CN110235850B - Yimeng black mountain wool series cultivation method - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, in particular to a Yimeng black goat wool line breeding method, which comprises the steps of taking the Yimeng black goat as a female parent, introducing the Boer goat, the Chuannan black goat, the Jane big ear black goat and the Yimeng black goat as male parents, hybridizing to obtain hybrid offspring respectively, crossing the hybrid offspring respectively, using the male goat obtained by crossing as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat female goat as a female parent, hybridizing to establish a basic male goat flock and a basic female goat flock respectively, crossing the basic male goat flock and the basic female goat flock, further grading the individuals of each crossing to be a Yibang Chuan Jianle F1 generation for hybridization to obtain a five-membered hybrid individual, fixing the crossing, subculturing, taking the male goat after the subculturing culture for the third generation as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat female parent as a terminal female parent, breeding a Yimeng black goat line with strong adaptability, excellent wool color, large physique and high reproductive capacity and high survival rate of the Yimeng black goat, the economic benefit of the Yimeng black goat breeder is improved, and the rapid development of the Yimeng black goat breeding industry is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, in particular to a method for breeding a Yimeng black goat wool line.
Background
The Yimeng black goat is a local excellent variety in Shandong province, a special product of Pingyi, is a multi-purpose variety of meat, cashmere, wool and skin formed under natural conditions in mountainous areas, and belongs to a cashmere, wool and meat dual-purpose sheep; has the characteristics of large physique, coarse feeding resistance, strong adaptability, high production performance, unified appearance, stable genetic property, dual purposes of meat and velvet and the like, and is suitable for grazing in mountainous areas.
Yimeng black goat meat is rich in nutrition, and contains 13.3% of protein, 4.6% of fat and 367 calories; the mutton is soft and easy to digest, and generally healthy people can digest more than 90% of crude protein and more than 98% of fat in the mutton. The goat meat is tender, red and uniform in color, small in mutton smell, and fragrant but not greasy in taste when being eaten. The fat content is 2 times more than that of beef, the heat content is 1 time more than that of beef, the calcium content is 50% more than that of beef, the calcium content is almost equal to that of pork, the iron content is 1 time more than that of beef and 4 times more than that of pork, and the cholesterol content is low. Is rich in various trace elements and is a good product in meat.
The existing Yimeng black goats are small in number and are due to the following reasons: the Yimeng black goat has slow growth speed and low lambing rate, one fetus in one year and at most two fetuses, and only one goat is basically used in each fetus. From the 90 s, a large number of Yimeng black goats begin to hybridize, for example, the Yimeng black goats and the Sanneng milk white sheep are hybridized, so that the farrowing rate can be improved, two fetuses in one year can reach 2-3 fetuses per fetus, and the survival rate is high; and for example, the Yimeng black goat is hybridized with the Boer goat, so that the obtained offspring is larger than the offspring obtained by hybridization with the Sanneng milk white goat, and the meat quality is better.
However, the hair line of the Yimeng black goat breed bred by hybridization is still poor, so that the Yimeng black goat of down, hair and meat dual-purpose type has the defects of low reproduction rate and poor survival rate, and the obtained offspring has poor hair color, so that the Yimeng black goat performance is weakened year by year, and the hair quality and the hair yield are poor. Therefore, the Yimeng black goat breed is still not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating a Yimeng black goat wool line.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for breeding the Yimeng black goat line by using the Yimeng black goat as a female parent breeding material, introducing the Boer goat, the Chuannan black goat, the Jianzhou big ear black goat and the le-to-black goat, and breeding the Yimeng black goat line by using a BLUP method and a MAS technology assisted by molecular markers and combining a conventional breeding method, specifically comprises the following steps of:
(1) identifying and evaluating Yimeng black goats, Boer goats, Chuannan black goats, Jianzhou big-ear black goats and le-to-black goats according to the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP, selecting excellent Yimeng black goat ewes, Boer goat ewes and rams, Nubian goat ewes and rams, Chuannan black goat ewes and rams, Jianzhou big-ear black goat ewes and rams, Saanen milk goat ewes and rams and le-to-black goat ewes and rams, and respectively establishing breeding populations;
(2) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Boer goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yibo F1 generation; selecting excellent Yibo F1 generation rams and establishing a basic ram group of the first filial generation;
hybridizing a Yibo F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Boer goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F2 generation; selecting excellent Yibo F2 generation rams and establishing a basic ram group of the first filial generation;
hybridizing a Yibo F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F3 generation; selecting excellent Yibo F3 generation rams and establishing a basic ram group of the first filial generation; selecting excellent Yibo F3 generation ewes, and establishing a basic ewe group of the first filial generation;
(3) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Chuannan black goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yichuan F1 generation; selecting excellent Yichuan F1 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock;
hybridizing a Yichuan F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Chuannan black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yichuan F2 generation; selecting excellent Yichuan F2 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock;
hybridizing a Yichuan F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yichuan F3 generation; selecting excellent Yichuan F3 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting excellent Yichuan F3 generation ewes and establishing a basic ewe group of the first hybrid generation;
(4) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Jianzhou big ear black goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yimeng F1 generation; selecting excellent Yijian F1 generation rams and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock;
hybridizing a Yijian F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Jianzhou big ear black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yijian F2 generation; selecting excellent Yijian F2 generation rams and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock;
hybridizing a Yijian F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yijian F3 generation; selecting excellent Yijian F3 generation rams and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting excellent Yijian F3 generation ewes, and establishing a basic ewe group of the first filial generation;
(5) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Yimeng black goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yimeng F1 generation; selecting excellent Yile F1 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock;
hybridizing a Yile F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Lele-black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yile F2 generation; selecting excellent Yile F2 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock;
hybridizing a Yile F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yile F3 generation; selecting excellent Yile F3 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting excellent Yile F3 generation ewes, and establishing a basic ewe group of the first filial generation;
in the process of establishing the basic male goat flock and the basic female goat flock in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5), screening and establishing are carried out by combining conventional selection with a BLUP method.
(6) The basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yibo F3 generation are crossly crossed, the basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yichuan F3 generation are crossly crossed, the basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yijian F3 generation are crossly crossed, and the basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yile F3 generation are crossly crossed; respectively obtaining Yibo F3 generation crossbreed filial generation, Yichuan F3 generation crossbreed filial generation, Yijian F3 generation crossbreed filial generation and Yile F3 generation crossbreed filial generation;
(7) hybridizing the Yibo F3 generation crossbreed filial generation male goat serving as a male parent and the Yichuan F3 generation crossbreed filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo Chuan F1 generation;
hybridizing a Yifeng F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yifeng F3 generation crossbred filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yifeng F1 generation;
hybridizing a Yibo Chuanjian F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yibo Chuanjian F3 generation crossbred filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo Chuanjian Jianle F1 generation;
(8) performing crosswalk on the Yibo Chuanjianle F1 generation to obtain crosswalk filial generation; the method comprises the steps of adopting a molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology to detect genetic variability of a ram and a ewe in Yibo Chuanjianle F1 generation crossbred filial generation, for example, the FSH beta genetic variability detection introduced in the patent No. 201610113485.4, screening a crossbred filial generation individual containing the FSH beta gene target genotype with high fertility, fixing the crossbred filial generation, subculturing, crossing the ram which is subcultured for three generations and serves as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat ewe as a female parent, adopting the molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology to the cross filial generation, detecting the genetic variability of the ram and the ewe in Yibo Chuanjianle F1 generation crossbred filial generation, screening a cross-bred filial generation individual containing the FSH beta gene target genotype with high fertility, and fixing the crossbred to obtain the Yimeng black goat wool line breeding line.
In order to reduce the loss of genetic resources, fully protect the introduced genetic resources, reserve the genetic resources of the Yimeng black goat, ensure rich breeding resources, reduce breeding cost and improve breeding quality, the operations in the steps can also be operated according to the following modes:
in the step (2), the Yifeng F1 generation is intersected to obtain a intersected generation; hybridizing the first-generation crossbred male goat serving as a male parent and the female goat of the Boer goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F2 generation; the Yibo F2 generation ram was used as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat ewe was used as a female parent, and the hybrid was obtained as the Yibo F3 generation. And/or in the step (3), performing crossbreeding on the Yichuan F2 generation to obtain a first crossbreeding generation, and performing hybridization by using the first crossbreeding generation male goat as a male parent and using the Yimeng black goat female goat as a female parent to obtain the Yichuan F3 generation. And/or the step (4), the Yijian F1 generation is crossbred to obtain a crossbred generation, and the crossbred generation male goat is used as a male parent and the Jianzhou big ear black goat female goat is used as a female parent for backcrossing to obtain a backcross generation; and hybridizing the backcross first-generation male goat serving as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain the Yiyi F3 generation. And/or the step (7), hybridizing the Yibo F3 generation crossbred filial generation ewe serving as a female parent and the Yichuan F3 generation crossbred filial generation ram serving as a male parent to obtain the Yibo Chuan F1 generation; hybridizing the Yifeng F1 generation female goat serving as a female parent and the Yifeng F3 generation crossbred filial generation male goat serving as a male parent to obtain the Yifeng simple F1 generation; the Yibo Chuanjian F1 generation ewe is used as a female parent and the Yibo Chuanjian F3 generation crossbred filial generation ram is used as a male parent to be hybridized to obtain the Yibo Chuanjian Jianle F1 generation. The excellent filial generation obtained in the process of hybridization, cross-crossing, backcross and the like is fully utilized, the waste rate of breeding resources is reduced, and the richness of the breeding resources is ensured.
In the invention, artificial insemination is adopted for hybridization, crossing and backcross.
Optimal linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is a current main breeding stock genetic evaluation method, has the characteristics of unbiased estimation value, minimum variance of the estimation value, capability of eliminating deviation caused by selection, elimination and the like, and the obtained breeding value has optimal linear unbiased.
The MAS technology is a new modern molecular biology technology in molecular breeding, which realizes direct selection of genotypes by rapidly and accurately determining genetic composition of molecular individuals at a molecular level.
In the invention, all characters to be improved of the Yimeng black goat are combined into a total index according to the heritability and economic effect of the Yimeng black goat, then the index is selected as a single item, the seeds with high index are reserved, the index is eliminated with low index, and the method is called as a comprehensive selection index method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
the Yimeng black goat is taken as a female parent breeding material, a Borer goat, a Chuannan black goat, a Jianzhou big ear black goat and a Leyun black goat are introduced to be hybridized with the Yimeng black goat as male parents, hybrid offspring is obtained respectively, then the hybrid offspring is crossed, the male goat obtained by crossing the hybrid offspring is taken as the male parent, the Yimeng black goat female goat is taken as the female parent, hybridization is carried out, a basic male goat flock and a basic female goat flock are respectively established, the obtained basic male goat flock and the basic female goat flock are respectively fixed in a cross-crossing manner, then each individual fixed in the cross-crossing manner is subjected to progressive hybridization of Yimeng Chuan Jianle F1 generation to obtain a five-membered hybrid individual, the five-membered hybrid individual is fixed in the cross-crossing manner, the MAS technology is adopted for selection, a cross-crossing individual with excellent genetic performance is obtained, the cross-crossing individual is subjected to subculture, the third-generation cultured male goat is taken as the female parent and the Yimeng black goat female parent, the Yimeng black goat wool line strain which is strong in adaptability, excellent in hair color, large in physique, high in reproductive capacity and high in lamb survival rate is cultivated, the economic benefit of a Yimeng black goat breeder is improved, and the rapid development of the Yimeng black goat breeding industry is promoted.
The individual grading mode created by the invention is to adopt each crossline group individual to carry out treatment, such as the mode described in the step (7) in the technical scheme; there is no sequence among the individuals in the cross groups. The Chuannan black goat adopted in the invention is of a self-tribute type.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Test example:
1. breeding sheep selection standard:
yimeng black goat: selecting large, coarse feed resistant and full black wool;
boer goat: selecting the materials with solid constitution, black hair, moderate head size, strong limbs, short tail and upwarping;
chuannan black goat: selecting from tribute type, pure black hair, luster, clear face, little nose ridge, erect ears, straight back and waist, expanded ribs, thick limbs, strong body, uniform structure, obvious meat performance, and weight of more than 28 kg;
jianzhou big ear black goat: the hair color is pure black, rich in luster, medium head, short neck, straight back and waist, medium physique, thick and uniform limbs, and the body is in a shape of more than 30 kg;
le to black goat: the hair color is pure black and glossy, the head is of the same size, the ear is of the same size, the back is wide and flat, the physique is of the same size, the limbs are thick, the body is strong, and the body weight is more than 30 kg.
2. Hybridization and Generation criteria
2.1 hybridizing the Yimeng black goat ewe as the female parent and the Boer goat ram as the male parent to obtain the Yibo F1 generation; selecting excellent Yibo F1 generation rams and establishing a basic ram group of the first filial generation; selecting and reserving standard: the back and waist is straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back-drive development is full, the four limbs are strong and firm, the muscle is full, the initial weight is more than 2.8kg, the weight at 6 months old is more than 39kg, the eye muscle area is 14-16cm, and the thickness of the backfat is less than 0.3 cm;
hybridizing a Yibo F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Boer goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F2 generation; selecting excellent Yibo F2 generation rams and establishing a basic ram group of the first filial generation; selecting and reserving standard: the back and waist is straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back-drive development is full, the four limbs are strong and firm, the muscle is full, the initial weight is more than 3.5kg, the weight at 6 months is more than 45kg, the eye muscle area is 13-15cm, and the thickness of the backfat is less than 0.5 cm;
hybridizing a Yibo F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F3 generation; selecting excellent Yibo F3 generation rams and establishing a basic ram group of the first filial generation; selecting excellent Yibo F3 generation ewes, and establishing a basic ewe group of the first filial generation; selecting and reserving standards for rams: the back and waist is straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back-drive development is full, the four limbs are strong and firm, the muscle is full, the initial weight is more than 3.8kg, the weight at 6 months is more than 48kg, the eye muscle area is 13-16cm, and the thickness of the backfat is less than 0.5 cm; selecting and reserving standard of ewes: the back and waist is straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back-drive development is full, the four limbs are strong and firm, the muscle is full, the breast base is wide, the lambing rate is more than 195 percent, the birth weight is more than 4.0kg, the weight at 6 months is more than 42kg, the eye muscle area is 13-15cm, and the thickness of the backfat is less than 0.4 cm;
2.2 hybridizing the female goat of the Yimeng black goat and the male goat of the Chuannan black goat to obtain the Yichuan F1 generation; selecting excellent Yichuan F1 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting and reserving standard: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, even body, weight of more than 2.8kg for birth, weight of more than 20kg for 6 months, height of 48-50cm, length of 50-60cm, and circumference of chest of more than 60 cm.
Hybridizing a Yichuan F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Chuannan black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yichuan F2 generation; selecting excellent Yichuan F2 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting excellent Yichuan F1 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting and reserving standard: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, even body, weight of more than 2.7kg for birth, weight of more than 28kg for 6 months, height of 49-53cm, length of 50-60cm, and circumference of chest of more than 62 cm.
Hybridizing a Yichuan F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yichuan F3 generation; selecting excellent Yichuan F3 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting excellent Yichuan F3 generation ewes and establishing a basic ewe group of the first hybrid generation; selecting and reserving standards for rams: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, uniform body, weight of more than 3.3kg for birth, weight of more than 24kg for 6 months, body height of 52-53cm, body length of 55-61cm, and chest circumference of more than 64 cm. Selecting and reserving standard of ewes: pure black hair, beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick and short limbs, uniform breasts, 2.4kg of birth weight, more than 20kg of six months old weight, 45-48cm of body height, 53-55cm of body length, more than 58cm of chest circumference, more than two lambs for birth, strong lactation capacity, good maternal performance and no dead lambs.
2.3 using Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent and Jianzhou big ear black goat ram as male parent to hybridize, so as to obtain Yimeng F1 generation; selecting excellent Yijian F1 generation rams and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting and reserving standard: the back and waist is straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back-drive development is full, the four limbs are strong and firm, the muscle is full, the initial weight is more than 2.8kg, the weight at 6 months old is more than 39kg, the eye muscle area is 14-16cm, and the thickness of the backfat is less than 0.3 cm;
hybridizing a Yijian F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Jianzhou big ear black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yijian F2 generation; selecting excellent Yijian F2 generation rams and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting and reserving standard: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, even body, weight of more than 2.7kg for birth, weight of more than 28kg for 6 months, height of 49-53cm, length of 50-60cm, and circumference of chest of more than 62 cm.
Hybridizing a Yijian F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yijian F3 generation; selecting excellent Yijian F3 generation rams and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting excellent Yijian F3 generation ewes, and establishing a basic ewe group of the first filial generation; selecting and reserving standards for rams: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, uniform body, weight of more than 3.3kg for birth, weight of more than 24kg for 6 months, body height of 52-53cm, body length of 55-61cm, and chest circumference of more than 64 cm. Selecting and reserving standard of ewes: the back and waist is straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back-drive development is full, the four limbs are thick and firm, the muscle is full, the breast base is wide, the lambing rate is more than 200%, the birth weight is more than 4.0kg, the weight at 6 months is more than 42kg, the eye muscle area is 13-15cm, and the thickness of the backfat is less than 0.4 cm;
2.4 hybridizing the Yimeng black goat ewe serving as the female parent and the le-black goat ram serving as the male parent to obtain a Yimeng F1 generation; selecting excellent Yile F1 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting and reserving standard: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, even body, weight of more than 2.7kg for birth, weight of more than 28kg for 6 months, height of 49-53cm, length of 50-60cm, and circumference of chest of more than 62 cm.
Hybridizing a Yile F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Lele-black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yile F2 generation; selecting excellent Yile F2 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting and reserving standards for rams: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, uniform body, weight of more than 3.3kg for birth, weight of more than 24kg for 6 months, body height of 52-53cm, body length of 55-61cm, and chest circumference of more than 64 cm.
Hybridizing a Yile F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yile F3 generation; selecting excellent Yile F3 generation rams, and establishing a first-filial generation basic ram flock; selecting excellent Yile F3 generation ewes, and establishing a basic ewe group of the first filial generation; selecting and reserving standards for rams: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width, thick limbs, firm hoof, uniform body, weight of more than 3.3kg for birth, weight of more than 24kg for 6 months, body height of 52-53cm, body length of 55-61cm, and chest circumference of more than 64 cm. Selecting and reserving standard of ewes: the back and waist is straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back-drive development is full, the four limbs are strong and firm, the muscle is full, the breast base is wide, the lambing rate is more than 220%, the birth weight is more than 4.0kg, the weight at 6 months is more than 42kg, the eye muscle area is 13-15cm, and the thickness of the backfat is less than 0.4 cm;
in the selecting and remaining standard, a mixed model is established and the breeding value is estimated under the condition that the phenotype information is real and reliable and the collected pedigree data is correct and complete.
Transverse fixation: the basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yibo F3 generation are crossly crossed, the basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yichuan F3 generation are crossly crossed, the basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yijian F3 generation are crossly crossed, and the basic ram flock and the basic mother ram flock in the Yile F3 generation are crossly crossed; respectively obtaining Yibo F3 generation crossbreed filial generation, Yichuan F3 generation crossbreed filial generation, Yijian F3 generation crossbreed filial generation and Yile F3 generation crossbreed filial generation;
step-by-step hybridization: hybridizing the Yibo F3 generation crossbreed filial generation male goat serving as a male parent and the Yichuan F3 generation crossbreed filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo Chuan F1 generation; hybridizing a Yifeng F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yifeng F3 generation crossbred filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yifeng F1 generation; hybridizing a Yibo Chuanjian F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yibo Chuanjian F3 generation crossbred filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo Chuanjian Jianle F1 generation;
3. cross fixation and terminal hybridization
Performing crosswalk on the Yibo Chuanjianle F1 generation to obtain crosswalk filial generation; the method comprises the steps of adopting a molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology to detect genetic variability of a ram and a ewe in Yibo Chuanjianle F1 generation crossbred filial generation, for example, the FSH beta genetic variability detection introduced in the patent No. 201610113485.4, screening a crossbred filial generation individual containing the FSH beta gene target genotype with high fertility, fixing the crossbred filial generation, subculturing, crossing the ram which is subcultured for three generations and serves as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat ewe as a female parent, adopting the molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology to the cross filial generation, detecting the genetic variability of the ram and the ewe in Yibo Chuanjianle F1 generation crossbred filial generation, screening a cross-bred filial generation individual containing the FSH beta gene target genotype with high fertility, and fixing the crossbred to obtain the Yimeng black goat wool line breeding line.
In the cross-crossing fixing process of the Yimeng black mountain wool line breeding line, breeding selection indexes comprise body morphology and production performance, and the specific breeding standard is as follows: pure black hair, clear and beautiful face, straight back and waist, opened ribs, deep chest width and short and thick limbs; the birth weight of the female lambs is more than 2kg, the weight of the female lambs at 6 months is more than 22kg, the weight of the female lambs at 8 months is more than 28kg, the dressing percentage of the female lambs at six months and eight months is more than 50%, the average yearly birth rate of the core group multiparous female lambs is 1.9, the lamb birth rate of the multiparous female lambs is 220%, the lamb birth rate of the prenatal female lambs is more than 160%, and the survival rate of the lambs is more than 99.8%; the birth weight of the male lambs is 2.2kg, the weight of the lambs at six months is more than 27kg, the weight of the lambs at 8 months is more than 30kg, and the dressing percentage of the lambs at six months and eight months is more than 53%.
In order to verify the technical effect brought by the breeding treatment scheme created by the invention to the greatest extent, the researchers carry out statistics on the yield and survival rate of the offspring lambs of the new strains cultivated in 2013, 2014 and 2015, randomly select 20 ewes every year and continuously collect the ewes for two years; namely 20 new-line offspring mother lambs bred in 2013 are collected in 2014 and 2015 according to the lamb yield and survival rate; collecting the lamb yield and survival rate of 20 new-line offspring mother lambs bred in 2014 and 2016; the yield and survival rate of 20 new-line offspring mother lambs bred in 2015 are collected in 2016 and 2017.
The statistical results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 years | |
| Lamb output rate (%) | 262.5 | 257.5 | 265.0 |
| Survival rate (%) | 100 | 100 | 99.8 |
Remarking: lambing rate = [ total lambing amount/(number of ewes and year) ] × 100%.
Survival rate = (number of surviving lambs/total number of lambs born in one month after lambs born) x 100%.
The data in table 1 show that the Yimeng black goat wool line created by the invention can greatly improve the production performance and the lambing rate, and the survival rate of lambs is higher and the adaptability is extremely strong and can reach more than 99.8%.
And the subculture is carried out on the culture line, the growth and development are fast, the physique is large, the weight of an adult ram can reach more than 58kg, the weight of a ewe can reach more than 49kg, the meat yield is high, the wool quality is good, the meat quality is good, and the adaptability is strong.
In addition, in step (2), the first generation of the cross may be obtained by crossing the first generation of the Yifeng F1; hybridizing the first-generation crossbred male goat serving as a male parent and the female goat of the Boer goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F2 generation; the Yibo F2 generation ram was used as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat ewe was used as a female parent, and the hybrid was obtained as the Yibo F3 generation. And/or in the step (3), performing crossbreeding on the Yichuan F2 generation to obtain a first crossbreeding generation, and performing hybridization by using the first crossbreeding generation male goat as a male parent and using the Yimeng black goat female goat as a female parent to obtain the Yichuan F3 generation. And/or the step (4), the Yijian F1 generation is crossbred to obtain a crossbred generation, and the crossbred generation male goat is used as a male parent and the Jianzhou big ear black goat female goat is used as a female parent for backcrossing to obtain a backcross generation; and hybridizing the backcross first-generation male goat serving as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain the Yiyi F3 generation. And/or the step (7), hybridizing the Yibo F3 generation crossbred filial generation ewe serving as a female parent and the Yichuan F3 generation crossbred filial generation ram serving as a male parent to obtain the Yibo Chuan F1 generation; hybridizing the Yifeng F1 generation female goat serving as a female parent and the Yifeng F3 generation crossbred filial generation male goat serving as a male parent to obtain the Yifeng simple F1 generation; the Yibo Chuanjian F1 generation ewe is used as a female parent and the Yibo Chuanjian F3 generation crossbred filial generation ram is used as a male parent to be hybridized to obtain the Yibo Chuanjian Jianle F1 generation. The excellent filial generation obtained in the process of hybridization, cross-crossing, backcross and the like is fully utilized, the waste rate of breeding resources is reduced, and the richness of the breeding resources is ensured. In the invention, artificial insemination is adopted for hybridization, crossing and backcross.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A Yimeng black goat wool line breeding method is characterized in that a Yimeng black goat is used as a female parent breeding material, a Boer goat, a Chuannan black goat, a Jianzhou big ear black goat and a le-to-black goat are introduced, a BLUP method and a molecular marker assisted MAS technology are utilized, and a conventional breeding method is combined to breed the Yimeng black goat line, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) identifying and evaluating Yimeng black goats, Boer goats, Chuannan black goats, Jianzhou big-ear black goats and le-to-black goats according to the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP, selecting excellent Yimeng black goat ewes, Boer goat ewes and rams, Nubian goat ewes and rams, Chuannan black goat ewes and rams, Jianzhou big-ear black goat ewes and rams, Saanen milk goat ewes and rams and le-to-black goat ewes and rams, and respectively establishing breeding populations;
(2) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Boer goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yibo F1 generation; hybridizing a Yibo F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Boer goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F2 generation; hybridizing a Yibo F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo F3 generation;
(3) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Chuannan black goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yichuan F1 generation; hybridizing a Yichuan F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Chuannan black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yichuan F2 generation; hybridizing a Yichuan F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yichuan F3 generation;
(4) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Jianzhou big ear black goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yimeng F1 generation; hybridizing a Yijian F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Jianzhou big ear black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yijian F2 generation; hybridizing a Yijian F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yijian F3 generation;
(5) hybridizing a Yimeng black goat ewe serving as a female parent and a Yimeng black goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain a Yimeng F1 generation; hybridizing a Yile F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Lele-black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yile F2 generation; hybridizing a Yile F2 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yimeng black goat female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yile F3 generation;
(6) the Yibo F3 generation, Yichuan F3 generation, Yiyi F3 generation and Yile F3 generation; respectively obtaining Yibo F3 generation crossbreed filial generation, Yichuan F3 generation crossbreed filial generation, Yijian F3 generation crossbreed filial generation and Yile F3 generation crossbreed filial generation;
(7) hybridizing the Yibo F3 generation crossbreed filial generation male goat serving as a male parent and the Yichuan F3 generation crossbreed filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo Chuan F1 generation; hybridizing a Yifeng F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yifeng F3 generation crossbred filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yifeng F1 generation; hybridizing a Yibo Chuanjian F1 generation male goat serving as a male parent and a Yibo Chuanjian F3 generation crossbred filial generation female goat serving as a female parent to obtain a Yibo Chuanjian Jianle F1 generation;
(8) performing crosswalk on the Yibo Chuanjianle F1 generation to obtain crosswalk filial generation; subculturing, hybridizing the ram subjected to the subculturing for the third generation as a male parent and the Yimeng black goat ewe as a female parent, and performing cross-breeding and fixation to obtain the Yimeng black goat wool line cultivation system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the Yimeng Heishan wool line is bred by using the Yifeng F3 generation crossbred filial generation ewe as a female parent and the Yichuan F3 generation crossbred filial generation ram as a male parent to obtain Yifeng F1 generation; hybridizing the Yifeng F1 generation female goat serving as a female parent and the Yifeng F3 generation crossbred filial generation male goat serving as a male parent to obtain the Yifeng simple F1 generation; the Yibo Chuanjian F1 generation ewe is used as a female parent and the Yibo Chuanjian F3 generation crossbred filial generation ram is used as a male parent to be hybridized to obtain the Yibo Chuanjian Jianle F1 generation.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the artificial insemination is used for the hybridization.
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