CN111406710B - Selective breeding method - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention provides a selective breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a Japanese big-ear white rabbit as a male parent and a German big-flower rabbit as a female parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a first filial generation F1; (2) selecting the female rabbit of the first filial generation F1 obtained in the step (1) as a female parent and the giant rabbit of the German flower as a male parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a second filial generation F2; (3) hybridizing the second filial generation F2 obtained in the step (2) with a German angora rabbit to obtain a third filial generation F3; (4) and (4) performing cross-crossing fixation on the hybridized third generation F3 obtained in the step (3) to obtain the high-generation hybrid rabbit. The new variety has the advantages of high growth speed, high meat yield, strong epidemic disease resistance and high rabbit hair quality, has low requirement on feed, and can reduce feeding cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an animal husbandry breeding method, and particularly relates to a selective breeding method, more particularly to a selective breeding method of rabbits.
Background
Meat rabbits belong to special economic animals, and the meat rabbits are used as a protein food source in many countries and regions, so that the proportion of the breeding amount of the meat rabbits is high. China is a world rabbit-raising big country, meat rabbits are bred in a large quantity, and perennial stocks are in the front of the world. In recent years, the research on the breeding of domestic rabbit varieties and genetic breeding has made remarkable progress, the production level of meat rabbits is improved, and the increase of economic benefit is a common concern of the rabbit industry in the world. With the development of economy in China and the improvement of diet of people, the genetic improvement to obtain the meat rabbit with high meat quality and high meat yield is an important means for obtaining good social and economic benefits and ecological benefits.
At present, the main economic traits of meat rabbits are improved by adopting an individual improvement method, so that antagonistic genetic correlations exist among partial excellent economic traits, and the traits cannot be simultaneously genetically improved. The utilization of heterosis to improve the production level of meat rabbits becomes an effective way for improving important traits of the meat rabbits. Crossbreeding can not only produce heterosis, but also realize the aggregation of excellent characters and relieve inbreeding depression. In the past, breeding of meat rabbits mainly adopts strain breeding, the population quantity is small, the improved target character is single, and although large genetic progress can be obtained in a short time, the breeding of multiple characters is not beneficial. In conventional crossbreeding, the selection of varieties has great randomness and blindness, and a plurality of important performance indexes are not sufficiently known.
The Japanese white rabbit with big ear is a medium-sized skin and meat dual-purpose variety, and has large physique, pure white hair, long and upright ears, narrow ear body, sharp ear tip and thin ear root, is shaped like willow leaf, and has red eyes. The neck of the female rabbit is beared by skin folds. Adult rabbits weigh 4-5 kg. The feed has the advantages of fast growth, strong fertility, good adaptability, coarse feeding resistance, excellent cortex and good meat quality, and 7-8 farrowing animals are born in each fetus. The disadvantages are large abdominal content, large skeleton and low meat yield.
The German flower giant rabbit is also called as California rabbit, commonly called as 'eight-point black' rabbit, belongs to medium-sized meat rabbit species, and is one of famous meat rabbit species. The giant German flower rabbit has the characteristics of fast early growth, early sexual maturity, strong adaptability, good reproductive performance, high survival rate of the young rabbit, stable genetic performance and the like. After more than 30 years of domestic application and popularization, the method is suitable for large-scale breeding and is also suitable for being used as a good hybridization parent in the production of commercial rabbits in rural areas. A major disadvantage of the German giant rabbit is that the growth speed is not fast and the disease resistance is general.
The German angora rabbit is also called West German long hair rabbit, belongs to the medium hair rabbit variety, and has the characteristics of large density of the whole body hair, obvious wavy bending of hair cluster structure and hair fiber, difficult entanglement, low coarse hair content and the like, and is considered as the long hair rabbit variety with highest hair yield and best hair quality by the world in the 20 th century.
CN106947780A discloses an editing method of rabbit MSTN gene, which relates to a rabbit MSTN gene editing method, and the method realizes gene modification at the fixed point of rabbit MSTN locus by using CRISPR/Cas 9; the method comprises the steps of designing and guiding sequences according to target sequence sites of rabbit MSTN genes, constructing 2 CRISPR/Cas9 two-in-one plasmids MSTN-sgRNA1 and MSTN-sgRNA2 by using the guiding sequences, transcribing sgRNA-1, sgRNA-2 and Cas9mRNA in vitro to form molecular biological materials of two-in-one compounds, preparing transgenic rabbits by using the molecular biological materials, and inducing mutation and deletion of nucleotide sequences at 3 rd exon 4881 and 4818 th exon 4896 of the MSTN gene coding sequences.
