is a formula table in the embodiments 1 to 6 of the invention:
TABLE 2 prescription Table
Note: the control group did not contain any substance.
The inhibitor for inhibiting worker bees in the bumblebee colony bodies in the above examples 1 to 6 was applied to the breeding process of bumblebees with the bright bumblebee colony in the bumblebee breeding field of the scientific research institute of bee in the Jilin province as a test colony, and the day-to-day age of the worker bee oviposition phenomenon was compared among the test colonies, and the inhibition effect was shown in the following Table 3:
TABLE 3 inhibition of worker bee oviposition Effect
As can be seen from table 3, the inhibition effect is affected by reducing the types of the ingredients in the formulation, and the inhibition effect is: the formula of three components > the formula of two components > the formula of one component > the control group.
On the basis of the former stage, one or more of tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane is selected as an additive, and the inhibition effect is not weakened after the use amount is excessive, but certain adverse effect is possibly caused on the time of queen bee breeding of bee colonies, which is shown in tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 4 formula table
TABLE 5 influence of reduction of component species on the inhibitory Effect
As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, the inhibitor component provided in the examples of the present invention, when used in excess, has a certain inhibitory effect on the spawning phenomenon of worker bees in the bee colony, but tends to prolong the breeding time of offspring queen in the bee colony, and to have a certain effect on the grouping and generation breeding in the bumblebee colony.
1-12 parts of tricosane, 1-12 parts of pentacosane and 1-3 parts of heptacosane are selected as additives to prepare the inhibitor for inhibiting the spawning of worker bees in the bumblebee colony, and the following table 6 is a formula table in examples 9-16 of the invention:
TABLE 6 prescription Table
The inhibitor for inhibiting the worker bees in the bumblebee colony bodies in the above examples 9 to 16 was applied to the breeding process of the bumblebees with the bright bumblebee colony in the bumblebee breeding field of the scientific research institute of bee in the Jilin province as a test colony, and the day-age of the worker bee oviposition phenomenon in each test group was compared, and the inhibition effect was as shown in the following table 7:
TABLE 7 inhibition of worker bee oviposition Effect
As can be seen from table 7: through the practical application of the inhibitor for inhibiting the spawning of worker bees in the bumblebee population, the spawning phenomenon of the worker bees in the bright bumblebee population is effectively inhibited, and the inhibition effect is expressed as the delay of the day age of the spawning of the worker bees in the population, wherein the inhibition effect of example 11 is the best.
Example 17
A preparation method of an inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee colony comprises the following steps:
the inhibitor for inhibiting the spawning of worker bees in the bumblebee colony is prepared by weighing and mixing tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane according to the formula and the dosage, adding a solvent, and filtering.
The addition time is 45 days after the queen bee is stored at low temperature, or 30 days after the queen bee is clustered.
Based on example 3, the dosage and the application mode are compared, and the specific comparison result is shown in table 8:
TABLE 8 comparison of inhibitor dosages and modes of use
Comparing the dosage and the mode of application of the inhibitor for inhibiting the oviposition of the worker bees in the bumblebee colony, it can be found that the best effect is 5 microliters or more per colony of cotton cores per day, but the addition amount of 12 microliters is not much different from the addition amount of 10 microliters, and from the viewpoint of cost saving, the addition amount of 5-10 microliters per colony per day is recommended. The best effect of spraying the box wall once per week is more than 7 ml, and from the perspective of saving cost, the addition amount of each group per week is recommended to be 7-10 ml.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides an inhibitor for inhibiting the oviposition of worker bees in a bumblebee colony, a preparation method and an application thereof. The inhibitor comprises at least one of tricosane, pentacosane and heptacosane. The inhibitor for inhibiting the worker bees in the bumblebee colony from spawning has low cost, high cost performance and simple and reasonable production process, can effectively inhibit the worker bees in the bumblebee colony from spawning, has obvious effects on prolonging the breeding period of the bumblebees and improving the utilization rate of the bee colony, is easy for practical application in industrial breeding of the bumblebees, plays an important role in promoting the development of the breeding industry of the bumblebees and accelerating the popularization and application of the bumblebees to the crop pollination technology, and has considerable economic benefits and immeasurable social benefits.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An inhibitor for inhibiting oviposition of worker bees within a swarm of bumblebees, wherein the inhibitor comprises at least one of tricosane, pentacosane, and heptacosane.
2. The inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee population according to claim 1, which comprises 1 to 12 parts of tricosane, 1 to 12 parts of pentacosane and 1 to 3 parts of heptacosane.
3. The inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee population according to claim 1, which comprises 4 to 8 parts of tricosane, 4 to 8 parts of pentacosane and 1 to 2 parts of heptacosane.
4. The inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee population according to claim 1, which further comprises 30 to 50 parts of a carrier.
5. The inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee population according to claim 4, wherein the carrier is a powder;
preferably, the powder is worker bee edible powder;
more preferably, the powder includes at least one of powdered sugar, pollen, and soy protein powder.
6. The inhibitor for inhibiting spawning of worker bees in a bumblebee population according to claim 4, wherein the carrier is a solvent;
preferably, the solvent comprises at least one of ethanol, n-hexane, and n-butane;
more preferably, the solvent is n-hexane.
7. A method for preparing the inhibitor for inhibiting the oviposition of worker bees in a bumblebee population according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the steps of:
and mixing the tricosane, the pentacosane, the heptacosane and the carrier to prepare the inhibitor.
8. The use of the inhibitor for inhibiting the oviposition of worker bees in a bumblebee population according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the inhibitor for inhibiting the oviposition of worker bees in a bumblebee population prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the inhibitor is fed to a bee population in a breeding stage in an industrial bumblebee breeding.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the feeding time is 40-50 days after the cold storage of queen bees, or 25-35 days after the swarms are clustered.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein said using comprises: when the solvent is used as a carrier, the inhibitor is added into a cotton core of a bumblebee feeder, or is diluted to be prepared into a spray which is directly sprayed on the inner wall of a beehive; or when powder is used as a carrier, the inhibitor is added into a bumblebee feeder;
preferably, the inhibitor is added to the cotton core in an amount of 5-10 microliter per group per day; when the inhibitor is prepared into a spray, the inhibitor is diluted by 100 times, and the feeding amount is 7-10 ml per week;
preferably, the powder is used in an amount of 70-90% of the amount of the inhibitor, and the amount of the inhibitor is 0.1-1 g.
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| WO2022144020A1 (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-07-07 | 中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心 | Mosquito sex pheromone and application thereof in mosquito control |
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