CN101743929B - Method for breeding Pietrain pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for breeding Pietrain pigs. The method comprises the following steps: A) a basic breeding group is built, and the group comprises at least one Pietrain pig having HalN genes; B) Pietrain boars and sows are bred for mating and delivering piglets, and at least one pig in the each pair of Pietrain boars and sows has HalN genes according to the mating measures; C) the piglets are bred and selected for breeding, the HalN genes of each piglet are detected, and the Pietrain piglet having HalN genes and the Pietrain piglet having high synthetical selection indexes and HalN genes are used as parent pigs, based on the parent selection measures; D) steps B) and C) are repeated for 5 to 10 times. The HalN gene frequency in Pietrain pig groups can be effectively improved by the method, and the stress reaction of the Pietrain pig groups and the occurrence rate of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat are reduced.

Description

The selection of Pietrain pigs

Technical field

The invention belongs to herding breeding technique field, refer to a kind of selection of Pietrain pigs especially.

Background technology

Pietrain pigs is the highest pig kind of present lean meat percentage, originating in Belgian Bradley nation specially distinguishes, be earlier by of the shellfish clothing pig hybridization of Belgian local pig with France, after introduce the safe nurse Butterworth pig of Britain again blood lineage hybridization form, nineteen fifty-five is generally acknowledged by European various countries, is European in recent ten years comparatively popular pig kind.China introduced Pietrain pigs in 1988 from France, mainly was the male parent that is used as binary or three way cross production in China, to improve the lean meat percentage level of hybridization market pig.

Although Pietrain pigs has high lean meat percentage, its stress reaction is serious, and is usually dead in transit or PSE meat (Pale, Soft and Exudative, promptly greyish white, soft and ooze out juice) occurs, brings massive losses for the enterprise of raising pigs.The research of modern molecular biology thinks, be positioned at the halothane (Halothane Gene) in p11-q21 zone on No. 6 chromosome of pig thus be the major gene resistance that decision PSE influences meat.There are three kinds of genotype: HalNHalN, HalNHaln, HalnHaln in present known fluothane seat (Hal), and (N commonly used represents dominance, represent recessiveness with n), preceding two kinds of genotype are to fluothane insensitive (being the fluothane feminine gender), the back is a kind of to be responsive type individuality (the fluothane positive), when halothane is recessiveness and isozygotys, cause pig syndrome frequently to take place.

Just press for thus and select the insensitive negative Pietrain pigs of fluothane.Yet conventional breeding technique carries out seed selection according to phenotype, and phenotype depends on genotype.For halothane, general conventional skill breeding art is to utilize fluorocarbon gas to test, and has only halothane to be recessiveness and isozygotys when being HalnHaln, and pig is just understood positive reaction, and for heterozygote HalNHaln, this technology is powerless! If when adopting routine techniques to make great efforts to improve boar and market pig lean meat percentage, will find that the frequency of fluothane recessive gene has trend of rising in swinery.

Many studies show that also arranged, and the meat proterties of the homozygote HalNHalN Pietrain pigs of no fluothane recessive gene is more superior as aspects such as yellowish pink and tender degree, but the carcass trait of homozygote HalNHalN Pietrain pigs such as lean meat percentage etc. decrease.

Summary of the invention

One of purpose of the present invention is to reduce the stress reaction of Pietrain swinery and the appearance probability of PSE meat, one of effective ways of realizing this purpose are the seed selections of the Pietrain swinery not being had the fluothane recessive gene, adopt molecule aid mark selection approach to differentiate the halothane and the genotype thereof of individual Pietrain pigs, the Pietrain pigs of fluothane recessive gene is rejected away from swinery.

The selection of Pietrain pigs of the present invention comprises the steps:

A) constructional base breeding population has a Pietrain pigs with HalN gene at least in this colony;

B) cultivate Pietrain boar and sow and match farrowing, the apolegamy measure is that at least one head has the HalN gene in every pair of Pietrain male and female pig of breeding, improves the HalN gene frequency of Pietrain pigs of future generation colony;

C) cultivate piglet and choosing seeds, the seed selection measure is the Hal gene that detects each piglet, and the high Pietrain pigs with Haln gene of select and remain Pietrain pigs with HalN gene and multiple selection index is as boar;

D) repeating step B) and step C) 5～10 times.

Steps A) in, the Pietrain pigs of establishment basis breeding population more than totally 120, contains 5 blood lineages, and the ratio of boar and sow is 1: 4～6.

