CN109937964B - Genetic improvement method for conversion rate of high-quality chicken feed - Google Patents
Genetic improvement method for conversion rate of high-quality chicken feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of high-quality chicken feed, which adopts the following technical scheme: firstly, a 0 generation core group is established according to the proportion of 1:20 of a male parent and a female parent, 3 batches of offspring are continuously propagated according to a pedigree, and the specific implementation steps of each batch of a single generation comprise: selecting body shape and appearance in early growth stage, determining and selecting feed conversion rate, adjusting cages to establish families, incubating pedigrees, performing insemination according to the families, collecting hatching eggs after 3 rounds of insemination, incubating the hatching eggs according to the pedigrees, wearing wing numbers after chicks are hatched, and finishing the breeding of at least two generations. By adopting the genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of the high-quality chicken feed, the seed reservation rate is improved, and the genetic progress is accelerated. The breeding method of the invention selects to carry out the feed conversion rate determination at 40-45 days old, and can strictly screen the body shape and appearance before the determination, thereby ensuring that the appearance characters of the individual subjected to the feed conversion rate determination meet the requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a livestock breeding improvement technology, in particular to a genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of high-quality chicken feed.
Background
The feed cost accounts for about 70% of the poultry production cost, and in recent years, the prices of main feed raw materials such as soybeans and corns are continuously increased, so that the poultry breeding cost is undoubtedly increased. Large-scale breeding enterprises at home and abroad strive to improve the feed conversion rate of poultry and reduce the feed intake on the premise of not sacrificing the quality, thereby reducing the feed consumption, reducing the feeding cost and improving the economic benefits of the enterprises. Due to the limitation of hardware facilities, the recording difficulty of the individual feed intake of the poultry is high. The conversion rate of the broiler feed is medium and low in heritability, the heritability is 0.3-0.4, and the broiler feed is greatly influenced by environmental factors. At present, a family selection method is usually adopted for meat local chickens, the feed intake of all individuals in the brooding and growing periods of a half-sib mixed family is recorded and counted, and then the feed conversion rate half-sib family mean value is calculated. Compared with the prior art, the method for breeding the laying type local chicken is more complex, the daily consumption of the chicken after the laying is started is measured except that the feed intake of the brood and the growing period is recorded by taking the family as a unit, and the feed conversion rate is finally calculated until the age of 56 weeks is over.
Because the prior art does not measure the phenotype of the individual, the difference between individuals of different families cannot be judged, and the accuracy of seed selection cannot be improved by combining individual selection during seed selection. The pedigree selection method uses the pedigree mean as the estimated breeding value, but cannot fully utilize the individual information, pedigree information and sibling information. Another problem with the family selection method is that the family mean can only offset some of the environmental deviations in the individual phenotype values of the generation, and cannot correct the environmental deviations between different generations. Therefore, for the low heritability character, the family selection method always has the problems of low selection strength and low seed selection accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of high-quality chicken feed aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to realize the aim, the genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of the high-quality chicken feed adopts the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, a 0 generation core group is firstly established according to the proportion of 1:20 of a male parent and a female parent, 3 batches of offspring are continuously propagated according to a pedigree, and the specific implementation steps of each batch of a single generation are as follows:
s1, selecting body types and appearances in the early growth stage, eliminating weak young birds when young birds are hatched, and selecting individuals with strong bodies, feather colors and foot colors which accord with breeding targets when the young birds are 30-40 days old; selecting and retaining individual information with uniform body shape and high feather fitness when the feather is aged 35-45 days.
S2, determining and selecting feed conversion rate, namely, when breeders are 40-45 days old, determining the feed intake of individuals, recording the initial weight, the finished weight and the feed consumption in the determination period until the breeders are finished at the time of marketing, estimating the breeding value of the breeders in the batch according to the determination result and by combining pedigree information, and selecting individuals with high feed conversion rate according to the breeding value, wherein the breeder rate of the cocks is 10-20%, and the breeder rate of the hens is 40-50%; 3 batches of individuals were synthesized into 1 population after development.
