CN109463348B - Breeding method of five-line hybridization matched lean type breeding pigs - Google Patents

Breeding method of five-line hybridization matched lean type breeding pigs Download PDF

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CN109463348B
CN109463348B CN201811169075.7A CN201811169075A CN109463348B CN 109463348 B CN109463348 B CN 109463348B CN 201811169075 A CN201811169075 A CN 201811169075A CN 109463348 B CN109463348 B CN 109463348B
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CN109463348A (en
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吴珍芳
罗旭芳
王青来
蔡更元
刘珍云
刘敬顺
杨杰
郑恩琴
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South China Agricultural University
Wens Foodstuff Group Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of livestock breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a lean type breeding pig matched with five-line hybridization, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting Pietrain pigs as father-line male parents, selecting Duroc pigs as father-line female parents, and hybridizing to obtain Pixadu pigs as terminal male parents; s2: selecting a long white pig as a maternal male parent, selecting a big white pig as a maternal female parent, and hybridizing to obtain a 'long x big' pig as a maternal ancestor female parent; s3: selecting another long white pig as a ancestral male parent to be hybridized with the 'long x big' pig obtained in the step S2 to obtain the 'long x (long x big)' pig as a terminal female parent; s4: the 'long X big' pig and the 'long X (long X big') pig are hybridized to obtain the lean type pig matched with the five-line hybridization. The commercial pork pigs bred by the method have the advantages of consistent body shape and appearance and long body; the head is medium and large, and the mouth is medium and wide; straight back and waist, slightly contracted abdomen and firm limbs; the economic value on the market is great, and the meat quality is excellent; the production efficiency is high.

Description

Breeding method of five-line hybridization matched lean type breeding pigs
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of livestock breeding, in particular to a breeding method of five-line hybridization matched lean-type breeding pigs.
Background
The production of commercial pigs needs to take efficiency, benefit and quality into consideration. The pig breeding method has the advantages that the pig breeding method is high in reproductive capacity, suitable for large-weight marketing, high in feed conversion rate, high in lean meat percentage, high in growth speed and excellent in meat quality, is a main target of pig breeding at present and in the future for a long time, and high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality varieties suitable for large-scale breeding are favored by the market more easily. Because the traditional high-quality pig breeds can only show two advantages of high lean meat percentage and high growth speed, the convergence of a plurality of advantages is difficult to achieve, and a matched system can intensively show a plurality of advantages. Therefore, the mating line pigs are often the preferred choice for the production of various large-scale farms. For example, PIC utilizes the high reproductive capacity and good meat quality of Taihu lake pigs to breed a new maternal line 'Kanbel', and the new maternal line is hybridized with the 402 paternal line to form a fixed five-line set to produce the hybrid-superior pigs, thereby solving the contradiction of low reproductive capacity and poor meat quality to different degrees.
The complete set system appears in the early 80 th to 90 th of the last century, and the Western countries such as English, American and the like use big white pigs, long white pigs and Duroc pigs as breeding pigs to produce 'Dux (long x big)' pork pigs, and 80% of the market share of the pig raising production is occupied by the new production mode in short years. Therefore, the mating line hybridization is the inevitable choice for the large-scale pig raising development. With the continuous optimization and development of the mating line, the five-line mating lean-type breeding pig breeding method is found to be capable of more fully utilizing the heterosis of the male parent, the female parent and the individual compared with the three-line and four-line mating pig breeding systems, the production efficiency and the economic benefit are higher, the five-line mating lean-type breeding pig breeding method is adopted by foreign advanced breeding companies and is a trend of mating line development, the breeding research of lean-type five-line mating commercial pork pigs in China is less, and on the basis, the invention of the breeding method of the five-line mating lean-type breeding pig is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breeding method of five-line hybridization matched lean-type breeding pigs aiming at the blank of the prior art in China, and the specific scheme is as follows:
the invention discloses a breeding method of five-line hybrid matched lean type breeding pigs, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a Pietrain pig specialized strain (S11 line) as a male parent of a mating line, selecting a Duroc pig specialized strain (S22 line) as a female parent of the mating line, and hybridizing to obtain a Pietra Du male pig (S122 line) as a terminal male parent of the mating line;
s2: selecting a specialized strain of the long white pig (W51 line) as a male parent of a mating line maternal line, selecting a specialized strain of the large white pig (W62 line) as a female parent of the maternal line, and hybridizing to obtain a specialized strain of the long x large pig (W212 line) as a progenitor female parent of the mating line maternal line;
s3: selecting another specialized strain of the long white pigs (W52 line) as a male parent of a mating line ancestor and hybridizing the male parent of the W212 line obtained in the step S2 to obtain a specialized strain of the long x (long x large) pigs (W352 line) as a terminal female parent of the mating line;
s4: and (4) hybridizing the boar of the S122 line obtained in the step (S1) with the sow of the W352 line obtained in the step (S3) to obtain the lean type boar matched with the five-line hybridization.
Preferably, in S1, the S11 is obtained by screening a BP value comprehensive body type score, and the calculation formula of the BP value is as follows:
Bp＝100+SD×[W1×EBVADG/SDADG+W2×EBVBF/SDBF+W3×EBVLMA/SDLMA+W4×EBVFCR/SDFCR]，
in the formula: SD, SDADG、SDBF、SDLMA、SDFCRRespectively the standard deviation of the total body weight, the daily gain of 30-115kg, the back fat thickness of the living body reaching 115kg, the eye muscle area reaching 115kg and the material weight ratio of 30-115 kg; w1、W2、W3、W4Respectively the daily gain of 30-115kg, the living backfat thickness of 115kg body weight, the eye muscle area of 115kg body weight and the economic weighted value of the material weight ratio of 30-115 kg; EBVADG、EBVBF、EBVLMAAnd EBVFCRRespectively obtaining breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio, wherein the breeding values are obtained by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method, and the calculation method is as follows: y isijklm＝μi+hyssij+lik+gil+aijklm+eijklmIn the formula: i is the ith trait (1 ═ 30-115kg daily gain, 2 ═ 115kg body weight in vivo backfat thickness, 3 ═ 115kg eye muscleArea, 4-30-115 kg material weight ratio), yijklmIs an observed value of growth performance of an individual, muiAs a total average, hyssijSex fixation effect in the year, at the time of birth, gilFor virtual genome fixation effects,/ikFor pit random effect, aijklmIs a random genetic effect of the individual, eijklmIs a random residual effect.
More preferably, in S1, W1＝0.3，W2＝0.3，W3＝0.2，W4＝0.2。
Preferably, in S1, the S22 is obtained by screening a Bd value comprehensive body type score, and the calculation formula of the Bd value is as follows: b isd＝100+SD′×[W1′×EBVADG′/SDADG′+W2′×EBVBF′/SDBF′+W3′×EBVLMA′/SDLMA′+W4′×EBVFCR′/SDFCR′]In the formula: SD', SDADG’、SDBF’、SDLMA’、SDFCR' is the standard deviation of the ratio of the total body weight, the daily gain of 30-115kg, the back fat of the living body with the weight of 115kg, the eye muscle area with the weight of 115kg and the material weight of 30-115kg respectively; w1’、W2’、W3’、W4' respectively, 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio; EBVADG’、EBVBF’、EBVLMA' and EBVFCR' the breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living backfat, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio are respectively obtained by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method, and the used models are as follows: y isijklm′＝μi′+hyssij′+lik′+gil′+aijklm′+eijklm', wherein: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight and in vivo backfat thickness, 3: 115kg eye muscle area, 4: 30-115kg material weight ratio), yijklm' As an observation of the growth Performance of an individual, mui' is the total average, hyssij' is sex of birth time, field and seasonFixing effect, gil' is a virtual genome fixation effect,/[ik' is the pit random effect, aijklm' is a random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm' is a random residual effect.
More preferably, in S2, W1’＝0.3，W2’＝0.35，W3’＝0.15，W4’＝0.2。
Preferably, in S2, the W51 is obtained by screening according to Fc value binding body type score, and the calculation formula of the Fc value is:
Figure GDA0002855566780000041
in the formula: y is1And Y2To an economic weight value, Y1＝0.55，Y2＝0.45；SD”、SDADG”、SDBF”、SDLMA”、SDTNB、SDHBN、SDLW21Respectively total weight, daily gain of 30-115kg, living backfat thickness of up to 115kg body weight, eye muscle area of up to 115kg body weight, total litter size of birth, healthy litter size of birth and standard deviation of 21-day-old litter weight; w1”、W2”、W3”、W5、W6、W7Respectively, the daily gain is 30-115kg, the living backfat of the body with the weight of 115kg, the eye muscle area of the body with the weight of 115kg, the total litter size of the product, the healthy litter size of the product and the litter size of 21 days old are obtained; EBVADG”、EBVBF”、EBVLMA”、EBVTNB、EBVHBN、EBVLW21Respectively the breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight, and estimating the characters by an animal model BLUP method to obtain the EBV-gene vaccine, wherein the EBV-gene vaccine is obtained by estimating the characters of the animal modelADG”、EBVBF"and EBVLMA"the estimation model is as follows: y isijklm″＝μi″+hyssij″+lik″+gil″+aijklm″+eijklm", wherein: i is the ith trait (1 ═ 30-115kg daily gain, 2 ═ 115kg body weight live fat thickness, 3 ═ 115kg body weight eye thickness)Muscle area), yijklm"is an observed value of growth performance of an individual, μi"is the total average number, hyssij"the effect of sex fixation in the year, time of birth, gil"is a virtual genome fixation effect,"ik"is the pit random effect, aijklmIs a random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm"is a random residual effect; wherein EBVTNB、EBVHBNAnd EBVLW21The estimation model is as follows: y isijkl＝μi″′+hyspij+ljk+aijkl+pijkl+eijklIn the formula, yijklMu.l is the observed value of the ith trait (1: total litter size, 2: Jian litter size, 3: 21 day old litter weight)i"' is the total average number, hyspijFor the effect of fixing the number of births in the field of sow farrowing in the year, |jkIs the litter effect of the sow, aijklIs a random genetic effect of an individual, pijklFor permanent environmental effects on sows, eijklIs a random residual effect.
More preferably, W1”＝0.2，W2”＝0.25，W3”＝0.1，W5”＝0.15，W6”＝0.15，W7”＝0.15。
Preferably, in S2, the W62 is selected according to Fd value binding body type score;
Figure GDA0002855566780000051
in the formula: y is1' and Y2' is an economic weight value, Y1’＝0.45，Y2’＝0.55；SD”’、SDADG”’、SDBF”’、SDLMA”’、SDTNB’、SDHBN’、SDLW21' Total, 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size produced, healthy litter size produced and 21 day old litter weight standard deviation respectively; w1”’、W2”’、W3”’、W5’、W6’、W7' respectively 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living bodyBack fat thickness, eye muscle area up to 115kg body weight, total litter size, healthy litter size and economic weighting value of 21-day-old litter weight; EBVADG”’、EBVBF”’、EBVLMA”’、EBVTNB’、EBVHBN’、EBVLW21Respectively obtaining the breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method, wherein EBV is obtainedADG”’、EBVBF"' and EBVLMAThe "' estimation model is as follows: y isijklm″′＝μi″″+hyssij″′+lik″′+gil″′+aijklm″′+eijklm", wherein: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight in vivo backfat thickness, 3: 115kg body weight eye muscle area), yijklm"' is an observation of individual growth performance, μi"' is the Total average number, hyssij"' is the effect of sex fixation in the year of birth, gil"' is the effect of virtual genome fixation,/ik"' is the pit random effect, aijklm"' is the random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm"' is the random residual effect; wherein EBVTNB’、EBVHBN' and EBVLW21The' estimation model is as follows: y isijkl′＝μi″″′+hyspij′+ljk′+aijkl′+pijkl′+eijkl', wherein yijkl"is the observed value of the ith trait (1 ═ total litter size, 2 ═ Jian litter size, 3 ═ 21 day old litter weight), and μi"" is the total average, hyspij' is the effect of fixing the number of births in the year of the sow during farrowing, |jk'is the litter effect of the sow's birth, aijkl' is a random genetic Effect of an individual, pijkl' is a permanent environmental effect of the sow, eijkl' is a random residual effect.
More preferably, W1”’＝0.2，W2”’＝0.15，W3”’＝0.1，W5’＝0.2，W6’＝0.2，W7’＝0.15。
Preferably, in S3, the W52 is selected according to Fc2 value binding body type score; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0002855566780000071
in the formula: y is1"and Y2"is an economic weight value, Y1”＝0.55，Y2”＝0.45；SD””、SDADG””、SDBF””、SDLMA””、SDTNB”、SDHBN”、SDLW21"total, 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight standard deviation respectively; w1””、W2””、W3””、W5”、W6”、W7"respectively are the economic weighted values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight; EBVADG””、EBVBF””、EBVLMA””、EBVTNB”、EBVHBN”、EBVLW21The breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight are obtained by estimating characters through an animal model BLUP method, wherein EBV isADG””、EBVBF"" and EBVLMAThe "estimation model is as follows: y isijklm″″＝μi″″″+hyssij″″+lik″″+gil″″+aijklm″″+eijklm", wherein: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight in vivo backfat thickness, 3: 115kg body weight eye muscle area), yijklm"is an observed value of individual growth performance, mui"" is the total average number, hyssij"is the effect of sex fixation in the year of birth, gil"is the virtual genome fixation effect, lik"is the pit random effect，aijklm"" is the random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm"" is the random residual effect; wherein EBVTNB”、EBVHBN"and EBVLW21"the estimation model is as follows:
ijkl″＝μi″″″′+hyspij″+ljk″+aijkl″+pijkl″+eijkl", wherein yijkl"is the observed value of the ith trait (1: total litter size, 2: healthy litter size, 3: 21 day old litter weight), μi"" is the total average, hyspij"is the fixed effect of the annual fetal times in the farrowing period of the sow," is the fixed effect of the annual fetal times in the farrowing period of the sow "", andjk"is the litter effect of the sow at birth, aijkl"is a random genetic effect of an individual, pijkl"is a permanent environmental effect of the sow," eijkl"is the random residual effect.
More preferably, W1””＝0.2，W2””＝0.25，W3””＝0.1，W5”＝0.15、W6”＝0.15，W7”＝0.15。
The second aspect of the invention discloses five-line hybridization matched lean-type breeding pigs obtained by the method.
The third aspect of the invention discloses the application of the method in the field of animal breeding.
The invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the breeding method of the five-line hybridization matched lean type breeding pig utilizes the existing pig breed resources at home and abroad and according to the open core group subculture breeding method, specialized strains are cultivated, and further the commercial pig with high heterosis is obtained through the matched hybridization of the specialized strains. The commercial pork pigs bred by the method have the advantages of consistent body shape and appearance and long body; the head is medium and large, and the mouth is medium and wide; straight back and waist, slightly contracted abdomen and firm limbs; the economic value on the market is great, and the meat quality is excellent; the production efficiency is high.
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The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, the examples of which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the design concept of a breeding method of a five-line hybridization matched lean type breeding pig disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only for the purpose of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 high growth Performance Special Pietrain Strain (S11 line)
The breeding group of the Pietrain special line strain is constructed by taking HN111 line (from France Hybrids and Beijing pig breeding center) in the 'Huanong wen I pig matched line' examined by a new Chinese variety (matched line) as a basis and combining with an independent lineage newly introduced from the France Hybrids. Breeding 19 boars, 325 sows and 9 independent bloodlines.
Mating and farrowing are carried out on the male and female pigs in the breeding group, the piglets adopt individual selection, and the determination of siblings and half-siblings is combined. In the initial selection stage, breeding pigs which do not meet the variety standard, have genetic defects, poor growth and development, poor development or deformity of reproductive organs, serious limb and hoof diseases, body type scores below the minimum standard and the like are eliminated by adopting an independent elimination method; and in the final selection stage, selection and retention are mainly carried out according to the following comprehensive selection index (Bp) formula, and body type scores and molecular marker information are combined for assisting selection and retention.
Bp＝100+SD×[0.3×EBVADG/SDADG+0.3×EBVBF/SDBF+0.2×EBVLMA/SDLMA+0.2×EBVFCR/SDFCR]
SD、SDADG、SDBF、SDLMA、SDFCRRespectively the total, the daily gain of 30-115kg, the back fat thickness of the living body of up to 115kg, the eye muscle area of up to 115kg and the standard deviation of the material weight ratio of 30-115 kg; EBVADG、EBVBF、EBVLMAAnd EBVFCRRespectively the breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio, and the characters are estimated by an animal model BLUP method to obtain.
The Bp values of the male and female pigs are respectively arranged from high to low, and meanwhile, the phenotypic values of the pig body type score, the body length and the like and the molecular marker information of the halothane gene, the rib number gene and the like are referred, when a plurality of pigs can be selected at similar comprehensive selection indexes, the pigs with the highest body type score, the longest body length and no positive halothane gene, and with the dominant rib number gene, the dominant alpha 1-fucosyltransferase gene and the dominant insulin growth factor II gene are preferentially selected. The selective retention rate of boars is controlled to be 2-3 percent, and the selective retention rate of sows is controlled to be 10-20 percent. 1.5 years of generation, selecting and reserving 5.8 generations, and finally selecting and breeding the high-growth-performance special strain of the Peterland, which is characterized in that: the frequency of the colony positive halothane genes is controlled to be below 14 percent, the body weight of 115kg is 178 days old, the body length is 117.3cm, the body height is 59.35cm, the daily gain of 30-115kg is 836g, the material weight ratio is 2.27, the back fat thickness is 12.2mm, the eye muscle area is 46.86cm2。
Example 2 Duroc specific Strain with high growth Performance (S22 line)
A Duroc strain breeding group is constructed on the basis of Duroc pigs introduced from DGI company of Canada. 30 boars, 545 sows and 10 independent ancestors are bred.
Mating and farrowing are carried out on the male and female pigs in the breeding group, the piglets adopt individual selection, and the determination of siblings and half-siblings is combined. In the initial selection stage, breeding pigs which do not meet the variety standard, have genetic defects, poor growth and development, poor development or deformity of reproductive organs, serious limb and hoof diseases, body type scores below the minimum standard and the like are eliminated by adopting an independent elimination method; and in the final selection stage, selection and retention are mainly carried out according to the following comprehensive selection index (Bd) formula, and body type scores and molecular marker information are combined for assisting selection and retention.
Bd＝100+SD′×[0.3×EBVADG′/SDADG′+0.35×EBVBF′/SDBF′+0.15×EBVLMA′/SDLMA′+0.2×EBVFCR′/SDFCR′]
SD’、SDADG’、SDBF’、SDLMA’、SDFCR' respectively areOverall, daily gain of 30-115kg, living backfat thickness of up to 115kg body weight, eye muscle area of up to 115kg body weight and standard deviation of material-weight ratio of 30-115 kg; EBVADG’、EBVBF’、EBVLMA' and EBVFCRThe' is respectively the breeding value of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio, and is obtained by estimating the characters by an animal model BLUP method.
The Bd values of the male and female pigs are respectively arranged from high to low, and meanwhile, the phenotypic values of the pig body type score, the body length and the like and the molecular marker information of the halothane gene, the rib number gene and the like are referred, when a plurality of pigs can be selected at similar comprehensive selection indexes, the pigs with the highest body type score, the longest body length and no positive halothane gene, the dominant rib number gene, the dominant alpha 1-fucosyltransferase gene and the dominant insulin growth factor II gene are preferentially selected. The selective retention rate of boars is controlled to be 2-3 percent, and the selective retention rate of sows is controlled to be 10-20 percent. 1.5 years of generation, selecting and remaining 6.2 generations, finally selecting and breeding the Duroc special strain with high growth performance, which is characterized in that: the frequency of the colony positive halothane genes is controlled to be below 14 percent, the body length of 115kg body weight is 118.7 cm, the body height is 61.85 cm, the daily gain of 30-115kg body weight is 912g, the material weight ratio is 2.26, the back fat thickness is 12.3mm, the eye muscle area is 41.05cm2。
Example 3 high reproductive Performance Changbai pig specialization line (W51 line)
Based on the HN151 strain in the approved 'Huanongwen I' matched line of a new Chinese variety (matched line), the breeding line introduced from Danish Danyu company and Guangxi Korea new-source breeding pig company is integrated, and a Changbai pig specialized line breeding line group is constructed. 35 boars, 647 sows and 10 independent ancestors are bred.
Mating and farrowing are carried out on the male and female pigs in the breeding group, the piglets adopt individual selection, and the determination of siblings and half-siblings is combined. The method comprises the following initial selection stages: firstly, adopting an independent elimination method to eliminate the breeding pigs which do not meet the variety standard, have genetic defects, poor growth and development, poor development or malformation of reproductive organs, serious limb and hoof diseases, body type scores below the minimum standard and the like and do not meet the requirement of the breeding; in the final selection stage, selection and retention are carried out according to the following formula comprehensive selection index Fc, and body type scoring and molecular marker information are combined for auxiliary selection and retention.
