CN108477075A - A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony - Google Patents
A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony Download PDFInfo
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- CN108477075A CN108477075A CN201810189120.9A CN201810189120A CN108477075A CN 108477075 A CN108477075 A CN 108477075A CN 201810189120 A CN201810189120 A CN 201810189120A CN 108477075 A CN108477075 A CN 108477075A
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- bee colony
- bee
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- king
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Abstract
A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony; it is related to honeybee pollination technology, the present invention is in order to solve no king bee colony riot, when setting up pollination bee colony; effect of the queen bee in bee colony is replaced using existing queen pheromone product, to maintain bee colony normal activity.The step of the present invention is as follows：(1) bee colony is bred using single king or double king bee colonies, carries out bee colony growth；(2) it determines pollination bee colony quantity according to pollination area size, source bee colony is separated into part, is formed and loses Wang Qun；(3) second and third spleen mid-mounting queen pheromone piece in the bee colony newly set up forms honeybee without king pollination bee colony；(4) bee colony feeding sugar refinery, syrup, honey, configuration in every 5~7 days is primary, feeds a small amount of larva, keeps acquisition enthusiasm；(5) 2~3 days before pollination ground flowering of plant, the bee colony that will pollinate at dusk without king moves in pollination ground.The present invention is cultivated applied to facility fruits and vegetables, has the advantages of at low cost, operation is simple.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to honeybee pollination technical fields, and in particular to a kind of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony
Method.
Background technology
Honeybee is advanced social insect, lives gregarious life.Honeybee can not only provide a large amount of, full of nutrition for the mankind
Plurality kinds of health care bee product, what is more important honeybee pollination to improve crop yield, improve fruit quality and maintain biology
Diversity, protecting ecology balance aspect have a very important role.
Facility crops are the new high-tech industries to be formed that relies on scientific and technological advances.Crops refer to each plantation agriculturally cultivated
Object, including cereal crops, industrial crops (oil plant, fruits and vegetables, hobby crop), forage crop, medicinal crop, crop etc..If
The crops that crops refer to industrialized agriculture (attached-greenhouse, heliogreenhouse, vinyl house and Small plastic shed) cultivation are applied, with vegetables, melon
Based on fruit and flowers etc..
Pollination technique is one of the important supporting technology of facility crops development.Past, pollination technique mainly use artificial
Dipping in the methods of flower, mechanical shock and HORMONE TREATMENT promotes crops to bear fruit.Though these methods have certain effect, all there is
Different drawbacks, as not only time-consuming in manually dipped in flower, labor intensity is big, and fruit-setting rate is low, and malformed fruit rate is high；Mechanical shock
Opposite saving of labor, but Pollination Effect is undesirable, needs daily fixed cycle operator, be easy to cause plant stalk scar, causes disease infection；
HORMONE TREATMENT is ideal on increasing yield, but fruit quality is poor, and malformed fruit rate is high, hormone can be caused to pollute, influence to consume
The health of person.Therefore, scientists study both domestic and external applies honeybee pollination technology in facility crops.By continuous
Demonstration and application are promoted, application of the honeybee pollination technology in facility fruits and vegetables cultivation technique has won initial success, increasing both production and income effect
Fruit is notable.
Honeybee, which is crops pollination, to be had the effect of increasing yield and raising quality, at home and abroad various simulation experiments
In be confirmed that.In recent ten years, honeybee pollination works and is rapidly developed.Crop field fruit tree uses honeybee pollination expense one
As be 100~150 yuan/case, due to facility pollination be affected to honeybee, facility fruits and vegetables cultivation it is costly, about
200~400 yuan/case.
Honeybee system social insect, a normal bee colony have a queen bee, tens or hundreds of drones, thousands of or tens of thousands of
Worker bee, queen bee is queen bee, specially department's oviposition work；Drone occurs in breeding period, mates with the virgin of heat；Worker bee is in bee
Quantity is most in group, is responsible for the work such as the acquisition nectar pollen of bee colony, nurture, guard.Worker bee is the female of Reproductive Performance degeneration
Property bee, when having queen bee in bee colony, queen bee, which secretes a kind of pheromone, can inhibit the development of worker bee ovary, worker bee that cannot lay eggs, but
When losing queen bee in bee colony, worker bee ovary is just developed, and the fertilized eggs or small grub worker cell on bundle spleen transform royal cell as, and
Give that special food is this to build royal cell behavior until losing queen consort 8~10 days.After no king bee colony loses queen bee 10 days, part ovum
The worker bee of nest development starts to lay eggs, but worker bees laying eggs are irregular, dispersion, and majority production produces the ovum east in lair on lair wall
Western askew, very chaotic, moreover, a lair may occur in which more worker bees laying eggs, worker bee egg development is at the few of drone, Er Qieyou
In more worker bees laying eggs, corresponding bee quantity of feeding increases, and bee quantity of turning out for work will be reduced.
