CN116349647B - High-quality white chicken breeding method integrated with blood margin of yellow-feather broiler - Google Patents
High-quality white chicken breeding method integrated with blood margin of yellow-feather broiler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing seeds of high-quality white chickens which are integrated with the blood margin of yellow-feather broilers, and belongs to the field of poultry breeding. The method comprises the following steps: the LK line of the fast large white-feather broiler is used as a terminal male line, the Y1 line of the high-quality yellow-feather broiler is used as a female parent male line, and the D3 line of the high-yield Huang Yutu layer chicken is used as a female parent line for hybridization cultivation of the high-quality white chickens fused into the blood margin of the yellow-feather broiler. The method is a three-line matched hybridization technology, creatively blends the blood margin of the native yellow-feather broiler chicken in China into the matched hybridization of the small white-feather broiler chicken, and finally forms the commodity generation high-quality white chicken with high production growth speed, low feed conversion rate, good meat quality and flavor, strong disease resistance and high uniformity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of poultry breeding, in particular to a method for producing seeds of high-quality white chickens which are fused with the blood rims of yellow-feather broilers.
Background
The small white-feather broiler is a special local small-size broiler variety in China, also called as small meat impurities, is generally hybridized with high-yield chickens from parent roosters of fast and large white-feather broilers in the early stage, has the characteristics of fast growth speed, short raising period, low commodity chicken fries and the like, is suitable for manufacturing chicken products such as braised chicken and the like, and has the growing speed and the meat quality between the fast and large white-feather broilers and the yellow-feather broilers, and the demand of the chicken products in China is increasing in recent years. However, due to unscientific hybridization of varieties, poor feeding management level of parent breeding hens and the like, the obvious problems of unstable performance, unsatisfactory meat quality, low carcass qualification rate and the like of commercial generation white chickens exist, and the solution is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-quality white chicken seed production method which is integrated with the blood margin of yellow-feather broilers, so as to solve the problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a method for producing seeds of high-quality white chickens which are integrated with the blood rims of yellow-feather broilers, comprising the following steps: the LK line of the fast large white-feather broiler is used as a terminal male line, the Y1 line of the high-quality yellow-feather broiler is used as a female parent male line, and the D3 line of the high-yield Huang Yutu layer chicken is used as a female parent line for hybridization cultivation of the high-quality white chickens fused into the blood margin of the yellow-feather broiler.
Preferably, the LK line of the fast large white feather broiler is obtained by breeding the fast large white feather broiler Kebao 500 and AA chicken imported abroad through pure line blocking for 5 generations.
Preferably, the fast large white broiler LK line has the following characteristics: the body type is tall and big, the chest is deep and back is wide, chest and leg muscles are developed, the whole feather is pure white and rapid in feather, the crown is upright and single crown, the beard is bright red, the foot is tall and thick, the beak and the shank are yellow, and no shank feather exists.
Preferably, the high-quality yellow-feather broiler Y1 line is obtained by breeding 19 generations of star-mixed 288 laying hens and Shiqi mixed chickens through blocking.
Preferably, the high-quality yellow-feather broiler Y1 system has the following characteristics: the whole body is uniform, the posture is plump, the pectoral muscles are developed, the vertical single crown and the crown are bright red, the crown area is large, the whole feather color is golden yellow, the main and auxiliary wing feathers are formed by yellow and black, the tail feather is black, the skin, the beak and the shin are yellow, the shin-free feather is thick and short.
Preferably, the D3 line of the high-yield Huang Yutu laying hen is obtained by blocking and breeding 11 generations of imported layer sea blue ash and local characteristic layer variety Mesona chicken.
Preferably, the high-yield Huang Yutu layer D3 line has the following characteristics: the chicken breast is slightly bent forward, the single comb is upright, the overall feather color is yellow, the tail feather is long and yellow and black are alternately arranged, the skin, the beak and the shank are yellow, the shank is absent, and the egg laying performance is excellent.
Preferably, the high-quality white chicken has moderate body type, plump muscles, single crown, bright red beards, white feather on the whole body, small amount of black feather on the small part of the neck and the back, yellow skin Huang Jing and dark gray part of the shin.
Preferably, the high-quality white chickens distinguish the male chickens from the female chickens according to the feather speed.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a high-quality white chicken seed production method integrated with the blood rims of yellow-feather chickens, which adopts a three-line matched seed production method, is different from the traditional 'meat and egg mix' seed production method of white chickens, and particularly utilizes fast white chickens, high-yield chickens and high-quality yellow-feather chickens as breeding materials, carries out scientific systematic hybridization breeding by adding local chicken blood rims, strictly executes seed production standard requirements of white chickens, combines the advantages of the fast white chickens, the high-yield chickens and the yellow-feather chickens, and finally breeds the high-quality white chickens with fast growth speed, good meat quality and flavor, strong disease resistance and good feed return.
The high-quality white chicken bred by the method has the production advantages of medium body type, plump muscles, single crown, bright red beards, white feather on the whole body, small amount of black feather on the small part of the neck and the back, yellow skin and Huang Jing, and dark gray part of the shank, and the method has the production advantages of high growth speed, high feed conversion efficiency, high uniformity, self-identification male and female, strong stress resistance, excellent slaughtering performance, firm muscles, fine pores, good skin coloration, good meat quality and flavor and the like through judging the production performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a three-system mating structure;
FIG. 2 shows the appearance characteristics of the LK strain cock and hen;
FIG. 3 shows the appearance characteristics of the cock and hen of the Y1 strain;
FIG. 4 shows the appearance characteristics of the cock and hen of the D3 strain;
FIG. 5 shows the structure of Guang hong No. 3 high-quality white chicken complete set;
FIG. 6 shows the body type and appearance characteristics of Guang hong No. 3 high-quality white chickens.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The invention innovatively blends the blood margin of the native yellow-feather broiler chicken in China into the mating system hybridization of small white-feather broiler chicken (called as 'white chicken') to finally form the seed production method of commodity-generation high-quality white chicken with high growth speed, low feed ratio, good meat quality flavor, strong disease resistance and high uniformity. The system is specifically determined by the following method steps: determining a breeding target and a mating line hybridization breeding method; selecting different strains according to the existing breeding materials, and culturing specialized strains; meanwhile, screening of hybridization combinations of the complete sets is carried out, and the final complete set is determined through the measurement and comparison of the coordination forces of different complete set combinations; measuring commodity generation production performance; and carrying out pilot-scale experiments and popularization by commodity generation. The respective seed production steps will be described in detail by the following examples.
Example 1
1. The seed production method matched with the Guang Hong No. 3 high-quality white chicken three lines comprises the following steps:
(1) Breeding targets
The method is suitable for cultivating a new high-quality white chicken variety which is suitable for main consumer market demands such as south China, northeast China and the like, and has the advantages of high growth speed, low material ratio, delicious meat quality, excellent slaughtering performance, good disease resistance and high uniformity. Commodity rooster comes out from the fence in 49 days, the weight reaches 2.1kg, commodity rooster comes out from the fence in 49 days, and the weight reaches 1.8kg; the average feed conversion ratio of the broiler chickens on the market is below 1.85; the uniformity of the chickens on the market is good, the whole body is white, the feathers are compact, and the feet are yellow; the body type is strong and plump, the slaughter performance is excellent, the yield is high after slaughter, and the yellow degree of skin color is high; the disease resistance is strong, the survival rate is more than 96%, the positive rate of the avian leukemia is lower than 1% and the positive rate of the white diarrhea is lower than 1% after the purification of the avian leukemia and the white diarrhea; the number of eggs laid by the parent breeding hens in the house is more than 220 after 66 weeks, and the number of healthy chicks is more than 190.
(2) Method for determining breeding
By combining breeding targets, the existing breeding materials are collected, measured and evaluated, and a three-line matched hybridization method is adopted, wherein the composition and structure of the three-line matched line are shown in figure 1, the male parent is a line A, the female parent male parent is a line B, and the female parent is a line C.
(3) Basic group construction and specialized strain breeding
Determining sources of breeding materials of various lines according to breeding targets and performance characteristics of the lines, respectively establishing basic groups of the various lines, and performing pure line closed breeding by adopting a specialized line breeding method.
