CN109479812B - Method for evaluating comprehensive fertility of sow and application of method in pig breeding - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the comprehensive fertility of sows and application of the method in pig breeding. The invention introduces a new maternal index to evaluate the fertility of the sow; the new maternal index is composed of weight of 30%, 30% and 10% respectively for correcting day age by 100kg body weight, back fat thickness by 100kg body weight, total litter size and piglet birth weight average uniformity; for replacement gilts, all the sows with the new maternal index lower than 100 are eliminated, and then the sows with low comprehensive fecundity are eliminated according to the nipple number and the appearance standard; for multiparous sows, comprehensive fertility evaluation is carried out on the sows according to total litter size, lactation power and new maternal index. The method for evaluating the comprehensive fertility of the sows can eliminate sows with poor reproductive performance and poor lactation performance in time, maintain the high-level reproductive performance and lactation performance of core group sows, accelerate the genetic progress and phenotypic progress of groups, and improve the production level and the profit level of a breeding farm and a radiation propagation sow farm thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sow breeding and population breeding, in particular to a comprehensive evaluation method for the reproductive capacity and the offspring production performance of sows and application thereof in pig breeding and production.
Background
At present, in the genetic evaluation of breeding pigs in China, comprehensive selection indexes, namely a paternal Index and a maternal Index, are mainly used, wherein the maternal Index (Dam Line Index, DLI) is used for selecting and reserving the large white pigs, and the growth and reproductive performance of the large white pigs are simultaneously considered, so that the maternal Index comprises three characters of AGE (AGE) corrected by 100kg of body weight, back fat thickness (BF) corrected by 100kg of body weight and Total Number Born (TNB). In recent years, after the research of expert groups of national boar genetic evaluation centers and the solicitation of opinions of various pig enterprises, the relative importance of correcting the day age of 100kg body weight and correcting the back fat thickness in the paternal index from 2014 to the weighted provision of various properties in the comprehensive selection index is respectively determined as 70% and 30%; in the maternal index, the relative importance of day age corrected for 100kg body weight, backfat thickness corrected for 100kg body weight and litter size is respectively determined as 30%, 10% and 60%, and the calculation formula of the maternal index is as follows:
maternal index (DLI):
wherein, EBVAGECorrected day-old Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) for up to 100kg body weight, EBVBFCorrection of estimated Back fat thickness for Up to 100kg body weight, EBVTNBFor estimated breeding value, σ, of total litter sizeA(AGE)Correction of standard deviation of breeding value, sigma, for day-old up to 100kg body weightA(BF)Standard deviation of value of breeding, sigma, for correcting backfat thickness up to 100kg body weightA(TNB)Additive genetic standard deviation, σ, for gross litter size(ID)Is IDStandard deviation of (2).
The weight (60%) occupied by the reproductive traits in this index is composed of only the total litter size traits. The total litter size can only reflect the litter size of the sow, the total litter size character has certain genetic progress along with the selection of the character, meanwhile, the birth weight of the piglet is reduced along with the improvement of the total litter size, the birth weight average uniformity of the piglet is worse and worse, and the death rate of the piglet is increased.
Piglet birth weight average uniformity is used to describe the degree of variation in their birth weight of the same litter, and is usually expressed as the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the birth weight of the same litter. Literature research shows that positive genetic correlation exists between piglet birth weight average evenness and total litter size and litter size of dead birth, so that in the breeding link of sow production, the genetic progress of the total litter size cannot be pursued, and the piglet birth weight average evenness needs to be properly considered so as to reduce piglet mortality and improve the annual productivity of the sow to the maximum extent.
Along with the increase of the total number born of the sows, the lactation capacity of the sows influences the growth and development of piglets. Therefore, the breeding of the sow with better lactation capacity is very important. The evaluation of the comprehensive fertility of the sows has an extremely important auxiliary effect on maintaining the high-level reproductive performance of core group sows and accelerating the population genetic progress and phenotype progress, however, the deviation of the evaluation result in the evaluation of the comprehensive fertility of the sows is caused because the primary weight-average uniformity of piglets and the lactation capacity of the sows are not considered in the conventional method for evaluating the fertility of the sows, and some sows with lower primary weight-average uniformity of the piglets cannot be eliminated in time, so that the produced piglets have higher mortality rate easily, the production cost of a pig farm is increased, the overall production level of the pig farm is not improved, and the population genetic progress and the phenotype progress are not accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a more scientific and high-reliability method for evaluating the comprehensive fertility of sows, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide application of the evaluation method in breeding of the pure-breed maternal sows.