CN105483216A discloses a meat quality breeding method of domestic rabbit CETP gene polymorphism, which comprises the following steps: 1) extracting the genomic DNA of a rabbit sample; 2) amplifying a rabbit CETP gene by PCR reaction; 3) sequencing rabbit CETP gene; 4) analyzing the single nucleotide polymorphism of the CETP gene sequence of the rabbit; 5) determining that 3 genotypes of AA, GG and AG variation are generated at the 11 th site of the exon 4; 6) analyzing the relevance of the three genotypes to the rabbit carcass traits; 7) selecting rabbits with different genotypes according to requirements for culture breeding. The method of the invention can realize the rapid meat breeding of the rabbits, and solves the problems of less meat rabbit breeding varieties, long breeding time and slow effect in China.
CN105010233A discloses a breeding method of breeding rabbits with high breeding performance based on SNP. The method comprises the following steps: the construction and character determination of resource groups: (1) establishing a resource group; (2) determination of phenotypic traits; second, association analysis of target SNP selection and whole genome: (1) genome SNP discovery and whole genome SNP chip customization; (2) analyzing and verifying the relevance of the whole genome; (3) SNP aggregation; third, BLUP selection: calculating a marginal effect value by applying an economics principle, and researching a breeding value comprehensive selection index of the domestic rabbit by adopting an animal model BLUP method; fourthly, the new breeding method of the M-BLUP rabbit comprises the following steps: estimating the genetic effect of the significant SNP locus, combining the molecular marker with BLUP, and constructing a new breeding method of the M-BLUP rabbit; and fifthly, breeding the high-reproduction rabbit strain by using the new breeding method of the M-BLUP rabbit.
CN110463660A discloses a breeding technology of skin-meat rabbits with high survival rate, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a homologous healthy disease-free skin-meat rabbit; s2: firstly, feeding male rabbits and female rabbits in each group in a divided manner, and injecting an aphrodisiac into the female rabbits in each group; s3: after 3-7 days of releasing the male rabbits, carrying out pregnancy check every other day; s4: the female rabbit in S3 will lay young rabbits at the same time period; s5: in each group, male and female rabbits were housed separately to prevent inbreeding; s6: can learn through data that which subgroup's rabbit survival rate is the best, can be with the best public rabbit female rabbit of growing vigour again the disorderly grouping, make up again, carry out the grouping operation again, can select out the rabbit species of high survival rate.
CN110506706A discloses a method for breeding a new black meat rabbit strain with high production performance, which comprises the following steps: mating a black local rabbit male rabbit with a white meat rabbit female rabbit to obtain an F1 generation; selecting black male rabbits in the F1 generation to backcross with white meat rabbit female rabbits to obtain an F2 generation; selecting black male rabbits in the F2 generation to backcross with white meat rabbit female rabbits again to obtain an F3 generation; selecting black rabbits in the F3 generation for cross crossing to obtain an F4 generation; selecting black male and female rabbits of the F4 generation for gene identification, selecting homozygous black male and female rabbits, and establishing a basic group; and (3) carrying out closed subculture breeding on the basic group for 3-4 generations, and then culturing the new black meat rabbit strain with high production performance and consistent body type and appearance.
CN110506707A discloses a method for breeding a white meat rabbit four-line complete set line, which takes an Epilun meat rabbit complete set line ancestral rabbit and a parental breeding rabbit imported from abroad as materials, and obtains a specialized maternal line I, a specialized maternal line II and a specialized paternal line V after backcross, secondary backcross, cross propagation and locked successive breeding; selecting Taishan white rabbits for locking subculture breeding to obtain a specialized father line VI; mating the VI-line male rabbit with the V-line female rabbit to produce a male parent-generation rabbit; mating the male rabbit of the I line with the female rabbit of the II line to produce a female rabbit of the parent generation; and hybridizing the male parent generation rabbit and the female parent generation rabbit to obtain the white meat rabbit four-line mating line commercial generation rabbit.
CN110547254A discloses a method for breeding a black meat rabbit three-line mating line, which takes an Epilu meat rabbit mating line ancestral rabbit and a parent breeding rabbit imported from abroad as materials, and obtains a specialized maternal line I and a specialized maternal line II after backcross, secondary backcross, self-propagation and locked successive breeding; hybridizing the specialized female line I male rabbit with the specialized female line II female rabbit to produce a parental female rabbit; selecting black champagne rabbits for latch subculture breeding to obtain a specialized paternal line VII; and (3) hybridizing the specialized parent VII-line male rabbits with the parent-generation female rabbits to obtain the black meat rabbit three-line mating-line commercial generation meat rabbits.
