CN114698586B

CN114698586B - Method for breeding chicks

Info

Publication number: CN114698586B
Application number: CN202210105652.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂庆华; 吴瑞权; 徐海平; 李祥; 冯春凌; 徐翌斌; 郭利金; 张思雨; 黄育林
Original assignee: Guangdong Guanfeng Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Co ltd; South China Agricultural University
Current assignee: Guangdong Guanfeng Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Co ltd; South China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-01-28
Filing date: 2022-01-28
Publication date: 2022-11-11
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-28
Also published as: CN114698586A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing seeds of chicks, belonging to the field of poultry breeding. The invention relates to a method for cross breeding of a commercial generation small white feather broiler of an ABCD line by taking a Kebao parent generation chicken AB line as a terminal male parent and a Saxon parent generation CD line as a terminal female parent, which is named as S21. The small white feather broiler chicken with high growth speed, good disease resistance, low feed ratio, excellent slaughtering performance and delicious meat is cultivated, and the gender of the primary commercial chicken can be distinguished through fast and slow feathers, so that technical support is provided for meeting market demands, improving market competitiveness and optimizing production performance indexes.

Description

Method for breeding chicks

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of poultry breeding, in particular to a method for producing seeds of a white chick S21.

Background

The small white chicken is a local small-sized broiler variety which is unique in China, is also called as 'small meat hybrid', is generally hybridized by a parental cock and a commercial generation laying hen of a large white feather broiler, and has the characteristics of high growth speed, short feeding period and better meat quality and flavor. With the issuance of relevant laws and regulations prohibiting live poultry trade and slaughter, poultry meat is mainly in the way of coming into the market in icy fresh, and the white chickens have more and more shares in the icy fresh market due to the advantages of ketone body appearance, meat quality, flavor and the like. However, the problems of unknown genetic diseases, vertical spread of diseases and poor disease resistance of commercial white chickens are caused by unscientific hybridization of varieties, poor breeding management level of parental breeding chickens and other factors in the production process of white chickens on the market at present, and in addition, the market price of the poultry industry is low at present, and most enterprises and individual households for producing white chickens on the market are in a loss state in the production and operation processes at present.

In view of the above, there is a need to solve the above problems, and in addition, in terms of evaluating important indexes of high-quality chicken production performance, such as growth rate, feed-meat ratio, feeding period and slaughter rate, optimization and improvement are also needed to breed white chickens with high growth rate and meat quality and flavor to meet the market demand.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a seed production method of a small white chicken S21, which solves the problems in the prior art, and the method cultivates a small white feather broiler chicken which has the advantages of high growth speed, good disease resistance, low feed ratio, excellent slaughter performance and delicious meat quality, and can distinguish the sex of the first generation commercial chicken through fast and slow feathers.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a method for producing seeds of a chicken S21, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) carrying out hybridization culture on the commercial generation small white feather broiler of the ABCD line by taking the Kebao parental generation chicken AB line as a terminal male parent and taking the Sasox parental generation CD line as a terminal female parent, and naming the small white feather broiler as S21.

Preferably, the grandparent A line of the Kebao white feather broiler obtained by four-line matched hybridization is hybridized with the B line, and the grandparent C line and the D line of the Saso broiler, and the offspring generated by the hybridization are respectively AB line of the Kebao parent chicken and CD line of the Saso parent chicken.

Preferably, the AB line cock of the Kebao parent chicken is a Kebao white feather broiler with white feather, long feet, yellow shin and red crown;

the CD strain hens of the Saso parental generation are the Sao broilers with red feathers, short feet, yellow shins and red crowns.

Preferably, the method also comprises breeding parental breeding hens and disease purification.

Preferably, the parental breeding comprises parental CD line female parent weight and reproductive performance breeding, and parental AB line male parent weight, appearance character and semen quality breeding.

Preferably, the disease decontamination comprises parental generation avian leukemia and salmonella decontamination.

Preferably, the method further comprises the step of artificially collecting the sperm of the cock of the AB line species of the parent generation of Kebao, and the collected sperm of the cock is subjected to artificial insemination on the CD line species of the parent generation of Saxong according to the artificial insemination ratio of the cock to the hen being 1.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

according to the invention, by analyzing the breeding order and the mating line crossbreeding principle (ABCD line), kebao white feather broilers and Saso broilers are respectively selected as a paternal line and a maternal line; introducing parent breeding cocks (AB line) and parent breeding hens (CD line) of Kebao white feather broilers for feeding management by introducing seeds; breeding parent breeding hens and purifying diseases; crossbreeding the bred qualified parental breeding hens to obtain commercial generation ABCD line small white feather broilers; the productivity, slaughter performance and meat quality and flavor of commercial broiler chickens are measured, and the results show that: two small commercial generation ABCD small white feather broilers, namely S21, which are obtained by breeding and breeding of matched lines, have the advantages of high growth speed, good disease resistance, low material ratio, excellent slaughter performance and delicious meat quality, can distinguish male and female through fast and slow feather identification, wherein the male is slow feather, the female is fast feather, and the body appearance characteristics of the small white feather broilers are small in body size, wide in chest and wide in back, white feather of the whole body, red crown, yellow shin and the like. The invention provides technical support for meeting market demands, improving market competitiveness and optimizing production performance indexes.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of four lines of mating hybridization according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows the AB family Kebao parental generation cock (A) and the CD family Saxou parental generation SA51A (B);

FIG. 3 shows a hen (A) and a cock (B) of the 35-day-old S21 variety of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a comparison of slaughter appearances of S21 broiler chickens of the present invention and 817 breeds with the largest stock quantity on the market; the left side is S21, and the right side is 817;

FIG. 5 shows the chest type scoring criteria of the Cork cock of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The Kebao white feather broiler chicken used in the invention is the most popular white feather broiler chicken variety in Asia at present, is derived from the United states, has the characteristics of large size, deep chest, wide back, white feather of the whole body, moderate size of chicken head, independent single crown, bright red coronal beard, orange yellow iridescence and high and thick feet, and has the characteristics of high growth speed, good uniformity, plump muscles and delicious meat quality, so that the Kebao white feather broiler chicken can be used as a matched line to cultivate the father line of a new variety of small white chickens.

The France Saso broiler SA51A is a short, small, grain-saving and excellent broiler chicken containing recessive character genes, and after mating with a parent cock of Kebao, not only can high-quality commercial broilers with the same feather and growth speed as the parent cock be obtained, but also the young broilers can identify sexes through fast and slow feathers, so that the France Saso broiler SA51A can be used as a matched line to cultivate a maternal line of a new variety of young white chickens.

By combining the breeding purpose of the invention and by investigating and analyzing the existing germplasm resources, the Kebao white feather broilers and the Saso broilers are respectively used as a paternal line and a maternal line to carry out mating line cross breeding. Then, the principle of the matched line of Kebao white feather broilers and Saso broilers is combined, and the breeding technical route of the invention is determined to be the four-line matched hybridization principle (shown in figure 1): in the four-line matched hybridization, the pure line can be divided into four lines A, B, C and D, and the great ancestor generations of the four lines A, B, C and D can be respectively obtained through the line internal self-reproduction; the great ancestors of the four strains are self-propagated in the strains to respectively obtain A, B, C and D ancestors; the ancestors can be divided into father line A (male), B (female), mother line C (male), D (female). The filial generation of the grandparent chicken is divided into a single cross AB line (male) and a single cross CD line (female). Filial generation generated after the male parent AB line cock (shown as A in figure 2) and the female CD line cock (shown as B in figure 2) are crossed is four-line matching hybrid ABCD line commercial generation broiler chicken. The commercial generation broiler chicken can fully exert excellent meat production performance, and is the purpose of the whole four-line matched breeding, while the commercial generation broiler chicken can not be used for further breeding.

Example 1 seed production method of chicken S21

1. Test method

(1) The breeding of pure lines, once ancestors and grandparents of Kebao white feather broilers and Saso broilers are bred and bred in foreign breeding bases, some domestic companies introduce the grandparents of Kebao white feather broilers and Sao broilers, beijing Dafeng poultry breeding company breeds Kebao male chickens of AB lines and Sao parent chickens of CD lines.

(2) A commercial generation small white feather broiler of an ABCD line is cultivated by taking a Kebao parent AB line cock with white feather, long foot, yellow shin and red crown as a terminal male parent and taking a Saso parent CD line hen (SA 51A) with red feather, short foot, yellow shin and red crown as a terminal female parent, and is named as S21.

(3) Breaking beaks of AB line breeding cocks of Kebao parent generation and CD line breeding hens of Saxong parent generation in a brooding period, weighing all groups of individuals in a brooding period, feeding the individuals in groups, performing individual weight sampling according to the probability of 3% of all groups every week, calculating a value of 110% of average weight and a value of 90% of average weight, dividing the number of the chickens between 110% of average weight and 90% of average weight by the total number of the chickens, calculating group uniformity, and eliminating individuals with large weight difference.

(4) Before the hens of the CD strain of the Soxhlet parent are laid (21 weeks), the laying day age, the laying weight and the laying egg weight are recorded. The qualified egg laying hens have wide, deep and short heads, short and thick beaks, slight bending and big eyes with spirit. Small size, tight feather, compact posture structure, large and soft abdomen, and loose skin. The distance between the pubis and the tail end of the sternum can be held one palm, the distance between the pubis is wide, 3-4 fingers can be put down, the anus is oblate and large and moist, the initial yield weight of the anus is larger than 1540g, and individuals with unqualified body weight, body shape appearance and reproductive performance are eliminated.

(5) The laying day age of a CD-family treasure cock is 30 weeks, the laying weight of the cock is required to be 3970 g-4400 g, the selection of the breast type of the breast cock is the key point in the body shape and appearance, as shown in figure 5, the breast type of the breeding cock is generally selected within the range of 2.5-3 minutes, and therefore, cocks with unqualified body weight and poor neck, foot, pectoral muscle, anal color, body weight, feather and the like are eliminated; in addition, dead, non-sperm and weak sperm cock individuals are eliminated through sperm quality determination.

(6) The A, B, C and D series chickens in the invention are subjected to chicken leukemia and salmonella detection in the cultivated ancestry field, and are mainly detected by an avian leukemia virus (ELISA) detection kit and chicken white diarrhea plate agglutination test antigens. The detection antigen is named as 'pullorum disease chicken typhoid polyvalent staining flat plate agglutination test antigen' produced by Beijing Haishia Mediterranean animal health technology company, a whole blood flat plate agglutination test is adopted, 1 drop of antigen is vertically dropped on a white porcelain plate by a dropping bottle, then a chicken wing vein is punctured by a needle, 1 metal ring blood is taken and evenly mixed with the antigen and smeared on a liquid level with the diameter of about 2 cm, the result is observed within 2 minutes, and the person with a large amount of dark blue agglutinants is positive. And (3) carrying out first group quarantine on parent chicken groups between 140 and 160 days, and if the positive rate exceeds 0.3 percent, carrying out group quarantine once every 45 days. If the positive rate is lower than 0.3%, performing spot inspection once per month, wherein the number of spot inspections is not less than 700, and if more than 2 positive chickens are subjected to spot inspection, performing general inspection on the whole group. The breeding cock is subjected to general detection every time.

(7) According to a conventional artificial insemination scheme, the artificial insemination ratio between a cock and a hen is 1.

2. Results and analysis

(1) As shown in fig. 3, two commercial generation ABCD small white feather broilers obtained by breeding and propagation in a matched line, referred to as S21 for short, can identify male and female through fast and slow feather identification, wherein the male is slow feather, the female is fast feather, and the physical and physical appearance characteristics of the small white feather broilers are small in size, wide in chest, wide in back, white feather of whole body, red crown, yellow shin and the like.

(2) The method comprises the following steps of sampling and weighing 11 batches of S21 small white feather broilers with 18 ten thousand feathers in total by week age, counting the weekly weight gain and the material consumption, calculating the material-to-weight ratio, and comparing the production standards of the other two small white feather broilers 817 and 909 with the largest market stock-keeping quantity with the production standards, wherein the results are shown in the following lists 1-3:

TABLE 1 S21 analysis of production Properties

TABLE 2 817 production Standard

TABLE 3 production Standard

As shown in the results in Table 1, the weight of S21 at 42 days can be increased to about 1760g, the feed-meat ratio is about 1.46, and compared with the standard data of two kinds of chicken breeds 817 and 909 on the market, the feed consumed in the S21 growing process is more than that of the other two breeds, but the S21 has better growth speed and feed-meat ratio than the two breeds. S21, the weight of the individual is 2-3g when the individual is taken out of the shell, the average weight of the individual is at least 150g when the individual is six weeks old, and the feed-meat ratio of the individual is at least about 0.1-0.2 lower than that of other varieties. From the requirements of the current market on the white chickens and the conditions of the white chickens, S21 meets the marketing condition at the age of about 40 days, so that the S21 has the advantages of high growth speed, low feed-meat ratio and short marketing age.

(3) For comparison with the slaughter performance and carcass appearance of other breeds, the slaughter performance measurements were carried out on both the S21 broilers and the largest commercial quantity 817 breeds according to slaughterhouse standards.

As shown in fig. 4, compared with the appearance of the carcass, the breast angle of S21 is wider, the breast, back and leg muscles are more mellow, and the body shape is closer to that of white feather broilers; second, S21 has yellowish skin and finer pores. S21 is higher than 817 in dressing percentage, half-bore rate and full-bore rate, thus showing that the meat yield of the S21 broiler chicken is higher (see Table 4).

TABLE 4 S21 slaughter Performance analysis

(4) In order to identify the meat quality and flavor of S21, the slaughtered S21 broiler chicken and 817 broiler chicken are specially subjected to multiple processing cooking, then the predation comparison is carried out, and the comparison shows that the muscle fibers of the S21 broiler chicken are thinner, the meat quality is tender and smooth, the fat permeates among the muscle fibers, and the meat is fragrant but not greasy and has good taste in the predation process. In addition, some customers who procure S21 broilers to make roast chickens mention in the feedback that S21 is excellent in both taste and flavor. Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn that the S21 broiler chicken has competitive advantages no matter whether the broiler chicken is used for making braised chicken, roasted chicken, smoked chicken and the like.

The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seed production method of a white chick S21 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a commercial generation small white feather broiler of an ABCD line is bred by taking AB line breeder cocks of Kebao parent generation chickens with white feather, long feet, yellow shins and red crowns as terminal male parents and taking Sasoo parent generation CD line breeder hens with red feather, short feet, yellow shins and red crowns as terminal female parents in a hybrid way, and is named as S21.

2. The method for producing the young white chicken S21 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the A line of the grand broiler grand generation of Kebao white feather broiler obtained from the four-line mating hybridization is hybridized with the B line, and the C line and the D line of the Suo broiler grand generation are hybridized, and the offspring respectively produced are AB line of Kebao parent chicken and CD line of Suo parent chicken.

3. The method for producing young white chicken S21 as claimed in claim 1, further comprising breeding parental generation chickens and disease purification.

4. The method for producing the young white chickens S21 as claimed in claim 3, wherein the breeding of the breeding hens in the parent generation comprises breeding of the parent CD line and the reproductive performance of the parent CD line, and breeding of the parent AB line and the male parent weight, the appearance character and the semen quality of the parent AB line.

5. The method for producing chick S21 according to claim 3 wherein said disease decontamination comprises parental generation chick leukemia and Salmonella decontamination.

6. The method for producing young white chickens S21 according to claim 1, further comprising the step of artificially collecting sperm of the Kebao parent AB line male chickens, and the step of artificially inseminating the collected sperm of the male chickens to the Saco parent CD line female parents according to the artificial insemination ratio of the male chickens to the female chickens being 1.