If selecting steps A) basic breeding population the time, all Pietrain pigs of test site all do not have the HalN gene after testing, then can introduce the Pietrain boar semen with HalN gene, import to the Pietrain sow, the piglet of cultivating piglet then and will having a HalN gene is included breeding population in.

Steps A) in, the First Principles of constructional base breeding population is at first to select the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHalN, and next selects the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHaln, selects the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalnHaln at last.

Step B) in, the apolegamy measure is at first to select the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHalN, and next selects the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHaln to breed, and accelerates the HalN gene frequency of raising Pietrain pigs of future generation colony.For example the mating pattern that can select comprises HalNHalN * HalNHalN, HalNHalN * HalNHaln, HalNHaln * HalNHalN, HalNHaln * HalNHaln and HalNHalN * HalnHaln.Preferred HalNHalN * HalNHalN, HalNHalN * HalNHaln, the mating pattern of HalNHaln * HalNHalN, the more preferably mating pattern of HalNHalN * HalNHalN.

Step C) in, the seed selection measure is to keep the genotypic pig of HalNHalN energetically, the genotypic pig of HalNHaln of selecting and remain according to qualifications, the genotypic pig of strict rejecting HalnHaln.

Another object of the present invention is in the appearance probability of stress reaction that reduces the Pietrain swinery and PSE meat, indexs such as the carcass trait of raising Pietrain swinery, growth performance.

Therefore the less important principle of constructional base breeding population is to get the high Pietrain pigs of multiple selection index SI value to include basic breeding population in, wherein $\mathrm{SI}=0.06\frac{P_1}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_1}}+0.06\frac{P_2}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_2}}+0.135\frac{P_3}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_3}}+0.144\frac{P_4}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_4}}.$

Step B) in, another measure of apolegamy is to get the high Pietrain pigs of multiple selection index SI value to breed.

Step C) in, gets the high Pietrain pigs of multiple selection index SI value as boar.

Step C) in, cultivates piglet and also carry out elimination system when choosing seeds and select, when piglet 28 ± 4 ages in days, carry out selecting and remain first time, supersededly have a delicate constitution, poor, the depauperation person of build appearance; Carry out selecting and remain the second time in Pietrain pigs 120 ± 10 ages in days, to the minority depauperation, body weight is eliminated less than 40kg and build appearance difference person; Select and remain strict rejecting vulva deformity or depauperation, umbilical hernia person for the third time in Pietrain pigs 180 ± 10 ages in days; During seed selection simultaneously with reference to its father and mother farrow performance and growth performance born of the same parents.

In basic breeding population and each seed selection from generation to generation, adopt the PCR-RFLPs method to detect the Hal gene of Pietrain pigs.

In basic breeding population and each seed selection from generation to generation, the boar of selecting and remain is several more than 120, and male and female pig ratio is 1: 4～6.

In the seed selection process of no fluothane recessive gene Pietrain pigs, the First Principles of seed selection and selective pairing is preferably to adopt HalNHalN genotype Pietrain pigs, next adopts HalNHaln genotype Pietrain pigs, adopt HalnHaln genotype Pietrain pigs at last, utilize this method can improve the HalN gene frequency and the HalNHalN genotype frequency of Pietrain pigs colony fast; The less important principle of seed selection and selective pairing is to select the high Pietrain pigs of multiple selection index SI value, can be by selecting the high Pietrain pigs of multiple selection index SI value to match seed selection so that the productivity of Pietrain pigs colony descends to such an extent that be unlikely to too fast, have an opportunity simultaneously other outstanding proterties such as trunk performance, the growth performance etc. of non-HalNHalN genotype Pietrain pigs are fixed on the tool HalNHalN genotype Pietrain pigs gradually, improve each productivity of whole Pietrain swinery.

The positive progressive effect that the present invention obtains is:

In the Pietrain pigs colony that selects, HalnHaln genotype Pietrain pigs is rejected away fully, and the Haln gene frequency also is 0 substantially, stress not with PSE meat; The Pietrain pigs average daily gain is up to 740g in the colony, and lean meat percentage is also more than 72%.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1 constructional base breeding population

The Pietrain pigs in the pig farm, the Pietrain pigs ear tissue sample on suitable prosperous agriculture tea canopy original seed pig farm, Beijing are planted by Pietrain pigs, great river, the Shanghai livestock and poultry company of getting Animal Husbandary and Veterinary Inst., Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science test pig farm, adopt document [Tan Yongsong, open like blue or green, Zhang Zhongming, He Yuying, Liu Honglin, Wang Lin cloud .PCR-RFLPs detection method is built application among the group at no fluothane recessive gene Pietrain pigs. the Shanghai Agricultural journal, 2001,17 (3): 34-37] the PCR-RFLPs method of report detects the halothane of Pietrain pigs.

