CN112005965B - Breeding method and application of rex rabbit specialized maternal line - Google Patents
Breeding method and application of rex rabbit specialized maternal line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method and application of a special maternal line of a rex rabbit, wherein the breeding method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a breeding target of a specialized maternal line which is mainly used for improving reproductive performance; screening rex rabbit groups, and selecting individuals with excellent reproductive performance to establish breeding basic groups; establishing a performance measuring system, and measuring the breeding basic group on time according to the performance measuring system to obtain a performance measuring value of the breeding basic group; formulating a seed selection scheme and a matching scheme according to the performance measured value of the breeding basic group; and (4) performing locked successive breeding on the breeding basic group by using the seed selection scheme and the matching scheme to achieve the breeding target, thus obtaining the special maternal line of the rex rabbit. The breeding method is simple and feasible, the existing strain genetic resources are used, and the reproductive performance of the obtained special rex rabbit maternal line is obviously improved through systematic breeding of 4-5 generations, and the effect of combining ability as the maternal line is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rabbit genetic breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a rex rabbit specialized maternal line and application thereof.
Background
Rex rabbit (also named as rex rabbit) is a precious rabbit for both skin and meat. The rex rabbit is bred by utilizing the hair type mutation of meat rabbits, the covered hair has the typical characteristics of being thin, dense and flat, the fur quality is good, and the market value is high. In 1924, raccoon beaver-colored ricks rabbits were first shown at the international bleb in paris, france to receive a high degree of evaluation by people, and then the ricks rabbits were rapidly spread around the world. As the breeding history of the rex rabbits is short, the genetic basis is narrow, systematic breeding is lacked, and the growth speed and heavy performance of the rex rabbits are low. China is a big country for breeding rex rabbits, a good rex rabbit variety is seriously lacked in production, the production index of the rex rabbits is generally lower than that of meat rabbits by 30% or more at present, and the disadvantages of low production performance and poor breeding benefit of the rex rabbits are obvious under the condition that the fur price is relatively low, so that the rex rabbit industry is continuously atrophied. Because the reproductive capacity, the growth capacity and the fur quality of the rex rabbits have genetic antagonism, the selection of a full-purpose variety with high production performance and high fur quality is difficult. And a complete set system breeding technical strategy is applied, main selection characters are reasonably distributed, different specialized rex rabbit male parent strains and female parent strains are respectively bred, a complete set hybridization breeding system is established, gene complementation potential and hybrid vigor can be integrally exerted, and optimal breeding and production effects are realized. At present, no commercial rex rabbit mating line varieties exist at home and abroad, no report on breeding of the special rex rabbit strains is found, and the advanced and applicable breeding method and successful experience of the special rex rabbit strains are lacked, so that the progress and healthy development of the industry of the rex rabbits in China are restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of a rex rabbit specialized maternal line and application thereof. The method utilizes the mating line theory to breed the special female line of the rex rabbit so as to be convenient for hybridization production with the special male line, and the improvement of the production performance of the rex rabbit becomes a necessary and effective method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding a special maternal line of rex rabbits comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a breeding target of a specialized maternal line which is mainly used for improving reproductive performance;
(2) Screening rex rabbit groups, and selecting individuals with excellent reproductive performance to establish breeding basic groups;
(3) Establishing a performance measuring system, and measuring the breeding basic group on time according to the performance measuring system to obtain a performance measuring value of the breeding basic group;
(4) Formulating a seed selection scheme and a matching scheme according to the performance measured value of the breeding basic group;
(5) And (4) performing locked successive breeding on the breeding basic group by using the seed selection scheme and the matching scheme to achieve the breeding target, thus obtaining the special maternal line of the rex rabbit.
Further, in the step (1), the breeding objectives include number born alive, litter weight at 3 weeks of age, and number of weaned litter at 5 weeks of age.
Furthermore, the litter size of the born animals is more than or equal to 8.2, the weight of 3-week-old litter is more than or equal to 2.4kg, and the weaning number of 5-week-old litter is more than or equal to 7.8.
Further, in the step (2), the genetic source of the rex rabbit population is the American rex rabbit or the excellent population cultivated by taking the American rex rabbit as a main breeding material; the scale of the rex rabbit population is as follows: the number of female rabbits is more than or equal to 1200, and the number of male rabbits is more than or equal to 300.
Further, the minimum production performance requirements of the breeding base population are: the number born alive is more than or equal to 7, the weight of 3-week-old litter is more than or equal to 2kg, and the number of weaning is more than or equal to 6.5.
Furthermore, the individuals with excellent reproductive performance are sorted from high to low according to female breeding rabbit indexes and male breeding rabbit indexes, the former 300 female rabbits are selected and reserved, and the former 50 male rabbits are selected and reserved as breeding basic groups.
Further, the breeding female rabbit index evaluation protocol is as follows: continuously reproducing 3 fetuses from the first fetus by adopting a 42-day reproduction mode, measuring and recording the number born alive, the weight of a newborn litter, the weight of a 3-week-old litter and the number of weaning, and then calculating the index of the female rabbit according to the weight weighting of 0.2/0.2/0.4/0.2 after standardizing the 4 indexes. The breeding male rabbit index evaluation scheme is as follows: if a pedigree exists, calculating the index of the male breeding rabbit by using the average reproductive performance of the holomorphic as the reproductive performance of the male breeding rabbit according to the production performance scheme of the female breeding rabbit; if the pedigree is not available, the weight of the breeding male rabbit is taken as the index of the breeding male rabbit.
Further, in step (3), the performance measurement system comprises the following measurement properties: litter size, litter size and litter weight; litter weight 3 weeks old; the number of weaning individuals in the litter, the weight of the weaning litter and the weight of weaning individuals; individual weight, body type score, fur score and reproductive development score at 13 weeks of age; individual weight, body type score, fur score and reproductive development score at 17 weeks of age; individual weight, body type score, coat score, foot coat hair score and quilt hair length at 23 weeks of age; ejaculation volume, semen comprehensive scoring and the amount of semen which can be prepared after dilution.
Further, the semen comprehensive score, the body type score, the fur score, the reproductive development score and the sole hair score are uniformly trained by professional technicians, breeders and fur dealers, and are evaluated in 10 grades.
Furthermore, young rabbits need to be registered in a weaning link, and the ear number is formed by 6 digits in an ear pricking mode, wherein the 1 st digit is a strain number, the 2 nd to 3 rd digits are a year and month, and the last 3 th digit is a serial number. The general process of weaning ear size is as follows: weighing the whole nest, and measuring and recording the weight of the weaning nest and the number of weaning nests; identifying the sex; weighing the individuals; ear thorn punching; the ear number, father number, mother number, sex, date of birth, date of weaning and weight of weaning individuals of the individual are recorded in the measurement.
Further, in the step (4), the seed selection scheme is as follows: analyzing and calculating the performance measured value of the breeding basic group by using an optimal linear unbiased prediction method to obtain a character breeding value; standardizing the character breeding value to obtain a standardized breeding value; calculating selection indexes for the standardized breeding values according to different weights, and selecting and reserving the selection indexes preferentially according to the selection indexes; the matching scheme is homogeneous matching for avoiding inbreeding.
Further, the trait breeding value comprises a growth trait, a coat trait breeding value, and a reproduction trait breeding value; the selection indexes comprise a weaning selection index, a 13-week-old selection index, a 17-week-old selection index and a 23-week-old selection index, and the preferred seed reserving amounts are respectively 400%,200%,150% and 120% or more.
Further, the fixed effects in the statistical model of the growth character and coat character breeding value comprise sex, number of fetuses, season of year and generation, and the random effects comprise individual additive genetic effects and maternal additive genetic effects; the statistical model fixed effect of the breeding value of the propagation character comprises the number of births, the number of seasons and the generation, and the random effect comprises the individual additive genetic effect and the nest effect.
Further, the statistical model of the growth trait breeding value and the fur trait breeding value is as follows:
y＝Xb+Za+Wm+e
wherein:
y: vector of observed value for each growth trait
b: fixed effect vector including sex, fetal time, season, generation
a: random effect, individual additive genetic effect vector
m: random effect, additive genetic effect of the mother
e: residual effect vector
X and Z are respectively corresponding effect matrixes
The model adopted by the reproductive traits is as follows: y = Xb + Z1a+Z2c+e
Wherein:
y: vector of observed value for each growth trait
b: fixed effect vector including fetal number, annual season and generation
a: random effect, individual additive genetic effect vector
c: random effect, pit effect vector, expressed as mother-fetal combination
e: residual effect vector
X and Z are respectively corresponding effect matrixes
The above model assumes the preconditions: e (y) = X β, E (E) =0,
Cov(a,m)＝Aσam。
further, the weaning selection index comprises the weight of the trait as: the weight of litter size born alive is 0.2, the weight of litter size born at birth is 0.1,3 weeks old is 0.2, the weight of litter size weaned at litter is 0.2, and the weight of individual weaning is 0.1; the 13-week-old selection index comprises the characters with the weight of 0.3 for born and alive, 0.1 for 3-week-old litter size, 0.2 for 13-week-old individual weight, 0.1 for body type score, 0.2 for fur score and 0.1 for reproductive development score; the 17-week-old selection index comprises the following traits by weight: the weight of the litter size of born alive is 0.3, the weight of the litter size of 3 weeks old is 0.1, the weight of the individual weight of 17 weeks old is 0.2, the weight of the body type score is 0.1, the weight of the fur score is 0.1, and the weight of the reproductive development score is 0.2; the 23-week-old selection index comprises the following traits by weight: litter size at 0.3,3 weeks of age was weighted 0.1, litter size at weaning was weighted 0.2, individual at 23 weeks of age was weighted 0.1, body type score was weighted 0.1, coat score was weighted 0.1, and foot coat score was weighted 0.1.
In the further stages, reserve rabbits with ill diseases, poor sanitary conditions and unsuitable use are selected and discarded actively, including but not limited to the following cases: respiratory diseases such as rhinitis, digestive tract diseases such as diarrhea, skin diseases such as acarid, fungus and staphylococcus infection, genetic defect diseases such as keratitis, splayed leg and ivory, phenotypes such as needle hair, gunhair, hair unevenness, density difference and weeping ear, trauma and the like.
After further 23 weeks of selection, no selection was performed, but female rabbits unsuitable for breeding were actively rejected, including but not limited to the following cases: ill or sanitary conditions, infertility of head and fetus, litter, poor lactation, and seized or trampled young rabbits.
Further, in the step (5), the locking successive transfer breeding generation is more than or equal to 4, and the population average inbred coefficient is controlled to be 3-7%.
Further, the breeding rabbits are 25 weeks old in initial mating, produced according to a 42-day breeding mode, continuously bred into 4 fetuses, reserved in the 2 nd to 4 th fetuses and spaced by about 1 year in generation; very few particularly excellent individuals allow for the generation overlap; in the generation breeding process, the average seed reserving rate of the female rabbits in the core group is about 10 percent, the corresponding selection intensity is 1.75, the average seed reserving rate of the male rabbits in the core group is about 2 to 3 percent, and the corresponding selection intensity is 2.42.
The breeding method is applied to breeding of the obtained rex rabbit specialized maternal line.
Optimal linear unbiased prediction method (BLUP): a prediction of a random effect (e.g., an individual breeding value) is said to be the best linear unbiased prediction if it has statistical properties such as linearity (the predictor is a linear function of the sample's observed value), unbiased (the mathematical expectation of the predictor is equal to the mathematical expectation of the random effect itself), and minimal variance of the prediction error. This method was originally proposed by american scholars in the early 50 s of the 20 th century. Since the 70 s, the method is widely applied to the improvement of cattle and becomes a conventional method for estimating the breed number of cattle and livestock in most countries, and in the middle and later stages of the 80 s, some countries begin to apply the method to the genetic evaluation of pigs, so that the speed of genetic improvement is greatly improved. At present, the method becomes a standard genetic evaluation method in the breeding world at home and abroad.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method for breeding the special maternal line of the rex rabbit comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a breeding target of a specialized maternal line which is mainly used for improving reproductive performance; screening rex rabbit groups, and selecting individuals with excellent reproductive performance to construct breeding basic groups; establishing a performance measuring system, and measuring the breeding basic group on time according to the performance measuring system to obtain a performance measuring value of the breeding basic group; formulating a seed selection scheme and a matching scheme according to the performance measured value of the breeding basic group; and (3) carrying out locked subculture breeding on the breeding basic group by utilizing the seed selection scheme and the matching scheme to achieve the breeding target, thus obtaining the special maternal line of the rex rabbit. The method is simple and easy to implement, the existing strain genetic resources are used, the breeding performance of the special female parent line of the rex rabbit is obviously improved through the systematic breeding of 4-5 generations, the population is neat, and the effect of combining ability as the female parent is obvious. The general production performance of the specialized mother line can reach: the number born alive is more than or equal to 8.2, the weight of 3-week-old nests is more than or equal to 2.4kg, and the number of 5-week-old weaned nests is more than or equal to 7.8. The production performance of the hybrid is as follows: the number born alive is more than or equal to 8.8, the litter weight of 3 weeks is more than or equal to 2.6kg, the number weaned at 5 weeks is more than or equal to 8.2, and the individual weight weaned at 5 weeks is more than or equal to 750 g.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a breeding method of a rex rabbit specialized maternal line, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a breeding target of a specialized maternal line which is mainly used for improving reproductive performance; the breeding targets are that the number of live litters is more than or equal to 8.2, the weight of 3-week-old litters is more than or equal to 2.4kg, and the weaning number of 5-week-old litters is more than or equal to 7.8.
(2) Screening rex rabbit groups, selecting individuals with excellent reproductive performance to establish breeding basic groups: the genetic source of the rex rabbit population is American rex rabbits which have excellent reproductive performance and are subjected to locked breeding within three years; the minimum production performance requirement of the breeding basic group is as follows: the number born alive is more than or equal to 7, the weight of 3-week-old nests is more than or equal to 2kg, and the number of weaning is more than or equal to 6.5; the size of the population is: the number of female rabbits is more than or equal to 1200, and the number of male rabbits is more than or equal to 300; the individuals with excellent reproductive performance are sorted from high to low according to female rabbit breeding indexes and male rabbit breeding indexes, the former 300 female rabbits are selected and the former 50 male rabbits are selected and reserved as breeding basic groups; the female rabbit index evaluation protocol was as follows: continuously reproducing 3 fetuses from the first fetus by adopting a 42-day reproduction mode, measuring and recording the number born alive, the weight of a newborn litter, the weight of a 3-week-old litter and the number of weaning, and then calculating the index of the female rabbit according to the weight weighting of 0.2/0.2/0.4/0.2 after standardizing the 4 indexes. The male rabbit index evaluation protocol was as follows: if a pedigree exists, calculating the index of the male breeding rabbit by using the average reproductive performance of the holomorphic as the reproductive performance of the male breeding rabbit according to the production performance scheme of the female breeding rabbit; if the pedigree does not exist, the weight of the breeding male rabbit is taken as the index of the breeding male rabbit.
(3) Establishing a performance measuring system, and measuring the breeding basic group on time according to the performance measuring system to obtain a performance measuring value of the breeding basic group; the performance assay system comprises the following assay traits: litter size, litter size and litter weight; litter weight 3 weeks old; the number of weaning individuals in the litter, the weight of the weaning litter and the weight of weaning individuals; individual weight, body type score, fur score and reproductive development score at 13 weeks of age; individual weight, body type score, fur score and reproductive development score at 17 weeks of age; individual weight, body type score, coat score, foot coat hair score and quilt hair length at 23 weeks of age; ejaculatory amount, semen comprehensive scoring and the amount of the diluted semen; and the semen comprehensive score, the body type score, the fur score, the reproductive development score and the foot sole hair score are evaluated by 10 grades.
(4) Formulating a seed selection scheme and a matching scheme according to the performance measured value of the breeding basic group; the seed selection scheme is as follows: analyzing and calculating the performance measured value of the breeding basic group by using an optimal linear unbiased prediction method to obtain a character breeding value; standardizing the character breeding value to obtain a standardized breeding value; calculating selection indexes for the standardized breeding values according to different weights, and selecting and reserving according to the selection indexes; the character breeding value comprises a growth character breeding value, a fur character breeding value and a reproduction character breeding value; the selection index comprises a weaning selection index, a 13-week-old selection index, a 17-week-old selection index, and a 23-week-old selection index; the preferred seed reserving amounts are respectively 400%,200%,150%,120% or more of the core group;
the statistical model of the growth character and coat character breeding value is y = Xb + Za + Wm + e, y is an observed value vector of each growth character, the fixed effect b comprises gender, fetal number, season and generation, the random effect a is an individual additive genetic effect, the random effect m is a parent additive genetic effect, e is a residual effect vector, and X and Z are corresponding effect matrixes respectively;
the statistical model of the breeding value of the propagation character is y = Xb + Z1a+Z2c + e, y is an observed value vector of each growth trait, the fixed effect b comprises a fetal number, a year and a generation, the random effect a is an individual additive genetic effect, the random effect c is a pit effect and is expressed by a mother-fetal number combination, e is a residual effect vector, and X and Z are corresponding effect matrixes respectively;
the statistical model of the growth character and fur character breeding value and the statistical model of the propagation character breeding value are as follows: e (y) = X β, E (E) =0,
Cov(a,m)＝Aσam；
the weight of the weaning selection index containing traits is as follows: the weight of litter size born alive is 0.2, the weight of litter size born at birth is 0.1,3 weeks old is 0.2, the weight of litter size weaned at litter is 0.2, and the weight of individual weaning is 0.1; the 13-week-old selection index comprises the weight of characters, namely the weight of the litter size of born and alive is 0.3, the weight of the litter size of 3 weeks is 0.1, the weight of the individual weight of 13 weeks is 0.2, the weight of body type score is 0.1, the weight of fur score is 0.2, and the weight of reproductive development score is 0.1; the 17-week-old selection index comprises the following traits by weight: the weight of the number born alive is 0.3, the weight of the litter weight at 3 weeks of age is 0.1, the weight of the individual weight at 17 weeks of age is 0.2, the weight of the body type score is 0.1, the weight of the fur score is 0.1, and the weight of the reproductive development score is 0.2; the 23-week-old selection index comprises the following traits by weight: the weight of litter size born is 0.3, the weight of litter size at 3 weeks of age is 0.1, the weight of litter size weaning is 0.2, the weight of individual weight at 23 weeks of age is 0.1, the weight of body type score is 0.1, the weight of fur score is 0.1, and the weight of foot bottom hair score is 0.1;
the matching scheme is homogeneous matching for avoiding inbreeding.
(5) Carrying out locked successive breeding on the breeding basic group by using the seed selection scheme and the matching scheme, wherein the generation of the locked successive breeding is more than or equal to 4, and the average inbreeding coefficient of the group is controlled to be 3-7%; the initial mating age of the breeding rabbits in the closed subculture breeding is 25 weeks, the breeding rabbits are produced according to a 42-day breeding mode, 4 fetuses are continuously bred, the seeds are reserved in the 2 nd to 4 th fetuses, and the generation interval is about 1 year; very elite individuals allow for generation overlap; in the locked subculture breeding, the average seed reserving rate of the female rex rabbits in the core group is about 10%, the corresponding selection strength is 1.75, the average seed reserving rate of the male rex rabbits in the core group is about 2% -3%, the corresponding selection strength is 2.42, the breeding target is achieved, and the special female rex rabbit line is obtained.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a breeding method of a rex rabbit specialized maternal line, which comprises the following steps:
in a breeding field of Shandong Baicao rabbit industry development Limited, a basic group is established in 2012, and a Rex rabbit specialized maternal line A (hereinafter referred to as A line) is bred in 1 generation of 1 year, wherein the breeding process of the A line is as follows:
breeding target of line A: specialization of maternal line, maternal line female parent, white quilt hair, hair length 1.8-2.0cm; the quilt has dense and flat capillaries, short hairs, smooth hand feeling, low coarse hair content, full and thick sole covered by the hairs, and no individual with rough hairs, thick hairs and uneven hairs; the number born alive is more than or equal to 8.2, the weight of 3-week-old litter is more than or equal to 2.4kg, and the number of 5-week-old weaning is more than or equal to 7.8.
A, establishing a breeding basic group: 200 (160/40) beaver rabbit species are introduced from a rabbit breeding field of an agricultural academy of Jiangsu province in 2005 by the company. During 2005-2012, this rabbit population was kept bred locked, with pedigree and partial productivity recordings. 1500 young rabbits, 1200 female rabbits and 300 male rabbits, were registered with cumulative ear numbers in the 2 nd and 3 rd nests of the American rex rabbit population from 3 months of 2012. The standby rabbits are finally selected to be bred and produced by 800 female rabbits and 100 male rabbits at the age of 6 months according to the health condition, the quality of the hair and the weight of the hair during the weaning to mating stage. After all the replacement rabbits in 12 months in 2012 are 6-7 months old, estrus is synchronously adopted, 3 fetuses are continuously bred according to a 42-day breeding mode, the number of born alive piglets, the weight of newborn litter, the weight of 3-week-old litter and the number of weaned individuals are measured and recorded, and then the 4 indexes are standardized and weighted according to the weight of 0.2/0.2/0.4/0.2 to calculate the index of the female parent rabbit. And calculating the breeding male rabbit index according to a female rabbit index calculation method by using the average reproductive performance of the holomorphic as the reproductive performance of the breeding male rabbits. According to the sequence of female rabbit breeding indexes and male rabbit breeding indexes from high to low, the former 300 female rabbits are selected and reserved, and the former 30 male rabbits are selected and reserved as a 0 generation breeding basic group of the A line.
A is updated from generation 0 to generation 1: after the 0 generation breeding basic group is built, all female rabbits hang female rabbit cards, the breeding is pure by adopting a mode of estrus synchronization and artificial insemination, inbreeding is avoided, and 10-15 female rabbits are matched with each male rabbit.
According to the matching scheme, field insemination is completed, after matching is completed, matching information is filled in the female rabbit card according to the actual matching execution condition, and the matching information at least comprises the matching date, the male rabbit and the like. On the 12 th day after mating, all the mating female rabbits were fettled, and the pregnancy was filled in to the mating female rabbit card.
Delivering after 30-32 days after mating, and timely measuring and recording the information such as the number born, the number born alive, the weight of newborn nest, the fostering and the like; 7-8 head fetuses are selected and reserved in each nest, 8-9 head fetuses are reserved behind the head fetuses, and 10 individual female characters can be reserved; when the litter size is less than or equal to 6, the litter weight of 3 weeks, the weight of weaning litter and the number of weaning individuals are measured. The birth date of the newborn rabbit is based on the mating date plus 31 days.
Weaning measurements and baby rabbit enrollment were completed at 5 weeks of age of baby rabbits, the general flow of weaning measurements being: (1) weighing the whole nest, and measuring and recording the weight of the weaning nest and the number of weaning nests; (2) identifying the sex; (3) weighing the individual; (4) punching ear numbers; (5) the individual's ear number, father number, mother number, sex, date of birth, date of weaning, and weight of weaned individuals were recorded. When the ear number is marked, the whole nest is eliminated under the following conditions: closing the nest; mastitis of female rabbits; the young rabbit suffers from diseases of digestive tract, respiratory tract and skin; the average weight of the young rabbits is lower than 500g. Except for the above, all young rabbits need to be registered with a hired number. And calculating selection indexes of all characters at the stage, and selecting and reserving 50% according to the indexes. Generally, rex rabbits are slaughtered after 13 weeks of age, the selection at the stage only reduces the workload of measurement at 13 weeks of age, and if no special reason exists, the selection can be omitted at the stage, and the whole group measurement is carried out at 13 weeks of age.
And (3) measuring and recording the individual weight, the body type score, the fur score and the reproductive development score at 13 weeks of age, calculating a selection index, selecting and reserving 25% of female rabbits and 10% of male rabbits if the weaning measurement is not selected, continuously selecting and reserving 50% of female rabbits and 20% of male rabbits if the weaning measurement is selected and reserved.
And (4) measuring and recording the individual weight, the body type score, the fur score and the reproductive development score at the age of 17 weeks, calculating a selection index, continuously selecting and reserving 50% for female rabbits and 20% for male rabbits.
And (4) measuring and recording individual weight, body type score, fur score, sole hair score and quilt hair length at the age of 23 weeks, calculating a selection index, continuously selecting and keeping 80% for female rabbits and 80% for male rabbits.
After the determination of 23 weeks, the male rabbits and the female rabbits are respectively transferred to a male rabbit shed and a female rabbit shed for preparation of breeding production, male rabbits with poor sexual desire and poor semen quality are actively eliminated in the process, and the following female rabbits which are not suitable for breeding are actively eliminated: ill or sanitary conditions; infertility of the head and fetus; laying the cage bottom; no padding; poor lactation; and (4) biting or treading dead baby rabbits.
The selection and retention of the breeding rabbits of the next generation can be completed by 3-4 fetuses according to the above process, and the updating of other generations is similar to the above process, and is not described again. In 2018, the A line has completed 5 generations of breeding, and the main reproductive performance of each generation is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 reproductive Performance
In 2017, the A line 4 generation female rabbits are hybridized with the bred specialized paternal line R line, and the test results are shown in Table 2, which shows that the A line is suitable for hybrid production and has remarkable heterosis.
TABLE 2 indexes of filial generation
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A selective breeding method of a rex rabbit specialized maternal line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing a breeding target of a specialized maternal line which is mainly used for improving reproductive performance;
(2) Screening rex rabbit groups, and selecting individuals with excellent reproductive performance to establish breeding basic groups;
(3) Establishing a performance measuring system, and measuring the breeding basic group on time according to the performance measuring system to obtain a performance measuring value of the breeding basic group;
(4) Formulating a seed selection scheme and a matching scheme according to the performance measured value of the breeding basic group;
(5) Carrying out locked successive transfer breeding on the breeding basic group by utilizing the seed selection scheme and the matching scheme to achieve the breeding target, thus obtaining the special maternal line of the rex rabbit;
in the step (1), the breeding targets are that the number of live births is more than or equal to 8.2, the weight of 3-week-old nests is more than or equal to 2.4kg, and the number of weaning in 5-week-old nests is more than or equal to 7.8;
in the step (2), the genetic source of the rex rabbit population is the American rex rabbit or an excellent population cultured by taking the American rex rabbit as a main breeding material; the minimum production performance requirement of the breeding basic group is as follows: the number born alive is more than or equal to 7, the weight of 3-week-old litter is more than or equal to 2kg, and the number of weaning is more than or equal to 6.5; the scale of the breeding basic group is as follows: the number of female rabbits is more than or equal to 1200, and the number of male rabbits is more than or equal to 300;
the individuals with excellent reproductive performance are sorted from high to low according to female rabbit breeding indexes and male rabbit breeding indexes, the former 300 female rabbits are selected and reserved, and the former 50 male rabbits are selected and reserved as breeding basic groups;
the breeding female rabbit index evaluation scheme is as follows: continuously breeding 3 fetuses from the first fetus by adopting a 42-day breeding mode, measuring and recording the live litter size, the weight of the newborn litter, the weight of 3-week-old litter and the weaning number, and calculating the index of the female rabbit according to the weight weighting of 0.2/0.2/0.4/0.2 after standardizing the 4 indexes; the breeding male rabbit index evaluation scheme is as follows: if a pedigree exists, calculating the index of the male breeding rabbit according to the production performance scheme of the female rabbit by using the average reproduction performance of the holomorphs as the reproduction performance of the male breeding rabbit; if the pedigree does not exist, taking the weight of the breeding male rabbit as the index of the breeding male rabbit;
in the step (3), the performance measurement system comprises the following measurement properties: litter size, litter size and litter weight; litter weight 3 weeks old; the number of weaning individuals in the litter, the weight of the weaning litter and the weight of weaning individuals; individual weight, body type score, fur score and reproductive development score at 13 weeks of age; individual weight, body type score, fur score and reproductive development score at 17 weeks of age; individual weight, body type score, coat score, sole hair score and quilt hair length at 23 weeks of age; ejaculatory amount, semen comprehensive scoring and the amount of the diluted semen; the semen comprehensive score, the body shape score, the fur score, the reproductive development score and the foot sole hair score are evaluated by 10 grades;
in the step (4), the seed selection scheme is as follows: analyzing and calculating the performance measured value of the breeding basic group by using an optimal linear unbiased prediction method to obtain a character breeding value; standardizing the character breeding value to obtain a standardized breeding value; calculating selection indexes for the standardized breeding values according to different weights, and selecting and reserving the selection indexes preferentially according to the selection indexes; the matching scheme is homogeneous matching for avoiding inbreeding;
the character breeding value comprises a growth character breeding value, a fur character breeding value and a reproduction character breeding value; the selection index comprises a weaning selection index, a 13-week-old selection index, a 17-week-old selection index, and a 23-week-old selection index; the preferred seed reserving amounts are respectively 400%,200%,150% and 120% of the core group;
the statistical model of the growth character and fur character breeding value is y = Xb + Za + Wm + e, y is an observed value vector of each growth character, the fixed effect b comprises sex, fetal number, year and generation, the random effect a is an individual additive genetic effect, the random effect m is a parent additive genetic effect, e is a residual error effect vector, and X and Z are corresponding effect matrixes respectively;
the statistical model of the breeding value of the reproductive trait is y = Xb + Z1a+Z2c + e, y are observed value vectors of each growth trait, the fixed effect b comprises the number of births, the season of the year and the generation, the random effect a is an individual additive genetic effect, the random effect c is a nest effect and is expressed by a mother-number combination, e is a residual effect vector, and X and Z are corresponding effect matrixes respectively;
the statistical model of the growth character and fur character breeding value and the statistical model of the breeding character breeding value have the following hypothesis: e (y) = X β, E (E) =0,
Cov(a,m)＝Aσam。
2. the breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the weaning selection index comprises a weight of traits as: the weight of litter size born alive is 0.2, the weight of litter size born at birth is 0.1,3 weeks old is 0.2, the weight of litter size weaned at litter is 0.2, and the weight of individual weaning is 0.1; the 13-week-old selection index comprises the weight of characters, namely the weight of the litter size of born and alive is 0.3, the weight of the litter size of 3 weeks is 0.1, the weight of the individual weight of 13 weeks is 0.2, the weight of body type score is 0.1, the weight of fur score is 0.2, and the weight of reproductive development score is 0.1; the 17-week-old selection index comprises the following traits by weight: the weight of the number born alive is 0.3, the weight of the litter weight at 3 weeks of age is 0.1, the weight of the individual weight at 17 weeks of age is 0.2, the weight of the body type score is 0.1, the weight of the fur score is 0.1, and the weight of the reproductive development score is 0.2; the 23-week-old selection index comprises the following traits by weight: the weight of litter size at birth was 0.3, the weight of litter size at 3 weeks of age was 0.1, the weight of litter size at weaning was 0.2, the weight of individual weight at 23 weeks of age was 0.1, the weight of body type score was 0.1, the weight of fur score was 0.1, and the weight of foot bottom hair score was 0.1.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the generation of the locked successive transfer breeding is more than or equal to 4, and the population average inbred coefficient is controlled to be 3-7%; the initial mating age of the breeding rabbits in the closed subculture breeding is 25 weeks, the breeding rabbits are produced according to a 42-day breeding mode, 4 fetuses are continuously bred, the seeds are reserved in the 2 nd to 4 th fetuses, and the generation interval is about 1 year; very elite individuals allow for generation overlap; in the closed subculture breeding, the average seed reserving rate of the female rabbits in the core group is 10%, the corresponding selection strength is 1.75, the average seed reserving rate of the male rabbits in the core group is 2% -3%, and the corresponding selection strength is 2.42.
4. The use of a rex rabbit specialized maternal line bred according to the breeding method of any one of claims 1-3 in breeding.
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