CN110547252A discloses a method for breeding a new strain of large Belgian rabbit with hair color and meat skin, which comprises the following steps: firstly, mating a British male rabbit and a white meat rabbit female rabbit in Belgium to obtain an F1 generation; backcrossing the white rabbit female rabbit with the British male rabbit in the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation; backcrossing the white rabbit and the white rabbit in Belgium in the F2 generation to obtain an F3 generation; selecting Belgian fur color rabbits in the F3 generation for crossing to obtain an F4 generation; selecting F4 generation Belgium hair color male and female rabbits for gene identification, selecting homozygotic Belgium hair color male and female rabbits, and constructing a basic group; and (3) carrying out locked successive breeding on the basic group for 3-4 generations, and culturing the large-scale Belgian hair-color pork-skin dual-purpose rabbit new strain with consistent body type and appearance.
"research progress on the selective breeding of meat rabbit complete lines", an. supplement and so on, "heredity", at 41 st 2012, reviewed the selective breeding of meat rabbit specialized strains, utilization of heterosis and establishment of improved breeding system, summarized the breeding method of meat rabbit specialized strains, criteria of character selection and estimation result of heterosis.
There is a need in the art for an improved cross-breeding method that combines the above advantages of Japanese big-ear white rabbits, German-flower giant rabbits, and German-series angora rabbits, and that is a new species with both skin and meat.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the inventor carries out a great deal of theoretical research and analysis, fully combines the gene characteristics of the meat rabbits, and provides a meat rabbit breeding method through a great deal of tests and screening. By adopting the breeding method, the new variety bred fully absorbs the advantages of three rabbits (Japanese big ear white rabbit, German giant rabbit and German angora rabbit), has fast growth speed, high meat yield, delicious meat quality, high rabbit hair quality, high hair yield, obviously enhanced anti-epidemic disease capability, obviously reduced requirements on feed and reduced feeding cost.
Based on this, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a selective breeding method, in particular a meat rabbit breeding method, more particularly a selective breeding method based on a rabbit breeding gene model, comprising the steps of: (1) selecting a Japanese big-ear white rabbit as a male parent and a German big-flower rabbit as a female parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a first filial generation F1; (2) selecting the female rabbit of the first filial generation F1 obtained in the step (1) as a female parent and the giant rabbit of the German flower as a male parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a second filial generation F2; (3) hybridizing the second filial generation F2 obtained in the step (2) with a German angora rabbit to obtain a third filial generation F3; (4) and (4) performing cross-crossing fixation on the hybridized third generation F3 obtained in the step (3) to obtain the high-generation hybrid rabbit.
Preferably, a breeding rabbit breeding gene model is established prior to said step (1). The rabbit comprises at least one of Japanese big ear white rabbit, German giant rabbit and German angora rabbit. Preferably, the rabbits also include cross-fixed high generation hybrid rabbits. More preferably, the rabbit comprises at least one of first hybrid generation F1, second hybrid generation F2, and third hybrid generation F3.
Preferably, the rabbit breeding gene model comprises a correlation (i.e. correlation model) between the CETP gene in the rabbit gene and the rabbit meat quality index and/or physical morphology. Namely, before the step (1), the correlation between the CETP gene in the rabbit gene and the rabbit meat quality index and/or physical form is established for Japanese big ear white rabbits, German giant rabbits, Germany angora rabbits, first filial generations F1, second filial generations F2 and third filial generations F3.
Preferably, the physical form comprises body weight.
Preferably, the physical form includes at least one of rabbit hair length, fineness, and pine ratio.
Preferably, the meat quality indicator comprises at least one of: pH, hydration power, fat firmness and oxidative stability.
Preferably, upon rabbit selection prior to hybridization or crossing at each step, rabbits are subjected to blood drawing tests to detect the CETP gene. More preferably, the CETP gene is sequenced.
Preferably, the blood drawing test of the rabbit comprises ear blood sampling.
Preferably, according to the expected rabbit index, the proper breeding rabbit is selected according to the correlation relationship between the genes and the rabbit meat quality index and/or the physical form.
Preferably, the physical form comprises rabbit body weight or rabbit hair length, and the meat quality indicator comprises at least one of pH, water retention capacity, fat firmness and oxidative stability.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the detection of the gene is the detection of the CETP gene in rabbits.
Preferably, the correlation relationship between the rabbit CETP gene polymorphism and the meat quality index and/or physical form is established.
It is known that the 11 th site of CETP gene exon 4 of rabbits with GG genotype has the highest half-bore dressing percentage, and rabbits with AG genotype have the highest intramuscular fat content in longisimus muscle of back.
More specifically, the establishment of the correlation between the polymorphism of the CETP gene of the rabbit and the meat quality comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rabbits with good meat quality index and/or physical form, selecting tissue samples of muscles or blood, and extracting sample DNA, wherein the DNA sample of each rabbit corresponds to the ear mark number of the rabbit;
(2) synthesizing specific primers containing a marker gene, namely a CETP gene (particularly the 11 th site of the exon 4 of the CETP gene) and SNP sites related to meat quality indexes and/or physical forms of rabbits from a DNA sample;
(3) template PCR amplification primers: 2 × TaqPCRMastermix, ddH2O, a primer and a template DNA are mixed to construct a PCR reaction system, wherein 2 xTaq PCR MasterMix is 5 mu L, ddH23.2 mu L of O, 0.8 mu L of primer and 0.8 mu L of template DNA; after being mixed evenly, PCR amplification is carried out to obtain an amplification product; the template PCR amplification primer adopts a mixing method (Excellent)Optionally, primer, 2 × Taq PCR MasterMix, ddH2O, subpackaging after uniformly mixing, adding template DNA, centrifuging for 10s, and transferring to a PCR amplification program); the PCR amplification program is a pre-denaturation program at 92 ℃ for 5min, then a 32-cycle pre-extension amplification program is switched, and after 35 cycles are finished, extension is carried out at 72 ℃ for 10min, thus obtaining an amplification product. The 35 cycles of pre-extension amplification procedure, wherein one cycle is: after denaturation at 92 ℃ for 30s, annealing at 50 ℃ for 30s, and extending at 72 ℃ for 30 s; the primer is divided into two types, and the sequences of the primers are preferably as follows:
F-TAGCAGTAGGGATGACAGGGTTT; and
R-GCCTTAGAGTAGGGTCTTTTTGG；
wherein the raw material proportion of the template PCR amplification primer is 0.4 mu L respectively;
(4) genotype determination and typing: denaturing the amplification product at 99 ℃ for 5min, placing the amplification product on 10% polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis, carrying out silver nitrate staining and photographing after the electrophoresis is finished, and directly judging the individual genotype according to the electrophoresis result;
(5) sequencing and verifying PCR products of different genotypes of individuals: carrying out agarose gel detection on 5 50 mu L amplification systems of different genotype individuals respectively, and carrying out gene purification sequencing after band-making; recording the genotypes of all individuals, wherein the genotypes correspond to meat quality indexes and/or physical forms, DNA samples and individual labels one by one;
(6) individual MBLUP genetic assessment: and (3) incorporating the pedigree, age, sex, genotype, meat quality index and/or physical form weight information of each individual into a marker-assisted BLUP model to estimate the breeding value of each individual, and establishing the correlation relationship between the rabbit CETP gene polymorphism and the meat quality index and/or physical form.
Further preferably, in the rabbit selection before crossing or crossing at each step, an appropriate breeding rabbit is selected by detecting the CETP gene of the rabbit according to a desired rabbit index, for example, according to a desired rabbit meat quality index and/or physical form, based on the correlation between the CETP gene and the rabbit meat quality index and/or physical form.
By the method, suitable breeding rabbits for hybridization and crossing can be accurately selected. Those skilled in the art will recognize that by establishing the relationship and selecting the appropriate breeding rabbits for hybridization and crossing based on the relationship, not a necessary step of the present invention, but a preferred step, the field can also select the breeding rabbits by routine tests, such as physical morphology determination.
The MBLUP method has the outstanding advantages that it produces the smallest variance of errors, the estimated value is equal to the "true value", the bias caused by selection, elimination and the like can be eliminated in a large range, and an effective method for correcting the bias is provided, and the method is easy to modify when the conditions change. In the present invention, the association relationship can be established using the MBLUP model of Fernando and Grossman (1989).
As far as the model itself is established, it is generally within the skill of the art to be able to do so depending on the actual breeding requirements. For example, MBLUP is used for estimating individual breeding value of male rabbits or female rabbits, and the model is as follows:
y＝Zu+Qv+e
wherein y is at least one index value in meat quality index and/or physical form, such as weight measurement vector; u is a random vector of breeding values, the mean value is 0, and the covariance matrix of variance is A sigma2 u(A is a molecular affinity correlation matrix); v is the fixed molecular marker effect vector (genotype known) (preferably the age fixed effect vector when evaluated for male rabbits), e is the error vector with mean 0 and covariance matrix of variance I σ2 e(ii) a Z, Q are the corresponding correlation matrices.