In order to reduce pollination cost, grope the effective way of high efficiency, low cost, it is the florescence to have tried to use without Wang Qun bees
The crop of shorter (5~7 days) pollinates, and expense can be down to 100 yuan or so.It is carried out without king bee colony however, it is necessary to will withdraw from time
Last processing, then moving into honey has the place in powder source, is bred with being merged by king bee colony or forming new mating group.With
Mistake king's time increases, and honeybee loss increases, it is difficult to other bee colony merging treatments.
If under the premise of artificially not changing normal bee colony composed structure, both keep the acquisition flower of pollination bee colony positive
Property, and pollination bee colony hiring cost can be reduced, it will accelerate the popularization and application paces of facility crops honeybee pollination technology.
The researchs such as woods life are thought more than Agricultural University Of Anhui：Bee colony once loses queen bee, also just loses queen pheromone,
Riot just has occurred in bee colony, easily bites people, therewith worker honeybees foraging activity, educate worm, make the Activities such as spleen and weaken rapidly, the rate of attendance declines
36.5~48.3%, acquisition power reduces.Worker bee, until cultivating new queen bee, could restore normal actively to build based on royal cell
Orders of life.No king bee bee colony Pollination Effect has not only been worse than king bee bee colony, but also bee colony quantity is as the time is under gradually
Drop, eventually results in the destruction of group.
So-called " queen pheromone " is upper frontal gland secretion (the gueen's mandibular gland of queen bee
pheromone).The every nook and cranny of bee colony is transmitted to when worker bee feeds queen bee, it is artificial educate king, control swarmming, the transport of cage bee,
There is following effect in catching swarmming group etc..
1, aggtegation：Chaotic, the most of worker bee of honeybee generation occurred when swarmming in honeycomb is slack in work, in the air disorderly
Fly.At this moment, if there is queen bee and release pheromone, honeybee will be gathered in around queen bee rapidly, a big point is quickly formed
Bee group.
2, inhibit the worker bee development of ovary：Queen pheromone acts on the neuroendocrine system of worker bee, makes the physiology of worker bee
It changes, is most significantly exactly to inhibit the worker bee development of ovary, make acquisition that he feels at ease, foster young honeybee, actively put into production.Such as
When not having a queen bee in fruit wasp group or when the amount deficiency of pheromones, worker bee ovary germinates and lays eggs, and life is lost from this bee colony
Production capacity power.
3, sex inducement：Virgin king, by maxilla glandular secretion such information element, for predicting drone, is intended to friendship of circling in the air in oestrus
Tail, virgin king press forward flight when and release pheromone, attract drone fly to accumulation regions, physically fit drone chases after first
Upper queen bee mates with it.
4, calm, stable effect：Queen bee and worker bee interdependence in honeycomb, together, they share out the work and help one another community life,
Each performs its own functions, and shows the very high sense of organizational discipline, makees this is because queen pheromone plays bee colony behavior to adjust and control
With bee colony can be made calm, keep stable order.When losing queen bee in bee colony, worker bee can find to lose king, bee losing king in 10 hours
Worker bee is in great confusion in group, does not acquire and does not work, into disordered state.
Queen pheromone has air-flow to propagate and contact two kinds of transmission.Air borne acts in the diffusion of pheromones to be compared
Small, main cause is that the chemical composition volatility of pheromones is weaker.Major part is in direct contact with worker bee to pass by queen bee
It passs.Worker bee can obtain pheromones at any position of queen bee body, and be contacted by the feeler between worker bee directly to propagate.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the prior art, a kind of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee is provided
The method of group, when solving to pollinate for florescence shorter fruit trees and vegetables using no Wang Qun bees, bee colony easily occurs under riot, the rate of attendance
Drop, the technical problem of Pollination Effect difference.
The present invention maintains normal bee colony acquisition power to be utilized when setting up pollination bee colony to solve no king bee colony riot
Existing queen pheromone product (artificial synthesized queen pheromone piece), instead of effect of the queen bee in bee colony, to maintain bee colony
Normal activity.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony, is as follows：
(1) source swarm breeding：Bee colony is bred using single king or double king bee colonies, stimulating feeding carries out bee colony growth；
(2) pollination bee colony is set up：Pollination bee colony quantity is determined according to pollination area size, and part honey is separated from the bee colony of source
Bee forms and loses Wang Qun；
(3) queen pheromone is added：Second and third spleen mid-mounting queen pheromone piece in the bee colony newly set up, then
With sprayer information plain piece and around spray mulse, that is, formed a honeybee pollination bee colony；
(4) feed configures：Bee colony feeds sugar refinery, syrup or honey, and configuration in every 5~7 days is primary, if with son in bee colony
Spleen, early period can feed a small amount of pollen, if s.m.p spleen can not flower feeding powder, to keep foraging；
(5) pollination bee colony enters pollination ground：2~3 days before pollination ground flowering of plant, the pollination bee colony of establishment is moved at dusk
Pollination ground determines according to pollination ground area, plant variety, control measure and places bee colony position.
Further, the step (1) selects source bee colony：Normal bee of the selection based on young bee and childhood bee as needed
Group, non-communicable disease, young bee, childhood bee account for 55% or more of breeding bee colony, as basic bee colony of the establishment without king bee colony.
Further, step (2) bee colony is set up：Determine pollination bee colony quantity according to pollination area size, in early spring and
Big nectar flow, can propose that bee spleen directly sets up new group from several source bee colonies, and general 5 spleen bee colony includes 2 sub- spleens, 2 feeds
Spleen, an empty spleen.
The present invention is when setting up pollination bee colony, due to using queen pheromone composition pollination bee colony, overcoming no Wang Qun and disturbing
Disorderly, worker bee slow down, the unhealthy emotions such as the worker bee development of ovary, normal bee colony acquisition power, the pollination for bee colony of bringing into normal play can be maintained
Effect；Due to utilizing existing queen pheromone product (using the queen pheromone piece of slow release method synthesis) instead of queen bee in bee
Effect in group, not only avoided no king bee colony disturbance it is uneasy the defects of, but also can be without carrying out manually cultivating queen bee in advance
Or in the case of deposit queen bee, stable pollination bee colony is provided for pollination industry, greatly reducing pollination cost, (about 100 yuan/case is left
It is right).
The present invention is cultivated applied to facility fruits and vegetables, has the advantages of at low cost, operation is simple.
Specific implementation mode
Clear, complete description will be carried out to technical scheme of the present invention by embodiment below.
Embodiment one：
A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony, is as follows：
(1) source swarm breeding：Bee colony is bred using single king or double king bee colonies, selection is with young bee and childhood bee as needed
Based on normal bee colony, non-communicable disease, young bee, childhood bee account for breeding bee colony 55% or more, as set up pollinate bee
The basic bee colony of group, stimulating feeding carry out bee colony growth, about 40 days or so time；
(2) pollination bee colony is set up：Pollination bee colony quantity is determined according to pollination area size, it can be in early spring and big nectar flow
It proposes that bee spleen directly sets up new group from several source bee colonies, and includes 2 without taking special treatment method, general 5 spleen bee colony
Sub- spleen, 2 have feed spleen, an empty spleen not bring the queen bee of source group into new set up in bee colony；
(3) queen pheromone is added：In second and third spleen mid-mounting queen pheromone piece of the bee colony newly set up, then use
Sprayer information plain piece and around spray mulse, in order to new bee colony receive, that is, formed a honeybee pollination bee colony, can meet
One 667M2The pollination of greenhouse needs；
(4) feed configures：Bee colony feeds sugar refinery, syrup or honey, and configuration in every 5~7 days is primary, if with son in bee colony
Spleen, early period can feed a small amount of pollen, if s.m.p spleen can not flower feeding powder, help feeds larva, keeps acquisition enthusiasm；
(5) pollination bee colony enters pollination ground：2~3 days before the fruits and vegetables such as strawberry, cherry, muskmelon are bloomed, bee colony is removed at dusk
Enter pollination ground, according to pollination ground area, control measure, determine and place bee colony position, pollinates compared with small area pollination in protecting field
When, the special beehive of small-sized pollination can be used.
Embodiment two：
A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony, is as follows：
(1) source swarm breeding：Bee colony is bred using single king or double king bee colonies, stimulating feeding carries out bee colony growth, and the time is about
40 days or so；
(2) pollination bee colony is set up：Pollination bee colony quantity is determined according to pollination area size, and the queen bee of source bee colony is directly taken
It walks, is used for other groups or newly-built bee colony；
(3) queen pheromone is added：In second and third spleen mid-mounting queen pheromone piece of the bee colony newly set up, then use
Sprayer information plain piece and around spray mulse, convenient for new bee colony receive, that is, formed a honeybee pollination bee colony；
(4) feed configures：Bee colony can feed sugar refinery, syrup or honey, and configuration in every 5~7 days is primary, can feed early period on a small quantity
A small amount of larva is fed in pollen or non-flower feeding powder, help, keeps acquisition enthusiasm；
(5) pollination bee colony enters pollination ground：Tomato, cucumber etc. bloom before 2~3 days, pollination bee colony is moved in and awards at dusk
Powder, according to pollination ground area, control measure, determines and place bee colony position and apart from ground level.
Embodiment three：
A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony, is as follows：
(1) source swarm breeding：Bee colony is bred using single king or double king bee colonies, stimulating feeding carries out bee colony growth；
(2) pollination bee colony is set up：Pollination bee colony quantity is determined according to pollination area size, and source bee colony honeybee is separated one
Point, it is formed and loses Wang Qun；
(3) queen pheromone is added：In second and third spleen mid-mounting queen pheromone piece of the bee colony newly set up, then use
Sprayer information plain piece and around spray mulse, in order to new bee colony receive, that is, formed a honeybee pollination bee colony；
(4) feed configures：Bee colony can feed sugar refinery, syrup or honey, and configuration in every 5~7 days is primary, can feed early period on a small quantity
Pollen or non-flower feeding powder feed a small amount of larva, keep acquisition enthusiasm；
(5) pollination bee colony enters pollination ground：Celery and rape bloom before 2~3 days, at dusk by bee colony move in pollination ground, root
According to pollination ground area, control measure, determines and place bee colony position.
The childhood bee refers to sprouting wings the honeybee of 1~8 age in days of room, newly go out room 3~5 age in days of young honeybee start nest make it is short
The flight of time, repeatedly recognize nest circle in the air and for the first time row rush down.
The youth bee refers to the honeybee of 8~20 ages in days, undertakes groundwork in nest.Major part is in two, three weeks
The outer collecting work of nest is participated in later, and hereafter they belong to acquisition bee.
The present invention can in a variety of forms be embodied without departing from the scope of the present invention, it should be understood that above-described embodiment
It is not limited to details above-mentioned, and should widely be explained in claim limited range.It should be pointed out that being led for this technology
For the those of ordinary skill in domain, under the premise of not departing from structure of the invention, the improvement and variation made also should be regarded as the present invention
Protection domain.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony, is as follows：
(1) source swarm breeding：Bee colony is bred using single king or double king bee colonies, stimulating feeding carries out bee colony growth；
(2) pollination bee colony is set up：Pollination bee colony quantity is determined according to pollination area size, and part honeybee is separated from the bee colony of source,
It is formed and loses Wang Qun；
(3) queen pheromone is added：Second and third spleen mid-mounting queen pheromone piece in the bee colony newly set up, then with spray
Day with fog information plain piece and around spray mulse, that is, formed a honeybee pollination bee colony；
(4) feed configures：Bee colony feeds sugar refinery, syrup or honey, and configuration in every 5~7 days is primary, if carrying sub- spleen in bee colony,
Early period can feed a small amount of pollen, if s.m.p spleen can not flower feeding powder, to keep foraging；
(5) pollination bee colony enters pollination ground：2~3 days before pollination ground flowering of plant, the pollination bee colony of establishment is moved in into pollination at dusk
Ground determines according to pollination ground area, plant variety, control measure and places bee colony position.
2. a kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony according to claim 1, step (1) choosing
Select source bee colony：Normal bee colony of the selection based on young bee and childhood bee as needed, non-communicable disease, young bee, childhood
Bee accounts for 55% or more of breeding bee colony, as basic bee colony of the establishment without king bee colony.
3. a kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony according to claim 1, step (2) bee
Group builds：Pollination bee colony quantity is determined according to pollination area size, can be carried from several source bee colonies in early spring and big nectar flow
Go out bee spleen and set up new group, general 5 spleen bee colony includes 2 sub- spleens, and 2 carry feed spleen, an empty spleen.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810189120.9A CN108477075A (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony |
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| CN201810189120.9A CN108477075A (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | A kind of method of facility fruits and vegetables cultivation fast assembling pollination bee colony |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109874746A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-06-14 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A method of regulation honeybee acquires pear flower |
| CN117063894A (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-17 | 贵州省畜禽遗传资源管理站 | Propagation method of industrial pollination bee colony |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109874746A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-06-14 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A method of regulation honeybee acquires pear flower |
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| CN117063894B (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2024-03-26 | 贵州省畜禽遗传资源管理站 | Propagation method of industrial pollination bee colony |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |