CN113875697B - Method for rapidly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs - Google Patents
Method for rapidly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875697B CN113875697B CN202111295403.XA CN202111295403A CN113875697B CN 113875697 B CN113875697 B CN 113875697B CN 202111295403 A CN202111295403 A CN 202111295403A CN 113875697 B CN113875697 B CN 113875697B
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004091 panning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000036750 egg laying performance Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009400 out breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000288049 Perdix perdix Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009374 poultry farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laying hen breeding technology, and provides a method for quickly and efficiently breeding local egg laying performance of a laying hen, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a plurality of cocks and hens from a plurality of holomorphic families; (2) calculating egg laying scores through data such as the age of the laying date, the egg laying number of 32 weeks and individual death and panning; (3) scoring each family and individual by a comprehensive index method; (4) selecting and reserving according to the family comprehensive scores and the individual scores; (5) breeding the selected cock and hen in proportion; (6) recording the egg laying performance of 43 weeks and grading; (7) breeding the next generation according to the scores in the step (6); (8) and carrying out breeding of multiple generations. According to the method for quickly and efficiently breeding the egg laying performance of the local chicken breeds, the egg laying performance of the hens is subjected to individual and family scoring, and the individuals and the families are selected, selected and reserved according to the scoring, so that the overall egg laying performance of the individuals and the families is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laying hen breeding, in particular to a method for quickly and efficiently breeding local egg laying performance of laying hen species.
Background
The excellent variety is an important basis for the development of the broiler industry, and the broiler genetic resource protection and the breeding work of new varieties and matching lines are highly emphasized in the rural part of agriculture. At present, 2 national level local chicken breed gene libraries and 25 national level breed conservation fields are built, and a local chicken breed conservation technical scheme is established, so that industrialized protection, development and utilization of a large quantity of excellent local breeds such as Qingyuan partridge chickens and the like are successfully realized.
The local chicken breeds in China have the advantages of beautiful appearance, good meat quality, strong adaptability and the like, but also have the defects of slow growth speed, poor egg laying performance and the like, so that the production cost is high, the market competitiveness of the local chicken breeds is reduced, and the local chicken breeds are extremely adversely affected in breed conservation, development and utilization. In order to effectively improve the problems, the strengthening and breeding are one of the most effective measures for improving the production performance of local chicken breeds.
The egg-laying character is the most important production performance and reproductive performance index of local chicken breeds in China. The average heritability estimation value of the egg yield is between 0.14 and 0.24, and is influenced by the group size, the structure and the estimation method, so the breeding difficulty of the egg-laying character of local chicken breeds is larger. Meanwhile, the egg laying period is divided into a plurality of stages from front to back, and the genetic correlation between the egg laying amount of most stages is high through research, for example, the genetic correlation between the egg laying amount of 300 days and the egg laying amount of 72 weeks is up to about 0.7. In the breeding of laying hens, the number of eggs laid in 300 days is commonly used as an individual egg laying performance index for shortening the generation interval. However, local varieties often have too late seed reserving time and too fast egg laying rate reduction, so that the breeding difficulty is increased, and a set of egg laying performance breeding method suitable for local chicken species in China is gradually formed by continuous groping and adjustment for breeding the egg laying performance of local chicken species quickly and efficiently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention relates to a method for breeding local chicken breeds quickly and efficiently to produce eggs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of cocks and hens from a plurality of holomorphic families, for example, adopting 2000 breeding hens of a core group generation, wherein 800 cocks and 1200 hens are selected, and the individuals are from 50 holomorphic families and are respectively transferred into individual egg laying cages; wherein, the offspring of the same hen in the same family form a complete sibling family, and the offspring form a half sibling family;
(2) recording data of the laying day age, the egg laying number of the hens at the age of 32 weeks and individual death and culling of the hens in the shed; calculating the egg laying score of the 32-week-old holomorphic family; wherein the laying day age refers to the average day age of the first egg laid by the individual record group; the number of eggs laid at the age of 32 weeks refers to the total number of eggs laid from the date of laying to the age of 32 weeks;
(3) scoring each family and individual by a comprehensive index method to obtain a family comprehensive and individual score, wherein the score Y is b Y-a X, a + b is 1, a is less than or equal to 0.15, b is less than or equal to 0.85 and less than or equal to 0.95, X is the number of days of the day of birth, and Y is the number of eggs laid by the family of 32 weeks; for example, the product A has poor consistency between generations 1-5, the value of a can be adjusted to 0.15, and the value of b can be adjusted to 0.85; if the selection of egg production is enhanced after 6 generations, the b-value can be adjusted to 0.95 and the a-value can be adjusted to 0.05.
(4) Selecting and selecting according to the comprehensive family and individual score;
family selection and panning: determining the number of the generations to be selected, wherein 95% of the number of the generations is determined by family achievements, and 5% of the number of generations is determined by individual selection; in 95% of the panning quantity, firstly determining 65% of the quantity through full sib family panning, and then determining the remaining 30% of the quantity through half sib family panning; wherein the selection is poor in elimination performance;
individual panning: after family selection and elimination are finished, individual selection and elimination are carried out in the group left after selection, and individuals with the score of 5% at the tail end are eliminated; wherein 5% of individuals refer to 5% of the total number of panning individuals;
individual selection: carrying out individual selection in all selected individuals, and carrying out reselection on individuals with score scores of which are in the first 5% of the total selection;
evaluating and selecting the scores of the cocks: the performance of the cock is determined by referring to the performance determination result of the sibling hens, wherein the selection and retention strategy is that the number of families needing to be established in the next generation is determined firstly, so as to determine the total number needing to be selected and selected, 50% of the selected individuals are determined through the whole sibling families, and then the remaining 50% of the selected individuals are determined through the half sibling families;
(5) breeding and inseminating the selected cock and hen according to the proportion of 1:10-1:20, and breeding the next generation; at the moment, the egg laying number and the death and culling condition of the selected hen individual at the age of 43 weeks are still recorded; wherein the egg production number of the individual of 43 weeks old refers to the total egg production number of the individual from the laying date to the period of 43 weeks old.
(6) After the egg laying record of 43 weeks is finished, counting the egg laying number of individuals of 43 weeks, and calculating the egg laying score of the 43 weeks complete sibling families, wherein the score Z is d W-c Z, | d | + | c | 1, | d | < 0.85 ≦ d ≦ 0.95, | c ≦ 0.15, W is the egg laying number of the 43 weeks old families, and Z is the death and culling rate of the individuals of the families in the egg laying period; wherein, the laying hens of 32 weeks old are used for pure breeding, and the generation interval is shortened and the birth time of the next generation of chicks is accelerated; secondly, the egg yield of local chickens decreases rapidly after the egg-laying peak period, and pure breeding egg collection needs to be arranged as soon as possible in order to obtain a sufficient number of breeding groups in the next generation. However, to ensure the accuracy of egg performance selection, the group hens were continuously monitored to 43 weeks of age. Therefore, the feasibility of normal pure breeding and early selection of local chicken breeds is realized, and the accuracy of egg laying performance measurement is ensured.
(7) And (4) according to the score z calculated in the step (6), performing family and individual selection and panning on chicks of the next generation at the age of about 8 weeks, wherein the specific selection, retention, panning and panning method is the same as that in the step 4, and the preset retention rate in the step is 85%.
(8) After 5-10 generations of continuous closed breeding of the colony, the selection pressure and the selection parameters are adjusted according to the genetic progress condition. Therefore, the average performance of the group can be improved, the performance of the individual tends to be consistent, and the stability of the egg laying performance is better.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the selection of the egg laying week age is advanced to 32 weeks age, the early selection of the egg laying performance of the whole egg laying period by the egg laying number of 32 weeks age has higher accuracy, and the generation interval is shortened, thereby being beneficial to accelerating the generation progress.
2. A two-stage selection method is innovatively used, on one hand, the egg laying records of 32 weeks old are used for primary selection, and excellent individual establishment families are selected and reserved for pure reproduction of the next generation; on the other hand, egg laying record is continuously made for 43 weeks, and by using the measurement result of the whole egg laying period, about 8 weeks of age of the next generation, the whole population is re-selected and elutriated, and families and individuals which do not meet the requirements in the next generation are selected and elutriated again. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the reasonability of early selection, the accuracy of selection can be effectively improved.
3. By adopting an index selection method, the age of the laying day, the death and culling number of individuals and the egg laying number of hens entering a house are brought into the breeding category, so that the measurement and judgment of the egg laying performance are more accurate.