The breeding or breeding of meat rabbits is a system engineering, the links of hybridization, backcross, transverse crossing and the like of each generation are closely matched, the best breeding mode is determined on the basis of heterosis determination results by taking the market demand of the meat rabbits as a target, and a matched breeding system is established. In addition, how to select seeds is very critical, the seed selection process is not judged by simple indexes, and is not randomly selected for hybridization, multiple indexes need to be fully considered, multiple indexes need to be balanced and comprehensively considered, and various characteristics, advantages and defects of various varieties are considered. How to select seeds for crossbreeding meat rabbits is an important difficult problem in the breeding industry. The existing meat rabbit varieties are very various, and how to select from a plurality of meat rabbit varieties and different individuals of the meat rabbit varieties and select proper hybridization measurement is very difficult. In the breeding practice, the phenomenon of inconsistent characters is often found when a variety with regular and consistent characters is introduced into another ecological region for breeding. The more places a variety is introduced into, the more complex the ecological environment of the introduced place, the more the flow direction of the variety gene is, the more the possibility that the production direction is changed at the introduced place is, and the more the production types are formed by the variety gene. How to design, select cross, backcross and cross is made by considering the factors of multi-aspect interaction, which is also an important problem in the field because of the differences between varieties and individuals and no well-defined rules can be followed. The inventor combines the breeding experience of meat rabbits for years, selects Japanese big-ear white rabbits, German giant rabbits and German angora rabbits from a plurality of meat rabbit varieties to perform crossbreeding through a large amount of theoretical analysis and experimental design, and selects a proper crossbreeding strategy. The meat rabbits bred by hybridization have high growth speed, fresh meat quality, rich needed amino acid, improved disease resistance, lower requirement on feed and reduced feeding cost.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feed of any one of the first hybrid generation F1, the second hybrid generation F2, the third hybrid generation F3 and the high hybrid generation is added with lactobacillus powder.
More preferably, the lactic acid bacteria are enterococci and/or lactobacilli.
Preferably, the amount of lactic acid bacteria additive is 0.5 × 107-2.0×107cfu/g feed, preferably 1.0X 107cfu/g. That is, the amount of the lactobacillus additive in each gram of feed is 0.5X 107-2.0×107cfu, preferably 1.0X 107cfu。
For the management of animal husbandry it is important to maintain the health of the livestock. In many cases, since the properties of the hybrid rabbits are unstable, antibiotics are often used to make the rabbits selected during the hybridization process and the new rabbit varieties obtained by hybridization have anti-epidemic properties. However, the use of antibiotics, which in addition to having great side effects, is very disadvantageous for some rabbit meat with high quality requirements, leads to antibiotic residues, and is not conducive to the immobilization of hybrid high generation species.
The invention provides the feed containing the lactobacillus additive, so that the disease resistance of rabbits selected in the hybridization process and new rabbit varieties obtained by hybridization can be effectively improved. The efficiency of reproduction or feeding can be improved without using drugs such as antibiotics or antibacterial agents.
Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria powder is prepared by the following method: a culture obtained by forming lactic acid bacteria in a nutrient-containing medium and carrying out propagation culture is spray-dried to form a powder after the culture is changed into a slurry culture.
Preferably, the nutrient source is from a plant. The plant may be a conventional plant used for preparing a vegetative lactic acid bacterium.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a special feed used in the breeding process.
Preferably, in the breeding method, the first filial generation F1, the second filial generation F2, the third filial generation F3 and the high-generation hybrid obtained in the step (4) can all adopt a complete feed formula.
Preferably, the feed intake of pregnant female rabbits in the whole period is 125-.
More preferably, the feed for feeding rabbits in the first filial generation F1 and the second filial generation F2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of barley, 10 parts of corn, 15 parts of bran, 5 parts of bean cake, 3 parts of tomato peel residue, 5 parts of beet residue, 10 parts of malt root, 5 parts of pine needle powder, 10 parts of alfalfa powder, 20 parts of straw powder, 0.5 part of seaweed gel and 1.5 parts of inorganic salt additive. Preferably, 100-500 g, preferably 200 g of methionine per 100 kg of said feed can also be added; lysine 50-200 g, preferably 100 g. The feed is particularly suitable for the growth of first filial generation F1 and second filial generation F2, in which the protein content of the feed is increased due to the addition of bean cake, and in addition, the adaptability of rabbits in first filial generation F1 and second filial generation F2 to the feed is increased due to the reasonable alfalfa dosage. Further preferably, the feed also contains seaweed gel, which has the function of enhancing the immune function and the adhesiveness of rabbits, making it possible to provide anti-inflammatory capacity, ensuring the growth of the critical first filial generation F1 and second generation F2. Particularly preferably, the feed composition for feeding the first filial generation F1 and the second filial generation F2 further comprises 0.01-0.05 part of glucose, because the lower amount of alfalfa may cause the appetite of the first filial generation F1 and the second filial generation F2 to be deteriorated, and the addition of a small amount of glucose can cover the unpleasant taste in the feed, thereby enhancing the food calling and relieving the appetite deterioration, and the small amount of glucose can compensate the defect of low amount of alfalfa.
