CN113973771A - Method for breeding new Jilin black pigs - Google Patents
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009395 genetic defect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000026350 Inborn Genetic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000016361 genetic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020997 lean meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003147 molecular marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding new Jilin black pigs, which comprises the following steps: establishing a Min pig basic group for propagation, and selecting purified Min pigs meeting the requirement; establishing a breeding basic group: hybridizing the purified Min pig sow with the American Bake summer boar, wherein a hybridized pig individual with a completely black hair color is selected, an F1 group with a clear blood margin is established, the sow in the F1 generation group is selected to be hybridized with the Bake summer boar continuously, an F2 generation group is produced, and a breeding basic group is established; selecting a breeding core group, selecting 200 sows meeting the requirement from the breeding basic group, forming the breeding core group by 10 boars, combining genome selection from the breeding core group with a conventional breeding technology, and selecting for multiple times to obtain a black pig core group; and (5) performing generation breeding, and obtaining black pigs meeting the requirements according to the measurement result and the appearance scoring condition. The black pig has the characteristics of high litter size, good meat quality, high lean meat percentage, fast growth and development, accordance with the consumption requirements of China and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of black pig breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a new Jilin black pig.
Background
Due to different consumption modes and eating habits, the requirements of Chinese consumers on the pork quality are greatly different from those of European and American countries, the requirements on the taste and flavor of pork are diversified, but the existing pork pig production provides a single live pig product, and the live pig product is difficult to adapt to the future development of the live pig consumption market. The breed for producing pork in the domestic market mainly takes an introduced breed as a main breed, the introduced breed has the same main production direction with the live pig, the growth speed is pursued, and the meat quality is neglected; the local pig is mainly used for producing the medium and high-end pork, but the local pig has low lean meat percentage, slow growth speed and small scale. The shortage of special pig breeds for producing medium and high-end pork severely restricts the rapid development of the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a new method for breeding Jilin black pigs so as to solve various problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for breeding black pigs in new Jilin, comprising:
purification and rejuvenation of Min pigs: establishing a Min pig basic group for propagation, and selecting purified Min pigs meeting the requirement;
establishing a breeding basic group: hybridizing the purified Min pig sow with the American Bake summer boar, wherein a hybridized pig individual with a completely black hair color is selected, an F1 group with a clear blood margin is established, the sow in the F1 generation group is selected to be hybridized with the Bake summer boar continuously, an F2 generation group is produced, and a breeding basic group is established;
selecting a breeding core group, selecting 200 sows meeting the requirement from the breeding basic group, forming the breeding core group by 10 boars, combining molecular marker-assisted selection from the breeding core group with a conventional breeding technology, and selecting for multiple times to obtain a black pig core group, wherein the new Jilin black pig core group at least comprises 8 groups of same family blood systems, and piglets of the same father belong to the same family blood system;
and (3) generation breeding, namely measuring the growth performance, the reproductive performance, the slaughter performance and the meat quality of the black pigs in the new Jilin, evaluating the appearance, obtaining black pigs meeting the requirements according to the measurement result and the appearance grading condition, and selecting and matching the black pigs meeting the requirements for one generation every year to select the black pigs in the new Jilin meeting the requirements.
Preferably, the establishing and breeding of the basic group comprises:
and (3) determining the meat quality, reproductive performance and adaptability of the pigs in the F2 generation population, selecting the pigs meeting set requirements, and establishing a breeding basic population.
Preferably, the reproductive performance assay of the performance assay comprises:
recording the delivery condition and the mating condition of the core group of the Xinjilin black pigs, and evaluating the reproductive performance, wherein the delivery condition comprises total born number, live born number and birth individual weight.
Preferably, the production performance determination in the performance determination comprises:
selecting and reserving 2 postsows, 1 boar and 1 fattening pig in each family, and respectively detecting daily gain and feed-weight ratio.
Preferably, the seed selection comprises: in the early stage, piglets with unqualified body weight, dysplasia and unmatched litter size and boars with genetic diseases are removed before 30kg of black pigs;
during mating, individuals with no oestrus symptoms, infertility caused by mating and incapability of mating in the excess period are eliminated.
Preferably, the matching comprises:
establishing a matching scheme, adopting a random mating matching mode, and controlling entropy mating in the matching process;
and (3) formulating a seed reserving scheme, keeping the same in birth time, feeding conditions and seed selection standards of each generation, carrying out seed selection according to the production performance of the breeding pigs and the whole-sib or half-sib, and carrying out growth and development performance measurement on 2 postsows, 1 boar and 1 fattening pig retained in each family.
Preferably, by one generation of the year, the affinity coefficient: controlling the content within 25%, and the inbreeding coefficient: 12.5 percent.
Preferably, the shape scoring item comprises: variety characteristics, head and neck, back and waist, abdomen, buttocks, limbs, nipple number and quality and reproductive organs; the appearance identification scoring items of the sows of the adult species comprise: basic appearance characteristics, body size, body weight, breast nipple, genetic defects, hooves, etc.; the appearance identification scoring items of the breeding boars comprise: basic appearance characteristics, body size, body weight, genetic defects, and limb hooves.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the breeding method of the new Jilin black pig, the defects that the growth and development of the Min pig are slow, the feed reward is low, the lean meat percentage is low, the adaptability of the foreign breed Baker summer pig is poor, the farrowing performance is low and the like are changed through a crossbreeding method. The Bamin sow and the Bake summer boar which are generated by hybridizing the Min pigs serving as basic breeding materials with the Bake summer boar are hybridized again, the black pigs meeting the variety requirements are selected for cross-crossing and fixing, and the new Jilin black pigs are bred through strict breeding, so that the black pigs have the characteristics of high litter size, good meat quality, high lean meat percentage, fast growth and development, Chinese consumption requirements and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for breeding New Jilin black pigs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of cross breeding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
The breeding method of the new Jilin black pig in the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the process includes:
s100, purification and rejuvenation of Min pigs: and (5) establishing a Min pig basic group for propagation, and selecting the purified Min pigs meeting the requirements. By expanding propagation of the existing Min pig basic groups, the reproductive performance and the fattening performance are further improved on the basis of keeping the original meat quality and flavor characteristics.
S200, establishing a breeding basic group: hybridizing the purified Min pig sow with the American Bake summer boar, wherein a hybridized pig individual with a completely black hair color is selected, an F1 group with a clear blood margin is established, the sow in the F1 generation group is selected to be hybridized with the Bake summer boar continuously, an F2 generation group is produced, and a breeding basic group is established; the Min pig is hybridized with the newly introduced American Barkha pig. Establishing F1 population with clear blood relationship, continuously selecting F1 generation population to hybridize with Bakha boar to produce F2 generation population, establishing breeding basic population, and mainly breeding characters with excellent meat quality, good reproductive performance and strong adaptability. In the hybridization process shown in fig. 2, in the innovation stage of hybridization, a Bamin pig is obtained by mating a Bake summer boar in the United states with a Min sow, and then the Bamin pig is mated with another Bake summer boar in the United states to obtain a new breed of pig (breeding basic group consisting of F2 generation group).
S300, selecting a breeding core group, selecting 200 sows meeting the requirement from the breeding base group, combining molecular marker-assisted selection from the breeding core group by 10 boars with a conventional breeding technology, and selecting for multiple times to obtain a black pig core group, wherein the new Jilin black pig core group at least comprises 8 groups of same pedigrees, and piglets of the same father belong to the same pedigree.
As shown in fig. 2, this step is the cross-fixing stage in fig. 2. 200 sows, 10 boars were selected from the population of the F2 generation in S200, of which there were at least 8 ancestors. And (5) obtaining a black pig core group through overlapping small group locking and measuring processes.
S400, generation breeding, namely measuring the growth performance, the reproductive performance, the slaughter performance and the meat quality of the black new Jilin pigs, evaluating the appearance, obtaining black pigs meeting the requirements according to the measurement result and the appearance grading condition, and selecting and matching the black pigs meeting the requirements for one generation every year to select and select the black new Jilin pigs meeting the requirements.
The generation selection process is described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Specific examples of generational selection are as follows
(1) And (5) measuring the growth performance of the breeding pigs.
And (5) measuring the reproductive performance. According to the records of the childbirth record, the mating record and the like of the core breeding population of the new Jilin black pig, the reproductive performance of the new Jilin black pig is counted, and the reproductive performance mainly comprises indexes such as total litter size, number of born alive litter size, birth individual weight and the like.
And (4) measuring the growth and development performance. And 2 postnatal sows, 1 boar and 1 fattening pig are selected and reserved for each family to perform growth and development performance measurement. The method mainly measures indexes of daily gain, feed-weight ratio and the like of the pigs.