Figure GDA0002855566780000121
SD”、SDADG”、SDBF”、SDLMA”、SDTNB、SDHBN、SDLW21Respectively total weight, daily gain of 30-115kg, living backfat of up to 115kg body weight, eye muscle area of up to 115kg body weight, total litter size of birth, healthy litter size of birth and standard deviation of 21-day-old litter weight; EBVADG”、EBVBF”、EBVLMA”、EBVTNB、EBVHBN、EBVLW21The breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, living backfat of 115kg body weight, eye muscle area of 115kg body weight, total litter size of birth, healthy litter size of birth and litter size of 21 days old are obtained by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method.
Arranging Fc values of male and female pigs from high to low, simultaneously referring to molecular marker information of pig body length phenotype values and halothane genes and rib number genes, and selecting the pigs with longest body length, no fluorine alkyl genes, dominant rib number genes, dominant alpha 1-fucose transferase genes and dominant insulin-like growth factor II genes when multiple pigs can be selected at similar comprehensive selection indexes. The selective retention rate of boars is controlled to be 2-3 percent, and the selective retention rate of sows is controlled to be 10-20 percent. After selecting and remaining for 5.8 generations in 1.6 years of one generation, the special line of the Changbai pig with high reproductive performance is finally selected and bred, and is characterized in that: the body length of the body is 120.2cm when the body weight reaches 115kg, the body height is 61.2cm, the daily gain of the body is 880g when the body weight reaches 30-115kg, the back fat thickness is 12.35mm, and the eye muscle area is 40cm2The average litter size of the sows is 12, the healthy litter size is 10.7, and the weight of 21-day-old litter is 67.0 kg.
Example 4 high reproductive Performance white pig specialization line (W62 line)
A large white pig specialized line strain breeding group is constructed on the basis of large white pigs introduced from France Hybrids in the Qingyuan original breeding field of the Guangdong Wen's group and large white pigs introduced from the Beijing breeding center. 50 boars, 1112 sows and 11 independent ancestors are bred.
Mating and farrowing are carried out on the male and female pigs in the breeding group, the piglets adopt individual selection, and the determination of siblings and half-siblings is combined. In the initial selection stage, breeding pigs which do not meet the variety standard, have genetic defects, poor growth and development, poor development or deformity of reproductive organs, serious limb and hoof diseases, body type scores below the minimum standard and the like are eliminated by adopting an independent elimination method; and in the final selection stage, selection and retention are mainly carried out according to the following comprehensive selection index (Fd) formula, and body type score and molecular marker information are combined for auxiliary selection and retention.
Figure GDA0002855566780000131
SD”’、SDADG”’、SDBF”’、SDLMA”’、SDTNB’、SDHBN’、SDLW21' Total, 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size produced, healthy litter size produced and 21 day old litter weight standard deviation respectively; EBVADG”’、EBVBF”’、EBVLMA”’、EBVTNB’、EBVHBN’、EBVLW21The' breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight are respectively obtained by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method.
And (3) arranging Fd values of the male and female pigs from high to low respectively, and referring to phenotypic values such as the body length and the body size score of the pigs and molecular marker information such as rib number genes and alpha 1-fucosyltransferase genes, and selecting the pigs with the longest body length, the highest body size score and the dominant rib number genes, the dominant alpha 1-fucosyltransferase genes and the dominant insulin growth factor II genes when multiple pigs can be selected at similar comprehensive selection indexes. The selective retention rate of boars is controlled to be 2-3 percent, and the selective retention rate of sows is controlled to be 10-20 percent. 1.5 years of generation, selecting and remaining 7.5 generations, and finally selecting and breeding the special line of the big white pig with high reproductive performance, which is characterized in that: the weight of 115kg body is 124.3cm in length, the height of body is 61cm, the daily gain of 30-115kg body is 924.5g, the thickness of backfat is 14.15mm, the eye muscle area is 38.95cm2, the average litter size of the sow is 13.7, the healthy litter size is 11.2, and the weight of 21-day-old litter is 65.9 kg.
Example 5 high reproductive Performance Long white pig specialization line (W52 line)
A specialized strain breeding group of the Changbai pig is constructed on the basis of the Changbai pig introduced from France Hybrids in the Qingyuan original breeding field of the Guangdong Wen's group and the Changbai pig introduced from the Beijing breeding center. 35 boars, 611 sows and 10 independent bloodlines are bred.
Mating and farrowing are carried out on the male and female pigs in the breeding group, the piglets adopt individual selection, and the determination of siblings and half-siblings is combined. In the initial selection stage, breeding pigs which do not meet the variety standard, have genetic defects, poor growth and development, poor development or deformity of reproductive organs, serious limb and hoof diseases, body type scores below the minimum standard and the like are eliminated by adopting an independent elimination method; and in the final selection stage, selection and retention are mainly carried out according to the following comprehensive selection index (Fc2) formula, and body type scores and molecular marker information are combined for assisting selection and retention.
Figure GDA0002855566780000141
SD””、SDADG””、SDBF””、SDLMA””、SDTNB”、SDHBN”、SDLW21"total, 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight standard deviation respectively; EBVADG””、EBVBF””、EBVLMA””、EBVTNB”、EBVHBN”、EBVLW21The breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight are obtained by estimating characters through an animal model BLUP method.
The Fc2 values of the boars and the sows are respectively arranged from high to low, and the phenotypic values such as the body length and the body size score of the pigs and the molecular marker information such as the rib number genes and the alpha 1-fucosyltransferase genes are simultaneously referred, when the similar comprehensive selection indexes have the selection of multiple pigs, the boars with the longest body length, the highest body size score and the dominant rib number genes, the dominant alpha 1-fucosyltransferase genes and the dominant insulin growth factor II genes are selected. The selective retention rate of boars is controlled to be 2-3 percent, and the selective retention rate of sows is controlled to be 10-20 percent. After selecting and remaining 6.8 generations in one generation in 1.5 years, the special line of the Changbai pig with high reproductive performance is finally selected and bred, and is characterized in that: the weight of 115kg body is 118.5cm in length, the height of body is 58.75cm, the daily gain of 30-115kg body is 919g, the back fat thickness is 13.8mm, the eye muscle area is 36.55cm2, the average litter size of the sow is 12.8, the healthy litter size is 10.4, and the weight of 21-day-old litter is 67.4 kg.
Example 7 hybridization combination experiments and determination of combining ability
Because the Pietrain pig of the S11 line and the Duroc pig of the S22 line are father line resources, the method is suitable for providing a terminal male parent for a complete set line. The W51 line, W52 line Changbai pig and W62 line Dabai pig are maternal resources, which are suitable for providing terminal parents for the mating line.
Screening for hybrid combinations that produce terminal parents takes into account two factors: (1) two specialized strains from the same variety do not mate directly; (2) the big white pig is superior to the long white pig in the aspects of fecundity, the acropodium compactness, the utilization rate of the breeding pig and the like, so the big white pig is considered as a maternal line.
Therefore, 3 combinations of W212(W51 × W62), W351[ W52 × (W51 × W62) ] and W352[ W51 × (W52 × W62) ] were determined to participate in growth, reproductive performance and body shape appearance measurement experiments. The hybridization combination test was carried out in the manner and amount of hybridization combinations shown in Table 1, and three swine breeds were bred according to the conventional method for each herd, and the breeding performance, appearance condition and growth performance index of the hybridized swine were measured to compare the combining ability between the hybridization combinations.
TABLE 1 determination of Productivity, body appearance and reproductive Performance by hybrid combination
Figure GDA0002855566780000161
Comparing three hybridization modes, and performing variance analysis on 8 indexes listed in the table 1 by using a variance analysis method, wherein the result shows that the reproductive performance is in the aspect of: the total litter size of the W352 combination litter is significantly higher than that of the W351 and W212 combinations; the combination of Ws 352 in litter size, litter size and 21 day litter weight has advantages over W351 and W212. The body shape and appearance are as follows: the W212 line pigs have more effective nipples and medium body length; the W351 series pigs have longer body length and less effective papilla number; the W352 pig has the longest length and more effective papillae. Growth performance: the growth speed of the W212-line pig is higher, and the backfat is thicker; the back fat of the W351 pig is thinner, and the growth speed is slower; the growth speed of the W352 pig is high, and the backfat is slightly thicker, but the difference is not large. Comprehensive comparison shows that the propagation performance advantage of the W352 matched combination is obvious, and the body appearance and the growth performance are slightly superior.
Screening of terminal male parents: the growth performance and body morphology determination experiments (see tables 2 and 3) of the S122(S11 × S22) combined with S11, S22 inbred boars were used to screen suitable terminal male parents.
TABLE 2 determination of growth Performance of hybrid combinations of lines
Figure GDA0002855566780000171
The S122 combination is obviously superior to the pure line male parent boar in the age of 115kg day, the daily gain of 30-115kg and the feed-meat ratio of 30-115 kg.
TABLE 3 determination of the physical appearance of the line hybrid combinations
Figure GDA0002855566780000172
The S122 combination is superior in body length.
Combining the growth performance and the body appearance measurement result, the hybridization combination S122 of the Pietrain boar of the S11 line and the Duroc sow of the S22 line is more suitable to be used as a terminal male parent.
EXAMPLE 8 Productivity assay of commercial meat pig of five-line hybridization
The hybrid farrowing of 5 pigs of the S11 line Pietrain obtained in example 1 and 10 pigs of the S22 line Duroc obtained in example 2 were selected to obtain 10 litters of the S122 line Pietrain hybrid pigs, and the breeding pigs were cultured until sexual maturity. 5 long white pigs of the W51 line obtained in example 3 and 10 large white pigs of the W62 line obtained in example 4 were selected to be hybridized and fared to obtain 10 litters of W212 line 'long x large' hybrid pigs, and the breeding pigs were cultured until sexual maturity. 10W 212-line 'Long X big' hybrid pigs were selected to be hybridized with 5W 52-line long white pigs obtained in example 5, to obtain 10W 352-line 'Long X (Long X big)' hybrid pigs, which were cultured until sexual maturity. Selecting 10 hybrid boars of the S122 line PixDu and 10 hybrid sows of the W352 line ChanxLarge for hybridization farrowing, obtaining 132 hybrid commercial pigs of the lean type five lines, and carrying out fattening experiments and slaughtering determination on the high-quality commercial pigs according to a conventional method, wherein hybrid varieties Du x (ChanxLarge) of Duroc pigs, Changbai pigs and big pigs are selected as a control group, as shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 growth, carcass and meat quality traits for (skin × Du) × [ Length × Large) ] "and" Du × (Length × Large)
Figure GDA0002855566780000181
Figure GDA0002855566780000191
The results show that: the lean meat type five-line hybrid commercial pork pig reaches 115kg of weight, the average age per day is as low as 164.2 days, the average daily gain of 30-115kg is 839g, the average material weight ratio of 30-115kg is as low as 2.67, the average back fat thickness of 115kg is 12.6mm, the average carcass eye muscle area is 64.3cm2, the average lean meat percentage reaches 65.43%, the average slaughter rate reaches 77.5%, and no PSE meat exists. The performance of the commercial pork pig matched with the lean type five-line hybridization is obviously superior to that of a control group.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A breeding method of a five-line hybridization matched lean type breeding pig is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a Pietrain pig specialized strain (S11 line) as a male parent of a mating line, selecting a Duroc pig specialized strain (S22 line) as a female parent of the mating line, and hybridizing to obtain a Pietra Du male pig (S122 line) as a terminal male parent of the mating line;
s2: selecting a specialized strain of the long white pig (W51 line) as a male parent of a mating line maternal line, selecting a specialized strain of the large white pig (W62 line) as a female parent of the maternal line, and hybridizing to obtain a specialized strain of the long x large pig (W212 line) as a progenitor female parent of the mating line maternal line;
s3: selecting another specialized strain of the long white pigs (W52 line) as a male parent of a mating line ancestor and hybridizing the male parent of the W212 line obtained in the step S2 to obtain a specialized strain of the long x (long x large) pigs (W352 line) as a terminal female parent of the mating line;
s4: hybridizing the S122-line boar obtained in the step S1 with the W352-line sow obtained in the step S3 to obtain five-line hybridization matched lean-type boars; in S1, the S11 is obtained by screening a BP value comprehensive body type score, and the calculation formula of the BP value is as follows:
Bp＝100+SD×[W1×EBVADG/SDADG+W2×EBVBF/SDBF+W3×EBVLMA/SDLMA+W4×EBVFCR/SDFCR]in the formula: SD, SDADG、SDBF、SDLMA、SDFCRRespectively the standard deviation of the total body weight, the daily gain of 30-115kg, the back fat thickness of the living body reaching 115kg, the eye muscle area reaching 115kg and the material weight ratio of 30-115 kg; w1、W2、W3、W4Respectively 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weightThe back fat thickness of the living body, the eye muscle area of the body weight of 115kg and the economic weighted value of the material weight ratio of 30-115 kg; EBVADG、EBVBF、EBVLMAAnd EBVFCRRespectively obtaining breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio, wherein the breeding values are obtained by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method, and the calculation method is as follows: y isijklm＝μi+hyssij+lik+gil+aijklm+eijklmIn the formula: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight and in vivo backfat thickness, 3: 115kg eye muscle area, 4: 30-115kg material weight ratio), yijklmIs an observed value of growth performance of an individual, muiAs a total average, hyssijSex fixation effect in the year, at the time of birth, gilFor virtual genome fixation effects,/ikFor pit random effect, aijklmIs a random genetic effect of the individual, eijklmIs a random residual effect.
2. The method for selectively breeding the lean-type breeding pigs according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the S22 line is obtained by screening the Bd value comprehensive body type scores, and the calculation formula of the Bd value is as follows:
Bd＝100+SD′×[W1′×EBVADG′/SDADG′+W2′×EBVBF′/SDBF′+W3′×EBVLMA′/SDLMA′+W4′×EBVFCR′/SDFCR′]in the formula: SD', SDADG’、SDBF’、SDLMA’、SDFCR' is the standard deviation of the ratio of the total body weight, the daily gain of 30-115kg, the back fat of the living body with the weight of 115kg, the eye muscle area with the weight of 115kg and the material weight of 30-115kg respectively; w1’、W2’、W3’、W4' respectively, 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio; EBVADG’、EBVBF’、EBVLMA' and EBVFCR' the breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living backfat, 115kg body weight eye muscle area and 30-115kg material weight ratio are respectively obtained by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method, and the used models are as follows: y isijklm′＝μi′+hyssij′+lik′+gil′+aijklm′+eijklm', wherein: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight and in vivo backfat thickness, 3: 115kg eye muscle area, 4: 30-115kg material weight ratio), yijklm' As an observation of the growth Performance of an individual, mui' is the total average, hyssij' sex fixation effect in the year of birth, gil' is a virtual genome fixation effect,/[ik' is the pit random effect, aijklm' is a random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm' is a random residual effect.
3. The method for breeding lean type breeding pigs according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the W51 line is selected according to the Fc value and body type score, and the Fc value is calculated by the formula:
Figure FDA0002855566770000031
，
in the formula: y is1And Y2To an economic weight value, Y1＝0.55，Y2＝0.45；SD”、SDADG”、SDBF”、SDLMA”、SDTNB、SDHBN、SDLW21Respectively total weight, daily gain of 30-115kg, living backfat thickness of up to 115kg body weight, eye muscle area of up to 115kg body weight, total litter size of birth, healthy litter size of birth and standard deviation of 21-day-old litter weight; w1”、W2”、W3”、W5、W6、W7Respectively, the daily gain is 30-115kg, the living backfat of the body with the weight of 115kg, the eye muscle area of the body with the weight of 115kg, the total litter size of the product, the healthy litter size of the product and the litter size of 21 days old are obtained; EBVADG”、EBVBF”、EBVLMA”、EBVTNB、EBVHBN、EBVLW21Respectively the breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight, and estimating the characters by an animal model BLUP method to obtain the EBV-gene vaccine, wherein the EBV-gene vaccine is obtained by estimating the characters of the animal modelADG”、EBVBF"and EBVLMA"the estimation model is as follows: y isijklm″＝μi″+hyssij″+lik″+gil″+aijklm″+eijklm", wherein: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight and body fat thickness, 3: 115kg body weight and eye muscle area), yijklm"is an observed value of growth performance of an individual, μi"is the total average number, hyssij"the effect of sex fixation in the year, time of birth, gil"is a virtual genome fixation effect,"ik"is the pit random effect, aijklmIs a random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm"is a random residual effect; wherein EBVTNB、EBVHBNAnd EBVLW21The estimation model is as follows: y isijkl＝μi″′+hyspij+ljk+aijkl+pijkl+eijklIn the formula, yijklMu.l is the observed value of the ith trait (1: total litter size, 2: Jian litter size, 3: 21 day old litter weight)i"' is the total average number, hyspijFor the effect of fixing the number of births in the field of sow farrowing in the year, |jkIs the litter effect of the sow, aijklIs a random genetic effect of an individual, pijklFor permanent environmental effects on sows, eijklIs a random residual effect.
4. The method for breeding the lean-type breeding pig according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the W62 line is screened according to Fd value and body type score;
Figure FDA0002855566770000041
，
in the formula: y is1' and Y2' is an economic weight value, Y1’＝0.45，Y2’＝0.55；SD”’、SDADG”’、SDBF”’、SDLMA”’、SDTNB’、SDHBN’、SDLW21' Total, 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size produced, healthy litter size produced and 21 day old litter weight standard deviation respectively; w1”’、W2”’、W3”’、W5’、W6’、W7Respectively, the economic weighting values of 30-115kg daily gain, living backfat thickness of 115kg body weight, eye muscle area of 115kg body weight, total litter size of birth, healthy litter size of birth and 21-day-old litter weight; EBVADG”’、EBVBF”’、EBVLMA”’、EBVTNB’、EBVHBN’、EBVLW21Respectively obtaining the breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight by estimating characters by an animal model BLUP method, wherein EBV is obtainedADG”’、EBVBF"' and EBVLMAThe "' estimation model is as follows:
yijklm″′＝μi″″+hyssij″′+lik″′+gil″′+aijklm″′+eijklm", wherein: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight in vivo backfat thickness, 3: 115kg body weight eye muscle area), yijklm"' is an observation of individual growth performance, μi"is the total average number, hyssij"' is the effect of sex fixation in the year of birth, gil"' is the effect of virtual genome fixation,/ik"' is the pit random effect, aijklm"' is the random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm"' is the random residual effect; wherein EBVTNB’、EBVHBN' and EBVLW21The' estimation model is as follows:
yijkl′＝μi″″′+hyspij′+ljk′+aijkl′+pijkl′+eijkl', wherein yijkl"is the observed value of the ith trait (1 ═ total litter size, 2 ═ Jian litter size, 3 ═ 21 day old litter weight), and μi"" is the total average, hyspij' is the effect of fixing the number of births in the year of the sow during farrowing, |jk'is the litter effect of the sow's birth, aijkl' is a random genetic Effect of an individual, pijkl' is a permanent environmental effect of the sow, eijkl' is a random residual effect.
5. The method for breeding the lean-type breeding pig according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the W52 line is screened according to Fc2 value binding body type score; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002855566770000051
in the formula: y1 'and Y2' are economic weighted values, Y1”＝0.55，Y2”＝0.45；SD””、SDADG””、SDBF””、SDLMA””、SDTNB”、SDHBN”、SDLW21"total, 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living backfat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight standard deviation respectively; w1””、W2””、W3””、W5”、W6”、W7"respectively are the economic weighted values of 30-115kg daily gain, 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight; EBVADG””、EBVBF””、EBVLMA””、EBVTNB”、EBVHBN”、EBVLW21The breeding values of 30-115kg daily gain, up to 115kg body weight living back fat thickness, up to 115kg body weight eye muscle area, total litter size, healthy litter size and 21-day-old litter weight are obtained by estimating characters through an animal model BLUP method, wherein EBV isADG””、EBVBF"" and EBVLMAThe "estimation model is as follows:
yijklm″″＝μi″″″+hyssij″″+lik″″+gil″″+aijklm″″+eijklm", wherein: i is the ith trait (1: 30-115kg daily gain, 2: 115kg body weight in vivo backfat thickness, 3: 115kg body weight eye muscle area), yijklm"is an observed value of individual growth performance, mui"" is the total average number, hyssij"is the effect of sex fixation in the year of birth, gil"is the virtual genome fixation effect, lik"is the pit random effect, aijklm"" is the random genetic effect of an individual, eijklm"" is the random residual effect; wherein EBVTNB”、EBVHBN"and EBVLW21"the estimation model is as follows:
yijkl″＝μi″″″′+hyspij″+ljk″+aijkl″+pijkl″+eijkl", wherein yijkl"is the observed value of the ith trait (1: total litter size, 2: healthy litter size, 3: 21 day old litter weight), μi"" is the total average, hyspij"is the fixed effect of the annual fetal times in the farrowing period of the sow," is the fixed effect of the annual fetal times in the farrowing period of the sow "", andjk"is the litter effect of the sow at birth, aijkl"is a random genetic effect of an individual, pijkl"is a permanent environmental effect of the sow," eijkl"is the random residual effect.
6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-5 in the field of animal breeding.
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