Particularly preferably, the inventor also finds that the pregnant rabbit in the third hybrid generation F3 is unstable in emotion, is easy to be frightened, stressed and irritated, and has high fetal dysplasia rate, dead fetus, runt fetus, abortion and the like. Presumably, impaired neurotransmission, especially impaired reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and increased sensitivity to stress. In view of this situation, the present inventors preferably added a compound represented by the following formula (I) to the feed for the purpose of stabilizing the mood of pregnant rabbits and achieving mood balance.
The compound represented by the formula (I) is added to the feed in an amount of 0.001-0.10 parts by weight, preferably 0.01-0.05 parts by weight.
Alternatively, the compound of formula (I) is added in an amount to ensure that the compound is ingested at a rate of 20-30mg/kg body weight/day in rabbits.
Preferably, the feed is fed for a period of 7 to 14 days. Preferably, the feeding period is 2-4 weeks after fertilization, and the feed containing the compound of formula (I) is fed to the rabbit. The rest period can be fed with common rabbit feed. The compound shown in the formula (I) is added into the feed, so that the dysphoria phenomenon of the hybrid third-generation F3 pregnant rabbit can be obviously reduced, the stress and anxiety of the hybrid third-generation F3 pregnant rabbit can be relieved, and the stillbirth rate is reduced by about 50-76% compared with the situation that the compound is not added.
The compound of formula (I) can be prepared by conventional synthesis methods for cyclohexanone compounds. Alternatively, the compound may be extracted from hops.
Feeding the high-generation breeding rabbits after the transverse crossing and the fixation with common rabbit feed.
In the invention, aiming at the situations of unstable emotion and dysphoria of pregnant rabbits in the first filial generation F1 and the second filial generation F2, the compound shown in the formula (I) is added into the feed, so that the dysphoria of the pregnant rabbits is greatly relieved, the stillbirth rate is well reduced, and particularly favorable regulation is created for the smooth operation of the whole hybridization process. In each hybridization process, the rabbit is selected by reasonably selecting the rabbits for hybridization, namely detecting the concentration of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, so that the purpose of taking the advantages of three rabbits at the same time is achieved by determining two times of hybridization, namely a backcross method and a transverse cross method.
In the invention, the obtained new rabbit species has low requirements on feed and stable hereditary characters, thereby being convenient for popularization and breeding.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The establishment of the association relationship between the rabbit CETP gene polymorphism and meat quality comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rabbits with good meat quality index and/or physical form, selecting tissue samples of muscles or blood, and extracting sample DNA, wherein the DNA sample of each rabbit corresponds to the ear mark number of the rabbit;
(2) synthesizing a specific primer containing a marker gene, namely a CETP gene exon 4 11 th site and a rabbit meat quality index and/or physical form related SNP site by a DNA sample;
(3) template PCR amplification primers: 2 × TaqPCRMastermix, ddH2O, a primer and a template DNA are mixed to construct a PCR reaction system, wherein 2 xTaq PCR MasterMix is 5 mu L, ddH2O and is 3.2 mu L, the primer is 0.8 mu L and the template DNA is 0.8 mu L; after being mixed evenly, PCR amplification is carried out to obtain an amplification product; the template PCR amplification primer adopts a mixing method (preferably, the primer, 2 XTaq PCR MasterMix, ddH are firstly used2O, subpackaging after uniformly mixing, adding template DNA, centrifuging for 10s, and transferring to a PCR amplification program); the PCR amplification program is a pre-denaturation program at 92 ℃ for 5min, then a 32-cycle pre-extension amplification program is switched, and after 35 cycles are finished, extension is carried out at 72 ℃ for 10min, thus obtaining an amplification product. The 35 cycles of pre-extension amplification procedure, wherein one cycle is: after denaturation at 92 ℃ for 30s, annealing at 50 ℃ for 30s, and extending at 72 ℃ for 30 s; the primer is divided into two types, and the sequences of the two types are respectively as follows:
F-TAGCAGTAGGGATGACAGGGTTT; and
R-GCCTTAGAGTAGGGTCTTTTTGG；
wherein the raw material proportion of the template PCR amplification primer is 0.4 mu L respectively;
(4) genotype determination and typing: denaturing the amplification product at 99 ℃ for 5min, placing the amplification product on 10% polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis, carrying out silver nitrate staining and photographing after the electrophoresis is finished, and directly judging the individual genotype according to the electrophoresis result;
(5) sequencing and verifying PCR products of different genotypes of individuals: carrying out agarose gel detection on 5 50 mu L amplification systems of different genotype individuals respectively, and carrying out gene purification sequencing after band-making; recording the genotypes of all individuals, wherein the genotypes correspond to meat quality indexes and/or physical forms, DNA samples and individual labels one by one;
(6) individual MBLUP genetic assessment: and (3) incorporating the pedigree, age, sex, genotype, meat quality index and/or physical form weight information of each individual into a marker-assisted BLUP model to estimate the breeding value of each individual, and establishing the correlation relationship between the rabbit CETP gene polymorphism and the meat quality index and/or physical form.