(2) Seed selection
And (4) formulating a breeding selection scheme, and grading and managing the breeding pigs according to the breed standard of the new Jilin black pig. A elimination plan of the breeding pigs is formulated, the breeding pigs are updated according to the breeding target and the comprehensive production performance is high, and active elimination is carried out; the situation that the ability of breeding offspring of the breeding pigs is influenced by other factors and the breeding pigs have to be eliminated due to non-breeding requirements is reduced.
Primary selection (30kg ago) -determination of pigs. Except that the piglets are too small in weight, have poor development, do not have the requirement of variety characteristics and have too small litter size in the same litter, the piglets in the same litter have genetic diseases (referring to boars), and other piglets can be listed as the determination pigs. The initial selection stage must not be too stringent, otherwise it may affect the throughput of the whole field measurement and the performance of the whole population measurement ("whole nest measurement"), and may also result in too high a seed retention rate and too low a selection strength.
Selection at the end of measurement (115 kg). In principle, the measurement period (30kg to 115kg) is not sold, and the seller is required to confirm the measurement period.
And (4) selecting the seeds at the age suitable. And establishing a backup group. Mainly eliminates individuals who have no emotional symptoms and are tired of mating infertility in the excess period and cannot participate in mating for various reasons.
(3) Variety selection and retention
And establishing a matching scheme. According to the reason that the new Jilin black pig group at the initial breeding stage is small in basic group and the like, a random mating selection mode is adopted, and full sibling entropy copulation and the like should be avoided in the selection process.
And (5) making a seed reserving scheme. Strict selection and reservation standards are implemented, the birth time, the feeding conditions and the selection standards of each generation are kept consistent, and strict selection is carried out according to the production performance of the breeding pigs and the full-sib or half-sib. And (4) carrying out multi-leaving selection, and carrying out growth and development performance determination on 2 postsows, 1 boar and 1 fattening pig selected and left by each family.
Appearance criteria and identification scores. The pig breeds all have specific germplasm characteristics. The appearance standard of the breed or the specialized mating line is established, which is beneficial to the selection and the evaluation of the breeding pigs and is different from other breeds or lines. And identifying according to the appearance identification and scoring standard of the new Jilin black pig somatotype breeding swinery. The appearance scoring items of the replacement pigs mainly comprise: variety characteristics, head and neck, back and waist, abdomen, buttocks, limbs, nipple number and quality and reproductive organs; the appearance identification scoring item of the adult sow mainly comprises the following items: basic appearance characteristics, body size, body weight, breast nipple, genetic defects, hooves, etc.; the appearance identification scoring item of the breeding boar mainly comprises the following items: basic appearance characteristics, body size, body weight, genetic defects, limb and hoof, and the like. Different weight coefficients are matched according to the importance degree of each index. A boar appearance grading method comprises the following steps: the total score is 20, wherein: constitution 4, head and neck 2, back and waist 4, buttocks 3, limbs 4 and hair color 3. The special grade pigs are divided into 20 grades, the first grade pigs are divided into 19 grades, the second grade pigs are divided into 18 grades, and the third grade pigs are divided into 17 grades.
After weaning: boars: 20 percent; 60% of sow; 4 months old: boars: 50 percent; 60% of sow; before mating: boars: 50 percent; 80% of sows.
TABLE 1 selection ratio (1000 piglets from lactation to pre-mating for example)
(4) The variety matching method comprises the following steps: random mating (avoid mating between full and half siblings); and (5) family selection. Generation: good boars allow generation overlap, overlap rate: not exceeding 25%. One generation per year. Affinity coefficient: controlling the content within 25%; the inbred coefficient: 12.5 percent
Selection index
X1: estimating a breeding value by the daily weight gain of 30-115kg body weight; x2: estimating a breeding value by the weight-to-weight ratio of 30-115 kg; x3: estimating a breeding value of the backfat thickness of 115kg body weight; x4: 115kg body weight eye muscle area estimation breeding value
And (3) selecting and matching notice items: reasonably and flexibly applying the first principle of homogeneous mating and heterogeneous mating but not forgetting the matching; the most important matching principle is the best matching; heterogeneous mating, wherein the best boar is matched with a sow with a medium level, and a boar with a medium quality cannot participate in mating; the excellent boars and sows are subjected to high-degree inbreeding according to specific conditions, so that the advantages are consolidated, and the number of excellent offspring is increased; generally, a grouping recurrent (circulating) mating method of the bleeding lineage is adopted; the best effort is made to participate in the breeding without using or with few "alternative boars" in all ancestry.