And every Pietrain pigs on record Animal Husbandary and Veterinary Inst., Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science test pig farm reach indexs such as 100kg age in days, feed conversion rate, the live body thickness of backfat, eye muscle area, calculate multiple selection index SI (Selection Index).According to the SI value of all Pietrain pigs, down select until needed number of constructional base seed selection group from peak.

Wherein, $\mathrm{SI}=W_1{h}_1^2\frac{P_1}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_1}}+W_2{h}_2^2\frac{P_2}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_2}}+\·\·\·\·\·\·W_n{h}_n^2\frac{P_n}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_n}}$

In the formula: W represents the Economic Importance of proterties, flexible strategy W ₁+ W ₂+ ... W _n=1.0

h ²The heritability of=proterties, The population mean of=a certain proterties, the individual phenotypic value of a certain proterties of P=.

Pietrain pigs selects four proterties to take in altogether, is respectively the age in days P that reaches 100kg that represents growth traits ₁With feed conversion rate P ₂, represent the live body thickness of backfat P of carcass trait ₃With eye muscle area P ₄, then pairing character inheritance power is respectively: h ₁ ²=0.30, H ₂ ²=0.30, H ₃ ²=0.45, h ₄ ²=0.48, according to breeding objective, the Economic Importance of above-mentioned four proterties of Pietrain pigs is respectively: W ₁=20%, W ₂=20%, W ₃=30%, W ₄=30%, the multiple selection index of Pietrain pigs then

$\mathrm{SI}=20\%\×0.30\×\frac{P_1}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_1}}+20\%\×0.30\×\frac{P_2}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_2}}+30\%\×0.45\×\frac{P_3}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_3}}+30\%\×0.48\×\frac{P_4}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_4}}$

$=0.06\frac{P_1}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_1}}+0.06\frac{P_2}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_2}}+0.135\frac{P_3}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_3}}+0.144\frac{P_4}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_4}}$

The result: all Pietrain pigs all do not detect the HalN gene, are the HalnHaln genotype, according to multiple selection index SI value select altogether 120 of HalnHaln genotype Pietrain pigs, 15 boars have 5 blood lineages.

Embodiment 2 imports has the outer blood generation one of HalN gene Pietrain pigs pig from generation to generation

Introduce the genealogy of law Pietrain pigs seminal fluid that contains the N gene from France, in time 10 Pietrain sows in the basic breeding population of embodiment 1 are carried out artificial insemination according to conventional method, produce one from generation to generation, PCR-RFLPs method detection one is the Hal gene of pig from generation to generation.

The result: after testing, common property is given birth to 127 piglets, has 19 of the Pietrain heterozygote piglets of HalN gene, includes in the breeding population.

Embodiment 3 seed selections enlarge HalN gene Pietrain pigs individual number and HalNHalN genotype Pietrain pigs individuality occurs

Adopt the mating pattern of HalNHaln * HalNHaln, enlarge the Pietrain pigs individual number that contains the HalN gene as much as possible, also expectation can obtain the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHalN simultaneously.In order to make full use of the HalN gene of Pietrain boar, also adopt HalNHaln * HalnHaln mating pattern simultaneously, contain the Pietrain pigs individual number of HalN gene with expansion.

Employing is that the ancestral builds the method that to be method combine with colony subculture selection-breeding method, cultivates Pietrain boar and sow, according to above-mentioned mating pattern farrowing pig and choose seeds, sets up detailed archives material for every Pietrain pigs.When piglet is born, gather the ear tissue sample, utilize the PCR-RFLPs method to detect halothane and genotype thereof; When piglet 28 ages in days, carry out selecting and remain the first time, eliminate have a delicate constitution, poor, the depauperation person of build appearance; Carry out selecting and remain the second time in 4 monthly ages of Pietrain pigs, to the minority depauperation, body weight is eliminated less than 40kg and build appearance difference person; Select and remain strict rejecting vulva deformity or depauperation, umbilical hernia person for the third time in 6 monthly ages of Pietrain pigs.According to halothane and genotype thereof, keep HalNHalN genotype, HalNHaln genotype and the genotypic Pietrain pigs of outstanding HalnHaln at last as boar, the SI value that calculates according to the trunk performance and the growth performance index of every Pietrain pigs simultaneously, select 120 boars from high to low, the male and female ratio is 1: 5, during seed selection simultaneously with reference to its father and mother farrow performance and growth performance born of the same parents.