The invention provides an evaluation method of comprehensive fertility of sows, which comprehensively evaluates the comprehensive fertility of the sows by using a new maternal index (NDLI), a lactation score, a total farrowing number, an appearance standard and the like, wherein the new maternal index is formed by respectively weighing 30%, 30% and 10% of four characters of 100kg of body weight corrected day age, 100kg of body weight corrected backfat thickness, total farrowing number and piglet birth weight average evenness. And if the sow to be evaluated is a replacement sow, selecting and reserving the new maternal index NDLI and the appearance standard.
The calculation formula of the new maternal index NDLI is as follows:
wherein, EBVAGECorrection of estimated growth value for day-old to 100kg body weight, EBVBFCorrection of estimated Back fat thickness for Up to 100kg body weight, EBVTNBEBV being the estimated breeding value of the total litter sizeCVEstimated breeding value, sigma, for piglet birth weight average uniformityA(AGE)Correction of standard deviation of breeding value, sigma, for day-old up to 100kg body weightA(BF)Standard deviation of value of breeding, sigma, for correcting backfat thickness up to 100kg body weightA(TNB)Additive genetic standard deviation, σ, for gross litter sizeA(CV)Additive genetic standard deviation, sigma, of weight average uniformity for newborn piglets(ID)Is IDStandard deviation of (2).
According to the invention, the comprehensive reproductive capacity of pigs is selected and retained according to a new comprehensive index, and the comprehensive index comprises three properties of 100kg body weight corrected day age, 100kg body weight corrected back fat thickness and total litter size, which are currently used in the national pig genetic improvement plan (2009-2020), and also comprises a piglet birth weight average uniformity property. The calculation of the nascent weight average evenness adopts a repetitive force model:
CV＝HYS+Parity+perm+animal+error
wherein: CV is pigletPrimary weight average uniformity; HYS is the comprehensive system environmental effect of the pigsty, the year and the season of the sow during farrowing; parity is the fetal fixed effect; perm is a random permanent environmental effect affecting the litter size of multiple births of the same sow; animal is the random additive genetic effect of animal individual, namely breeding value,
the error is a random error that is,
furthermore, the lactation evaluation criteria of the evaluation method of the invention on multiparous sows are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 different lactation force scoring criteria for sows
| Lactation score | Scoring criteria |
| 1 | Poor lactation, insufficient milk and poor ability of carrying young, |
| 2 | has good lactation performance, moderate milk and general ability of carrying young, |
| 3 | strong lactation capacity, sufficient milk and strong ability to carry young. |
On the other hand, for replacement gilts, if the new maternal index (NDLI) is lower than 100, the comprehensive fertility of the gilts is low, and the gilts are eliminated;
if the new maternal index is more than or equal to 100, and the sow with low comprehensive fecundity is eliminated according to the appearance standard, the effective nipples are less than or equal to 7 pairs, the nipples are not uniformly distributed, the nipples are too small, the vulva is small, the front and back legs are twisted (such as X-shaped legs, and the tarsal joints face towards the inner sides), the comprehensive fecundity of the sow is low, and the sow is eliminated (any appearance characteristic is eliminated).
Preferably, for multiparous sows, comprehensive fertility evaluation is carried out on the sows according to total litter size, lactation power and new maternal index, and the criteria of low comprehensive fertility and need to be eliminated are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 elimination criteria for multiparous sows
Remarking: in each jig, the jig is eliminated according to any one or more elimination standards.
More preferably, the evaluation method of the present invention further comprises evaluating that sows which have had no heat or have had miscarriage of unknown origin in 2 consecutive estrus are low-fecundity sows, and that such sows, once found, are eliminated.
The invention provides application of the evaluation method in breeding sows with good comprehensive reproductive capacity and high uniformity of offspring pigs.
The invention provides application of the evaluation method in maintaining high-level reproductive performance and lactation performance of core group sows and accelerating population genetic progress and phenotype progress.
The invention provides application of the evaluation method in improving the production level of a breeding farm or a radiation propagation sow farm.
The invention provides the method which is suitable for the seed selection of the maternal sows in commercial pig breeding farms in China and is suitable for the breeding and the selective breeding of the maternal pigs such as the big white pigs, the long white pigs and the like.
Compared with the prior breeding technology utilizing maternal index, the invention has the following advantages: (1) the method firstly grades the multiparous sows according to the lactation force scores, eliminates the sows with poor lactation force level, ensures the lactation amount of the sows after childbirth and the growth and development of piglets, and can improve the survival rate of the piglets and the number of commercial piglets (MSY) in the piggery for the annual marketing. (2) In the new maternal index (NDLI), the composition of the reproductive trait part is richer, and the reproductive trait part not only contains the total litter size trait but also contains the piglet uniformity trait. The index can more comprehensively balance the reproductive capacity level of the maternal pigs, so that the bred maternal pigs have the characteristics of higher litter size and better piglet uniformity. (3) According to the method, the sows with poor reproductive performance can be eliminated rapidly in time by strictly eliminating and selecting every birth of the sows according to the lactation force score, the new maternal index and the total number born of the sows, the high-level reproductive performance and lactation performance of core group sows are maintained, the heredity and phenotype progress of the group is accelerated, and the production level and the profit level of a breeding field and a radiation expanded breeding sow field thereof are finally improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Growth performance measurements were performed on the white sows in the pig farm, and the total litter size of the white sows giving birth, as well as the birth weight of the piglets, were collected and the lactation level of each post-partum sow was scored. And (4) correcting the age per day and the backfat thickness after data are collected, and calculating breeding values of the age per day corrected by the weight of 100kg, the backfat thickness corrected by the weight of 100kg, the total litter size and the birth weight average uniformity character of the piglet. According to the breeding target and the actual situation of a pig farm, weighting each character according to a certain weight to finally obtain a comprehensive selection index (new maternal index, NDLI). And finally, selecting and reserving replacement sows (0-farrowing sows) according to the new maternal index and the appearance standard, and eliminating the farrowing sows (≧ 1 sow) every farrowing according to the lactation score, the total number born and the new maternal index. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (5) carrying out growth performance measurement on the large white pigs meeting the measurement standard. Total litter size of the farrowing sows was collected and each piglet in each litter was weighed and recorded within one day after birth and lactation levels of the farrowing sows were assessed. The scoring criteria for lactation levels were: 1 minute: poor lactation, insufficient milk and poor ability to carry young; and 2, dividing: the lactation ability is good, the milk is moderate, and the ability of carrying young is general; and 3, dividing: strong lactation capacity, sufficient milk and strong ability to carry young.
(2) The age of day and backfat thickness obtained by performance measurement were corrected with reference to the file of national pig genetic evaluation scheme (trial) (station (species) [1000 ]).
The day age correction formula for correcting the weight of 100 kg:
wherein the value of A corresponds to Table 3.
TABLE 3A values corresponding to different breeds of boars and sows
Up to 100kg body weight correction living body backfat thickness correction formula:
wherein the B value corresponds to Table 4.
TABLE 4B values corresponding to different breeds of boars and sows
(3) Calculating breeding value of each character
The growth character analysis adopts a dual-character model, and the model is defined as follows:
AGE/BF＝HYSS+Litter+animal+error
wherein: AGE is 100kg body weight corrected day AGE(ii) a BF is to reach 100kg body weight and correct backfat thickness; HYSS is the combined system environmental effect of the herd, the year, the season of the animal and the sex of the animal when the animal is measured at the age of day and the back fat thickness; litter is the random effect of the nest where the animal individual is born; animal is the random additive genetic effect of animal individual, namely breeding value,
the error is a random error that is,
reproductive traits (total litter size and birth weight coefficient of variation) are analyzed by using a repetitive force model, which is defined as follows:
TNB(CV)＝HYS+Parity+perm+animal+error
wherein: TNB is total number born; CV is piglet birth weight average evenness; HYS is the comprehensive system environmental effect of the pigsty, the year and the season of the sow during farrowing; parity is the fetal fixed effect; perm is a random permanent environmental effect affecting the litter size of multiple births of the same sow; animal is the random additive genetic effect of animal individual, namely breeding value,
the error is a random error that is,
(4) the traits were weighted to 30%, 30% and 10% for 100kg body weight corrected day age, 100kg body weight corrected backfat thickness, total litter size and piglet uniformity, respectively.