The terminal male parent mainly selects growth speed, feed conversion efficiency, shank color and feather color; the female parent and male parent are mainly selected from growth speed, body size appearance, precocity and egg number; the female parent system mainly selects the reproductive performance such as precocity, weight uniformity, egg yield and the like. The breeding work mainly comprises four stages: in the young chicken stage, wing numbers are worn according to families, weight, hair color, shank color, health condition and the like are initially selected, and positive families for detecting leukemia of birds are eliminated; at the stage of 4-7 weeks, combining body type appearance characters, mainly selecting body weight characters, selecting precocity and early growth speed, improving uniformity, adopting a plate agglutination test to detect, and eliminating pullorum positive individuals; at the stage of 20 weeks, body weight and body size characters are measured, individuals with early sexual maturity are bred, and individuals with positive leukemia and positive pullorum disease of the birds are eliminated before parturition; and (3) at the stage of 43 weeks, performing two-white detection before seed reserving, eliminating fowl leukemia positive and pullorum positive individuals, and selecting reproductive performance by combining growth performance, body shape and appearance.
(4) Comparative test for measuring the Complex force
In order to screen out the best matching mode of the Guang Hong No. 3 high-quality white chickens, the breeding materials owned at present are fully utilized, 5 strains of the LK line, the Y1 line, the K1 line, the D3 line and the like of the fast large white chickens are screened out for characteristic analysis, and commodity chickens with different matching combinations are subjected to performance measurement comparison tests according to the performance characteristics of the strains and the breeding targets to be realized. The three combination modes are specifically shown in table 1, wherein the combination 1 can be used for identifying male and female feather rates.
Table 1 group combination modes
Each test group had 300 feathers for each male and female group, and a total of 1800 feathers. During the feeding process, the whole group was weighed at 28, 42, 49 and 56 days old, and the average feed conversion ratio and survival rate of each combination were recorded. When the animals were raised to 42 days old, 30 commercial generations (each half of the male and female) were randomly selected from the average weight range, and body size properties and slaughter performance were measured.
2. Results and analysis
(1) Breeding of specialised strain
According to the performance characteristics and market demands of the strains, 3 strains of LK, Y1 and D3 are finally screened out as breeding materials, the LK of the fast large white-feather broiler is used as a terminal male parent, the Y1 of the high-quality yellow-feather broiler is used as a female parent, the D3 of the high-yield Huang Yutu layer chicken is used as a female parent, and basic groups of the strains are respectively established for pure-line locking breeding.
The LK strain is used as a terminal male parent, the variety is derived from the imported fast large white feather broiler Kebao 500 and AA chickens, and the pure line chickens with stable body type and appearance, improved growth and development performance and small variation coefficient are obtained through 5 generation breeding. After 5 generations of breeding, the body weight of the cock at 20 weeks of age is improved by 10.5%, the hen is improved by 9.8%, and the body weight variation coefficients of the cock at 20 weeks of age and the hen are both less than 3.5%. Adult cock body type is tall, chest is deep, back is wide, chest and leg muscles are developed, whole feather is pure white and rapid in feather, single crown is upright, the crown is bright red, the feet are tall and thick, the beak and the shank are yellow, and no shank feather exists; the cock semen quality is good. Adult hens are large in size, deep in chest, wide in back, plump in body state, developed in muscle, pure white and rapid in feather of the whole body, upright single crown, tall and thick in feet, yellow in beak and shin, and free of shin feather; the hen had moderate egg laying performance (see figure 2).
The Y1 strain is a female parent and male parent of a Guanghong No. 3 high-quality white chicken mating line, is a high-quality yellow-feather broiler, is formed by breeding star-shaped hybrid 288 from Canada Sheffi corporation and Shiqi hybrid chickens in China, and is continuously locked and bred for 19 generations. The average weight of the bred chickens in each week is raised in a wave manner, the uniformity of the weight is greatly improved, the variation coefficient of the chickens in the 20 weeks of the 5 th generation is less than 3.3%, and the variation coefficient of the hens is less than 3.4%. Through family selection and individual selection, the laying rate in the peak period is improved from 85.3% to 87.9% from 12 th generation, and the egg yield is steadily increased at 43 weeks of age and 66 weeks of age. The whole adult cock is even, the body state is plump, the pectoral muscle is developed, the upright single crown, the bearded red crown have large area, the whole feather color is golden yellow, the main feather and the aileron feather are separated from each other from yellow to black, the tail feather is black, the skin, the beak and the shin are yellow, the shin feather is absent, and the feet are thick and short; adult hen body type reunion, upright single crown, obvious three-yellow characteristic, golden yellow overall feather color, tail feather between yellow and black, and no shank feather; good egg laying performance and delicious meat quality (see figure 3).
