CN111418550B - Breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pig raising, and particularly discloses a breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs, which adopts a population subculture breeding method combining opening and locking, establishes stable Dan-line Changbai pigs, Dabai pig basic groups and English-line Changbai pigs and Dabai pig basic groups through locking breeding, then carries out hybrid breeding to obtain a YX44 strain which has high live number and good reproductive performance and gives consideration to lean meat percentage and growth speed as a female parent and a YX55 strain which has high growth speed and high lean meat percentage and gives consideration to high live number as a male parent, constructs a high-yield breeding population, and obtains the high-yield breeding pigs. The high-yield breeding pigs bred by the method have high litter size and excellent reproductive performance, have the superior characteristics of high growth speed and high lean meat percentage, and are simple and efficient in hybrid mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pig raising, and particularly relates to a breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs.
Background
Among a plurality of factors influencing pig production, the key factor is the variety, and the maximum yield and economic benefit can be obtained under the same feeding management condition only by the variety with excellent performance. A large number of breeding pigs are introduced from foreign countries every year in China, but due to the fact that heavy introduction and light breeding are carried out, the breeding work of the pigs is not in place on the whole, the breeding system is imperfect, the genetic level of the pig group is lowered year by year, finally the breeding pig group has to be eliminated, a large number of breeding pigs are introduced again, and the situation falls into the vicious circle of introduction, maintenance, degeneration and re-introduction. And the selection of the breeding pigs with excellent performance can obviously improve the quantity and the quality of offspring, reduce the production cost and optimize the industrial structure. The method has the advantages that the boars with high litter size and excellent reproductive performance are cultivated, the lean meat percentage and the growth speed are improved, the requirements of pork consumption markets on the quantity and the quality are met, and the method has very important significance for promoting agricultural efficiency improvement and increasing the income of farmers.
The method is a closed group subculture breeding method which is commonly used in the pig breeding practice in China at present and adopts the principle that a plurality of stock systems of basic groups are selected and collected, then the stock groups are closed, and the stock selection and matching are carried out in the closed group according to the production performance, physical appearance and stock system source. The defects are that the scale is small, the original selection strength cannot be achieved, and the selection progress of each generation is reduced; a large amount of breeding pigs need to be replaced every year, the core group of the breeding pigs is required to be large, and the cost is high; and practice proves that the genetic basis is narrow, and the long-term closure easily causes the breeding progress of generations before inbreeding degeneration and then weakens.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs, which can cultivate breeding pigs with high litter size and excellent reproductive performance and improve the lean meat percentage and the growth speed.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs, which adopts a group successive breeding method combining opening and locking to carry out breeding and selective breeding to establish high-yield breeding groups; carrying out genetic evaluation on the boars based on a multi-character BLUP method, calculating a comprehensive selection index, and selecting the boars according to the body shape and the health condition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) optimizing and purifying by small-group locked breeding, and respectively establishing a Dan-series Changbai pig basic group, a Dan-series big Bai pig basic group, an English-series Changbai pig basic group and an English-series big Bai pig basic group;
(2) the breeding core group of the strain YX44 is bred by taking English-line Changbai pigs as male parents and Dan-line Changbai pigs as female parents, the reproductive performance of the number born alive and the number of days between weaning and reassortment is mainly improved in generation breeding, and the lean meat percentage and the growth speed are considered;
(3) the breeding core group of the strain YX55 is bred by taking English line big white pigs as male parents and Dan line big white pigs as female parents, the growth speed and the lean meat percentage are mainly improved in generation breeding, and the number born alive is considered;
(4) the strain YX44 is used as a female parent, YX55 is used as a male parent to establish a high-yield breeding group, and the high-yield breeding group boars and sows are selectively bred to obtain high-yield boars.