The calculation formula of the comprehensive index (new maternal index, NDLI) is as follows:
wherein, EBVAGECorrection of estimated growth value for day-old to 100kg body weight, EBVBFCorrection of estimated Back fat thickness for Up to 100kg body weight, EBVTNBEBV being the estimated breeding value of the total litter sizeCVEstimated breeding value, σ, for piglet uniformityA(AGE)Correction of standard deviation of breeding value, sigma, for day-old up to 100kg body weightA(BF)Standard deviation of value of breeding, sigma, for correcting backfat thickness up to 100kg body weightA(TNB)Additive genetic standard deviation, σ, for gross litter sizeA(CV)Additive genetic standard deviation, sigma, for piglet uniformity(ID)Is IDStandard deviation of (2).
(5) And strictly selecting and retaining the sows of each birth time according to the calculated comprehensive selection index, the lactation level of each birth time of the sows, the total number born (number born alive) and the appearance identification by referring to the elimination standard of the table 2. For replacement gilts, selecting according to a new maternal index (NDLI), eliminating all sow individuals with the new maternal index lower than 100, and then performing second round of elimination according to an appearance standard, wherein the number of eliminated effective nipples is less than or equal to 7; the nipples are not evenly distributed; the nipple is too small; containing blind or inverted nipples; sows with appearance and body type not meeting the standards (such as vulva is too small), front and back leg distortion and the like are eliminated when meeting any standard. For multiparous sows, the elimination was carried out strictly according to the criteria in table 2, while sows with continuous 2 estrus or miscarriages of unknown origin were eliminated.
Comparison of reproductive performance of sows with different lactation scores is shown in table 5 (data from a breeding core). The result shows that the sow with high lactation score has high survival rate and high weight gain of the suckling piglets. The result shows that the lactation performance scoring standard can better reflect the reproductive performance of the sows and provide a standard for the elimination of multiparous sows.
TABLE 5 reproductive phenotype analysis results of sows with different lactation scores
Note: the difference was significant based on duncan multiple comparisons, significance level 0.05.
According to the analysis of the test case, in the elimination scheme of a certain batch of 62 weaned sows, the comprehensive fertility of the sows is comprehensively evaluated by using the comprehensive fertility evaluation method of the sows according to the new maternal index NDLI, the lactation score, the total number born and the appearance standard; selecting replacement gilts (0-farrowing sows) according to the new maternal index and the appearance standard, and evaluating the multiparous sows according to the lactation score, the total farrowing number and the new maternal index. The new maternal index is composed of four traits of up to 100kg body weight corrected day age, up to 100kg body weight corrected backfat thickness, total litter size and piglet birth weight average uniformity by weights of 30%, 30% and 10%, respectively, and 24 sows in total are eliminated according to the calculation results after the weight calculation by the calculation method of each item listed in the above example. According to the original sow elimination strategy (the strategy only considering indexes and farrowing scores), only 14 sows are eliminated. The elimination rate of the sows of the new elimination strategy is improved from 22.6% to 38.7%. As can be seen from the case, the application of the method can accelerate the elimination of the sow with low fertility and accelerate the updating of the sow in the core group.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain modifications and improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. The method for evaluating the comprehensive fertility of the sows is characterized in that the comprehensive fertility of the sows is comprehensively evaluated by using a new maternal index NDLI, a lactation score, a total farrowing number and an appearance standard, wherein the new maternal index is formed by respectively weighing 30%, 30% and 10% of four characters of 100kg body weight corrected day age, 100kg body weight corrected backfat thickness, total farrowing number and piglet birth weight average evenness; if the sow to be evaluated is a replacement sow, selecting and reserving only by using the new maternal index NDLI and the appearance standard; the appearance standard is as follows: effective nipples are less than or equal to 7 pairs, the nipples are not uniformly distributed, the nipples are too small, the vulva is small, the front leg and the rear leg are twisted, any one of the appearance characteristics is appeared, the comprehensive fertility of the sow is low, and the sow is eliminated;
the calculation formula of the new maternal index NDLI is as follows:
wherein, EBVAGECorrection of estimated growth value for day-old to 100kg body weight, EBVBFCorrection of estimated Back fat thickness for Up to 100kg body weight, EBVTNBEBV being the estimated breeding value of the total litter sizeCVEstimated breeding value, sigma, for piglet birth weight average uniformityA(AGE)Correction of standard deviation of breeding value, sigma, for day-old up to 100kg body weightA(BF)Standard deviation of value of breeding, sigma, for correcting backfat thickness up to 100kg body weightA(TNB)Additive genetic standard deviation, σ, for gross litter sizeA(CV)Additive genetic standard deviation, sigma, of weight average uniformity for newborn piglets(ID)Is IDStandard deviation of (2).
2. The evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the piglet birth weight average uniformity calculation uses a repetitive force model:
CV＝HYS+Parity+perm+animal+error
wherein: CV is piglet birth weight average evenness; HYS is the comprehensive system environmental effect of the pigsty, the year and the season of the sow during farrowing; parity is the fetal fixed effect; perm is a random permanent environmental effect affecting the litter size of multiple births of the same sow; animal is the random additive genetic effect of animal individual, namely breeding value,
the error is a random error that is,
3. the evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the lactating score criteria for a multiparous sow is:
4. the evaluation method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein for replacement gilts, if the new maternal index NDLI is less than 100, the sows are eliminated with low comprehensive fertility;
if the new maternal index is more than or equal to 100, the sow with low comprehensive fecundity is eliminated according to the appearance standard, the effective nipples are less than or equal to 7 pairs, the nipples are not uniformly distributed, the nipples are too small, the vulva is small, the front leg and the rear leg are twisted, if any one of the appearance characteristics appears, the sow with low comprehensive fecundity is eliminated.
5. The evaluation method as set forth in claim 3, wherein in the case of multiparous sows, the sows are evaluated for comprehensive fertility based on total litter size, lactation yield and new maternal index, and the criteria for low comprehensive fertility and need to be eliminated are:
in each jig, the jig is eliminated according to any one or more elimination standards.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein sows which are not in heat or have miscarriage of unknown origin in 2 consecutive estrus are of low fertility and are culled if any of these occur.
7. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 for breeding sows having good comprehensive reproductive capacity and high uniformity of offspring pigs.
8. Use of the method of evaluation as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6 for maintaining high levels of reproductive and lactating performance in core sows, accelerating genetic and phenotypic progression in the population.
9. Use of the evaluation method of any one of claims 1 to 6 for increasing the production level in a breeding farm or a radiation-expanded sow farm thereof.
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| CN102823542A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2012-12-19 | 凯里市宏大牧业发展有限公司 | Breeding method of breeding pigs |
| CN105230566A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-13 | 上海市农业科学院 | Breeding method for commercial pig |
| CN105794719A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-07-27 | 四川德康农牧科技有限公司 | Systematical core group pure sow selecting and breeding method |
| CN106339359A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-18 | 广西扬翔农牧有限责任公司 | Coefficient model for correcting body size of breeding pig |
| CN107182927A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-22 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of the white pig breed system of Quality type |
| CN107494422A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-22 | 扬州大学 | A kind of breeding method of the disease-resistant new lines of Berkshire |
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| CN101647423A (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-17 | 北京六马养猪科技有限公司 | Method for influence factor analysis and character precisely-quantifying breeding of boar population |
| CN101828539A (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2010-09-15 | 扬州大学 | Method for breeding Sujiang pig variety |
| CN102823542A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2012-12-19 | 凯里市宏大牧业发展有限公司 | Breeding method of breeding pigs |
| CN105230566A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-13 | 上海市农业科学院 | Breeding method for commercial pig |
| CN105794719A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-07-27 | 四川德康农牧科技有限公司 | Systematical core group pure sow selecting and breeding method |
| CN106339359A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-18 | 广西扬翔农牧有限责任公司 | Coefficient model for correcting body size of breeding pig |
| CN107182927A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-22 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of the white pig breed system of Quality type |
| CN107494422A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-22 | 扬州大学 | A kind of breeding method of the disease-resistant new lines of Berkshire |
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| 山西白猪高产仔母系繁殖性能测定;曹果清等;《中国畜牧兽医》;20090430(第4期);第111-114页 * |
| 法国COOPERL-NUCLEUS母系种猪的选育特点https://www.sohu.com/a/140706366_782486;pig333世界猪业之窗;《搜狐》;20170515;第1-3页 * |
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