CN111134088B - Method for breeding new strain/variety for Guizhou black goat meat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding a new strain/seed for Guizhou black goat meat, which comprises the following steps: 1) breeding Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats; 2) obtaining a Knoop black hybrid F1 generation female parent and a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male parent; 3) obtaining a Bernoulli black F2 generation female parent; 4) the male parent and the female parent of the Kanu black F3 generation are obtained, and the excellent Kanu black F3 generation is fixed in a transverse crossing way. The method finally cultivates new meat strains (species) of the Karaha goats, the Nubia goats and the Guizhou black goats with the blood-related ratios of 50%, 37.5% and 12.5% respectively by utilizing the BLUP method technology and combining with a conventional breeding method through the technical means of estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, superovulation, embryo transplantation and the like, and the strains (species) can fully combine the hybrid advantages of high meat yield of the Karaha goats, moderate meat yield of the Nubia goats and strong lactation capacity and retain the excellent characteristics of good meat quality, coarse feeding resistance and strong stress resistance of the Guizhou black goats.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a method for breeding a new strain/seed for Guizhou black goat meat.
Background
The Guizhou black goat is one of three excellent land-mountain goat varieties in Guizhou province, belongs to a skin-meat dual-purpose goat variety, has the excellent characteristics of pure black wool, tender meat, coarse feeding resistance, strong stress resistance and the like, but greatly limits the breeding of the Guizhou black goat due to small size, slow growth speed, poor meat production performance and low slaughter rate, and reduces the breeding benefit; the Nubian goat has the advantages that the Nubian goat is a skin and meat dual-purpose goat variety, has large physique and high limbs, and has the excellent characteristics of pure black wool, tender meat, large milk yield, high milk fat rate, strong fecundity and the like; the Karaha goats are the latest new meat goat variety of Boer goats, have the excellent characteristics of pure black wool, fast growth and development, large body size, much meat production, high dressing percentage and the like, and are ideal improved varieties for improving the meat production performance of Guizhou goats.
Currently, hybridization development and utilization and breeding of new lines (species) based on Guizhou black goats are less and less sophisticated. With the change of the concept of mutton consumption, the market demand is continuously increased, and the new meat goat variety which has high growth speed and high meat production performance and is suitable for being bred in Guizhou and southwest areas is very necessary and urgent to be bred on the basis of the Guizhou black goat.
Chinese patent application No.: 201811626630.4, title of the invention: the breeding method of the new hybrid strain of Guizhou black goat and Nubian goat is formed by years of research on a Luojin red team of the inventor. The invention discloses a breeding method of a new Guizhou black goat and Nubian goat hybrid strain. The offspring with high meat yield, strong fertility and high growth speed is obtained by crossbreeding the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat, the offspring with high growth speed, high fertility and high meat yield can be obtained by crossbreeding the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian black F1 generation, the Guizhou black goat ram is crossbred with the F1 generation to obtain the Henu crossbred goat, and finally, the Henu crossbred goat is transversely fixed for three generations, so that the hybrid strain goat with high fertility and high growth speed can be obtained. The goat retains the advantages of high reproduction rate, light mutton smell, delicious and tasty meat, excellent slab quality and the like of Guizhou black goats, and combines the advantages of high size, high growth speed, strong fecundity and the like of Nubian goats.
However, chinese patent application No.: 201811626630.4, despite the advantages of high reproduction rate and light smell of mutton, the following defects are found in the practical process: the new strain obtained by only hybridizing the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat has the defects of poor stress resistance and unobvious improvement on meat yield and growth speed; secondly, the breeding standards of Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats are not determined, and the effect is unstable after the selection and the matching.
Chinese patent application No.: 201910320903.0, title of the invention: the invention discloses a method for breeding a black meat goat by three-line mating hybridization. The invention adopts a specific breeding mode to breed the goat with the polymorphism of the CSN1S gene, the PRLR gene and the UBA52 gene, and strictly breeds the goat through a customized standard. The method has the advantages that the yield performance of the Guizhou black goats is improved on the basis of individual meat production performance, the milk secretion performance and the group lambing performance by screening dominant genes of meat production performance, lambing performance and milk secretion performance and combining hybrid superiority.