(5) Calculation of the inbred coefficient
Calculating the inbreeding coefficient of the new Jilin black pig population, and controlling the annual inbreeding increment of the population.
According to the breeding method of the new Jilin black pig, the defects that the growth and development of the Min pig are slow, the feed reward is low, the lean meat percentage is low, the adaptability of the foreign breed Baker summer pig is poor, the farrowing performance is low and the like are changed through a crossbreeding method. The Bamin sow and the Bake summer boar which are generated by hybridizing the Min pigs serving as basic breeding materials with the Bake summer boar are hybridized again, the black pigs meeting the variety requirements are selected for cross-crossing and fixing, and the new New Jilin black pigs are bred and bred strictly, so that the new Jilin black pigs have the characteristics of high litter size, good meat quality, high lean meat percentage, fast growth and development, meeting the consumption requirements of China and the like.
Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the disclosure of the embodiments, but includes various alternatives and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims of the present patent application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding a new Jilin black pig is characterized by comprising the following steps:
purification and rejuvenation of Min pigs: establishing a Min pig basic group for propagation, and selecting purified Min pigs meeting the requirement;
establishing a breeding basic group: hybridizing the purified Min pig sow with the American Bake summer boar, wherein a hybridized pig individual with a completely black hair color is selected, an F1 group with a clear blood margin is established, the sow in the F1 generation group is selected to be hybridized with the Bake summer boar continuously, an F2 generation group is produced, and a breeding basic group is established;
selecting a breeding core group, selecting 200 sows meeting the requirement from the breeding basic group, forming the breeding core group by 10 boars, combining genome selection from the breeding core group with a conventional breeding technology, and selecting for multiple times to obtain a black pig core group, wherein the new Jilin black pig core group at least comprises 8 groups of same pedigrees, and piglets of the same father belong to the same pedigree;
and (3) generation breeding, namely measuring the growth performance, the reproductive performance, the slaughter performance and the meat quality of the black pigs in the new Jilin, evaluating the appearance, obtaining black pigs meeting the requirements according to the measurement result and the appearance grading condition, and selecting and matching the black pigs meeting the requirements for one generation every year to select the black pigs in the new Jilin meeting the requirements.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the establishing of the breeding ground group comprises:
and (3) determining the meat quality, reproductive performance and adaptability of the pigs in the F2 generation population, selecting the pigs meeting set requirements, and establishing a breeding basic population.
3. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the determination of reproductive performance in the performance determination comprises:
recording the delivery condition and the mating condition of the core group of the Xinjilin black pigs, and evaluating the reproductive performance, wherein the delivery condition comprises total born number, live born number and birth individual weight.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the production performance measurement in the performance measurement includes:
selecting and reserving 2 postsows, 1 boar and 1 fattening pig in each family, and respectively detecting daily gain and feed-weight ratio.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed selection comprises: in the early stage, piglets with unqualified body weight, dysplasia and unmatched litter size and boars with genetic diseases are removed before 30kg of black pigs;
during mating, individuals with no oestrus symptoms, infertility caused by mating and incapability of mating in the excess period are eliminated.
6. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein the mating comprises:
establishing a matching scheme, adopting a random mating matching mode, and controlling entropy mating in the matching process;
and (3) formulating a seed reserving scheme, keeping the same in birth time, feeding conditions and seed selection standards of each generation, carrying out seed selection according to the production performance of the breeding pigs and the whole-sib or half-sib, and carrying out growth and development performance measurement on 2 postsows, 1 boar and 1 fattening pig retained in each family.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the genetic relationship is, from one generation of a year: controlling the content within 25%, and the inbreeding coefficient: 12.5 percent.
8. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shape scoring item includes: variety characteristics, head and neck, back and waist, abdomen, buttocks, limbs, nipple number and quality and reproductive organs; the appearance identification scoring items of the sows of the adult species comprise: basic appearance characteristics, body size, body weight, breast nipple, genetic defects, hooves, etc.; the appearance identification scoring items of the breeding boars comprise: basic appearance characteristics, body size, body weight, genetic defects, and limb hooves.
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| CN114766428A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 禄丰双丰良种猪有限公司 | Breeding method of GBH plateau black pigs |
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| CN114521533B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-12-27 | 山东福藤食品有限公司 | Black pig core group re-selection breeding method |
| CN114667966B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-02-24 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for breeding black pigs by utilizing excellent germplasm resources |
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