Wherein, $\mathrm{SI}=0.06\frac{P_1}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_1}}+0.06\frac{P_2}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_2}}+0.135\frac{P_3}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_3}}+0.144\frac{P_4}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_4}}$

The Hal gene situation of each generation Pietrain pigs of table 1

Remarks: 0 in the form is the underlying group Pietrain pigs from generation to generation, and 1 promptly is the piglet of embodiment 2 from generation to generation

As can be seen from Table 1, through autotelic seed selection breeding, the HalN frequency of each Pietrain pigs from generation to generation presents ascendant trend, has occurred individual 12 of HalNHalN Pietrain pigs from generation to generation to 2.

Embodiment 4 continues by improve the Pietrain pigs HalNHalN of colony genotype frequency for seed selection

Employing is that the ancestral builds the method that to be method combine with colony subculture selection-breeding method, cultivate Pietrain boar and sow, according to HalNHalN * HalNHaln, HalNHaln * HalNHalN, HalNHaln * HalNHaln, HalNHalN * HalnHaln mating pattern apolegamy farrowing pig and choose seeds, set up detailed archives material for every Pietrain pigs, record reaches data such as 100kg age in days, feed conversion rate, the live body thickness of backfat, eye muscle area.The ear tissue sample is gathered in piglet birth back, utilizes the PCR-RFLPs method to detect halothane and genotype thereof; When piglet 28 ages in days, carry out selecting and remain the first time, eliminate have a delicate constitution, poor, the depauperation person of build appearance; Carry out selecting and remain the second time in 4 monthly ages of Pietrain pigs, to the minority depauperation, body weight is eliminated less than 40kg and build appearance difference person; Select and remain strict rejecting vulva deformity or depauperation, umbilical hernia person for the third time in 6 monthly ages of Pietrain pigs.At last according to halothane and genotype thereof, keep the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHalN energetically, the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHaln of selecting and remain according to qualifications, the strict genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalnHaln of rejecting, the SI value that calculates according to the trunk performance and the growth performance index of every Pietrain pigs simultaneously, select 120 boars from high to low, male and female ratio 1: 5, during seed selection simultaneously with reference to its father and mother farrow performance and growth performance born of the same parents.

Wherein, $\mathrm{SI}=0.06\frac{P_1}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_1}}+0.06\frac{P_2}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_2}}+0.135\frac{P_3}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_3}}+0.144\frac{P_4}{\stackrel{\‾}{P_4}}$

The Hal gene situation of each generation Pietrain pigs of table 2

Remarks: 1 in the form, 2 is respectively the piglet quantity of embodiment 2,3 from generation to generation.

As can be seen from Table 2, through autotelic seed selection breeding, the HalNHalN genotype frequency of each Pietrain pigs from generation to generation presents ascendant trend, to 5 from generation to generation HalNHalN genotype Pietrain pigs frequencies reached 87.83%, and the HalN gene frequency rises to 93.9%.

The detection of embodiment 5 halothanes

Adopt the PCR-RFLPs method to detect to end from year August in November, 2003 to 2007 28 batches halothane and the genotype thereof of totally 994 replacement gilts, the result is as shown in table 3.

Each batch of table 3 halothane testing result

Annotate: the censorship sum is not too consistent with the detection sum, fails to detect because of reasons such as censorship sample or DNA extractings, and halothane testing result and seed selection are according to all being as the criterion to detect sum

As can be seen from Table 3, although the frequency change that HalN gene and HalNHalN genotype occur between different detect batch is bigger, pickup all one's life one relation from generation to generation between each batch, but if with the year be unit all in all, there is an overall trend in whole colony, As time goes on that be exactly, the frequency of HalN gene is increasing in the colony, the genotypic frequency of HalNHalN is increasing, and the HalNHaln genotype frequency is descending relatively, through constantly on purpose apolegamy, finally rejected the HalnHaln genotype.This explanation is along with seed selection deeply carries out, and colony eliminates the Haln gene just step by step, and towards the development of HalNHalN genotype colony, concrete gene and genotype frequency development trend can be referring to tables 4.

Each batch of table 4 halothane different genotype and gene frequency

Embodiment 6 fattening trials and slaughter determining

Choose identical or close, body weight of the date of birth Pietrain piglet about about 25～30kg greatly, be divided into 3 groups when carrying out fattening trial according to HalNHalN, HalNHaln, HalnHaln genotype, every group is no less than 6, take by weighing the test starting weight one by one, whenever reach 1 month then and claim an individual weight, finish to fattening trial.

During slaughter determining, choose the test pig about 90～95kg, 3 of every group selections are butchered, and left trunk is measured, right trunk split-plot experiment.The result is as shown in table 5.

Table 5 fattening slaughter experiment result

Conclusion: reject the Haln gene Pietrain pork meat be improved significantly, the genotypic Pietrain pork of the HalNHalN of particularly having, yellowish pink scarlet, marble grain is obvious, glossy, flexible, and the genotypic Pietrain pork of tool HalnHaln, typical PSE meat appears in yellowish pink pale, soft, infiltration.The tender degree of the genotypic pork of tool HalNHalN is better than the HalnHaln genotype, and intramuscular fat content also is higher than the latter, and this illustrates that the former obviously is better than the latter by meat.Genotypic its every index of HalNHaln between HalNHalN and HalNHaln genotype, the more inclined to one side HalNHalN genotype that is bordering on.And the carcass lean meat percentage of the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHalN of the present invention is also up to 72.89%.

Claims (10)

1. the selection of a Pietrain pigs, it comprises the steps:

A) constructional base breeding population has a Pietrain pigs with HalN gene at least in this colony;

B) cultivate Pietrain boar and sow and match farrowing, the apolegamy measure is that at least one head has the HalN gene in every pair of Pietrain male and female pig of breeding, improves the HalN gene frequency of Pietrain pigs of future generation colony;

C) cultivate piglet and choosing seeds, the seed selection measure is the Hal gene that detects each piglet, and the high Pietrain pigs with Haln gene of select and remain Pietrain pigs with HalN gene and multiple selection index is as boar;

D) repeating step B) and step C) 5～10 times.

2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in basic breeding population steps A), Pietrain pigs with HalN gene is that the Pietrain boar semen that will have the HalN gene imports to the Pietrain sow, cultivates the piglet with HalN gene then and includes breeding population in.

3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: steps A), the First Principles of constructional base breeding population is at first to select the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHalN, next selects the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHaln, select the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalnHaln at last, the less important principle of constructional base breeding population is to get the high Pietrain pigs of multiple selection index to include basic breeding population in.

4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: step B), the apolegamy measure is at first to select the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHalN, and next selects the genotypic Pietrain pigs of HalNHaln to breed, and accelerates the HalN gene frequency of raising Pietrain pigs of future generation colony.

5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: step B), mating pattern comprises HalNHalN * HalNHalN, HalNHalN * HalNHaln, HalNHaln * HalNHalN, HalNHaln * HalNHaln and HalNHalN * HalnHaln.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: step C), described seed selection measure is to keep the genotypic pig of HalNHalN, and the genotypic pig of HalNHaln of selecting and remain is according to qualifications strictly rejected the genotypic pig of HalnHaln.

7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: step C), another measure of described seed selection is to get the high Pietrain pigs of multiple selection index as boar.

8. as claim 1,6 or 7 described methods, it is characterized in that: step C), cultivate piglet and also carry out elimination system when choosing seeds and select, when piglet 28 ± 4 ages in days, carry out selecting and remain first time, supersededly have a delicate constitution, poor, the depauperation person of build appearance; Carry out selecting and remain the second time in Pietrain pigs 120 ± 10 ages in days, to the minority depauperation, body weight is eliminated less than 40kg and build appearance difference person; Select and remain strict rejecting vulva deformity or depauperation, umbilical hernia person for the third time in Pietrain pigs 180 ± 10 ages in days; During seed selection simultaneously with reference to its father and mother farrow performance and growth performance born of the same parents.

9. as claim 1,3 or 7 described methods, it is characterized in that: described multiple selection index

Wherein,

The population mean of representing a certain proterties, P are represented the individual phenotypic value of a certain proterties, and 1,2,3,4 represent to reach age in days, feed conversion rate, the live body thickness of backfat and four proterties of eye muscle area of 100kg respectively.

10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt the PCR-RFLPs method to detect the Hal gene of Pietrain pigs.