Example 2
According to the index of high rabbit meat quality and rabbit hair, the correlation relationship between the CETP gene and the index of rabbit meat quality and/or physical form established in example 1, by detecting the CETP gene of rabbits, the proper breeding rabbits for hybridization and crossing are accurately selected, and then the following steps are taken to perform crossbreeding of meat rabbits: (1) selecting a Japanese big-ear white rabbit (from Shandong Shun's grazing) as a male parent and a German huge-flower rabbit (from Shandong Shun's grazing) as a female parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a first-filial generation F1; (2) selecting the female rabbit of the first filial generation F1 obtained in the step (1) as a female parent and the giant rabbit of the German flower as a male parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a second filial generation F2; (3) hybridizing the second hybrid generation F2 obtained in the step (2) with German Angola rabbits (obtained from Shandong Fuji David breeding base) to obtain a third hybrid generation F3; (4) and (4) performing cross-crossing fixation on the hybridized third generation F3 obtained in the step (3) to obtain the high-generation hybrid rabbit.
The feed for feeding the first hybrid generation F1 and the second hybrid generation F2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of barley, 10 parts of corn, 15 parts of bran, 5 parts of bean cake, 3 parts of tomato pomace, 5 parts of beet pulp, 10 parts of malt root, 5 parts of pine needle powder, 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 20 parts of straw powder, 0.5 part of seaweed gel and 1.5 parts of an inorganic salt additive; in addition, 100 g of methionine and 50 g of lysine were added to 50 kg of the feed. For the third hybrid generation F3, 0.005 part by weight of the compound represented by formula (I) was added to the feed for the first hybrid generation F1 and the second hybrid generation F2 described above in the feed for the pregnant rabbits in the third week from fertilization. The feed used for feeding the high-generation breeding rabbits after the transverse crossing fixation is a common feed, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of rice, 25 parts of corn, 15 parts of bean cake, 7 parts of rapeseed cake, 10 parts of malt root, 16 parts of unite bran and 2 parts of inorganic salt additive.
Example 3
Example 2 was repeated, with the difference from example 1 that enterococcus was added to the feed for the first filial generation F1 and the second filial generation F2 feeding, at a ratio of 1.2X 107cfu/g feed and lactobacillus 1.0 × 107cfu/g feed.
The meat rabbit obtained by crossbreeding by the method of the embodiment fully absorbs the advantages of the three rabbits, has high growth speed, high meat yield, delicious meat quality (especially high amino acid content), obviously enhanced epidemic disease resistance, obviously reduced requirement on feed and reduced feeding cost. In addition, it was found that the use of the additive compound of formula (I) reduced the stillbirth rate by 71% (based on the average results of 200 rabbits). In addition, compared with example 1, the addition of enterococcus and lactobacillus to the feed in example 2 can increase the feed-meat ratio from 5.0:1 to 4.2:1, and increase the survival rate of young rabbits from 88% to about 92% (based on the average results of 300 rabbits). In addition, the hair loosening rates of the male rabbits and the female rabbits of the high-generation hybrids obtained by the transverse crossing fixation respectively reach about 98.8 percent and 99.4 percent, and are respectively improved by 1.2 percent and 0.6 percent compared with Japanese big-ear rabbits, wherein the male rabbits and the female rabbits have large bodies, wide shoulders, long backs, deep chests, round buttocks, strong limbs, white and glossy hair of the whole body rabbits, thick and dense hair, obvious hair cluster structures and dense back neck, abdominal hair and foot hair.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims. All citations referred to herein are incorporated herein by reference to the extent that no inconsistency is made.