Preferably, in the breeding method of the high-yield breeding pig, in the step (2), the breeding measures for improving the number of live piglets, the reproductive performance of days between weaning and reassortment and considering the lean meat percentage and the growth speed in the breeding of the strain YX44 generation mainly include:
A1. selecting and reserving for the first time from the birth to the weaning stage, selecting white hair of the whole body, firm physique and solid limbs, arranging more than 7 effective nipples of the sow in order, and selecting large and symmetrical testis of the boar without cryptorchidism and monorchidism, eliminating individuals with genetic diseases and historical littermates with genetic diseases, and eliminating piglets with low birth weight;
A2. selecting pigs with thin living body backfat and high growth speed for the second time of six months of age, eliminating pigs with slow growth speed, dysplasia and defects, and measuring 100kg of day age and backfat thickness;
A3. selection of mating farrowing stage: the sows with the age of more than 9 months or without oestrus signs and with too few litter sizes after 2 months of delivery are eliminated, the boars have low sexual desire and poor semen quality, the matched sows are eliminated with less litter sizes, the litter sizes of the rest individuals and the days between weaning and re-matching are determined, comprehensive selection indexes are formulated for sorting, the selection is carried out from high to low, the boars are controlled to have a seed reserving rate within 5%, and the sows are controlled to have a seed reserving rate within 25-35%.
Preferably, in the breeding method of the high-yield breeding pig, in the step (3), the breeding measures for mainly improving the growth speed and the lean meat percentage and considering the number born alive in the breeding of the strain YX55 generation mainly comprise:
B1. selecting white fur of the whole body, wide shoulders, wide backs, flat backs and straight waists, more than 7 pairs of effective nipples of sows, orderly arrangement, large and symmetrical testis of boars, no cryptorchidism and single testis, eliminating individuals with genetic diseases and historical littermates with genetic diseases, and eliminating piglets with low birth weight;
B2. selecting pigs with fast growth, normal reproductive organ development, health, no disease, strong constitution, and elimination of dysplasia, light weight, and body defect;
B3. selecting and reserving for the third time at the age of six months, measuring the age of 100kg day and the back fat thickness, making a comprehensive selection index, sequencing, and selecting and reserving from high to low;
B4. and (3) breeding to a head fetus farrowing stage selection: selecting and reserving sows with high live farrowing number, eliminating sows with more than 9 months of age or 2 months after delivery without oestrus signs and with few farrowing numbers, eliminating boars with low sexual desire and poor semen quality, and eliminating matched sows with few farrowing, wherein the boar seed reserving rate is controlled within 5 percent, and the sow seed reserving rate is controlled within 25-35 percent.
Preferably, in the breeding method of the high-yield boar, in the step (4), the selection measures are to intensively and optimally match the first 15% of sows and the first 5% of boars with the highest litter size breeding value with the best farrowing rate.
Preferably, in the breeding method of the high-yield breeding pig, the breeding core group of the strain YX44 and the strain YX55 is bred through more than 4 generations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a group successive breeding method combining opening and locking, firstly establishes a stable Dan-line basic group and an English-line basic group through locking breeding, then breeds a strain with high live number, good reproductive performance and both lean meat rate and growth speed as a female parent and breeds a strain with high growth speed and high lean meat rate and both live number as a male parent to establish a high-yield breeding group, thereby obtaining the breeding pig with high yield, excellent reproductive performance, and the breeding pig has the superior characteristics of high growth speed and high lean meat rate, has simple and efficient hybridization mode and obvious hybridization advantages, improves the breeding capacity of the pig breeding industry and meets the market consumption demand.