However, chinese patent application No.: 201910320903.0 the breeding method is to breed a Ka-Gui-Nu-Hetao mating series, which can improve the yield-promoting performance of Guizhou black goats on the basis of individual meat production performance and lactation performance and group lambing performance, but has the following defects: according to the method, the effects of improving meat production performance, lactation performance and group lambing performance are achieved through three hybrid mating sets of Ka-Guinu, simple-Guinu and Ka-Guinu, operation is complex, utilization of hybridization advantages is not clear, multiple purposes and high difficulty are achieved, in the step method, the F4 generation Ka-Guinu goat is not subjected to transverse crossing and is fixed and is high in fixing difficulty, and new strain (variety) cultivation is high in difficulty.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems, the inventor carries out breeding hybridization by using the Nubian goats, the Karaha goats and the Guizhou black goats through long-term practical research, can achieve the aim that the ratio of the blood margin of the Karaha goats, the Nubian goats and the Guizhou black goats in the Kanu black F3 generation is respectively 50%, 37.5% and 12.5% through breeding of new strains, can fully combine the excellent characteristics of high meat yield of the Karaha goats, moderate meat yield and strong lactation capability of the Nubian goats, and good meat quality, coarse feeding resistance and strong stress resistance of the Guizhou black goats, and further defines the breeding standards of the Guizhou black goats, the Nubian goats and the Karaha goats, and has stable effect after selection and matching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of a new strain/variety for Guizhou black goat meat.
The invention discloses a method for breeding a new strain/seed for Guizhou black goat meat, which comprises the following steps:
1) the breeding population of Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats is established;
2) establishing a Nu-black hybrid F1 generation female parent and a Kanu hybrid F1 generation father basic group;
3) establishing a Kanu black F2 generation female parent basic group;
4) establishing a Bernoulli black F3 generation breeding core group and fixing the cross-section.
The invention relates to a method for establishing a breeding group of Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats, which comprises the following steps: according to the body shape and the optimal linear unbiased prediction BLUP method, Guizhou black goats, Nubia goats and Karaha goats are identified and evaluated, and excellent Guizhou black goat ewes, Nubia goat rams and ewes and Karaha goat rams are selected to establish breeding populations.
The excellent Guizhou black goat selection standard is as follows: the fur has black and glossy color, horns, straight noses, convex forehead, uniform body structure, straight back and waist, good sexual organ development, multiple lambs, good nipple and breast development and normal reproductive performance, and the weight of a male sheep is more than 38.90kg, and the weight of a female sheep is more than 35.40 kg.
The excellent selection standard of the Nubian goats is as follows: the sheep has black fur, luster, horniness, slightly convex face, wide back, long waist, high physique, good sexual organ development, more lambs born by the ewe and good nipple and breast development, male characteristic long hair and beard in the front body of the ram, the weight of the ram is more than 47.86kg, and the weight of the ewe is more than 44.76 kg.
The excellent selection standard of the ram of the Karaha goats is as follows: the fur has black color, luster, horniness, thick limbs, wide and flat back, plump muscles, developed hip muscles, round and compact body side, male characteristic long hair and beard in the front trunk, weight of over 60kg and normal reproductive performance.
The specific method for establishing the Knoop-Black hybrid F1 generation female parent and the Kanu hybrid F1 generation male parent basic group comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of taking a Guizhou black goat as a female parent and a Nubian goat ram as a male parent for hybridization, wherein the blood ratio of the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat is 50%, obtaining and screening Nubian black F1 generation female sheep, and establishing a Nubian black hybrid F1 generation basic female sheep group; and (2) taking the Nubian goats as female parents and the Kara-Ha goats as male parents for hybridization, wherein the blood relationship of the Nubian goats and the Kara-Ha goats is 50%, obtaining and screening the Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goats, and establishing a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goat group.
The selection standard of the Nubian-black hybrid F1 generation parent basic group is as follows: the abdomen is big, the body is tall, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide, the waist is long and straight, the nojiri is wide and long, the abdomen is big without sagging, the breast base is wide, the body is firm, the lambing rate is over 170 percent, and the body weight is over 44.00 kg;
the selection standard of the Bernoulli hybrid F1 generation parent basic group is as follows: the body has high physique, symmetrical body structure, straight back and waist, wide and deep chest, compact abdomen, wide and long nojirima, full growth of the posterior trunk, stout limbs, full muscles and the weight of over 51.00 kg.
The specific method for establishing the Kanu black F2 generation female parent basic group comprises the following steps: using the Nubian black F1 generation as a female parent to hybridize with a Kara-Ha goat male parent, wherein the ratio of the blood relationship of the Kara-Ha goat is 50%, and the ratio of the blood relationship of the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat is 25%, obtaining and screening the Kanu black F2 generation female parent, and establishing a Kanu hybridization F2 generation male goat group;
the selection standard of the Bernoulli black F2 generation female parent basic group is as follows: the physique is tall and big, the body structure is uniform, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide and the waist is long and straight, the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big without sagging, the breast base is wide, the physique is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190 percent, and the weight is more than 55.00 kg.