Claims (9)
1. A meat rabbit breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a Japanese big-ear white rabbit as a male parent and a German big-flower rabbit as a female parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a first filial generation F1;
(2) selecting the female rabbit of the first filial generation F1 obtained in the step (1) as a female parent and the giant rabbit of the German flower as a male parent, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain a second filial generation F2;
(3) hybridizing the second filial generation F2 obtained in the step (2) with a German angora rabbit to obtain a third filial generation F3;
(4) performing cross-crossing fixation on the hybridized third generation F3 obtained in the step (3) to obtain a high-generation hybrid rabbit;
wherein, when the rabbit before hybridization or crossing in each step is selected, the rabbit is subjected to blood drawing detection to detect the CETP gene;
establishing an association relationship between rabbit CETP gene polymorphism and meat quality, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rabbits with good meat quality index and/or physical form, selecting tissue samples of muscles or blood, and extracting sample DNA, wherein the DNA sample of each rabbit corresponds to the ear mark number of the rabbit;
(2) synthesizing specific primers containing marker genes, namely CETP genes and SNP sites related to meat quality indexes and/or physical forms of rabbits from DNA samples;
(3) template PCR amplification primers: 2 × TaqPCRMastermix, ddH2O, a primer and a template DNA are mixed to construct a PCR reaction system, wherein 2 xTaq PCR MasterMix is 5 mu L, ddH23.2 mu L of O, 0.8 mu L of primer and 0.8 mu L of template DNA; after being mixed evenly, PCR amplification is carried out to obtain an amplification product; the template PCR amplification primer adopts a mixing method; the PCR amplification procedure is a pre-denaturation procedure at 92 ℃ for 5min, then a pre-extension amplification procedure of 35 cycles is carried out, and after 35 cycles are finished, extension is carried out at 72 ℃ for 10min, thus obtaining an amplification product;
(4) genotype determination and typing: denaturing the amplification product at 99 ℃ for 5min, placing the amplification product on 10% polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis, carrying out silver nitrate staining and photographing after the electrophoresis is finished, and directly judging the individual genotype according to the electrophoresis result;
(5) sequencing and verifying PCR products of different genotypes of individuals: carrying out agarose gel detection on 5 50 mu L amplification systems of different genotype individuals respectively, and carrying out gene purification sequencing after band-making; recording the genotypes of all individuals, wherein the genotypes correspond to meat quality indexes and/or physical forms, DNA samples and individual labels one by one;
(6) individual MBLUP genetic assessment: and (3) taking the pedigree, age, sex, genotype, meat quality index and/or physical form weight information of each individual into a marker-assisted BLUP model to estimate the breeding value of each individual, and establishing the correlation between the rabbit CETP gene polymorphism and the meat quality index and/or physical form.
2. A meat rabbit breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that a breeding rabbit breeding gene model is established before step (1).
3. A breeding method for rabbit meat according to claim 2, wherein the rabbit breeding gene model includes the correlation between CETP gene in rabbit genes and rabbit meat quality index and/or physical morphology.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the physical form comprises body weight.
5. A method as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4 wherein the physical form comprises rabbit hair length.
6. A meat rabbit breeding method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the meat quality index comprises at least one of the following: pH, hydration power, fat firmness and oxidative stability.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the rabbit is subjected to a blood draw test comprising ear blood sampling.
8. A breeding method of meat rabbits as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, based on the desired rabbit index, a suitable breeding rabbit is selected according to the correlation between CETP gene and rabbit meat quality index and/or physical form.
9. A breeding method for rabbit according to claim 8, wherein said physical form comprises rabbit body weight or rabbit hair length and said meat quality indicator comprises at least one of pH, water content, fat firmness and oxidative stability.
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Address after: 266406 Zhang Jia Lou Zhen Xi Shi Ling Cun Bei, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee after: QINGDAO KANGDA RABBIT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Qingdao Kangda Holding Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 266406 Zhang Jia Lou Zhen Xi Shi Ling Cun Bei, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee before: QINGDAO KANGDA RABBIT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: QINGDAO KANGDA FOREIGN TRADE GROUP Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20221223 Address after: 266000 Room 217, Building 3, No. 777, Shizi Village Road, Zhangjialou Sub district Office, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Patentee after: Qingdao Kangdajia Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co.,Ltd. Address before: 266406 Zhang Jia Lou Zhen Xi Shi Ling Cun Bei, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee before: QINGDAO KANGDA RABBIT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Qingdao Kangda Holding Group Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20240705 Address after: 266000 North of Xishiling Village, Zhangjialou Town, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee after: QINGDAO KANGDA RABBIT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 266000 Room 217, Building 3, No. 777, Shizi Village Road, Zhangjialou Sub district Office, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Patentee before: Qingdao Kangdajia Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |