CN102487860B - Method for screening megalobrama amblycephala group combinations with hybrid vigor - Google Patents
Method for screening megalobrama amblycephala group combinations with hybrid vigor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487860B CN102487860B CN2011103789260A CN201110378926A CN102487860B CN 102487860 B CN102487860 B CN 102487860B CN 2011103789260 A CN2011103789260 A CN 2011103789260A CN 201110378926 A CN201110378926 A CN 201110378926A CN 102487860 B CN102487860 B CN 102487860B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening megalobrama amblycephala group combinations with hybrid vigor. The method comprises the following steps of: a, collecting wild parents of the megalobrama amblycephala in an original production area, and matching and breeding; b, culturing filial generations in the same pond in a mixed manner, and measuring relevant growth characteristics of the filial generations after 18 months; c, identifying the source of parents of the filial generations based on microsatellite markers; and d, based on a paternity test and growth characteristic data, analyzing the group combinations with the hybrid vigor, and finding that weights, lengths and heights of the filial generations in three combinations are obviously higher than that of other combinations. Different sources of wild parents are subjected to group combination breeding; a parent gene pool is enlarged; more gene types are collected; the hybrid vigor is sufficiently utilized; and the filial generations grow faster, thus, the megalobrama amblycephala selective breeding effect is more obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fish breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of method that megalobrama amblycephala has the group combination of heterosis, hybrid vigor of screening, be suitable for the large megalobrama amblycephala wild population seed selection research of Liangzi Lake, Yuni Lake and Poyang Lake three.
Technical background
Fish are the important food sources of the mankind, and China is the highest country of aquaculture output in the world, and except satisfying domestic market demand, foreign exchange earning is also one of main purpose.But, along with the fast development of aquaculture, natural resources is seriously damaged in recent years, artificial inbreeding aggravation, and the germ plasm resource of multiple fish constantly descends, and growth rate is constantly slowed down, and has caused great economic loss for the aquatic products aquaculture.
Megalobrama amblycephala (MegalobramaamblycephalaYih) is under the jurisdiction of Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, and triangular bream belongs to, and is commonly called as blunt snout bream.Originate in the lake, Tongjiang in middle reaches, the Changjiang river, feeding habits are wide, aquaculture cost is low, growth is fast, survival rate is high because it has, and have delicious, contain the advantages such as the meat rate is high, the bodily form good, specification is moderate, just be used as good phytophagy fingerling in the sixties in 20th century and generally promote in China, now become one of main fresh water aquaculture object of China.In recent decades, its wild resource is seriously damaged, and artificial inbreeding aggravation causes megalobrama amblycephala cultured population in all parts of the country the comparatively serious degradation phenomenas such as growth rate slows down, sexual maturity is done sth. in advance, the elongated attenuation of the bodily form successively to occur.
Carry out geographical distant hybridization, as the hybridization between domestic variety and external kind, southern kind and northern kind, not only offspring's variation amplitude is large, type is many, some super close proterties and super close type usually appear, and its offspring's proterties is also than distant hybrid progeny easy stable (Lou Yundong, 1998).Utilize a plurality of different geographic populations to carry out the interspecific cross seed selection, select to have the combination of important character heterosis, hybrid vigor according to the phenotype of filial generation, the method takes full advantage of heterosis, hybrid vigor, is the important channel of (strain) of cultivating improved seeds.
Microsatellite molecular marker has the advantages such as polymorphism is high, stability is strong, specificity is high, codominant inheritance, is the important tool that keeps family information in the aquatic livestock seed selection, confirms affiliation.If known father and mother's genotype, microsatellite marker can be in the situation that do not have the external physical mark and do not need separately cultivation to distinguish to raise together with family under individual in population.7 pairs of microsatellite markers of Wang etc. (2009) application are raised together with filial generation to 560 gold perch and are carried out paternity test, have 98.37% offspring can accurately find Parent; Vandeputte etc. (2004) use 8 microsatellite markers 550 carp offsprings are carried out paternity test, and 95.3% offspring can accurately find Parent.This has confirmed the using value of little satellite in the research of aquatic livestock evaluation family.
The present invention takes full advantage of the heterosis, hybrid vigor theory, adopts the paternity test technology of microsatellite marker, selects to have the group combination of heterosis, hybrid vigor.The method is first Application in the megalobrama amblycephala seed selection, has a filial generation heterosis, hybrid vigor obvious, and the filial generation pedigree is clear and definite, get rid of environmental factor disturbs, improves the advantages such as Breeding Efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method that megalobrama amblycephala has the group combination of heterosis, hybrid vigor of screening, the present invention simultaneously breeds filial generation with various combination and raises in same pond, adopt microsatellite marker to identify the parental source of filial generation, eliminate various combination and bred the impact that filial generation separates the environmental factor of raising and bringing, result can be established scientific basic for the large-scale production megalobrama amblycephala fry that grows rapidly accurately and reliably.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted following technical measures.
A kind of method of screening megalobrama amblycephala group combinations with hybrid vigor the steps include:
A. collect the wild type of megalobrama amblycephala former producing region colony and carry out combo and breed;
The parent who collects in this step a is the wild population of Liangzi Lake, Poyang Lake and Yuni Lake, and each colony's collection capacity is no less than 100 tails, and female-male proportion is about 1: 1.Select healthy, gonad development is good, build is graceful of the parent, carries out selfing and colony's intermolecular hybrid in colony,
Nine combinations.During artificial insemination, 4-5 bar raun and 4-5 bar milter in each combination are mixed fertilization.
B. filial generation is measured the growth correlation proterties after the mixing of same pond is raised 18 months;
In this step b, the mixing raising of same pond is put in the filial generation of each combination.Through after the raising of approximately 18 months, knit a net at random, the total number of filial generation is over 700.Then measure growth traits, comprise body length, height and body weight.
C. identify the parental source of filial generation based on microsatellite marker;
In this step c, adopt 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite molecular markers to identify the parental source of filial generation, the microsatellite marker specifying information is as follows:
(annotate: in form, F represents little satellite forward primer; R represents little satellite reverse primer)
In this step c in the paternity test technology PCR reaction system be 10 μ L:ddH
2O 7.4 μ L, 10 * Buffer (contains Mg
2+) 1 μ L, dNTP (10mM) 0.2 μ L, Taq archaeal dna polymerase enzyme (5U/ μ L) 0.1 μ L, fluorescently-labeled little satellite forward primer (10M) 0.15 μ L, little satellite reverse primer (10M) 0.15 μ L, template DNA (100ng/ μ L) 1 μ L.The PCR response procedures is 95 ℃ of denaturation 5min, and 95 ℃ of sex change 30s press Ta temperature (table 1) annealing 30s, and 72 ℃ are extended 45s, 30 circulations, and 72 ℃ are extended 10min.
After PCR has reacted, sucking-off 1 μ L from the PCR product in each site of each individuality, size and fluorescently-labeled color according to fragment, to be NED, FAM, HEX (Applied Biosystems company with fluorescence labeling, hereinafter to be referred as ABI) the PCR product in each 1 site mixes, as the sample of upper machine testing.The PCR product sample that mixes 1.5 μ L is joined in 96 orifice plates of ABI 3730 gene analysis instrument configurations, add the GeneScan of 0.5 μ L in each hole
TM500ROX
TMStandard fragment (ABI) adds the Hi-Di of 8 μ L in addition in each hole
TMFormamide (ABI) is put into 95 ℃ of sex change 10min of PCR instrument with 96 orifice plates, is placed in immediately on ice after distortion, then is loaded to ABI 3730 gene analysis instrument analyses, puts into-20 ℃ of preservations after perhaps wrapping with aluminium-foil paper and treats upper machine analysis.After gene analysis instrument electrophoresis finishes, do genotyping with software GeneMapper 4.0 (ABI), read each individuality in the genotype of each microsatellite locus.Adopt software CERVUS 3.0 (Kalinowski etc., 2007) to analyze the parental source of filial generation, 707 odd amount in addition to the round numbers go out its Parent for the energy precise Identification and originate.
D. based on paternity test and the combination of growth traits data results screening dominant group.
In conjunction with paternity test data and filial generation correlated traits, each individuality is referred in corresponding breeding combination, then use Microsoft Excel software (Microsoft company) and each combination is carried out the calculating of mean value, variance, use IBM SPSS statistics 19 softwares (International Business MachinesCorporation, hereinafter to be referred as IBM) organize respectively that body is long, the significance analysis of height and body weight, concrete outcome sees Table 2 and table 3.Therefrom find
The filial generation body weight of three combinations, body length and height are significantly higher than other combinations, and these three kinds of combinations are breeding combinations that the megalobrama amblycephala wild population has heterosis, hybrid vigor most.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. the former producing region of this experiment collection megalobrama amblycephala wild type, adopt colony's intermolecular hybrid mode to obtain heterosis, hybrid vigor, and heterosis, hybrid vigor is obvious, has greatly improved the effect of seed selection.
2. this experiment is raised together with all filial generations in same pond, adopts microsatellite marker to identify the Parent of filial generation, has effectively avoided filial generation to separate the error that in raising, environmental factor may cause, and result more accurately and reliably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of gene analysis instrument carries out little satellite somatotype result schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the long schematic diagram of a kind of each group combination average body.
Fig. 3 is the average height schematic diagram of a kind of each group combination.
Fig. 4 is a kind of each group combination average weight schematic diagram.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind ofly screen the method that megalobrama amblycephala has the group combination of heterosis, hybrid vigor, the steps include:
A, megalobrama amblycephala wild population parent collect and the combo breeding:
The 2-5 month in 2009 was collected each 100 tails of wild megalobrama amblycephala parent in Hubei Province's Liangzi Lake, Yuni Lake and Jiangxi Poyang Lake, raise respectively in different ponds, the artifical compound feed (" bright rich " board compound feed used for fish) of throwing something and feeding, and be aided with appropriate cobalt blue pigment (every mu of every day of 10Kg/).June then, select healthy, individuality is large, bodily form Liangzi Lake preferably
Yuni Lake
And Poyang Lake
Parent's 92 tails altogether hastens parturition.Megalobrama amblycephala is hastened parturition and is adopted the double injection method, the first pin injection luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A
2) 1 μ g/Kg, the second pin injection medicament is LRH-A
24 μ g/Kg+ DOM 5mg/Kg+ human chorionic gonadtropin 500IU/Kg (annotate: above ocyodinic is all from animal pharmaceutical factory, Hangzhou), needle gage is 10h, and milter is injected when the second pin, and dosage reduces by half.Three colonies carry out in colony between selfing and colony combo in twos, namely
Nine combinations.(annotate: " ♀ " represents raun;
The expression milter)
The ovum of 4-5 bar fish maturation is squeezed simultaneously in a clean basin, then the sperm of clamp-oning 4-5 bar milter is fertilized simultaneously.Be placed on water temperature and approximately hatch in the hatching cylinder of 24 ℃ after unsticking, approximately fry membrane after 40h.Pass through approximately 2d, fry can be put down trip again, this moment fry is put into to shift to an earlier date ready pond and raise together with.
Cut the part tail fin fin ray of female male parent, genomic DNA to be extracted is used.
B, megalobrama amblycephala filial generation raising and DATA REASONING:
At young stage, mainly cultivate plankton and come fry raising, more than fry reaches 10cm, the artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding (" bright rich " board bream compound feed for young), and be aided with appropriate cobalt blue pigment (every mu of every day of 5Kg/).Through the approximately raising of 18 months, namely in April, 2010, the applicant draws in the net to play at random approximately 707 odd amount in addition to the round number generation fishes from raise together with the pond, measures respectively that its body is long, height and body weight, and cuts part and be the tail fin fin ray, and genomic DNA to be extracted is used.
C, megalobrama amblycephala filial generation paternity test:
Adopt phenol chloroform method (Li Yang, 2010) to extract megalobrama amblycephala parent and filial generation tail fin fin ray genomic DNA, regulate concentration after purifying to 100ng/ μ L.The megalobrama amblycephala microsatellite marker TTF-1, TTF-2, the TTF-4 that utilize the applicant to transcribe exploitation such as microsatellite marker SSR-12, SSR-46, SSR-116, SSR-166, SSR-851 and Tang (2008) with polymorphism of group data mining according to the megalobrama amblycephala high flux carry out paternity test.The specifying information of microsatellite marker is as follows:
The PCR reaction system is 10 μ L:ddH
2O7.4 μ L, 10 * Buffer, 1 μ L, dNTP (10mM) 0.2 μ L, Taq archaeal dna polymerase (5U/ μ L) 0.1 μ L, little satellite forward primer (10M) 0.15 μ L, little satellite reverse primer (10M) 0.15 μ L, template DNA (100ng/ μ L) 1 μ L.The PCR response procedures is 95 ℃ of denaturation 5min; 95 ℃ of sex change 30s, by Ta annealing temperature 30s shown in upper table, 72 ℃ are extended 45s, 30 circulations; 72 ℃ are extended 5min.
After PCR has reacted, sucking-off 0.5 μ L from the PCR product in each site of each individuality, according to size and the fluorescently-labeled color of fragment, will mix with the PCR product that fluorescence labeling is each 1 site of NED, FAM, HEX, as the sample of upper machine testing.The PCR product sample of the 1.5 μ L that mix is added in 96 orifice plates of ABI 3730 gene analysis instrument configurations, add the GeneScan of 0.5 μ L in each hole
TM500ROX
TMStandard fragment (ABI) adds the Hi-Di of 8.0 μ L in addition in each hole
TMFormamide (ABI).96 orifice plates are put into 95 ℃ of sex change 10min of PCR instrument, be placed in immediately on ice after distortion, then be loaded to ABI 3730 gene analysis instrument (ABI) and analyze.After gene analysis instrument electrophoresis finishes, do genotyping with software GeneMapper 4.0 (ABI), read each individuality in the genotype of each microsatellite locus, as shown in Figure 3.Statistics parent and filial generation adopt software CERVUS 3.0 (Kalinowski etc., 2007) to identify the parental source of filial generation in the genotype of 9 microsatellite locus.
D, carry out interpretation of result based on megalobrama amblycephala paternity test and growth traits data:
The growth correlation proterties Data Integration of the data of paternity test and megalobrama amblycephala F1 in Microsoft Excel software (Microsoft company), is then carried out the calculating of each mean value, variance; Use IBM SPSSstatistics 19 softwares (IBM) and respectively organize the significance analysis of body length, height and body weight.Concrete outcome sees Table 2 and table 3.Therefrom find
The filial generation body weight of three combinations, body length and height are significantly higher than other combinations, and these three kinds of combinations are combinations that the megalobrama amblycephala wild population has heterosis, hybrid vigor most.
Mean value and the variance of body length, height and the body weight of each combination of table 2. megalobrama amblycephala
Annotate: in form by the data of overstriking be same group of data peaked first three.
The significance analysis of body length, height and the body weight of each combination of table 3. megalobrama amblycephala
Annotate: the table intermediate value is mean+SD, and different letter representation significant differences (p＜0.05) are arranged in same column data; First three of same column data by the data of overstriking in form, and there was no significant difference.
Claims (1)
1. a method of screening megalobrama amblycephala group combinations with hybrid vigor, is characterized in that: the steps include:
A. collect megalobrama amblycephala former producing region wild population, and carry out combo as the parent and breed;
The parent who collects in this step is the wild population of megalobrama amblycephala three large main former producing region Liangzi Lakes, Poyang Lake and Yuni Lake, and each colony's collection capacity is no less than 100 tails, and female-male proportion is about 1:1; When breeding, to carry out selfing and colony's intermolecular hybrid in colony, and adopt test-tube method, in each combination, 4-5 bar raun and 4-5 bar milter mix fertilization;
B. filial generation mixes raising in same pond, after 18 months, measures its growth correlation proterties;
The filial generation of in this step, difference being bred combination is put into same pond and is raised, and after 18 months, knits a net at random, and the total number of filial generation surpasses 700, then measures its growth traits, comprises specifically that body is long, height and body weight;
C. identify the parental source of filial generation based on microsatellite marker;
In this step, adopt 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite molecular markers to identify the parental source of filial generation, the microsatellite marker specifying information is as follows:
In this step, the PCR reaction system of paternity test technology is 10 μ L:ddH
2O7.4 μ L contains Mg
2+10 * Buffer1 μ L, concentration is the dNTP0.2 μ L of 10mM, and concentration is the TaqDNA polymerase 0.1 μ L of 5U/ μ L, and concentration is fluorescently-labeled little satellite forward primer 0.15 μ L of 10M, concentration is the little satellite reverse primer 0.15 μ L of 10M, and concentration is the template DNA 1 μ L of 100ng/ μ L; The PCR response procedures is 95 ℃ of denaturation 5min; 95 ℃ of sex change 30s press Ta annealing temperature 30s, and 72 ℃ are extended 45s, 30 circulations; 72 ℃ are extended 10min;
After PCR has reacted, sucking-off 0.5 μ L from the PCR product in each site of each individuality, size and fluorescently-labeled color according to fragment, to mix with the PCR product that fluorescence labeling is NED, FAM, HEX each 1 site, sample as upper machine testing, the PCR product sample that mixes 1.5 μ L is joined in 96 orifice plates of ABI3730 gene analysis instrument configuration, add the GeneScan of 0.5 μ L in each hole
TM500ROX
TMThe standard fragment adds the Hi-Di of 8.0 μ L in addition in each hole
TMFormamide, 96 orifice plates are put into 95 ℃ of sex change 10min of PCR instrument, sex change is placed on ice, then be loaded to the analysis of ABI3730 gene analysis instrument, put into 20 ° of C preservations of ﹣ after perhaps wrapping with aluminium-foil paper and treat upper machine analysis, after gene analysis instrument electrophoresis finishes, GeneMapper4.0 does genotyping with software, read each individuality in the genotype of each microsatellite locus, the genotype of statistics parent and each microsatellite locus of filial generation, the parental source of employing CERVUS3.0 software analysis filial generation;
D. based on paternity test and the combination of growth traits data results screening dominant group:
In conjunction with paternity test data and Offspring Growth related data, each individuality is referred in corresponding breeding combination, then use Microsoft Excel software and each combination is carried out the calculating of mean value, variance, use IBM SPSS statistics19 software and respectively organize the significance analysis of body length, height and body weight, filial generation body weight, body length and the height of therefrom having found three combinations are significantly higher than other combinations, and these three kinds of combinations are that the megalobrama amblycephala wild population has the group combination of heterosis, hybrid vigor most.
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| CN108703091A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-26 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of method of the effective parent number of cross combination in identification Grass carp |
| CN112673996A (en) * | 2019-11-02 | 2021-04-20 | 海南青利水产繁殖有限公司 | Method for cultivating golden seedlings |
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