The specific method for establishing the Kanu black F3 generation breeding core group and fixing the crosssection comprises the following steps: using a Kanu black F2 generation female parent to hybridize with a Kanu F1 generation male parent, obtaining and screening a Kanu black F3 generation male parent and a Kanu black F3 generation female parent, wherein the Kanu black F2 generation female parent is 50% in terms of blood relationship, the Nunu ya goat is 37.5% in terms of blood relationship, and the Guizhou black goat is 12.5% in terms of blood relationship; screening Kanuhei F3 generation individuals by taking the individual meat yield as a target, and propagating F3 generation individuals by using techniques such as estrus synchronization, artificial insemination and the like; and selecting the female parent and the male parent of the Kanu black F3 generation for further transverse crossing fixation and self-mass breeding to obtain a new strain/seed for the meat of the Guizhou black goat at a certain scale.
The selection standard of the Bernoulli black Kanu black F3 generation breeding core group is as follows: female parent: the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big and does not droop, the breast base is wide, the body is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190%, and the body weight is more than 57.00 kg; male parent: the body is tall and big, the body structure is symmetrical, the back and the waist are straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back is full of growth, the four limbs are strong and solid, the muscles are full, and the weight is more than 61.00 kg.
The cultivation method of the invention adopts the technical means of hybridization and cross-crossing comprehensive application of estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, superovulation, embryo transplantation and the like to realize the rapid propagation of the basic group.
The invention adopts the technical means of body ruler determination, slaughter determination and the like to comprehensively evaluate the growth performance and the meat production performance of each generation and screen excellent female parent and male parent.
The breeding of each basic group and breeding core group is completed by a BLUP method with body shape and appearance and optimal linear unbiased prediction.
The optimal linear unbiased prediction BLUP method is the current main breeding stock genetic evaluation method, has the characteristics of unbiased estimation value, minimum variance of the estimation value, capability of eliminating deviation caused by selection, elimination and the like, and the obtained breeding value has the optimal linear unbiased value.
The defects of the prior art and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
first, the defects of the prior art
1. Chinese patent application No.: 201811626630.4, despite the advantages of high reproduction rate and light smell of mutton, the following defects are found in the practical process: the new strain obtained by only hybridizing the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat has the defects of poor stress resistance and unobvious improvement on meat yield and growth speed; secondly, the breeding standards of Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats are not determined, and the effect is unstable after the selection and the matching.
2. Chinese patent application No.: 201910320903.0 the breeding method is to breed a Ka-Gui-Nu-Hetao mating series, which can improve the yield-promoting performance of Guizhou black goats on the basis of individual meat production performance and lactation performance and group lambing performance, but has the following defects: according to the method, the effects of improving meat production performance, lactation performance and group lambing performance are achieved through three hybrid mating sets of Ka-Guinu, simple-Guinu and Ka-Guinu, operation is complex, utilization of hybridization advantages is not clear, multiple purposes and high difficulty are achieved, in the step method, the F4 generation Ka-Guinu goat is not subjected to transverse crossing and is fixed and is high in fixing difficulty, and new strain (variety) cultivation is high in difficulty.
Secondly, the invention has the beneficial effects
1. The method overcomes the defects that the meat yield and the growth speed of the new strain obtained by hybridization of the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat are not obviously improved, the breeding standard of the goat is not determined, and the like, fully utilizes the heterosis of the Karaha goat and the Nubian goat, ensures the further improvement of the meat yield and the growth speed, and determines the breeding standard of the Karaha goat, the Nubian goat and the Guizhou black goat; the Nubian goats, the Carla goats and the Guizhou black goats are bred to be hybridized, the preferential proportion of the Kala goats, the Nubian goats and the Guizhou black goat at the blood margin of the Kanu black F3 generation can be respectively 50%, 37.5% and 12.5% through breeding of new strains (seeds), and the excellent characteristics of high meat yield of the Kala goats, moderate meat yield of the Nubian goats, strong lactation capacity, good meat quality of the Guizhou black goats, coarse feeding resistance and strong stress resistance can be fully maintained.
2. The invention overcomes the defects that the meat production performance, the lactation performance and the group lambing performance can be improved only by three hybrid mating sets of Ka-Guinu, simple-Guinu and Ka-Guinu, the cultivation method is complicated, the utilization of the hybrid advantages is not clear, the purposes are many, the difficulty is high, the transverse crossing fixation is not carried out, the fixation difficulty is high and the like; the cultivation method is simple, and the cultivated Bernoulli black F3 generation can realize the excellent characteristics of high meat yield, strong lactation capability, good meat quality, coarse feeding resistance and strong stress resistance.
3. The breeding standards of Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats are determined, and the effect is stable after the selection and the matching.
4. As can be seen from the results of adult sheep body ruler (average male and female), the weight of the sheep reaches (67.51 +/-4.59) kg, the height of the sheep reaches (84.26 +/-3.58) cm, the length of the sheep reaches (72.83 +/-3.41) cm, and the chest circumference reaches (94.29 +/-4.31) cm, which is superior to that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
5. According to the results of the milk secretion performance, the milk secretion period is (115 +/-15) days, the milk secretion amount is (835.94 +/-49) g/day, and the milk fat rate is (4.59 +/-0.97)%, so that the milk secretion is superior to that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
6. As can be seen from the reproductive trait results, the average number of born lambs (1.89 +/-0.82) is only one, and the average lambing rate (174.93 +/-18.24)%, which is superior to that of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2.
7. According to the meat production performance test of the year, the dressing percentage (50.37 +/-1.98)%, the net meat percentage (37.51 +/-2.55)%, the meat-bone ratio of the invention is 4.13: 1, superior to comparative examples 1 and 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
The breeding group building method of Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats comprises the following steps: according to the body shape and the optimal linear unbiased prediction BLUP method, Guizhou black goats, Nubia goats and Karaha goats are identified and evaluated, and excellent Guizhou black goat ewes, Nubia goat rams and ewes and Karaha goat rams are selected to establish breeding populations.
Example 2
The excellent Guizhou black goat selection criteria are: the fur has black and glossy color, horns, straight noses, convex forehead, uniform body structure, straight back and waist, good sexual organ development, multiple lambs, good nipple and breast development and normal reproductive performance, and the weight of a male sheep is more than 38.90kg, and the weight of a female sheep is more than 35.40 kg.
Example 3
Excellent nubia goat selection criteria: the sheep has black fur, luster, horniness, slightly convex face, wide back, long waist, high physique, good sexual organ development, more lambs born by the ewe and good nipple and breast development, male characteristic long hair and beard in the front body of the ram, the weight of the ram is more than 47.86kg, and the weight of the ewe is more than 44.76 kg.
Example 4
Excellent selection criteria for ram of cara-hayata: the fur has black color, luster, horniness, thick limbs, wide and flat back, plump muscles, developed hip muscles, round and compact body side, male characteristic long hair and beard in the front trunk, weight of over 60kg and normal reproductive performance.
Example 5
Establishing a method for establishing a basic group of a Nu-black hybrid F1 generation female parent and a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male parent: the method comprises the following steps of taking a Guizhou black goat as a female parent and a Nubian goat ram as a male parent for hybridization, wherein the ratio of each of the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat is 50%, obtaining and screening Nubian black F1 generation ewes, and establishing a Nubian black hybrid F1 generation basic ewe group; and (2) taking the Nubian goats as female parents and the Kara-Ha goats as male parents for hybridization, wherein the blood relationship of the Nubian goats and the Kara-Ha goats is 50%, obtaining and screening the Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goats, and establishing a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goat group.
Example 6
Selection criteria for the Nubian-Black hybrid F1 generation parent basic group: the abdomen-building baby has the advantages of high physique, delicateness, compactness, wide and deep chest, wide and straight back and waist, wide and long nojirima, large abdomen without sagging, wide breast base, firm physique, more than 170 percent of lambing rate and more than 44.00kg of body weight.
Example 7
Selection criteria for the Bernoulli hybrid F1 generation parent basis group: the body has high physique, symmetrical body structure, straight back and waist, wide and deep chest, compact abdomen, wide and long nojirima, full growth of the posterior trunk, stout limbs, full muscles and the weight of over 51.00 kg.
Example 8
The method for establishing the Kanu black F2 generation female parent basic group comprises the following steps: the generation of Kanu black F1 is used as a female parent to be hybridized with a male parent of the Karaha goat, the ratio of the blood relationship of the Karaha goat is 50%, the ratio of the blood relationship of the Guizhou black goat and the blood relationship of the Nubian goat is 25%, female parents of the generation of the Kanu black F2 are obtained and screened, and a Kanu hybrid F2 generation male goat colony is established.
Example 9
Selection criteria for the mother base group of Kanuhei F2 generation: the physique is tall and big, the body structure is uniform, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide and the waist is long and straight, the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big without sagging, the breast base is wide, the physique is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190 percent, and the weight is more than 55.00 kg.
Example 10
The establishment and transverse crossing fixing method of the Kanu black F3 generation breeding core group comprises the following steps: using a Kanu black F2 generation female parent to hybridize with a Kanu F1 generation male parent, obtaining and screening a Kanu black F3 generation male parent and a Kanu black F3 generation female parent, wherein the Kanu black F2 generation female parent is 50% in terms of blood relationship, the Nunu ya goat is 37.5% in terms of blood relationship, and the Guizhou black goat is 12.5% in terms of blood relationship; screening Kanuhei F3 generation individuals by taking the individual meat yield as a target, and propagating F3 generation individuals by using techniques such as estrus synchronization, artificial insemination and the like; and selecting the female parent and the male parent of the Kanu black F3 generation for further transverse crossing fixation and self-mass breeding to obtain a new strain/seed for the meat of the Guizhou black goat at a certain scale.
Example 11
1. Selection criteria for Kanu Black F3 Generation Breeding core group
Female parent: the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big and does not droop, the breast base is wide, the body is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190%, and the body weight is more than 57.00 kg; male parent: the body is tall and big, the body structure is symmetrical, the back and the waist are straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back is full of growth, the four limbs are strong and solid, the muscles are full, and the weight is more than 61.00 kg.
Example 12
1) Group establishment of Guizhou black goat, Nubian goat and Karaha goat
Identifying and evaluating Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats according to the body shape and the appearance and the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP method, and selecting excellent Guizhou black goat ewe, Nubian goat ram and ewe and Karaha goat ram to establish breeding populations;
excellent Guizhou black goat selection criteria: the black fur is rich in luster, horned, straight in nose, convex in forehead, uniform in body structure, straight in back and waist, good in sexual organ development, capable of bearing more lambs, good in nipple and breast development and normal in reproductive performance, the weight of a male sheep is more than 38.90kg, and the weight of a female sheep is more than 35.40 kg;
excellent nubia goat selection criteria: the black woollen quilt is rich in luster, horned, slightly convex in face, wide in back and long in waist, high and large in physique, good in sexual organ development, good in nipple and breast development, capable of enabling the ewes to bear more lambs, good in male breast development, male-characteristic long hair and beard in the front of the ram, high in ram weight of 47.86kg and high in ewe weight of 44.76 kg;
excellent selection criteria for ram of cara-hayata: the fur is black and glossy, has horns, thick limbs, wide and straight back, full muscles, developed hip muscles, perfectly round and compact body side, and has male characteristic long hair and beard in the front body, the weight is more than 60kg, and the reproductive performance is normal;
the optimal linear unbiased prediction BLUP method is the current main breeding stock genetic evaluation method, has the characteristics of unbiased estimation value, minimum variance of the estimation value, capability of eliminating deviation caused by selection, elimination and the like, and the obtained breeding value has the optimal linear unbiased value.
2) Establishing a basic group of a Knoop-Black hybrid F1 generation female parent and a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male parent
Hybridizing a Guizhou black goat serving as a female parent and a Nubian goat ram serving as a male parent to obtain and screen an ideal Nubian black F1 generation ewe (the blood ratio of the Guizhou black goat to the Nubian goat is 50 percent respectively), and establishing a Nubian black hybridization F1 generation basic ewe group; taking a Nubian goat as a female parent and a Kara-Ha goat as a male parent for hybridization, obtaining and screening an ideal Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goat (the blood ratio of the Nubian goat and the Kara-Ha goat is 50 percent respectively), and establishing a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goat group;
selection criteria for the Nubian-Black hybrid F1 generation parent basic group: the abdomen is big, the body is tall, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide, the waist is long and straight, the nojiri is wide and long, the abdomen is big without sagging, the breast base is wide, the body is firm, the lambing rate is over 170 percent, and the body weight is over 44.00 kg;
selection criteria for the Bernoulli hybrid F1 generation parent basis group: the body is tall and big, the body structure is symmetrical, the back and the waist are straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the nojiri is wide and long, the posterior trunk is full of growth, the four limbs are strong and solid, the muscles are full, and the weight is over 51.00 kg;
3) establishing Bernoulli black F2 generation female parent basic group
Using the Nubian black F1 generation as a female parent to hybridize with a Kara-Ha goat male parent, obtaining and screening an ideal Kanu black F2 generation female parent (the blood ratio of the Kara-Ha goat is 50%, the blood ratio of the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat is 25%), and establishing a Kanu hybridization F2 generation male goat group; using the Kanu black F2 generation female parent to hybridize with the Kanu F1 generation male parent, obtaining and screening an ideal Kanu black F3 generation male parent and female parent (Kara-Ha goat blood relative ratio is 50%, Nubia goat blood relative ratio is 37.5%, Guizhou black goat blood relative ratio is 12.5%), and establishing a Kanu black F3 generation male parent and female parent basic group;
selection criteria for the mother base group of Kanuhei F2 generation: the physique is tall and big, the body structure is uniform, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide and the waist is long and straight, the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big without sagging, the breast base is wide, the physique is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190 percent, and the body weight is more than 55.00 kg;
4) establishment and transverse crossing fixation of Kanuhei F3 generation breeding core group
Using the Kanu black F2 generation female parent to hybridize with the Kanu F1 generation male parent, obtaining and screening an ideal Kanu black F3 generation male parent and female parent (Kara-Ha goat blood relative ratio is 50%, Nubia goat blood relative ratio is 37.5%, Guizhou black goat blood relative ratio is 12.5%), and establishing a Kanu black F3 generation male parent and female parent breeding core group; screening Kanu black F3 generation ideal type individuals by taking the individual meat yield as a target, and utilizing techniques such as synchronous estrus, artificial insemination and the like to propagate F3 generation ideal type individuals; the ideal Kanu black F3 generation female parent and male parent are selected to be further crossed, fixed and bred in a self-organizing way, and a new strain (variety) for Guizhou black goat meat is obtained in a certain scale.
Selection criteria for the karnu black F3 generation breeding core group: female parent: the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big and does not droop, the breast base is wide, the body is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190%, and the body weight is more than 57.00 kg; male parent: the body is tall and big, the body structure is uniform, the back and the waist are straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back trunk is full of growth, the four limbs are strong and solid, the muscles are full, and the weight is more than 61.00 kg;
description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: a breeding flow chart of the new strain for Guizhou black goat meat, wherein:
black 100%: the ratio of the black goat blood relationship in Guizhou is 100%.
The Knoop is 100%: the ratio of the blood margin of the Nubian goats is 100%.
Card 100%: the ratio of the blood margin of the finger cara-goat is 100%.
Nu 50% and black 50%: the ratio of the blood margin of the Nubian goats is 50 percent, and the ratio of the blood margin of the black goats in Guizhou is 50 percent.
50% of card and 50% of Knoop: the ratio of the blood margin of the finger cara goat is 50 percent; the proportion of the Nubian goat blood relative to the Nubian goat blood is 50%.
Card 50%, Nu 25%, Black 25%: the ratio of the goat to the goat is 50%, the ratio of the goat to the Nubia goat is 25%, and the ratio of the black goat to the Guizhou goat is 25%.
Card 50%, Nu 37.5%, black 12.5%: the ratio of the goat to the goat is 50%, the ratio of the goat to the Nubian is 37.5%, and the ratio of the black goat to the Guizhou is 12.5%.
To further confirm the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventors conducted experiments, specifically as follows:
one, experimental materials and sources:
conventional materials such as chloroprostinol injection (PG, Shanghai family planning research institute), menotrophin for injection (PMSG, Ningbo city Sansheng pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), CIDR suppository (Australia Zoetis Co., Ltd.), progesterone vaginal sponge suppository (Beijing Lvxin kang farming science and technology Co., Ltd.), and the like.
Second, test selection method
1. The method of example 12 of the present invention.
2. The method adopted in the comparative example 1 (application number: 201811626630.4, invention name: breeding method of new hybrid strain of Guizhou black goat and Nubian goat) comprises the following specific steps:
a breeding method of a new Guizhou black goat and Nubian goat hybrid strain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) respectively and separately captive breeding an adult pure Guizhou black goat ram, a Guizhou black goat ewe and an adult pure Nubian goat ram;
2) hybridizing an adult pure-breed Guizhou black goat ewe serving as an ancestral female parent and an adult pure-breed Nubian goat ram serving as an ancestral male parent to obtain a hybrid F1 generation, namely a Nubian black binary sheep;
3) hybridizing a Nubian-black binary sheep serving as a female parent and a pure Guizhou black goat ram of different strains in the step 2) serving as a male parent to obtain a Henua hybrid sheep;
4) and (3) carrying out transverse mating and fixing on the Henu hybrid sheep obtained in the step 3) for three generations to obtain the Henu strain sheep.
3. Comparative example 2 the method of claim 1 (patent application No. 201910320903.0, title of the invention: method for breeding meat black goats by three-line mating hybridization) was used.
A method for breeding high-quality black goats by three-line mating hybridization is characterized in that:
step one, establishing three hybrid mating systems of Ka Gui Nu, Jian Gui Nu and Ka Gui Jian;
1) the breeding of the California hybrid mating series is to obtain California F1 generation goats and Nubian F1 generation goats by hybridizing the California ram and the Nubian ram with the ewes of Guizhou black goats respectively; mutually hybridizing the obtained Ka Gui F1 generation goat and the Nu Gui F1 generation goat to obtain the Ka Gui F2 generation goat;
2) the breeding of the simple and noble hybridization mating line is as follows: respectively hybridizing a Jian Zhou big-ear goat ram and a Nubian goat with a ewe of a Guizhou black goat to obtain a Jiangui F1 generation goat and a Nubian F1 generation goat; the obtained simple and precious F1 generation goat and the Nubian F1 generation goat are mutually hybridized to obtain the simple and precious F2 generation goat;
3) the breeding of the chuangui simple hybrid mating series is as follows: crossbreeding a Karahayao goat and a Jianzhou big-ear goat ram with a ewe of a Guizhou black goat to obtain a Kaguio F1 generation goat and a Jianguio F1 generation goat; mutually hybridizing the obtained Ka Gui F1 goat generation and the simple and precious F1 goat generation to obtain a Ka Gui F2 goat generation;
step two, hybridizing the three hybrid mating systems of the Ka Gui Nu F2 goat generation, the simple Gui Nu F2 goat generation and the Ka Gui simple F2 goat generation F2 goat generation, specifically: hybridizing the Kanu F2 generation goat with the simple nu F2 generation goat to obtain the Kanu simple and precious F3 generation goat; hybridizing the goat of the generation of Jiannu Ka F2 and the goat of the generation of Ka Gui simple F2 to obtain the goat of the generation of Jiannu Ka Gui F3;
and step three, mutually hybridizing the Kanu Jiangui F3 generation goat and the Kanu Jiangui F3 generation goat obtained in the step two to obtain the commercial meat generation type black goat, namely the Kanu Jiangui F4 generation goat.
Third, measuring the index
Measuring body size, lactation performance, reproduction character and meat production performance.
Fourthly, experimental results:
the data of the present invention and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, in terms of body size, lactation performance, reproductive performance and meat production performance.
TABLE 1 adult sheep body rule results (average male and female values) TABLE
| Variety (series) | Body weight (kg) | Height (cm) | Body length (cm) | Chest circumference (cm) |
| The invention | 67.51±4.59 | 84.26±3.58 | 72.83±3.41 | 94.29±4.31 |
| Comparative example 1 | 53.58±3.09 | 79.47±2.74 | 68.83±2.43 | 88.49±3.71 |
| Comparative example 2 | 61.24±3.38 | 80.65±3.04 | 69.76±2.55 | 92.33±4.62 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the weight of the present invention reaches (67.51. + -. 4.59) kg, the height of the body reaches (84.26. + -. 3.58) cm, the length of the body reaches (72.83. + -. 3.41) cm, and the chest circumference of the body is (94.29. + -. 4.31) cm, which is superior to those of comparative examples 1 and 2.
TABLE 2 lactation Performance Table
| Variety (series) | Lactation period (Tian) | Lactation yield (g/day) | Butter fat percentage (%) |
| The invention | 115±15 | 835.94±49 | 4.59±0.97 |
| Comparative example 1 | 107±15 | 763.67±37 | 4.38±0.78 |
| Comparative example 2 | 110±15 | 826.35±53 | 4.58±0.83 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the lactation period of the invention is (115 +/-15) days, the lactation amount is (835.94 +/-49) g/day, and the milk fat rate is (4.59 +/-0.97)%, which is superior to that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
TABLE 3 reproduction traits results Table
| Variety (series) | Average number of born lambs | Average lambing percentage (%) |
| The invention | 1.89±0.82 | 174.93±18.24 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.72±0.76 | 166.60±17.57 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.81±0.077 | 169.34±17.67 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the average number of born lambs (1.89 + -0.82) of the present invention is higher than that of the comparative examples 1 and 2 in the average lambing rate (174.93 + -18.24)%.
