CN101828539A - Method for breeding Sujiang pig variety - Google Patents
Method for breeding Sujiang pig variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding Sujiang pigs and belongs to the field of industrial livestock production. The method for breeding the Sujiang pigs comprises: performing complex crossbreeding of Jiangquhai pigs and Fengjing pigs, which serve as female parents, and Duroc pigs serving as male parents to obtain a zero-generation fundamental population; and obtaining a Sujiang pig variety which has a 18.75 percent blood relationship with Jiangquhai pigs, a 18.75 percent blood relationship with Fengjing pigs and a 62.5 percent blood relationship with Duroc pigs by six generations of population continuing selection and breeding. The method combines a modern conventional breeding technique and a polygenic polymerization auxiliary breeding technique, and performs selection and breeding of multiple generations continuously. The Sujiang pigs have the advantages of large litter size, high carcass lean meat content and high-quality meat, and can produce high-quality commercial pork products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of new product boar.
Background technology
In past more than 50 year, genetic improvement to pig mainly concentrates on raising growth rate and carcass lean meat percentage, developed country is by under standardization raising condition, through long-term seed selection, daily gain, efficiency of feed utilization and the carcass lean meat percentage of commodity lean meat pig are brought up to a high level, but raising along with these performances, meat quality occur to become bad trend, be subjected to the world today raise pigs fields such as science, meat science, Animal Genetics, Physiology and biochemistry science scientist attention and become the key subjects of research.
China for a long time, utilize external several main lean meat species product boars such as Large White, Landrace, duroc and Hampshire etc., the local pig of China is carried out binary and three way cross, or directly utilize foreign kind to carry out foreign three way cross, to improving China's pig industry level of production, the meat problem of eating that solves China people has played great role, obtains significant achievement, China has become world's amount of livestock on hand the first of raising pigs, the country of pork output first.But, present domestic pig industry and pork commodity market, not good to pure outer " foreign ternary " pork pig of planting hybridization because of its meat difference and pork taste, be not subjected to the welcome of consumers in general and meat processing enterprise, and cause the tremendous economic loss, it is reported, the U.S. loses about 3.2 hundred million dollars because PSE meat is annual, only index because muscular system waterpower descends is just lost about 1000 tons of porks every year.The meat of poor quality that produces in the Denmark market pig accounts for 10% China's domestic goods pig meat of poor quality and also causes considerable damage.In addition, contain 50% local pig blood lineage or 50% above blood lineage's hybridization market pig, because of its trunk is fertile, the slow and food utilization rate variance of growth rate is not welcome by the producer, meat processing enterprise and pig consumer also.
Since the eighties in 20th century, international livestock and poultry breeding enters molecular level when using traditional breeding method, and the breeding of pig progressively develops into the stage that conventional breeding combines with molecular breeding from conventional breeding.According to studies show that both at home and abroad, the characters of number born of pig, growth traits, carcass trait and meat proterties are to be subjected to some minor genes synergistic, the proterties that has is certainly played a major role by the bigger major gene resistance of effect also.Now clearer and more definite is that halothane (Hal gene) is the major gene resistance that influences meat quality, and it is positioned on No. 6 chromosomes of pig; Female hormone receptor gene (the ESR gene is on chromosome) and short ovarian follicle receptor beta subunit have adopted marker assisted selection (MAS) to use in the practice of raising pigs because of (FSH β gene) is major gene resistance or the bigger gene of effect that influences the pigsty litter size.But the domestic educational circles of raising pigs, the overwhelming majority is influenced the candidate gene of reproductive trait, growth traits, carcass trait, meat proterties and disease-resistant proterties, because many-sided condition restriction also is in conceptual phase, be in its polymorphism of research or study it and the relevance stage of above-mentioned proterties, do not see in colony's subculture seed selection of cultivating the new product boar the actual breeding method of tying mutually at each generation applying gene polymerization assistant breeding technology and traditional breeding method as yet.
The cultivation of new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig, main purpose is that Jiang Qu sea pig, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) characteristic trait that the nest litter size is many, meat is excellent and duroc fast growth, characteristic trait that carcass lean meat percentage is high are combined, it is many to make the new varieties of breeding both have the nest litter size, have the productivity characteristics that growth is fast, carcass lean meat percentage is high and meat is good again, the needs that adapt to domestic and international live hog and pork meat market better promote China's pig industry development.