S3, adjusting cages to establish a family, when the breeding hens of the 3 rd batch are 200-year old and 240-day old, estimating the feed weight ratio breeding values of the stocked cocks and the hens by combining the individual information, the pedigree information and the sibling information, carrying out secondary selection and retention, selecting and retaining the breeding hens with high feed conversion rate, wherein the stock retention rate of the cocks is 2-3%, the stock retention rate of the hens is 25-28%, and then establishing the whole sibling family according to the proportion of 1:20 of the cocks to breed the next generation.
S4, hatching by pedigree, collecting hatching eggs after 3 times of pedigree insemination, hatching the hatching eggs according to the pedigree, wearing the wing numbers after the chicks are hatched,
and S5, repeating the breeding of the steps S1-S4, entering the next generation cycle, and finishing the breeding of at least two generations.
Compared with the prior art, the genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of the high-quality chicken feed has the following advantages: when the feed conversion rate is selected, the method fully utilizes individual phenotype information and pedigree information, greatly improves the accuracy of individual breeding value estimation, and further obtains faster genetic progress. When the material weight ratio breeding value is estimated, the generation and the batch are used as fixed effects, and the environmental deviation between different generations and different batches is effectively corrected. The invention breeds a plurality of batches of colonies, increases the number of individuals to be measured, improves the seed reserving rate and further accelerates the genetic progress. The breeding method provided by the invention selects the feed conversion rate measurement at 42 days of age, and can strictly screen the body shape and appearance before the feed conversion rate measurement, so that the appearance character of the individual can meet the requirement.
In order to better realize the purpose of the invention, the invention also has the following better technical scheme:
in some embodiments, the time of the day of the sale on the market is based on the time of the sale on the market of the broiler chicken in order to meet the requirements of marketing and market.
In some embodiments, the grouping comprises the steps of:
s1, adjusting cages to establish a family, when the breeding hens in the 3 rd batch are 210 days old, selecting and reserving the cock and the hen with the material weight ratio breeding value higher than the breeding value according to the measured batch results, reserving 40 cocks and 800 hens for seed reserving, establishing 800 complete sibling families according to the proportion of 1:20 of the cocks and the hens, and breeding the next generation.
S2, hatching by pedigree, after the chickens are established into families, performing insemination according to the families, collecting hatching eggs after 3 rounds of insemination, continuously collecting the hatching eggs for 30 days, and hatching the hatching eggs in 1 st to 10 th days to obtain 1 st batch of hatching eggs; hatching the hatching eggs at the 11 th to 20 th days simultaneously; hatching eggs for the 2 nd batch; hatching the hatching eggs at the 21 st to 30 th days at the same time to obtain a 3 rd batch of hatching eggs; hatching eggs of each batch according to pedigrees, placing the eggs of the same hen in the same hatching cage, wearing a wing number after the eggs are hatched, making pedigree records, and feeding the chickens to a brooding house.
In some embodiments, the caging comprises establishing a family, and the 1 st batch of breeding hens is 230 days old.
In some embodiments, the feed-to-weight ratio is calculated by dividing the feed intake during a feed conversion ratio determination by the weight gain during the determination.
In some embodiments, the seed cut is calculated as the number of selected roosters or hens divided by the number of roosters or hens at the time of feed conversion ratio multiplied by 100%.
In some embodiments, the determination and selection of feed conversion ratio at step S2 is a cock breeder rate of 15% and a hen breeder rate of 45%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of a high-quality chicken feed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a breeding method for high-quality chicken feed conversion rate includes the steps of selecting 40 210-day-old black-exposed cock chickens and 800 210-day-old black-exposed hen hens of southern poultry breeding limited company in Guangdong Wen, and mixing the cock chickens and the hen chickens according to a male-female ratio of 1:20, establishing 800 0 generation holomorphic families, continuously breeding 3 batches of descendants according to the families, and implementing the following steps for each batch of single generation: 1) and feeding the young chickens, wherein when the young chickens are 1 day old, the weak young chickens are eliminated, 2000 male seedlings are fed, and 2000 female seedlings are fed. 2) And initially selecting the body types and the appearances, namely selecting and reserving the individuals with strong body types, wherein the feather colors and the foot colors accord with the breeding targets for the male chickens and the female chickens at the age of 30 or 35 or 40 days, reserving 1500 breeds for the male chickens, and reserving 1500 breeds for the female chickens. 3) And the body types and appearances are selected, when the chickens are 35 or 40 or 45 days old, the cock is selected to be an individual with moderate crown height, uniform body shape and close-fitting feathers, the hens are selected to be an individual with uniform body shape and fine and dense feathers, the cocks are left to be planted with 500 chickens, the hens are left to be planted with 1000 chickens, and the cock is moved to a feed conversion rate individual measuring house. 4) And measuring the weight and feed intake of the individual at the age of 40 or 42 or 45 days from the start of the feed conversion rate measurement. And then, the henhouse is patrolled every day, the materials are supplemented and the feeding amount is recorded in time, the individual feed intake is accurately recorded, and the whole-course free feed intake of the individual is ensured to be measured. 5) And (4) finishing the feed conversion rate measurement, measuring the weight of the individual at the age of 80 or 84 or 90 days, and recording the residual material amount of the individual trough. 6) And selecting feed conversion rate, calculating the feed weight ratio according to the measurement result, estimating a feed discharge weight ratio breeding value by combining sibling information, selecting the feed conversion rate of the cock and the hen, selecting individuals with the feed weight ratio breeding value being high and the weight being large, wherein the cock seed rate is 10% or 20%, and the hen seed rate is 40% or 50%. 7) And (5) starting laying hens, and moving the hens to an egg laying house for laying when the hens are 126 days old. And (3) carrying out leukemia detection and white diarrhea detection on the cock and the hen according to a disease purification scheme, and eliminating partial positive individuals.
The 3 batches of hens were bred into 1 group after birth, and the specific implementation manner after breeding was as follows: firstly, adjusting cages to establish a family, when the breeding hens in the 3 rd batch are 210 days old, selecting and reserving the cock and the hen with the feed weight ratio higher than the breeding value according to the feed weight ratio calculated by the results of all the measurement batches, reserving 40 cocks and 800 hens for seed reservation, establishing 800 complete sibling families according to the proportion of 1:20 of the cocks and the hens, and breeding the next generation. And then pedigree hatching is carried out, after the chicken group establishes the family, the chickens begin to collect hatching eggs after 3 rounds of sperm deposition according to the family. Continuously collecting eggs for 30 days, and hatching the hatching eggs from 1 st to 10 th days to obtain 1 st batch of hatching eggs; hatching the hatching eggs at the 11 th to 20 th days at the same time to obtain a 2 nd batch of hatching eggs; hatching eggs from 21 th to 30 th days are hatched at the same time to obtain a 3 rd batch of hatching eggs. Hatching eggs of each batch according to pedigrees, placing the eggs of the same hen in the same hatching cage, wearing a wing number after the eggs are hatched, making pedigree records, and feeding the chickens to a brooding house. And repeating the breeding steps and entering the next generation cycle.
For example: after the feed conversion rate of the Tianlu black cock and the hen is bred for 3 generations, the average material weight ratio of the cock and the hen is reduced from 3.12 of 1 generation to 2.91 of 3 generation, the material weight ratio is reduced by 0.21, the average feed cost per kilogram of meat feed is 1 yuan, and the ideal effect of the invention is obtained by calculating 3.0 yuan for each kilogram of meat feed.