TABLE 4 meat production Performance Table for the year of the year
| Variety (series) | Dressing percentage (%) | Meat percentage (%) | Meat to bone ratio |
| The invention | 50.37±1.98 | 37.51±2.55 | 4.13：1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 47.63±1.22 | 34.83±2.16 | 3.93：1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 47.71±1.43 | 35.23±2.08 | 3.97：1 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the dressing percentage of the invention (50.37 + -1.98)%, the net meat percentage (37.51 + -2.55)%, the meat-bone ratio of the invention is 4.13: 1, superior to comparative examples 1 and 2.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The breeding method of the new strain/variety for the meat of the Guizhou black goats is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) group establishment of Guizhou black goat, Nubian goat and Karaha goat
Identifying and evaluating Guizhou black goats, Nubian goats and Karaha goats according to the body shape and the appearance and the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP method, and selecting excellent Guizhou black goat ewe, Nubian goat ram and ewe and Karaha goat ram to establish breeding populations;
2) establishing a basic group of a Knoop-Black hybrid F1 generation female parent and a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male parent
The method comprises the following steps of taking a Guizhou black goat as a female parent and a Nubian goat ram as a male parent for hybridization, wherein the blood ratio of the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat is 50%, obtaining and screening Nubian black F1 generation female sheep, and establishing a Nubian black hybrid F1 generation basic female sheep group; taking a Nubian goat as a female parent and a Kara-Ha goat as a male parent for hybridization, wherein the blood relationship of the Nubian goat and the Kara-Ha goat is respectively 50%, obtaining and screening a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goat, and establishing a Kanu hybrid F1 generation male goat group;
3) establishing Bernoulli black F2 generation female parent basic group
Using the Nubian black F1 generation as a female parent to hybridize with a Kara-Ha goat male parent, wherein the ratio of the blood relationship of the Kara-Ha goat is 50%, and the ratio of the blood relationship of the Guizhou black goat and the Nubian goat is 25%, and obtaining and screening the Kanu black F2 generation female parent;
the selection standard of the Bernoulli black F2 generation female parent basic group is as follows: the physique is tall and big, the body structure is uniform, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide and the waist is long and straight, the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big without sagging, the breast base is wide, the physique is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190 percent, and the body weight is more than 55.00 kg;
4) establishment and transverse crossing fixation of Kanuhei F3 generation breeding core group
Using a Kanu black F2 generation female parent to hybridize with a Kanu F1 generation male parent, obtaining and screening a Kanu black F3 generation male parent and a Kanu black F3 generation female parent, wherein the Kanu black F2 generation female parent is 50% in terms of blood relationship, the Nunu ya goat is 37.5% in terms of blood relationship, and the Guizhou black goat is 12.5% in terms of blood relationship; screening Kanuhei F3 generation individuals by taking the individual meat yield as a target, and propagating the F3 generation individuals by utilizing techniques of synchronous estrus, artificial insemination, superovulation and embryo transplantation; and selecting the female parent and the male parent of the Kanu black F3 generation for further transverse crossing fixation and self-mass breeding to obtain a new strain/seed for the meat of the Guizhou black goat at a certain scale.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the excellent Guizhou black goat selection criteria are: the fur has black and glossy color, horns, straight noses, convex forehead, uniform body structure, straight back and waist, good sexual organ development, multiple lambs, good nipple and breast development and normal reproductive performance, and the weight of a male sheep is more than 38.90kg, and the weight of a female sheep is more than 35.40 kg.
3. Cultivation process according to claim 1, characterized in that the excellent Nubian goat selection criteria: the sheep has black fur, luster, horniness, slightly convex face, wide back, long waist, high physique, good sexual organ development, more lambs born by the ewe and good nipple and breast development, male characteristic long hair and beard in the front body of the ram, the weight of the ram is more than 47.86kg, and the weight of the ewe is more than 44.76 kg.
4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by an excellent selection criterion for the caprine ram: the fur has black color, luster, horniness, thick limbs, wide and flat back, plump muscles, developed hip muscles, round and compact body side, male characteristic long hair and beard in the front trunk, weight of over 60kg and normal reproductive performance.
5. Cultivation process according to claim 1, characterized in that the NouHemictic F1 generation is the selection criterion for the parent basic group: the abdomen is big, the body is tall, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide, the waist is long and straight, the nojiri is wide and long, the abdomen is big without sagging, the breast base is wide, the body is firm, the lambing rate is over 170 percent, and the body weight is over 44.00 kg;
selection criteria for the karnoulli hybrid F1 generation parent basic group: the body has high physique, symmetrical body structure, straight back and waist, wide and deep chest, compact abdomen, wide and long nojirima, full growth of the posterior trunk, stout limbs, full muscles and the weight of over 51.00 kg.
6. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the selection criteria for the Bernoulli black F3 generation breeding core group are: female parent: the abdomen is round and compact, the abdomen is big and does not droop, the breast base is wide, the body is firm, the lambing rate is more than 190%, and the body weight is more than 57.00 kg; male parent: the body is tall and big, the body structure is symmetrical, the back and the waist are straight, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is round and compact, the back is full of growth, the four limbs are strong and solid, the muscles are full, and the weight is more than 61.00 kg.
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