CN114698586A - Method for breeding chicks - Google Patents
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- CN114698586A CN114698586A CN202210105652.6A CN202210105652A CN114698586A CN 114698586 A CN114698586 A CN 114698586A CN 202210105652 A CN202210105652 A CN 202210105652A CN 114698586 A CN114698586 A CN 114698586A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing seeds of a chicken, belonging to the field of poultry breeding. The invention relates to a commercial generation small white feather broiler with an ABCD line, which is bred by taking a Kebao parental generation chicken AB line as a terminal male parent and a Sasox parental generation CD line as a terminal female parent in a hybridization way, and is named as S21. The small white feather broiler chicken with high growth speed, good disease resistance, low feed ratio, excellent slaughtering performance and delicious meat is cultivated, and the gender of the primary commercial chicken can be distinguished through fast and slow feathers, so that technical support is provided for meeting market demands, improving market competitiveness and optimizing production performance indexes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of poultry breeding, in particular to a method for producing seeds of a white chick S21.
Background
The small white chicken is a local small-sized broiler variety which is unique in China, is also called as 'small meat hybrid', is generally hybridized by a parental cock and a commercial generation laying hen of a large white feather broiler, and has the characteristics of high growth speed, short feeding period and better meat quality and flavor. With the issuance of relevant laws and regulations prohibiting live poultry trade and slaughter, poultry meat is mainly in the way of coming into the market in icy fresh, and the white chickens have more and more shares in the icy fresh market due to the advantages of ketone body appearance, meat quality, flavor and the like. However, in the production process of the current white chicken on the market, the problems of unknown genetic diseases, vertically propagated diseases and poor disease resistance of commercial white chicken are caused by unscientific hybridization of varieties, poor feeding and management level of parental breeding chickens and other factors, and in addition, the market quotation of the current poultry industry is low, and most enterprises and individual households producing the white chicken on the market are in a loss state in the production and management processes.
In view of the above, there is a need to solve the above problems, and in addition, in terms of evaluating important indexes of high-quality chicken production performance, such as growth rate, feed-meat ratio, feeding period and slaughter rate, optimization and improvement are also needed to breed white chickens with high growth rate and meat quality and flavor to meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seed production method of a small white chicken S21, which solves the problems in the prior art, and the method cultivates a small white feather broiler with high growth speed, good disease resistance, low feed ratio, excellent slaughter performance and delicious meat, and can distinguish the gender of the primary generation commercial chicken through fast and slow feathers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for producing seeds of a chicken S21, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out hybridization culture on the commercial generation small white feather broiler of the ABCD line by taking the Kebao parental generation chicken AB line as a terminal male parent and taking the Sasox parental generation CD line as a terminal female parent, and naming the commercial generation small white feather broiler as S21.
Preferably, the A line of the Kebao white feather broiler chicken ancestor obtained by four-line matched hybridization is hybridized with the B line, the C line and the D line of the Saso broiler chicken ancestor, and the offspring respectively produced by the A line and the D line are the AB line of the Kebao parent chicken and the CD line of the Saso parent chicken.
Preferably, the AB line cock of the Kebao parent chicken is a Kebao white feather broiler with white feather, long feet, yellow shin and red crown;
the CD strain hens of the Saso parental generation are the Sao broilers with red feathers, short feet, yellow shins and red crowns.
Preferably, the method also comprises breeding parental breeding hens and disease purification.
Preferably, the parental breeding comprises the breeding of parent weight and reproductive performance of a parental CD line and the breeding of parent weight, appearance character and semen quality of a parental AB line.
Preferably, the disease decontamination comprises parental generation avian leukemia and salmonella decontamination.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of artificially collecting semen of the cock of AB line species of the Kebao parent generation, and the step of artificially inseminating the collected semen of the cock to the CD line female parent of the Saxou parent generation according to the artificial insemination ratio of the cock to the hen being 1: 20.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the invention, by analyzing the breeding order and the hybrid breeding principle (ABCD line) of a matched line, Kebao white feather broilers and Saso broilers are respectively selected as a paternal line and a maternal line; introducing parent breeding cocks (AB line) and parent breeding hens (CD line) of Kebao white feather broilers for feeding management by introducing seeds; breeding parent breeding hens and purifying diseases; crossbreeding the bred qualified parental breeding hens to obtain commercial generation ABCD line small white feather broilers; the production performance, slaughter performance and meat flavor of commercial broiler chickens are measured, and the results show that: two small commercial generation ABCD small white feather broilers which are obtained by matched line breeding and have the advantages of high growth speed, good disease resistance, low material ratio, excellent slaughter performance and delicious meat quality, are called S21 for short, and can distinguish male and female through fast and slow feather identification, wherein the male is slow feather, the female is fast feather, and the body appearance characteristics of the small white feather, the red crown, the yellow shin and the like are small, wide in chest and wide in back, and the whole body is white feather, red crown, yellow shin and the like. The invention provides technical support for meeting market demands, improving market competitiveness and optimizing production performance indexes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of four lines of mating hybridization according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a cock bred in the AB family Kebao parent generation (A) and a CD family Sasox parent generation SA51A (B);
FIG. 3 shows a hen (A) and a cock (B) of the 35-day-old S21 variety of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a slaughter appearance comparison of the S21 broiler chicken and the 817 variety with the largest stock quantity on the market; the left side is S21 and the right side is 817;
FIG. 5 shows the chest type scoring criteria of the Cork cock of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The Kebao white feather broiler chicken used in the invention is the most popular white feather broiler chicken variety in Asia at present, is derived from the United states, has the characteristics of large size, deep chest, wide back, white feather of the whole body, moderate size of chicken head, independent single crown, bright red coronal beard, orange yellow iridescence and high and thick feet, and has the characteristics of high growth speed, good uniformity, plump muscles and delicious meat quality, so that the Kebao white feather broiler chicken can be used as a matched line to cultivate the father line of a new variety of small white chickens.
The France Saso broiler SA51A is a short, small, grain-saving and excellent broiler chicken containing recessive character genes, and after mating with a parent cock of Kebao, not only can obtain high-quality commercial broilers with the same feather and growth speed as the parent cock, but also can identify sexes of primary commercial chicks through fast and slow feathers, so that the France Saso broiler can be used as a matched line to breed a maternal line of a new variety of young white chickens.
By combining the breeding purpose of the invention and by investigating and analyzing the existing germplasm resources, the Kebao white feather broilers and the Saso broilers are respectively used as a paternal line and a maternal line to carry out mating line cross breeding. Then, the principle of the matched line of Kebao white feather broilers and Saso broilers is combined, and the breeding technical route of the invention is determined to be the four-line matched hybridization principle (shown in figure 1): in the four-line mating hybridization, the pure line can be divided into A, B, C, D four lines, and great ancestors of A, B, C, D four lines can be respectively obtained through line internal self-reproduction; the great ancestors of the four strains are self-propagated in the strains to respectively obtain A, B, C, D ancestors; the ancestors can be divided into father line A (male), B (female), mother line C (male), D (female). The filial generation of the grandparent chicken is divided into single cross breed AB line and single cross breed CD line. Filial generation generated after the male parent AB line cock (shown in figure 2A) and the female CD line cock (shown in figure 2B) are crossed is four-line matched hybrid ABCD line commercial generation broiler chicken. The commercial generation broiler chicken can fully exert excellent meat production performance, and is the purpose of the whole four-line matched breeding, while the commercial generation broiler chicken can not be used for further breeding.
Example 1 method for producing chicks S21
1. Test method
(1) The breeding of pure lines, once ancestors and ancestors of Kebao white feather broilers and Saso broilers are all bred and bred in foreign breeding bases, some domestic companies introduce the ancestors of the Kebao white feather broilers and the Sao broilers, Beijing Dafeng poultry breeding company breeds a Kebao parent AB line male chicken and breeds a Sao parent CD line female chicken.
(2) A commercial generation small white feather broiler of an ABCD line is cultivated by taking a Kebao parent AB line cock with white feather, long foot, yellow shin and red crown as a terminal male parent and taking a Sasoo parent CD line hen (SA51A) with red feather, short foot, yellow shin and red crown as a terminal female parent, and is named as S21.
(3) Breaking beaks of Kebao parent AB line breeding cocks and Saxon parent CD line breeding hens in a brooding period, weighing whole groups of individuals in the brooding period, feeding the chickens in groups, performing individual weight sampling according to the probability of 3% of the whole group every week, calculating a value of 110% of average weight and a value of 90% of average weight, dividing the number of the chickens between the average weight of 110% and the average weight of 90% by the total number of the chickens, calculating group uniformity, and eliminating individuals with large weight difference.
(4) Before the hens of the CD strain of the parent Saxoplasma were laid (21 weeks), the day of laying, the weight of the laid eggs and the weight of the laid eggs were recorded. The qualified egg laying hens have wide, deep and short heads, short and thick beaks, slight bending and big eyes with spirit. Small size, tight feather, compact posture structure, large and soft abdomen, and loose skin. The distance between the pubis and the tail end of the sternum can be kept one palm, the distance between the pubis is wide, 3-4 fingers can be put down, the anus is oblate and large and moist, the initial yield weight of the anus is larger than 1540g, and individuals with unqualified body weight, body shape appearance and reproductive performance are eliminated.
(5) The open-laying day age of the CD-family treasure breeding cock is 30 weeks, the open-laying weight of the CD-family treasure breeding cock is required to be within 3970 g-4400 g, the selection of the chest type of the chest-type breeding cock is mainly selected in a body shape and appearance manner, as shown in figure 5, the chest type score of the chest type of the open-laying hen is generally selected within the range of 2.5-3 minutes, so that cocks with unqualified body weight and poor shin, foot, pectoral muscle, anal color, weight, feather and the like are eliminated; in addition, the cock individuals with dead, no and weak sperm are eliminated through the sperm quality measurement.
(6) The A, B, C, D series chicken of the invention are detected by chicken leukemia and salmonella in the cultivated ancestral field, and are mainly detected by an avian leukemia virus (ELISA method) detection kit and a chicken white dysentery plate agglutination test antigen. The detection antigen is named as 'pullorum disease chicken typhoid polyvalent staining flat plate agglutination test antigen' produced by Beijing Haizhizhonghai animal health technology company, a whole blood flat plate agglutination test is adopted, 1 drop of antigen is vertically dropped on a white porcelain plate by a dropping bottle, then a chicken wing vein is punctured by a needle, 1 metal ring blood is taken, the antigen is uniformly mixed and smeared on a liquid surface with the diameter of about 2 cm, the result is observed within 2 minutes, and the patient with a large amount of dark blue agglutinated substances is positive. And (3) carrying out first group quarantine on the parental chicken group between the age of 140-160 days, and if the positive rate exceeds 0.3%, carrying out group quarantine once every 45 days. If the positive rate is lower than 0.3%, performing spot inspection once per month, wherein the number of spot inspections is not less than 700, and if more than 2 positive chickens are subjected to spot inspection, performing general inspection on the whole group. The breeding cocks are generally checked every time.
(7) According to a conventional artificial insemination scheme, the artificial insemination ratio between a cock and a hen is 1:20, semen of a cock of an AB line of a parent generation of Kebao is artificially collected, and the collected semen is given to a CD line female parent SA51A of a parent generation of Sasojou for artificial insemination.
2. Results and analysis
(1) As shown in FIG. 3, two commercial generation ABCD line small white feather broilers obtained by breeding and propagation of a matched line, S21 for short, can distinguish between male and female through fast and slow feather identification, wherein the male is slow feather, the female is fast feather, and the body appearance characteristics of the broilers are small, wide chest and wide back, white feather of the whole body, red crown, yellow shin and the like.
(2) The method comprises the following steps of sampling and weighing 11 batches of S21 small white feather broilers with 18 ten thousand feathers in total by week age, counting the week weight gain and the material consumption, calculating the material-to-weight ratio, and comparing the production standards of other two small white feather broilers 817 and 909 with the largest market stock quantity with the production standards, wherein the results are shown in the following tables 1-3:
TABLE 1S 21 analysis of production Properties
TABLE 2817 production Standard
Table 3909 production criteria
As shown in the results in Table 1, the weight of S21 can be as high as 1760g at 42 days of age, the feed-meat ratio is about 1.46, and compared with the standard data of 817 and 909 chicken breeds on the market, the feed consumed in the growth and development process of S21 is more than that of the other two breeds, but the growth speed and the feed-meat ratio are superior to those of the two breeds. S21 the weight of each variety is 2-3g when the variety is taken out, 150g when the variety is six weeks old, and 0.1-0.2 lower than that of other varieties. From the requirements of the current market on the white chickens and the conditions of the white chickens, the S21 meets the slaughter condition at the age of about 40 days, so that the S21 has the advantages of high growth speed, low feed-meat ratio and short marketing age.
(3) For comparison with the slaughter performance and carcass appearance of other breeds, the slaughter performance of the S21 broiler and the largest commercial quantity of 817 breeds were simultaneously determined according to slaughterhouse standards.
As shown in fig. 4, compared with the carcass appearance, the breast angle of S21 is wider, and the breast, back and leg muscles are more rounded, and the body shape is closer to white feather broilers; second, S21 has yellowish skin and finer pores. The dressing percentage, half-net ratio and full-net ratio of S21 were all higher than 817, thus indicating a higher meat yield of S21 broilers (see Table 4).
TABLE 4S 21 slaughter Performance analysis
(4) In order to identify the meat quality and flavor of S21, the slaughtered S21 broiler chicken and the slaughtered 817 broiler chicken are specially subjected to various processing cooking, then the tasting comparison is carried out, and the comparison shows that the muscle fibers of the S21 broiler chicken are thinner, the meat quality is smoother, the fat permeates among the muscle fibers, the taste is fragrant but not greasy, and the mouthfeel is excellent. In addition, some customers who procure the broiler chickens of S21 to make roast chickens mention in the feedback that the mouthfeel and flavor of S21 are excellent. Therefore, it can be concluded that the S21 broiler chicken has competitive advantages no matter whether the broiler chicken is used for making braised chicken, roasted chicken, smoked chicken and the like.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A seed production method of a white chicken S21 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) carrying out hybridization culture on the commercial generation small white feather broiler of the ABCD line by taking the Kebao parental generation chicken AB line as a terminal male parent and taking the Sasox parental generation CD line as a terminal female parent, and naming the commercial generation small white feather broiler as S21.
2. The method for producing the young white chicken S21 according to claim 1, wherein the Cobao white feather broiler chicken ancestor A line obtained from the four-line mating hybridization is hybridized with the B line, the Saso broiler chicken ancestor C line and the D line, and the offspring produced respectively are the Cobao parent chicken AB line and the Saso parent CD line.
3. The method for producing the small white chicken S21 according to claim 1, wherein the Kebao parent chicken AB line cock is a Kebao white feather broiler with white feather, long foot, yellow shin and red crown;
the CD strain hens of the Saso parental generation are the Sao broilers with red feathers, short feet, yellow shins and red crowns.
4. The method for producing young white chicken S21, according to claim 1, further comprising parental generation breeding chicken breeding and disease purification.
5. The method for producing the young white chicken S21, according to claim 4, wherein the parental generation breeding includes parental generation CD line female parent weight, reproductive performance breeding, and parental generation AB line male parent weight, appearance character, semen quality breeding.
6. The method for producing chick S21 of claim 4, wherein said disease decontamination comprises parental generation chick leukemia and Salmonella decontamination.
7. The method for producing chicks S21, according to claim 1, further comprising the step of artificially collecting semen of a cock of the AB line of the Kebao parent generation, and the step of artificially inseminating the collected semen of the cock to the female parent of the CD line of the Saxoplasma parent generation according to the artificial insemination ratio of the cock to the hen being 1: 20.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116349647A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-30 | 佛山市南海种禽有限公司 | High-quality white chicken breeding method integrated with blood margin of yellow-feather broiler |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1605251A (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-13 | 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Chicken breeding method |
| CN101473807A (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2009-07-08 | 西南大学 | Seed production method of dwarf broiler chicken with deep-color leg |
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| CN111903604A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-10 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | White feather broiler chicken matched seed production method |
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| CN1605251A (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-13 | 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Chicken breeding method |
| CN101473807A (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2009-07-08 | 西南大学 | Seed production method of dwarf broiler chicken with deep-color leg |
| CN103098760A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-15 | 佛山市高明区新广农牧有限公司 | Forage-saving breeding method for parent generation white feather broilers and commercial white feather broilers |
| CN103098761A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-15 | 佛山市高明区新广农牧有限公司 | Undersized white feather broiler breeding method |
| CN104542487A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-29 | 南丹县水产畜牧兽医局 | Method for breeding new strain of chickens with iron feet and yellow speckle feathers |
| CN104719246A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-06-24 | 河南农业大学 | Feather color automatic sexing hen mating strain and hen mating strain four-strain-three-purpose mating using method |
| CN111903604A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-10 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | White feather broiler chicken matched seed production method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116349647A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-30 | 佛山市南海种禽有限公司 | High-quality white chicken breeding method integrated with blood margin of yellow-feather broiler |
| CN116349647B (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2024-02-20 | 佛山市南海种禽有限公司 | High-quality white chicken breeding method integrated with blood margin of yellow-feather broiler |
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