2. The breeding method of the high-yield boar has the advantages that the obtained high-yield boar has high litter size and good reproductive performance, the litter size reaches 14.15, and the live number reaches 13.57. Commercial pigs produced by high-yield breeding pigs have the advantages of high growth speed, high feed conversion rate, high lean meat percentage, excellent meat quality and the like, are orderly in groups, and have high comprehensive benefits.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs adopts a group successive transfer breeding method combining opening and locking to carry out breeding and selective breeding, and high-yield breeding populations are established; carrying out genetic evaluation on the boars based on a multi-character BLUP method, calculating a comprehensive selection index, and selecting the boars according to the body shape and the health condition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) optimizing and purifying by small-group locked breeding, and respectively establishing a Dan-series Changbai pig basic group, a Dan-series big Bai pig basic group, an English-series Changbai pig basic group and an English-series big Bai pig basic group; through systematic breeding, the overall production performance of the basic group is superior, and the genetic basis is good;
(2) breeding a strain YX44 breeding core group by taking English-line Changbai pigs as male parents and Dan-line Changbai pigs as female parents; line YX44 breeding goal: the reproductive performance such as the number born alive, the days between weaning and reassembling and the like are selected in a key way, and the lean meat percentage and the growth speed are considered; wherein the lean meat percentage takes the backfat thickness of 100kg body weight as an evaluation index, and the growth speed takes the day age of 100kg as the evaluation index; the breeding measures comprise:
A1. the first selection is carried out when weaning is carried out for one month, white hair of the whole body is selected, the constitution is firm, the four limbs are solid, the effective nipples of the sows are more than 7 pairs and are arranged orderly, the testicles of the boars are large and symmetrical, and the pigs have no cryptorchidism and single testis, so that individuals with genetic diseases and historical littermates with the genetic diseases are eliminated, and piglets with low birth weight are eliminated;
A2. selecting pigs with thin living body backfat and high growth speed for the second time of six months of age, eliminating pigs with slow growth speed, dysplasia and defects, and measuring the backfat thickness to 100kg day of age;
A3. selection of mating farrowing stage: the method comprises the following steps of eliminating sows which are 9 months old or 2 months old after delivery and have no oestrus signs and little litter size, eliminating boars with low libido and poor semen quality, eliminating the matched sows with little litter size, measuring the litter size of the rest individuals, determining the days between weaning and re-matching, formulating comprehensive selection indexes for sorting, and selecting and reserving from high to low, wherein the boar seed reserving rate is controlled within 5 percent, and the sows are controlled to be 25-35 percent; the selection index calculation formula is as follows: i is1100+ [ -2.5000 [ (-target weight day age-mean value)]+ [ -10.2000 (backfat thickness-mean)]+34.3000 (total litter-mean) + [ -1 (weaning to reconstitution interval days-mean)]；
(3) The breeding core group of the strain YX55 is bred by taking English line big white pigs as male parents and Dan line big white pigs as female parents, and the breeding target of the strain YX44 is as follows: the growth speed and the lean meat percentage are improved in key points, and the number born alive is considered; the breeding measures mainly comprise:
B1. selecting white fur of the whole body, wide shoulders, wide backs, flat backs and straight waists, more than 7 pairs of effective nipples of sows, orderly arrangement, large and symmetrical testis of boars, no cryptorchidism and single testis, eliminating individuals with genetic diseases and historical littermates with genetic diseases, and eliminating piglets with low birth weight;
B2. selecting pigs with fast growth, normal reproductive organ development, health, no disease, strong constitution, and elimination of dysplasia, light weight, and body defect;
B3. selecting and reserving for the third time at the age of six months, measuring the age of 100kg day and the back fat thickness, making a comprehensive selection index, sequencing, and selecting and reserving from high to low; the selection index formula is: i is2100+ [ -3.6200 [ (-target weight day age-mean value)]+ [ -14.7000 (backfat thickness-mean)]；
B4. And (3) breeding to a head fetus farrowing stage selection: selecting and reserving sows with high live farrowing number, eliminating sows with more than 9 months of age or 2 months after delivery without oestrus signs and with few farrowing numbers, eliminating boars with low sexual desire and poor semen quality, and eliminating matched sows with few farrowing, wherein the boar seed reservation rate is controlled within 5 percent, and the sow seed reservation rate is controlled within 25-35 percent;
(4) the strain YX44 is used as a female parent, YX55 is used as a male parent to establish a high-yield breeding population, the first 15 percent of sows and the first 5 percent of boars with the highest litter size breeding value are intensively and optimally matched with high-quality piglets, and the piglets are bred to obtain high-yield boars.