Example two:
a breeding method for high-quality chicken feed conversion rate selects 40 spotted-brown chicken cocks and 800 spotted-brown chicken hens of 210 days old from southern poultry breeding limited company of Guangdong Wenshi according to a male-female ratio of 1:20, establishing 800 0 generation holomorphic families, continuously breeding 3 batches of descendants according to the families, and implementing the following steps for each batch of single generation: 1) and feeding the young chickens, wherein when the young chickens are 1 day old, the weak young chickens are eliminated, 2000 male seedlings are fed, and 2000 female seedlings are fed. 2) And initially selecting the body types and the appearances, namely selecting and reserving the individuals with strong body types, wherein the feather colors and the foot colors accord with the breeding targets for the male chickens and the female chickens at the age of 30 or 35 or 40 days, reserving 1500 breeds for the male chickens, and reserving 1500 breeds for the female chickens. 3) And the body types and appearances are selected in a check mode, when the chickens are 35 or 40 or 45 days old, the cock is selected to reserve individuals with moderate crown height, uniform body type and good chest and leg muscle development, the hens are selected to reserve individuals with rounded body types and fine feathers, 500 cock breeds are reserved, 1000 hen breeds are reserved, and the cock breeds are moved to a feed conversion rate individual determination house. 4) And measuring the weight and feed intake of the individual at the age of 40 or 42 or 45 days from the start of the feed conversion rate measurement. And then, the henhouse is patrolled every day, the materials are supplemented and the feeding amount is recorded in time, the individual feed intake is accurately recorded, and the whole-course free feed intake of the individual is ensured to be measured. 5) And (4) finishing the feed conversion rate measurement, measuring the weight of the individual at the age of 70 or 77 or 80 days, and recording the residual material amount of the individual silo. 6) And selecting feed conversion rate, calculating the feed weight ratio according to the measurement result, estimating a feed discharge weight ratio breeding value by combining sibling information, selecting the feed conversion rate of the cock and the hen, selecting individuals with the feed weight ratio breeding value being high and the weight being large, wherein the cock breeding rate is 8% or 10% or 12%, and the hen breeding rate is 35% or 40% or 45%. 7) And when the hens are born, moving the hens to an egg laying house for laying when the hens are 110, 119 or 125 days old. And (3) carrying out leukemia detection and white diarrhea detection on the cock and the hen according to a disease purification scheme, and eliminating partial positive individuals.
The 3 batches of hens were bred into 1 group after birth, and the specific implementation manner after breeding was as follows:
8) and (3) transferring cages to establish a family, when the breeding hens in the 3 rd batch are 210 days old, selecting and reserving 40 cock and hen with the feed weight ratio higher than the breeding value according to the feed weight ratio calculated by the results of all the measurement batches, reserving 800 hen for seed, establishing 800 complete sibling families according to the proportion of 1:20 of the cocks and the hens, and breeding the next generation.
9) And (5) performing pedigree hatching, after the chickens establish the family, performing insemination according to the family, and collecting hatching eggs after 3 rounds of insemination. Continuously collecting eggs for 30 days, and hatching the hatching eggs from 1 st to 10 th days to obtain 1 st batch of hatching eggs; hatching the hatching eggs at the 11 th to 20 th days at the same time to obtain a 2 nd batch of hatching eggs; hatching eggs from 21 th to 30 th days are hatched at the same time to obtain a 3 rd batch of hatching eggs. Hatching eggs of each batch according to pedigrees, placing the eggs of the same hen in the same hatching cage, wearing a wing number after the eggs are hatched, making pedigree records, and feeding the chickens to a brooding house. Repeating the breeding steps from the step 1 to the step 9, and entering the next generation cycle.
For example: after the breeding of 3 generations, the average material weight ratio of male and female is increased from 1 generation to 3 generations to 2.87, the material weight ratio is decreased by 0.27, calculated as 3.0 yuan per kg of meat feed, the average feed cost per each chicken is 1.4 yuan, thus obtaining the ideal effect of the invention.