Detailed Description
Examples
The method for breeding the egg laying performance of local chicken breeds quickly and efficiently comprises the following steps:
(1) when the chickens are about 19 weeks old, the healthy male chickens and the healthy female chickens are respectively transferred into a male chicken cage and an egg laying individual cage of an egg laying house, and the measured family members are randomly distributed in the measuring chicken house.
(2) Recording individual laying date age, 32-week-old egg laying number and individual death and culling data of hens in the shed; counting and calculating egg laying scores of each family of 32 weeks old;
(3) scoring each family and individual by a comprehensive index method to obtain a family comprehensive and individual score, wherein the score Y is b Y-a X, a + b is 1, a is less than or equal to 0.15, b is less than or equal to 0.85 and less than or equal to 0.95, X is the number of days of the day of birth, and Y is the number of eggs laid by the family of 32 weeks;
(4) selecting and selecting according to the comprehensive family and individual score;
family selection and panning: determining the number of the generations to be selected and retained, and determining the number of the generations to be selected and retained, wherein 95% of the number of the generations is determined by family achievements, and 5% is determined by individual selection and panning; in 95% of the selection and panning quantity, 65% of the selection and panning is determined by the whole sibling family, and 30% of the selection and panning is determined by the half sibling family;
individual panning: after family selection and elimination are finished, individual selection and elimination are carried out in the group left after selection, and individuals with the score of 5% at the tail end are eliminated;
individual selection: carrying out individual selection in all selected individuals, and selecting and keeping the individuals with the score of 5% in the top;
evaluating and selecting the scores of the cocks: the performance of the cock is determined by referring to the performance of the sibling hen, wherein the selection strategy is to select and wash the full sibling family first and then select and wash according to the performance of the half sibling family.
(5) Breeding and inseminating the selected cock and hen according to the proportion of 1:10-1:20, and breeding the next generation; the egg laying number of the rest hen individuals at the age of 43 weeks and the death and panning conditions are still recorded at the moment;
(6) after the egg laying record of 43 weeks is finished, counting the egg laying number of individuals of 43 weeks, and calculating the egg laying score of the 43 weeks complete sibling families, wherein the score Z is d W-c Z, | d | + | c | 1, | d | < 0.85 ≦ d ≦ 0.95, | c ≦ 0.15, W is the egg laying number of the 43 weeks old families, and Z is the death and culling rate of the individuals of the families in the egg laying period;
(7) and (4) according to the score z calculated in the step (6), performing family and individual selection and panning on chicks of the next generation at the age of about 8 weeks, wherein the specific selection, retention, panning and panning method is the same as that in the step 4, and the preset retention rate in the step is 85%.
(8) After 5-10 generations of continuous closed breeding of the colony, the selection pressure and the selection parameters are adjusted according to the genetic progress condition.
The following table 1 shows the hen selecting, remaining, selecting and panning steps performed according to the above steps, wherein the total number of hens is 977 (from nine original ecological livestock and poultry farming llc in juxian county).
TABLE 1 hen selection and panning procedure
Table 2 below shows the steps of selecting, retaining, selecting and panning cock chickens according to the above steps, wherein the total number of cock chickens is 77 (from Jiu original ecological livestock and poultry raising, LLC of Mao county).
TABLE 2 cock selection and panning procedure
As can be seen from the choking panning step of table 1, 977 individuals with a complete egg laying record remained for hens enrolled in the assay after entry into the shed. After subtraction of pedigree data and mid-death individuals, the mean performance at this time increased slightly from 97.3 to 97.5; according to the pure plan of the current year, the plan finally leaves 675 to the next generation, so 247 needs to be eliminated (922 once 675).
After one time of family-wide (whole sibling) panning, the performance is improved to 101.4. Wherein, according to the calculation of 65% of the whole family selection, 161 (247 0.65) are eliminated, and 164 are finally eliminated according to the actual situation, and the residual quantity is 758 at this time.
After one time of whole family selection and half family selection, the achievement is improved from 101.4 to 102.1. Wherein, calculated according to 30% of half family selection, 74 are eliminated (247 x 0.3), and 75 are eliminated according to actual conditions, and the residual quantity is 683.
After another individual panning, the performance was improved from 102.1 to 103.3. Wherein, 12 are eliminated (247 x 0.05) according to the calculation of 5% of individual selection, and finally 20 are eliminated according to the actual situation (because individual re-selection is also needed); the remaining number is 663 at this time.
After individual reselection, the performance was improved from 103.3 to 103.5. Wherein, 13 culls are required (267 x 0.05) calculated by culling 5% from all the culled individuals, and 12 culls are finally culled according to actual conditions, and the residual quantity is 675.
In summary, in this embodiment, the average egg laying performance is increased from 97.3 to 103.5 by scoring the individual for egg laying performance and performing a series of pedigree selection and panning and individual selection and panning steps. The method has the application range of meat or dual-purpose local varieties with lower egg laying performance, and flexibly controls the selective pressure of each index of the egg laying character through a comprehensive index method on the premise of ensuring that the group is not inbred by considering the conservation of local chickens or the balance of each breeding character, thereby accelerating the breeding progress, effectively promoting the genetic progress of the group and finally forming strains with stable and excellent egg laying performance.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding local chicken breeds with egg laying performance fast and efficiently is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively transferring healthy cocks and hens into a cock cage of an egg laying house and an egg laying individual cage;
(2) recording individual laying date age, 32-week-old egg laying number and individual death and culling data of hens in the shed; counting and calculating egg laying scores of each family of 32 weeks old;
(3) scoring each family and individual; scoring each family and individual to obtain a family comprehensive and individual score, wherein the score Y = b Y-a X, | a | + | b | =1, | a | is less than or equal to 0.15, and | b | is less than or equal to 0.85 and less than or equal to 0.95, wherein X is days of the day of production starting age, and Y is the number of eggs of the family of 32 weeks old;
(4) selecting and selecting according to the scores in the step (3);
(5) breeding the cock and the hen according to a certain proportion;
(6) counting the egg laying number of 43 weeks old, and calculating the performance of the family; score Z = d × W-c × Z, | d | + | c | =1, | d | < 0.85 ≦ 0.95 |, | c | < 0.15, |, W is the number of eggs laid by a family of 43 weeks old, Z is the death rate of individuals of the family in the laying period;
(7) selecting and panning the next generation of chicks according to the scores in the step (6);
(8) after 5-10 generations of continuous closed breeding of the colony, the selection pressure and the selection parameters are adjusted according to the genetic progress condition.
2. The method for rapidly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs according to claim 1, characterized in that the panning and the selecting in the step (4) are,
family selection and panning: determining the number of the generations to be selected and retained, and determining the number of the generations to be selected and retained, wherein 95% of the number of the generations is determined by family achievements, and 5% is determined by individual selection and panning; in 95% of the selection and panning quantity, selecting and panning through a full sib family, and then selecting and panning through a half sib family;
individual panning: after family selection and elimination are finished, individual selection and elimination are carried out in the group left after selection, and individuals with the score of 5% at the tail end are eliminated;
individual selection: selecting and reserving individuals in all selected individuals, and selecting and reserving the individuals with score of the first 5 percent;
evaluating and selecting the results of the cocks: and (4) the performance of the cock selected and retained refers to the performance measurement result of the sibling hens in the step (3), wherein the selection and retention strategy is to select and sweep the full sibling family firstly and then select and sweep the half sibling family according to the performance of the half sibling family.
3. The method for rapidly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs according to claim 2, characterized in that in the family selection and panning in the step (4), the 65% is firstly determined by the holomorphic family selection and panning is then determined by the half-synmorphic family selection and panning.
4. The method for rapidly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs according to claim 2, characterized in that the selection and panning of the cocks in the step (4) are 50% of the selection and panning of the first full-sib families and then 50% of the selection and panning of the half sib families.
5. The method for rapidly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (5), the cocks and the hens are bred and fertilized according to the proportion of 1:10-1: 20.
6. The method for rapidly and efficiently breeding local chicken breeds for laying eggs according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (7), chicks of the next generation are subjected to family and individual selection and panning at the age of about 8 weeks, the specific selection and panning method is the same as that in step (4), and the preset selection and panning rate in the step is 85%.
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| CN104604807A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-13 | 广西大学 | Pure line breeding method for increasing local chicken breed egg yield |
| CN109819938A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-31 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of producing method for seed of high yield oiliness yolk laying hen breed system and its application |
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