Application example
Firstly establishing a basic group of Dan-series Changbai pigs and Dan-series Dabai pigs, a basic group of English-series Changbai pigs and English-series Dabai pigs, carrying out strain matching and screening parent matching combination by using English-series Changbai and English-series Dabai as male parents and Dan-series Changbai pigs and Dan-series Dabai as female parents to complete the measurement of combining ability, aiming at screening parent strains with high-yield genes to obtain strains YX44 and YX55, carrying out the performance measurement of each strain for generation breeding, wherein the growth performance measurement data of 1-5 generations of YX44 sows and boars are shown in tables 1 and 2, and the growth performance measurement data of 1-5 generations of YX55 sows and boars are shown in tables 3 and 4.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, through the five generations of breeding YX44 series female pigs and male pigs, the 100kg days of age are respectively reduced by 5.3 days and 5.0 days, the 100kg backfat thickness is respectively reduced by 0.6mm and 0.5mm, and the material weight ratio is respectively reduced by 0.136 and 0.194. As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, through the five generations of breeding YX55 series female pigs and male pigs, the 100kg days of age are respectively reduced by 6.2 days and 6.9 days, the 100kg backfat thickness is respectively reduced by 0.7mm and 0.8mm, and the material weight ratio is respectively reduced by 0.111 and 0.330. The growth performance of the bred pigs is improved after generation, and the performance is basically stable in the 5 th generation.
TABLE 1 growth Performance test data for the strain YX44 sow
TABLE 2 growth Performance test data for the YX44 line boar
TABLE 3 growth Performance test data of the strain YX55 sow
TABLE 4 growth Performance test data for the YX55 line boar
Tables 5 and 6 show the reproductive performance of 1-5 generations of YX44 and YX55 sows, and from table 5, it can be seen that through 5 generations of breeding, the total litter size of YX44 sows is increased by 0.50, the number of live piglets is increased by 0.29, the weight of 21-day-old weaned litter is increased by 1.51kg, the number of days between weaning and reconstitution is shortened by 0.84 days, the total litter size of YX55 sows is increased by 0.29, the number of live piglets is increased by 0.15, the weight of 21-day-old litter is increased by 1.65kg, the number of days between weaning and reconstitution is shortened by 0.89 days, and the reproductive performance is improved.
TABLE 5 reproductive performance test data of YX44 line sow
TABLE 6 reproductive performance test data of YX55 line sow
Orthogonal and inverse cross hybridization tests are carried out on the YX44 line and the YX55 line, breeding pigs YX54 are obtained by selecting YX44 as a female parent and YX55 as a male parent, breeding pigs YX45 are obtained by selecting YX44 as a male parent and YX55 as a female parent and are used as a comparison, and the reproductive performance of the breeding pigs YX54 and the breeding pigs YX45 are measured, and the results are shown in Table 7. From table 7, it can be seen that the litter size of the breeding pig YX54 reaches 14.15, the number of live pigs is 13.57, the live pig rate is 95.9%, and the reproductive performance is significantly higher than that of the comparative breeding pig YX45, indicating that the high-yield breeding pig YX54 of the invention has high-yield litter size, high live pig rate and excellent reproductive performance.
TABLE 7 reproductive performance of YX54 and YX45
Commercial pork pigs were produced from the high-yield pig YX54, and the growth performance and meat quality (drip loss, flesh color and marbling) of the commercial pork pigs were measured for a total of 98 pigs, and the results are shown in Table 8. From the table, the commercial pork pig produced by the high-yield pig YX54 has the weight of 100kg and the average age per day of 150.52 days, the daily gain of 30-100 kg is 1004.6g, the average lean meat percentage of the commercial pork pig reaches 66.5%, the meat quality character is good, and the character is superior to that of the commercial pig produced by the comparison pig YX 45. The commercial pig produced by the high-yield breeding pig has excellent growth performance, and has the advantages of high growth speed, high feed conversion rate, high lean meat rate, good consistency, excellent meat quality and the like.