What has been described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of high-quality chicken feed is characterized in that,
selecting the cocks and the hens of the same type, establishing a 0 generation core group according to the proportion of 1:20, and continuously breeding 3 batches of offspring in a full sibling mode according to a pedigree;
s1, the specific implementation steps of each single generation and each batch are as follows:
s1.1, selecting body types and appearances in the early growth stage, eliminating weak chicks when the chicks are hatched, and selecting individuals with strong bodies and feather colors and foot colors meeting breeding targets when the chicks are 30-40 days old; selecting and reserving individuals with uniform body shape and high feather fitness when the individuals are aged for 35-45 days;
s1.2, determining and selecting feed conversion rate, namely when breeding hens are 40-45 days old, determining the feed intake of individuals, recording initial weight, finished weight and feed consumption in a determination period until the breeding hens are finished at the time of marketing day old, estimating the breeding value of the breeding hens in the batch by combining pedigree information according to the determination result, and selecting the individuals with high feed conversion rate according to the breeding value, wherein the breeder rate of the cocks is 10-20%, and the breeder rate of the hens is 40-50%;
3 batches of individuals were synthesized into 1 population after development;
s2, adjusting cages to establish a family, estimating the feed weight ratio breeding value of the stocked cock and the hen according to the phenotype determination result of 3 batches and combining pedigree information when the breeding hens of the 3 rd batch are 200-day old and 240-day old, performing secondary selection and leaving, selecting and leaving breeding hens with high feed conversion rate, wherein the stock keeping rate of the cock is 2-3%, the stock keeping rate of the hen is 25-28%, and establishing a complete sibling family according to the proportion of 1:20 of the cock to breed the next generation;
s3, hatching by pedigree, collecting hatching eggs after 3 times of pedigree insemination, hatching the hatching eggs according to the pedigree, and wearing wing numbers after chicks are hatched;
and S4, repeating the breeding of the steps S1-S3, entering the next generation cycle, and finishing the breeding of at least two generations.
2. The genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of the high-quality chicken feed according to claim 1, wherein the time of the day of sale on the market is based on the time of sale of the broiler chicken on the market.
3. The genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of the high-quality chicken feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of synthesizing the 1 group comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting cages to establish a family, when the breeding hens in the 3 rd batch are 210 days old, selecting and reserving a cock and a hen with the material weight ratio breeding value higher than the breeding value according to the material weight ratio computed by the results of all the measurement batches, reserving 40 cocks for breeding, reserving 800 hens for breeding, establishing 800 full-sib families according to the proportion of 1:20 of the cocks to breed the next generation;
s2, hatching by pedigree, after the chickens are established into families, performing insemination according to the families, collecting hatching eggs after 3 rounds of insemination, continuously collecting the hatching eggs for 30 days, and hatching the hatching eggs in 1 st to 10 th days to obtain 1 st batch of hatching eggs; hatching the hatching eggs at the 11 th to 20 th days at the same time to obtain a 2 nd batch of hatching eggs; hatching the hatching eggs at the 21 st to 30 th days at the same time to obtain a 3 rd batch of hatching eggs; hatching eggs of each batch according to pedigrees, placing the eggs of the same hen in the same hatching cage, wearing a wing number after the eggs are hatched, making pedigree records, and feeding the chickens to a brooding house.
4. The genetic improvement method for the conversion rate of the high-quality chicken feed according to claim 1, wherein the caging is a family, and the breeding hens of the 1 st batch are 230 days old.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the feed-to-weight ratio is calculated by dividing the feed intake during the feed conversion ratio measurement period by the weight gain during the measurement period.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the seed remaining ratio is calculated by dividing the number of the selected rooster or hen by the number of the rooster or hen at the time of feed conversion ratio and multiplying the number by 100%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the rooster breeder rate is 15% when determining and selecting the feed conversion ratio of step S1.2.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hen has a brood rate of 45% when determining and selecting the feed conversion ratio of step S1.2.
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