The D3 strain is a female parent line of a Guang Hong 3 high-quality white chicken mating line, and is a Huang Yutu laying hen cultivated by a foreign imported laying hen variety, namely sea blue ash, and a local characteristic laying hen variety, namely Xianju chicken in China, and the breeding is continuously blocked and bred for 11 generations, so that the laying performance is excellent and the leukemia is purified. The weight of each week of the 5 generations is basically maintained stable, the weight variation coefficient is in a decreasing trend, and the weight uniformity is gradually improved. Adult cock body is high and thin, upright single crown, large crown area, bright red crown, golden yellow overall feather, long tail feather, yellow and black alternate, tall and slender foot, yellow skin, beak and shin, and no shin feather; the adult hen has compact and round body shape, the chicken breast protrudes forwards to form a slightly bent shape, the upright single comb has yellow overall feather color, the tail feather is longer and is yellow and black alternately, the skin, the beak and the shank are yellow, no shank feather exists, and the egg laying performance is excellent (see figure 4).
(2) Comparison of production performance of different matched combinations
As shown in table 2, the average weight of the cock and hen of combination 2 is significantly higher than that of combination 1 and combination 3 (P < 0.05), but the coefficient of variation is higher; the average body weight of commercial generation of combination 1 is significantly higher than that of combination 3 (P < 0.05), but the body weight difference of the 28-56 day old cock and hen is within 50-100g, and the group variation coefficient is superior to that of combination 2.
Table 2 results of weight measurements of different set of commercial broiler chickens
As shown in Table 3, the survival rate of the combination 1 is overall better than that of other matched hens, the survival rate of the hens aged 28-56 days is maintained above 99%, and the survival rate of the roosters can also be maintained above 98%; the combination 1 has excellent feed/meat ratio, the feed/meat ratio of 42-day-old cock is 1.52, and the feed/meat ratio of hen is 1.64.
Table 3 survival and feed conversion results for commercial broiler chickens from different complete sets
As shown in table 4, the slaughter rate of the combination 1 cock and the total bore-free rate were significantly higher than those of the combination 2 and the combination 3 (P < 0.05), and the slaughter rate of the combination 1 hen was significantly higher than that of the other mating (P < 0.05).
Table 4 results of determination of 42-day-old slaughter Performance of commercial broilers of different complete sets
As shown in table 5, in the body size trait, the combined 1 cock shin length and the body diagonal length are both significantly lower than other matches (P < 0.05), the combined 1 hen shin length is significantly lower than the combined 3 (P < 0.05), and the body diagonal length and the keel length are significantly lower than other matches (P < 0.05). Combining the data from all the tables, the complete set of group 1 commercial generation gross weight, carcass weight was significantly lower than group 2 (P < 0.05), but the slaughter rate was significantly higher than groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05); the weight variation coefficient, the feed conversion ratio and the survival rate of the matched line combination 1 are also obviously higher than those of the combination 2 and the combination 3, and compared with the combined 2 commodity generation, the commercial generation carcass of the matched line combination 1 is more compact, and the matched line combination 1 is more suitable for large-scale slaughtering and processing.
Table 5 results of measurement of 42 day old body sizes of commercial broilers of different complete sets
(3) Variety characteristics of Guang hong No. 3 high-quality white chicken complete set line
By comprehensively analyzing and comparing the production performance of three different matched line combinations, the production performance of the matched line combination 1 is found to be obviously superior to that of the combination 2 and the combination 3, so that a breeding method of the matched line combination 1 ((Y1 ×D3 (female)) x LK) is adopted as a production mode of a high-quality white chicken matched line of Guanghong No. 3, subsequent breeding and production are carried out, and the structural combination of the matched line is shown in figure 5.
Table 6 reproductive performance of parent broiler chickens, guangdong 3
Parent-generation broilers of Guang hong 3 high-quality white chicken complete set have excellent reproductive performance (see table 6), and the main breeding management key points of the parent generation are as follows: the first point is weight control, 0-6W is fed freely, and the weight of hens is increased faster; limiting the material at 10-15W, and slowly increasing the weight; increasing the material quantity by 16-23W to ensure that the body maturity is consistent with the sexual maturity; the cock full period was strictly performed according to the body weight standard. The second point is to control uniformity, namely, during the material limiting period, the material quantity is ensured to be sufficient through different feeding modes; timely grouping, measuring body weight weekly, and timely adjusting body weight distribution. The third point is to ensure biosafety: isolation disinfection measures are strictly implemented, vaccination is well done, antibody monitoring is regularly carried out, and medicine prevention is reasonably used. The fourth point is illumination management, wherein natural illumination or fixed artificial illumination is adopted in the growing period; according to seasonal changes and sexual development conditions, the illumination time is advanced or delayed, and the illumination time during egg laying can only be prolonged but not reduced.
Table 7 production Performance of commercial chickens of Guanghong No. 3
Commercial white chickens bred by the Guang Hong3 high-quality white chicken mating line have the production advantages of medium body type, plump muscles, single crown, bright red beards, white feather on the whole body, small amount of black feathers on the small parts of the neck and the back, yellow skin and Huang Jing, dark gray color on part of the shin (see figure 6), high growth speed, high feed conversion efficiency (see table 7), high uniformity, self-identification of male and female chickens (slow feathers are cock), strong stress resistance, excellent slaughtering performance, firm muscles, fine pores, good skin coloring number and meat flavor and the like.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The high-quality white chicken breeding method integrated with the blood margin of the yellow-feather broiler chicken is characterized by comprising the following steps of: hybridization cultivation of high-quality white chickens which are fused into the blood margin of yellow-feather chickens by taking the LK line of the fast large-sized white chickens as a terminal male parent, the Y1 line of the high-quality yellow-feather chickens as a female parent male parent and the D3 line of the high-yield Huang Yutu laying chickens as a female parent;
the fast large white feather broiler LK system has the following characteristics: the body type is tall, the chest is deep, the back is wide, the chest and leg muscles are developed, the whole feather is pure white and rapid in feather, the crown is upright and single crown, the beard is bright red, the feet are tall and thick, the beak and the shank are yellow, and no shank feather exists;
the high-quality yellow-feather broiler Y1 system has the following characteristics: the whole body is uniform, the posture is plump, the pectoral muscles are developed, the upright single crown and the crown are bright red, the crown area is large, the whole feather color is golden yellow, the main and auxiliary wing feathers are formed by yellow and black, the tail feather is black, the skin, the beak and the shin are yellow, the shin-free feather is thick and short;
the high-yield Huang Yutu laying hen D3 has the following characteristics: the chicken breast is protruded forward to form a slightly bent shape, the single comb is upright, the whole feather color is yellow, the tail feather is longer and is alternately yellow and black, the skin, the beak and the shank are yellow, the shank is free, and the egg laying performance is excellent;
the LK system of the fast large white feather broiler is obtained by breeding the fast large white feather broiler Kebao 500 and AA chicken imported abroad through pure line blocking for 5 generations;
the Y1 line of the high-quality yellow-feather broiler chicken is obtained by breeding 19 generations through blocking with star-mixed 288 laying hens and Shiqi mixed chickens;
the D3 line of the high-yield Huang Yutu laying hen is obtained by locking and breeding 11 generations of imported layer sea orchid ash and local characteristic layer variety Xianju chicken.
2. The method for producing seeds of high-quality chickens according to claim 1, wherein the high-quality chickens are medium in size, plump in muscles, single crown, bright red in beards, white feathers on the whole body, small amounts of black feathers on a small part of the neck and back, yellow skin and Huang Jing, and a small amount of shin colors are grey.
3. The method for producing seeds of high-quality white chickens according to claim 1, wherein the high-quality white chickens distinguish between sexes according to feather speed.
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