Table 8 growth Performance and meat quality of commercial pork pigs
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs is characterized in that a population subculture breeding method combining opening and locking is adopted for breeding and matching to establish a high-yield breeding population; carrying out genetic evaluation on the boars based on a multi-character BLUP method, calculating a comprehensive selection index, and selecting the boars according to the body shape and the health condition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) optimizing and purifying by small-group locked breeding, and respectively establishing a Dan-series Changbai pig basic group, a Dan-series big Bai pig basic group, an English-series Changbai pig basic group and an English-series big Bai pig basic group;
(2) the breeding core group of the strain YX44 is bred by taking English-line Changbai pigs as male parents and Dan-line Changbai pigs as female parents, the reproductive performance of the number born alive and the number of days between weaning and reassortment is mainly improved in generation breeding, and the lean meat percentage and the growth speed are considered;
(3) the breeding core group of the strain YX55 is bred by taking English line big white pigs as male parents and Dan line big white pigs as female parents, the growth speed and the lean meat percentage are mainly improved in generation breeding, and the number born alive is considered;
(4) the strain YX44 is used as a female parent, YX55 is used as a male parent to establish a high-yield breeding group, and the high-yield breeding group boars and sows are selectively bred to obtain farrowing, wherein the selective breeding measures are to intensively and optimally breed the first 15 percent of sows and the first 5 percent of boars with the highest farrowing value; breeding piglets to obtain high-yield boars;
in the step (2), the breeding measures for improving the number born alive, the reproductive performance of days between weaning and reassembling, and considering the lean meat percentage and the growth speed in the generation breeding of the strain YX44 mainly comprise:
A1. selecting and reserving for the first time from the birth to the weaning stage, selecting white hair of the whole body, firm physique and solid limbs, arranging more than 7 effective nipples of the sow in order, and selecting large and symmetrical testis of the boar without cryptorchidism and monorchidism, eliminating individuals with genetic diseases and historical littermates with genetic diseases, and eliminating piglets with low birth weight;
A2. selecting pigs with thin living body backfat and high growth speed for the second time of six months of age, eliminating pigs with slow growth speed, dysplasia and defects, and measuring 100kg of day age and backfat thickness;
A3. selection of mating farrowing stage: the method comprises the following steps of eliminating sows with the age of more than 9 months or without oestrus signs and with too few farrowing numbers in 2 months after delivery, eliminating boars with low sexual desire, poor semen quality and few farrowing of the matched sows, measuring the farrowing numbers of the rest individuals and the days between weaning and re-matching, formulating comprehensive selection indexes for sorting, and selecting and reserving from high to low, wherein the boar control reserving rate is within 5 percent, the sow control reserving rate is 25-35 percent, and the selection index calculation formula is as follows: i is1=100+ [ -2.5000 (target weight day age-mean)]+ [ -10.2000 (backfat thickness-mean)]+34.3000 (litter size-mean) + [ -1 (days between weaning and reconstitution-mean)]；
In the step (3), the breeding measures for mainly improving the growth speed and the lean meat percentage and considering the number born alive in the generation breeding of the strain YX55 mainly comprise the following steps:
B1. selecting white fur of the whole body, wide shoulders, wide backs, flat backs and straight waists, more than 7 pairs of effective nipples of sows, orderly arrangement, large and symmetrical testis of boars, no cryptorchidism and single testis, eliminating individuals with genetic diseases and historical littermates with genetic diseases, and eliminating piglets with low birth weight;
B2. selecting pigs with fast growth, normal reproductive organ development, health, no disease, strong constitution, and elimination of dysplasia, light weight, and body defect;
B3. selecting and reserving for the third time at the six months of age, measuring the day age of 100kg and the back fat thickness, making a comprehensive selection index and sequencing, and selecting and reserving from high to low, wherein the selection index is calculated by the following formula: i is2=100+ [ -3.6200 (target weight day age-mean)]+ [ -14.7000 (backfat thickness-mean)]；
B4. And (3) breeding to a head fetus farrowing stage selection: selecting and reserving sows with high live farrowing number, eliminating sows with more than 9 months of age or 2 months after delivery without oestrus signs and with few farrowing numbers, eliminating boars with low sexual desire and poor semen quality, and eliminating matched sows with few farrowing, wherein the boar seed reservation rate is controlled within 5 percent, and the sow seed reservation rate is controlled within 25-35 percent;
the strain YX44 and the strain YX55 breeding core group are bred through more than 4 generations.
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| CN113921087B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-10-04 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Calculation method for predicted conception rate of boars and application |
| CN113973774A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 河南银发牧业有限公司 | Breeding method for breeding pigs with high speed and high fertility |
| CN114931127B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-12 | 广东中芯种业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for genome of boar |
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| CN100369544C (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2008-02-20 | 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for raising new strain of lean meat type Huai pigs |
| WO2009063512A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-22 | Giuseppe Bartolucci | Multistep process for the establishment of hybrids of livestock animals |
| CN102106296B (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2013-04-10 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for cultivating novel Dingyuan pig breed |
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