China cultivates the method that new varieties (being) pig is adopted two kinds and three kind improved crossing basically now.Two inter breed crossings, one of its parent is external lean meat species product boar for place of china product boar and one.Three inter breed crossings, its parent is most of with two external lean meat species product boars and a place of china product boar; Three inter breed crossings of only a few, its parent is with the local pig of two China and an external lean meat species product boar.New varieties Soviet Union ginger pig has been adopted three product boar hybridization, its parent is the young place of china kind Jiang Qu that number is many, meat is good sea pig of two nests and maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig), and a parent is external duroc, and the such kind blood lineage of Soviet Union ginger pig forms and just three parental breed pigs were utilized PCR-RFLP method rejecting Hal before hybridization
NnThe genotype individuality, this does not appear in the newspapers at home, has the novelty assessment report book to be card.Our another innovative technology in new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig breeding method is in new varieties colony subculture seed selection process, each is bred and utilize ESR gene and FSHP gene Selection nest litter size to utilize gene and POU1F1 gene assisted Selection daily gain from generation to generation continuously, utilizes H-FABP gene assisted Selection muscle fat content.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to cultivate and contain suitable Jiangsu landrace Jiang Qu sea pig, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (claiming the Taihu Lake pig again) blood lineage and external duroc blood lineage, the nest litter size is many, meat good, the new varieties of the high lean meat percentage ginger pig of reviving is arranged again.Make it contain 18.75% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage, 18.7% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage and 62.5% duroc pig blood lineage.About 14.0 of breeding swinery multiparity sow nest litter sizes, more than the average daily gain stage of fattening 600g, efficiency of feed utilization 3.3 is butchered carcass lean meat percentage about 56% during the 90kg body weight, and meat is good: PH
16.0, yellowish pink scoring and marble grain scoring more than 3.0, intramuscular fat content be more than 3.0%.
Preferred two-way cross fattening pig productivity: more than body weight 20～90kg average daily gain stage of fattening 650g, efficiency of feed utilization 3.25, carcass lean meat percentage are more than 60%, and meat is good.
The build appearance: whole body is by hair black, and ear median size, sagging is chewed in the tube isometricly and more straight, and back of the body waist is flat, and linea ventralis is more flat, and rear quarters is plentiful, and nipple is more than 7 pairs.
The breeding method of new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig is that the modern traditional breeding method of employing is that colony's subculture seed selection and multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology combine among the present invention.
Modern traditional breeding method comprises: underlying group is set up from generation to generation, the boar selection scheme is drafted for selection of initial parent swinery and hybridization, breeding zero, boar performance measurement and selection, apolegamy programming etc.
Multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology comprises: ESR gene and the FSH β gene of selecting to utilize control sow nest litter size; The H-FABP gene of control intramuscular fat content; The PPU1F1 gene of control growing speed, selective advantage genotype male and female pig individuality is set up seed selection underlying group (zero from generation to generation), each continues to adopt multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology from generation to generation from generation to generation to six from generation to generation from one, it is selective advantage genotype kind male and female pig, and tie nest litter size, daily gain and the intramuscular fat content of this male and female, improve the reliability of seed selection, establish the apolegamy scheme, investigate the seed selection effect at the next one from generation to generation again.
The breeding method of the said new varieties of the present invention Soviet Union ginger pig is:
The first step: initial parent pig hybridizes the maternal stage of the assorted generation of generation: with 34 of the landrace Jiang Qu of Jiangsu Province sea pigs and 2 hybridization of maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) boar, the assorted generation boar of institute's output is eliminated, select 66 conducts of outstanding assorted generation maple ginger sow maternal, set up assorted generation sow group;
Second step: hybridization produces the parent flock stage of zero generation: with external U.S. system, platform is that 22 blood lineages of duroc (22) make male parent, be divided into A, B, a C3 group, 8 Du Luoke boars of B group and 24 Du Feng ginger male and female pigs that assorted generation maple ginger sow hybridization produces select outstanding person to reserve seed for planting.8 Du Luoke of A group and 24 Du Feng ginger male and female pigs that assorted generation maple ginger sow hybridization is produced are eliminated boar, and 18 the Du Feng ginger sows of only selecting and remain out hybridize it again with 6 Du Luoke boars of C group, produce Du Feng ginger male and female pig;
The 3rd step: traversed by produced for zero underlying group stage generation: carry out positive and negative mating with Du Feng ginger male and female pig and Du Du Feng ginger male and female pig, the offspring who is produced forms the basic swinery of zero generation of new varieties, boar contains 12 blood lineages, sow is selected and remain 100, it contains 18.75% Jiang Qu sea pig blood, 18.75% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage and 62.5% duroc blood lineage;
The 4th step: colony's subculture seed selection stage:, 1 year generation, carry out the seed selection of 6 generations continuously with colony's subculture breeding technique and multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology.
New varieties according to claim 1 Soviet Union ginger pig breeding method is characterized in that:
The selection of the female swinery of described assorted generation maple ginger is: select and remain when 45 ages in days wean for the first time, select the quilt hair complete black, it is good to grow, and more than the body weight 8.0kg, effective nipple is more than 7 pairs, and brood piglet nothing left passes illness.Select and remain when 120 ages in days for the second time, mainly eliminate retarded growth, the short short and little individuality of body weight of body body.Select and remain for the third time when 180 ages in days, foundation body weight this moment, the average thickness of backfat of live body are drafted multiple selection index in conjunction with the profile scoring, select and remain according to exponential quantity.Select and remain 80 of assorted generation maple ginger sows are participated in next step hybridization.
Described assorted generation maple ginger sow contains 50% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage and 50% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage, the average nest litter size of its first farrowing sow is 12.48, the average nest litter size of multiparity sow is 15.54, newborn piglet individual weight 0.89kg, 45 age in days weanling weight 8.46kg, fattening pig average daily gain 400g, carcass lean meat percentage 42.86%.
Breeding method according to above-mentioned new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig is characterized in that:
The parent pig Du Feng ginger of zero generation of described new varieties and the selection of Du Du maple ginger pig are:
Select and remain at 45 ages in days for the first time, select the quilt hair complete black, it is good to grow, the above person of body weight 8.0kg;
Select and remain when 120 ages in days for the second time, mainly eliminate retarded growth, the short short and little individuality of body weight of body body;
Select and remain for the third time when 180 ages in days, foundation body weight this moment, the average thickness of backfat of live body in conjunction with the profile scoring, are drafted multiple selection index, select and remain according to exponential quantity.Select and remain 80 of sows, 12 of boars (12 blood lineages);
When being chosen in sow for the 4th time and just weaning postpartum, sow is selected with the breeding achievement (litter size) of itself, and boar is selected with sow breeding achievement born of the same parents (litter size), all by the compound breeding value selection of litter size;
Described hybrid male and female pig contains 50% or 75% duroc blood lineage, 25% blood lineage of containing maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) 12.5% blood lineage and containing Jiang Qu sea pig 12.5% or two kinds, the average litter size of its first farrowing sow is at 12.0, the average litter size of multiparity sow is at 14.5, fattening pig average daily gain 520g, efficiency of feed utilization 3.36, carcass lean meat percentage 55%～56%.
Breeding method according to the described new varieties of right 1 Soviet Union ginger pig is characterized in that:
The selection of described new varieties Soviet Union's zero generation of ginger pig is:
Select and remain when 45 ages in days wean for the first time, select the quilt hair complete black, it is good to grow, and body weight is the above person of 8.0kg;
Select and remain at 120 ages in days for the second time, mainly eliminate retarded growth, the short short and little individuality of body weight of body body;
Select and remain for the third time at 180 ages in days, foundation body weight this moment, the average thickness of backfat of live body in conjunction with the profile scoring, are drafted multiple selection index, select and remain according to exponential quantity;
Select and remain for the 4th time when sow is just weaned postpartum, sow is with the breeding achievement (litter size) of itself, and boar is selected with sow breeding achievement born of the same parents (litter size), all selects by the compound breeding value of litter size.
Described new varieties zero pig from generation to generation contain 18.75% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage, 18.75% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage and 62.5% duroc blood lineage.17 of the highest nest litter sizes of zero generation sow, the average nest litter size of primiparity is 11.80, and multiparity sow nest litter size per family is 14.24, and the fattening pig average daily gain is 670g, and efficiency of feed utilization is 3.30, carcass lean meat percentage 55%～57.66%.It is 12 boars (12 blood lineages), 100 sows that zero generation selected and remain, and avoids full sibs and half-sib mating according to pedigree during breeding.
Breeding method according to above-mentioned new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig is characterized in that:
Described generation interval, each generation select and remain and eliminate foundation, multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology: for the boar of 1,2,3,4,5,6 generations, adopt about 7～8 monthly ages of sow, body weight 90kg, 10 monthly ages of boar, breed about body weight 100kg, concentrate in March basically and finish breeding in one month.Each generation sow primiparity offspring reserves seed for planting (standard of selecting and remain is with zero from generation to generation) through four selections, the seed selection group of next generation of the replacement gilt recomposition that stays, and each keeps 12 (12 blood lineages) boars, 100 sows, about 1.0 years generations from generation to generation.
Described multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology is: at first to 34 Jiang Qu seas of the initial parent of described new varieties sow, 2 maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pigs (Taihu Lake pig) boar and external 22 of lean meat kind Du Luoke boars (22 blood lineages), all adopt the PCR-RFLP method to detect halothane (Hal gene) by head, eliminating the stress sensitive genotype is Hal
NnBoar, the genotype of only selecting and remain is Hal
NNBoar, guarantee that initial parent swinery genetic background is good, make new varieties can not produce PSE and DFD meat of poor quality.
The 1st generation in the seed selection of group's subculture, just begin to use multiple gene polymerization assisted Selection technology and be used to cultivate new varieties.Selected gene has the female hormone receptor gene (ESR gene), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor beta subunit of control nest litter size because of (FSH
βGene), select and remain the preponderant genotype BB genotype and the genotypic male and female pig of the AB individuality of two genes; Select to influence the hypophysis transcripton (POU1F1 gene) of daily gain in pigs, select its preponderant genotype DD type male and female pig; Use heart fat acid binding protein gene (H-FABP gene), selecting its preponderant genotype is the male and female pig of DD type.At each from generation to generation during male and female pig 180 ages in days, with above-mentioned preponderant genotype as the assisted Selection condition, in conjunction with this male and female pig select and remain boar and draft the apolegamy plan of the piglet number brood born of the same parents of nascent and selection index value.This kind assisted Selection technology is applied successively to 2,3,4,5 each generation of colony's subculture seed selection of breeding of new varieties pig.
Jiang Qu sea pig belongs to sea, China river type pig kind, and by hair black, head is short, ear median size, and the body body is short, and four limbs are shorter, and abdomen is sagging greatly, and the thin hair of skin is rare.Mainly be distributed in the ground such as Jiangyan City, Xinghua, Hai'an, Jiangdu, Taixing in Jiangsu.100 of Jiang Qu sea breeding sows are preserved on pig kind pig farm, existing state-run Jiang Qu sea, and Jiang Qu sea pig is put into national local pig breed and protects kind of a register, by cultivation new product boar valuable genetic resources is provided.
Through its The Characters of germplasm characteristic research be to Jiang Qu sea pig:
(1) reproductive performance: 11.08 ± 0.31 of the average nest litter sizes of first farrowing sow, average producing lived young several 10.54 ± 0.31; 14.10 ± 0.14 of the average nest litter sizes of multiparity sow, average producing lived young several 13.44 ± 0.14.
(2) grow: piglet birth weight 0.74kg, the heavy 7.95kg of ablactation in 45 days, sow body weight 136.20kg, the long 127.29cm of body, height 65.56cm, chest measurement 126.50cm.
(3) finishing ability: under higher nutritional condition, body weight 10～80kg period average daily gain is 590g, and every weightening finish 1kg consumes fine fodder 2.96kg, green fodder 2.60kg, dressing percentage 71.23%, average fat thickness 4.51cm, carcass lean meat percentage 42.54%, trunk fat percentage 37.78%.
Maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig): belong to sea, the river type pig kind of China's local pig breed type, by hair black, build is medium, by hair black, chews tube length and nick, and the forehead wrinkle is less, and ear is sagging greatly, and minority has white hoof and white nose.Mainly be distributed in Kingsoft, Songjiang, Fengxian, Chuansha, the west and south of Qingpu and the Wujiang county in Jiangsu Province in Shanghai City.
Main productivity is as follows:
(1) reproductive performance: number of nipples is 17.63, and the average litter size of sow primiparity is 12.11 ± 0.13; Average product young number alive is 11.42 ± 0.12.The average litter size of multiparity sow is 15.17 ± 0.28, on average product young number alive is 14.12 ± 0.20.
(2) grow: the boar body weight 152.75 ± 10.30kg that grows up, the long 150.57 ± 3.75cm of body, chest measurement 124.00 ± 3.10cm, height 75.14 ± 2.49cm; Sow body weight 125.76 ± 1.80kg; Long 143.58 ± the 0.66cm of body, chest measurement 114.18 ± 1.09cm, height 67.96 ± 0.35cm.
Finishing ability: under the good raising condition of material, average daily gain is between 400～500g between the stage of fattening, and efficiency of feed utilization is about 4.0, and dressing percentage is 66.24%, and carcass lean meat percentage is 42%～44%, and the trunk fat ratio is 25%～29%.
External lean meat species kind duroc:
U.S. system and platform are that duroc originates in the U.S. and Taiwan respectively, and distribute very extensive this life circle.Build is big, and is red by hair, and ear is medium big, and have sharp ears is sagging, and the face nick is carried on the back little arch, and linea ventralis is more flat, and four limbs are sturdy, body body fleshiness.
(1) reproductive performance: 9～10 of the average nest litter sizes of multiparity sow.
(2) finishing ability: about average daily gain 800g, food utilization about 2.5, carcass lean meat percentage are about 64% between the stage of fattening.
The useful technique effect of the present invention:
1. conventional traditional cultivating method of new species is to select boar according to the economic characters phenotypic value, selects DeGrain.Breeding technique of the present invention improves.It is many to make the new varieties of breeding both have the nest litter size, and the carcass lean meat percentage height has the good characteristics of meat again, because one be, to three original parents of new varieties, just gathers the ear tissue sample, utilizes the PCR-RFLP inspection technology, rejects fluothane positive gene type (Hal
Nn) individuality, guaranteed that new varieties have the genetic background of good meat when breeding.The 2nd,, select litter size according to ESR preponderant genotype and FSH β preponderant genotype BB, AB to the favourable influence of nest litter size; According to the preponderant genotype DD to the POU1F1 gene of the favourable influence of daily gain, assisted Selection daily gain; According to preponderant genotype assisted Selection muscle intramuscular fat to the H-FAB β gene of the favourable influence of muscle intramuscular fat, and select and remain out each from generation to generation boar carry out the homogeneity apolegamy.In addition, utilize live body fatness measuring instrument (A is super) the average fat thickness of living body measurement, add formulation selection index such as 6 monthly age body weight, improved the accuracy of seed selection.
2. the new varieties that adopt the inventive method to cultivate have that the nest litter size is many, meat is good, efficiency of feed utilization is good, carcass lean meat percentage is high and adaptable premium properties.
3. it is maternal that new varieties of the present invention can be used as hybridization, and the two-way cross female parent of lean meat species market pig is used for the batch production production of market pig, and live hog is neatly even; Also can be used as the hybridization maternal side of supporting system.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the new varieties ginger pig breeding method technology path figure of Soviet Union of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an ESR gene PVUII restriction enzyme mapping
M:Marker pBR322; The 1:AA genotype; 2, the 4:BB genotype; 3,5,6,7,8,9,10, the 11:AB genotype
Fig. 3 is the PCR product collection of illustrative plates of FSH β gene
M:MarkerDL20004,6, the 7:BB genotype; 3, the 5:AA genotype; 1,2,8, the 9:AB genotype
Fig. 4 is a POU I F I gene M sp I restriction enzyme mapping
M:Marker DL2000+1,5000; The 1:CC genotype; The 2:CD genotype; The 3:DD genotype
Fig. 5 is a H-FABP gene PCR Hae IIIRFLP restriction enzyme mapping
M:Marker Φ X 174DNA/HinfI; 1,2, the 3:Dd genotype; 4,5,6,8:dd genotype; 7,9,10,11:DD genotype; The 12:PCR product
Embodiment:
The present invention is further illustrated by embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one:
The high farrowing of the landrace combination base of selecting two high litter sizes because of.
With landrace maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi, Jiangsu Province pig (Taihu Lake pig) boar (2) and another landrace Jiang Qu of Jiangsu Province sea pig sow (34) hybridization, produce assorted generation maple ginger pig, eliminate boar, the sow of selecting and remain, maple ginger sow contains 50% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage, 50% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage.Average 12.48 of assorted generation maple ginger sow first farrowing sow nest litter size, several 12.15 of piglet alive, several 11.79 of 45 age in days piglets.15.54 of the average nest litter sizes of multiparity sow, several 14.83 of piglet alive, 45 age in days individual weight 8.43kg.Fattening pig average daily gain 522g, efficiency of feed utilization 3.14, carcass lean meat percentage 44% has improved 2 percentage points than Jiang Qu sea pig.
Selection to assorted generation maple ginger pig:
The assorted generation maple ginger pig of selecting and remain carries out when 45 ages in days wean, and main selection requires not had hereditary illness by black entirely by hair, and physique is solid, and the bodily form all claims, the sow that weanling weight 8kg is above; Wean back to the 90kg body weight stage is measured the body weight of every pig, and feed consumption calculates daily gain and efficiency of feed utilization.Select and remain at 120 ages in days for the second time, adopt individual Phenotypic Selection, mainly eliminate retarded growth, the short short and little person of body weight of body body.Select and remain for the third time at 180 ages in days, at first carry out profile and identify, profile failure eliminates, and adopts selection index, and the 6 monthly age body weight of selecting and remain are big, the sow that the live body back fat is thin, this stage 66 the assorted generation maple ginger sows of selecting and remain out.
Embodiment two:
Introduce adventive duroc gene
To 22 U.S. systems, platforms is that duroc pursues head and carries out the PCR-RFLP method and detect, and rejects 4 Hal
NnThe Du Luoke boar, (22) are male parent with the Du Luo pig, assorted generation maple ginger pig (66) hybridizes for female parent, produces Du Feng ginger hybrid swinery and Du Du maple ginger hybrid swinery.Concrete operation method: 22 Du Luoke boars are divided into three groups of A, B, C, 6～8 every group, 8 Du Luoke boars of A group hybridize with 33 assorted generation maple ginger sows (
), the Du Feng ginger male and female pig of output eliminates boar, only stay Du Feng ginger sow, with 6 Du Luoke boar hybridization of C group output Du Du Feng ginger male and female pig, it contains 75% duroc (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage again, 12.5% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig blood lineage, 12.5% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage.8 Du Luoke boars of B group and 33 assorted generation maple ginger sow hybridization output Du Feng ginger male and female pigs, the outstanding person that selects and remain reserves seed for planting, and it contains Du Luoke blood lineage 50%, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi (Taihu Lake pig) pig blood lineage 25% and Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage 25%.The average litter size of its first farrowing sow is 12.0, and the average litter size of multiparity sow is at 14.5, fattening pig average daily gain 520g, efficiency of feed utilization 3.36, lean meat percentage 55%～56% 80 sows of respectively selecting and remain out, and 12 boars carry out the mating of next stage.
Example three:
Will Du Feng ginger pig and the mating of Du Feng ginger, produce zero swinery from generation to generation.
Concrete operation method:
Carry out mating with Du Du Feng ginger pig male and female pig and Du Feng ginger mother, boar, produce zero generation underlying group, it contains 62.5% Du Luo pig blood lineage, 18.75% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig blood lineage and 18.75% Jiang Qu pig blood lineage.
Carry out during 45 ages in days selecting and remain the first time, select brood piglet number born of the same parents many, body weight is greater than 8.0kg, and hair color is black entirely, and the bodily form is longer, well-developed piglet.
120 ages in days carry out selecting and remain the second time, and to the minority retarded growth, what body weight was little eliminates.
180 ages in days according to 180 age in days body weight, the average back fat of living body measurement, are selected in conjunction with the multiple selection index that three indexs of profile scoring are formulated, simultaneously reference compatriot's productivity (the live body thickness of backfat and body weight).Select 12 boars (12 blood lineages) at last.100 sows are formed zero swinery of seed selection from generation to generation.
Example four:
(1) carrying out that zero locking that begins from generation to generation breeds is colony's subculture seed selection: promptly per generation is with 12 boar blood lineages (12), 100 outstanding sows, form the seed selection swinery, not introducing external new gene breeds, attention is in zero inbreeding of avoiding compatriot and half sibs from generation to generation the time, and purpose is that the excellent in performance with new varieties is fixed up.
(2) generation interval: with the hybrid swinery that contains 62.5% duroc blood lineage and 18.75% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage, the extra large pig blood lineage of 18.75% Jiang Qu was zero generation, reserve seed for planting through three selections, enter the mating stage, take 10 monthly ages of boar, body weight 100kg, about 7～8 monthly age of sow body weight 90kg, in breeding in March in spring, full sibs and half-sib mating are avoided in breeding.Autumn childbirth, institute enters next from generation to generation in generation in postpartum, primiparity 1 year generation 1～6 repetitive cycling like this from generation to generation of reserving seed for planting.
(3) seed choosing method:
Select and remain for the first time: gather the ear tissue sample of newborn piglet, detect in laboratory applications PCR-RFLP method and carry out molecular labeling.
Molecular labeling operation: with the ear tissue sample of gathering, at first extract DNA (DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)), use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR) to amplify ESR gene and FSH again in the laboratory
βGene, POU1F1 gene and H-FABP gene.With the ESR gene through PVU II restriction enzyme, after cutting, enzyme carries out electrophoresis, determine to deposit three kinds of genotype (as Fig. 2) according to electrophoretic band number and position: AA genotype (120bp, close 1 band), BB genotype (55bp/65bp, close 2 bands), AB genotype (120bp, SSbp/65bp closes 3 bands).FSH
βGene is used same detection method, and obtains three kinds of genotype (as Fig. 3): AA genotype (500bp closes 1 band), BB genotype (200bp closes 1 band), AB genotype (500bp/200bp closes 2 bands).ESR gene and FSH
βThe preponderant genotype of gene is BB gene and AB genotype.With the POU1F1 gene, adding MSP-I enzyme enzyme cuts, enzyme is cut product and is carried out electrophoresis, determine to exist three kinds of genotype (as Fig. 4) according to electrophoretic band number and position: DD genotype (420bp, close 3 bands), CC genotype (168bp, 420bp, close 2 bands), CD genotype (168bp, 850bp/830bp, 420bp close 4 bands), preponderant genotype is the DD genotype.Adopt same procedure (as Fig. 5), the preponderant genotype that draws the H-FABP gene is as the DD genotype.
Select ESR genotype and FSH
βGenotype is the individuality (male and female pig) of BB type and AB type, and POU1F1 genotype and H-FABP genotype are the individuality of DD type.
Carry out selecting and remain the second time during wean of piglet 45 ages in days: select by hair black, it is good to grow, the male and female piglet of body weight more than 8kg.
The children pig is selected and remain during 120 ages in days: to the minority retarded growth, the body body is short short, and the following pig of body weight 36kg is eliminated.
Replacement gilt is selected and remain during 180 ages in days: for the pig method that adopts multiple gene polymerization assisted Selection technology to combine with a conventional selection index replacement gilt of selecting and remain from generation to generation.
Concrete operations are, eliminate minority profile failure, and the multiple selection index of forming according to 6 monthly age body weight, live body back fat and profile score value then is in conjunction with the detected ESR of nascent, FSH
β, POU1F1, H-FABP gene preponderant genotype finally determine the male and female replacement gilt, stay 12 of boars, 100 of sows are formed new breeding group from generation to generation, so are circulated to 6 from generation to generation.
Each stage selection of boar and selection index are as follows:
Phase I is selected:
Select time: when weaning for piglet 45 ages in days.
Selection principle:, keep the boar blood lineage as far as possible for staying primary election more.
System of selection: 1, at first wash in a pan shape and heredity occurs and decrease the full nest piglet (or only staying the minority sow therein) levied and the profile individuality (referring to that hair color, head dummy, nipple number do not meet the strain requirement) that oversteps the bounds;
2, mainly select litter size,, elect the master as with nest in conjunction with the piglet growth growth by the compound breeding value size of mother's litter size.Select 1 boar, 2～3 above sows as mensurations of growing (male and female pig hive off raisings, the hurdle raising of boar list) in every nest piglet.
[1], from 11 above nests of the first-born sow nest litter size (big nest), selects and remain;
[2], weanling weight is more than the same period full group mean body weight;
[3], build appearance: hair color is black entirely, and head dummy, build meet the strain requirement, and the nipple number is no less than 14;
The compound breeding value formula of litter size: I
x=b
0+ b
1p
1+ b
2P
2+ b
3p
3
Selection intensity:
[1] boar selects 15%～20% (selecting) approximately in weanling pig;
[2] sow selects 75% (selecting) approximately in weanling pig
Second stage is selected:
Select time: be 120 ages in days.
Selection principle: take the circumstances into consideration to eliminate the individual and more sow individuality of minority boar.
System of selection: individual Phenotypic Selection, superseded build appearance is poor, and daily gain is lower than 1.5 standard deviation persons and suffers from the patient.The build appearance requires to meet lean meat species: neck, shoulder compactness, back of the body waist are grown, the leg stern is plentiful.
Phase III is selected:
Select time: 180 ages in days.
Selection principle: be the emphasis choice phase,, strengthen selection intensity, eliminate more improving under the target of selecting accuracy.
System of selection: [1] is at first carried out profile and is identified (the profile standard of perfection is seen Appendix), and failure not join index selects.[2] adopt selection index: form by 3 proterties, i.e. 6 monthly age body weight (P
1), 6 monthly age live body back-fat thickness (P
2) physique external form (P
3), full group mean body weight of 6 monthly ages
The full group mean thickness of backfat of 6 monthly ages
The full cluster mean of physique profile
Selection intensity: boar is selected to be about weaning stage and selects and remain severally 10%～20%, and sow is selected to be about weaning stage and selects and remain several about 30%.
The quadravalence section is selected: select time is that sow is when just weaning postpartum.Selection principle is that sow is selected with the breeding achievement of itself, and boar is selected with sow breeding achievement born of the same parents.System of selection: select by the compound breeding value formula of litter size.
I
x＝b
0+b
1p
1+b
2p
2+b
3p
3
In the formula: I
xN metric averaging breeding value of litter size for all x itself; b
0For returning intercept; b
1, b
2, b
3Be respectively itself, half sibs, mother's average farrowing I
xPartial regression coefficient.
P
1Be n metric averaging phenotypic value of the litter size of individual x own
P
2Be n metric averaging phenotypic value of individual x half sibs litter size
P
3N metric averaging phenotypic value of mother's litter size for individual x
The core group that each 12 stock boar (12 blood lineages) of selecting and remain at last from generation to generation, 100 breeding sows are formed this generation is matched.When zero boar from generation to generation and insemination of sows, should note avoiding full sibs and half-sib mating.
(4) productivity of new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig:
Through the locking breeding of 1～6 generation, the multiple gene polymerization assisted Selection combines with conventional multiple selection index, has cultivated a new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig, its productivity index:
Reproductive performance: new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig sow primiparity piglet number is 11.50, and the average nest litter size of multiparity sow is about 14, and person's nest litter size is 17 at most.
Growth performance and carcass quality: store pig is between the stage of fattening more than the average daily gain 600g, feed 3.05～3.3, carcass lean meat percentage about 56%.
Meat quality: meat is good, PH, 6.35, PH
25.65, yellowish pink scoring 3.0～3.5, intramuscular fat content is a waterpower (drip loss) 2.8%～3.2% more than about 4.0%.
Preferred two-way cross pork pig productivity: between the stage of fattening more than the average daily gain 650g, efficiency of feed utilization about 3.2, carcass lean meat percentage is more than 60%, and meat is good.
Claims (5)
1. the breeding method of new varieties Soviet Unions ginger pig is characterized in that:
The first step: with the outstanding sow of the landrace Jiang Qu of Jiangsu Province sea pig individual 34 as female parent, individual 2 of outstanding boar with another landrace maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig of Jiangsu Province hybridizes first as male parent, and the offspring of generation eliminates boar, the sow of selecting and remain is set up the female swinery of assorted generation maple ginger;
Second step: with external U.S.A is that 22 of durocs are as male parent, be divided into three groups of A, B, C, B 8 Du Luoke boars of group and the hybridization of assorted generation maple ginger sow produce Du Feng ginger male and female pig, select outstanding person to reserve seed for planting, 8 Du Luoke boars of A group and 24 assorted generation maple ginger sow hybridization, the Du Feng ginger male and female pig of institute's output is eliminated boar, 18 the Du Feng ginger sows of only selecting and remain, with 6 Du Luoke boar hybridization of C group, produce Du Du Feng ginger male and female pig again; Du Feng ginger pig contains 50% Du Luoke blood lineage, 25% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig blood lineage and 25% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage; Du Du Feng ginger pig contains 75% duroc blood lineage, 12.5% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig blood lineage and 12.5% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage;
The 3rd step: carry out positive and negative mating with Du Feng ginger male and female pig and Du Du Feng ginger male and female pig, the cross-bred pig that produces is formed the basic swinery of zero generation of new varieties, it contains 62.5% duroc blood lineage, 18.75% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig blood lineage and 18.75% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage.Zero generation basic population contains 12 blood lineages of boar, 100 of sows;
The 4th step: in colony's subculture seed selection stage,, 1 year generation, carry out the seed selection of 6 generations continuously with colony's subculture breeding technique and multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology.When each is bred from generation to generation, adhere to locking, no longer absorb other Du Luoke boar blood lineage and maternal pig blood lineage, now set up 600 above new varieties core groups;
Described new varieties productivity index:
Reproductive performance: the average nest number pigs born of new product boar multiparity sow is about 14, and the highest nest litter size is 17.
Growth performance and carcass quality: the growth big porker is between the stage of fattening more than the average daily gain 600g, efficiency of feed utilization 3.3, carcass lean meat percentage about 56%;
Meat quality: meat is good, PH
1＞6.0, yellowish pink scoring and marble grain are marked more than 3.0, intramuscular fat content＞3.0%; No PSE meat and DFD meat.
2. new varieties according to claim 1 Soviet Union ginger pig breeding method is characterized in that:
The selection of the female swinery of described assorted generation maple ginger is: select and remain when 45 ages in days wean for the first time, select the quilt hair complete black, it is good to grow, and more than the body weight 8.0kg, effective nipple is more than 7 pairs, and brood piglet nothing left passes illness; Select and remain when 120 ages in days for the second time, mainly eliminate retarded growth, the short short and little little individuality of weight of body weight of body body; Select and remain for the third time when 180 ages in days, foundation body weight this moment, the average thickness of backfat of live body are drafted multiple selection index in conjunction with the profile scoring, select and remain according to exponential quantity; Select and remain 80 of assorted generation maple ginger sows are participated in next step hybridization;
Described assorted generation maple ginger sow contains 50% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig (Taihu Lake pig) blood lineage and 50% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage, the average nest litter size of its first farrowing sow is 12.48, the average nest litter size of multiparity sow is 15.54, newborn piglet individual weight 0.89kg, 45 age in days weanling weight 8.46kg, fattening pig average daily gain 400g, carcass lean meat percentage 42.86%.
3. the breeding method of new varieties according to claim 1 Soviet Union ginger pig is characterized in that:
The parent pig Du Feng ginger of zero generation of described new varieties and the selection of Du Du maple ginger pig are:
Select and remain at 45 ages in days for the first time, select the quilt hair complete black, it is good to grow, the above person of body weight 8.0kg,
Select and remain when 120 ages in days for the second time, mainly eliminate retarded growth, the short short and little individuality of body weight of body body,
Select and remain for the third time when 180 ages in days,,, draft multiple selection index, select and remain, 80 of the sows of selecting and remain, 12 of boars according to exponential quantity in conjunction with the profile scoring according to this moment body weight, the average thickness of backfat of live body.
When being chosen in sow for the 4th time and just weaning postpartum, sow is selected with the litter size of itself, and boar is selected with number born of sow born of the same parents, all by the compound breeding value selection of litter size,
Described hybrid male and female pig contains 50% or 75% duroc blood lineage, 25% blood lineage of containing maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig 12.5% blood lineage and containing Jiang Qu sea pig 12.5% or two product boars.The average litter size of its first farrowing sow is at 12.0, and the average litter size of multiparity sow is at 14.5, fattening pig average daily gain 520g, efficiency of feed utilization 3.36, carcass lean meat percentage 55%～56%.
4. according to the breeding method of the described new varieties of right 1 Soviet Union ginger pig, it is characterized in that:
The selection of described new varieties Soviet Union's zero generation of ginger pig is:
Select and remain when 45 ages in days weans for the first time, select by hair complete blackly, grow well, body weight is the above person of 8.0kg,
Select and remain at 120 ages in days for the second time, mainly eliminate retarded growth, the short short and little individuality of body weight of body body,
Select and remain for the third time at 180 ages in days, foundation body weight this moment, the average thickness of backfat of live body in conjunction with the profile scoring, are drafted multiple selection index, select and remain according to exponential quantity,
Select and remain for the 4th time when sow is just weaned postpartum, sow is with the litter size of itself, and boar is selected with number born of sow born of the same parents, all select by the compound breeding value of litter size,
Described new varieties zero pig from generation to generation contain 18.75% Jiang Qu sea pig blood lineage, 18.75% maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig blood lineage and 62.5% duroc blood lineage, 17 of the highest nest litter sizes of zero generation sow, the average nest litter size of primiparity is 11.80, multiparity sow nest litter size per family is 14.24, educating the pig average daily gain is 670g, efficiency of feed utilization is 3.30, carcass lean meat percentage 53%～57.66%.It is 12 boars, 100 sows that zero generation selected and remain, and avoids full sibs and half-sib mating according to pedigree during breeding.
5. according to the breeding method of right, it is characterized in that in 1 described new varieties Soviet Union ginger pig:
Described generation interval, each generation select and remain and eliminate foundation, multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology: for the boar of 1,2,3,4,5,6 generations, adopt about 7～8 monthly ages of sow, body weight 90kg, 10 monthly ages of boar, breed about body weight 100kg, basically concentrate in March and finish breeding in one month, each generation sow primiparity offspring reserves seed for planting through four selections, the standard of selecting and remain with zero from generation to generation, the next seed selection group from generation to generation of the replacement gilt recomposition that stays, each keeps 12 boars, 100 sows, about 1 year generation from generation to generation;
Described multiple gene polymerization assistant breeding technology is: at first to 34 Jiang Qu seas of the initial parent of described new varieties sow, 22 of 2 maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig boars and external lean meat kind Du Luoke boars, all adopt the PCR-RFLP method to detect halothane Hal by head, superseded genotype is Hal
NnBoar, the genotype of only selecting and remain is Hal
NNBoar, guarantee that initial parent swinery genetic background is good, make new varieties can not produce PSE and DFD meat of poor quality.
In the 1st generation of group's subculture seed selection, just begin to use multiple gene polymerization assisted Selection technology and be used to cultivate new varieties, selected gene has the female hormone receptor gene ESR, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor beta subunit of control nest litter size because of FSH β, the preponderant genotype BB genotype of two genes of selecting and remain and the genotypic male and female pig of AB individuality; Select to influence the hypophysis transcripton POU1F1 gene of daily gain in pigs, select its preponderant genotype DD type male and female pig; Use heart fat acid binding protein gene H-FABP, selecting its preponderant genotype is the male and female pig of DD type.At each from generation to generation during male and female pig 180 ages in days and during sow primiparity weaned piglet, respectively with the preponderant genotype of related gene as the assisted Selection foundation, select and remain boar and draft the apolegamy plan of selection index during in conjunction with 180 ages in days and the compound breeding value of number born of sow.This assisted Selection technology is applied successively to 2,3,4,5,6 each generation of new varieties colony subculture seed selection.
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