CN108029628B - Breeding method capable of improving egg yield of Muscovy ducks - Google Patents
Breeding method capable of improving egg yield of Muscovy ducks Download PDFInfo
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- 241000272834 Cairina moschata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003779 hair growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000030175 lameness Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001379910 Ephemera danica Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036750 egg laying performance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks, which comprises the following steps: early primary selection, namely selecting high-quality groups of the ducklings according to the body type robustness in proportion; selecting a first laying egg, and selecting male ducks and female ducks with high laying capacity and breeding value according to the breeding value of the individual of the generation calculated by combining the laying number of the whole period of the previous generation with pedigree data; egg laying determination, wherein when the female duck starts to produce eggs, the number of qualified eggs produced by the female duck is recorded; selecting the second time of egg laying, namely selecting male ducks and female ducks with high egg laying breeding value according to the egg laying amount of the female ducks of the generation and pedigree data according to the proportion; establishing a family, establishing a complete sibling family by the drakes and the ducks according to a ratio, breeding the next generation, and repeating the steps; the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method well solves the contradiction between subculture and egg laying selection, gives consideration to the genetic contribution of egg laying amount in the later period of egg laying, improves the seed selection efficiency, and is beneficial to improving the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seed breeding, in particular to a breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks.
Background
Egg yield is one of the most important reproductive performance indexes of poultry, and breeding enterprises at home and abroad are all dedicated to improving the egg yield of the poultry and reducing the seedling cost so as to improve the economic benefit of the enterprises at present; for example, yellow-feather broilers usually calculate the mean value of families by taking the egg production of an individual of 300-day-old hens as a standard, take the mean value of families as the basis of egg production performance of cocks, and select the hens by adopting a method of combining the individuals with the families; the method for genetic improvement of the egg yield of waterfowls is used for reference for the method in the aspect of yellow-feathered broilers, but because the individual egg yield records of waterfowls are difficult to realize, the average egg yield of all individuals in one family can be recorded and counted generally, but the selection effect of the method is poor.
As for Muscovy ducks, because of the influence of the physiological characteristics of Muscovy ducks, the Muscovy ducks usually need to be laid for about 30 weeks, the laying period is only 26 weeks, if the egg yield of 300 days is taken as a seed selection index, and the time for establishing a pedigree, adjusting cages and ensuring effective insemination intervals is added, the Muscovy ducks need to wait for 18-20 weeks of laying for successive egg collection and reproduction, at the moment, the laying rate and the hatching rate are in the middle and later stages of laying, the number of seedlings entering a core group of the next generation is influenced, and the integral selection effect is influenced; the selection by utilizing the early egg yield measuring record is beneficial to shortening the generation interval and accelerating the genetic progress, but as only partial genetic correlation exists between the early egg yield and the whole egg yield (differences exist between different poultry species), the early selection always has the defect of low seed selection accuracy for the breeding target of improving the whole egg yield of the core group, and the early seed selection has another problem that the selection pressure is concentrated in the early egg yield stage, so that the egg yield is reduced in the later egg yield stage, the egg yield reduction speed is accelerated and the like, and the production is not facilitated; therefore, a scientific breeding method for improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks needs to be designed according to the characteristics of the Muscovy ducks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks so as to solve the problems.
According to one aspect of the invention, the breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of the Muscovy ducks comprises the following steps:
a, primarily selecting early stage, namely selecting high-quality groups of the ducklings according to the body type robustness in proportion;
b, selecting eggs for the first time, and selecting male ducks and female ducks with high egg yield breeding values according to the breeding values of individuals of the generation calculated by combining the egg number of the whole period of the previous generation with pedigree data;
c, egg laying determination, wherein when the female duck of the generation starts to lay eggs, the number of qualified eggs produced by the female duck of the generation is recorded;
d, second egg laying selection, namely counting the individual egg laying amount of the female ducks of the generation, estimating the breeding value by combining pedigree data, then carrying out second egg laying selection and retention, and selecting and retaining the male ducks and the female ducks with high egg laying amount breeding values according to the proportion;
e, establishing a family: establishing a full-sib family by the male duck and the female duck of the generation according to a proportion, and breeding the male duck and the female duck of the generation for the next generation;
f, repeating the steps A to E.
In some embodiments, the early stage triage time is 21 days old cairina moschata.
In some embodiments, the high-quality population in the early primary election accounts for more than 90% of the total.
In some embodiments, the first egg production selection time is 35 days old cairina moschata.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the first egg laying screen is: the male duck seed reserving rate is 10-20%, and the female duck seed reserving rate is 30-35%.
In some embodiments, the second egg production selection time is 280 days old cairina moschata.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the second egg production screen is: the male duck seed reserving rate is 1.5%, and the female duck seed reserving rate is 22.5%.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the drake and the female duck when the family is established is 1: 15.
in some embodiments, the first egg laying selection is accompanied by a body appearance check on the duck population, and individuals with weak body weight, poor quality, slow growing hair, reverse wings, lameness and no shoulder feather growth are eliminated.
In some embodiments, after the first laying, the weight of the duck group is measured and selected, when the duck group is 77 days old, the weight of the individual is measured, and the individual with uniform weight is selected according to the measurement result, so that each family has 6-12 male ducks to be selected and 20-40 female ducks to be selected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the breeding method of the invention selects the laying eggs at the age of 280 days, at the moment, the genetic correlation between the laying amount of the duck group and the laying amount in the whole period is above 0.8, the average laying rate of the duck group is 80-85%, the contradiction between successive generation and laying selection is well solved, after a family is established and a regulation cage is established, the laying determination is continuously carried out on the mother ducks of the core group until the laying period is finished, and at the moment, the young ducks of the next generation are just between 21-28 days old; at the moment, secondary selection is carried out on the egg yield according to the overall egg yield of the parents and the pedigree estimation breeding value, the genetic contribution of the egg yield in the later period of egg production is considered, the seed selection efficiency is improved, the improvement of the overall egg yield is facilitated, and the economic benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic step diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in figure 1, a breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks comprises the following steps:
a, primarily selecting early ducks, and selecting high-quality groups of the ducklings according to the body type robustness;
b, selecting eggs for the first time, and selecting male ducks and female ducks with high egg yield breeding values according to the breeding values of individuals of the generation calculated by combining the egg number of the whole period of the previous generation with pedigree data;
c, egg laying determination, wherein when the female duck of the generation starts to lay eggs, the number of qualified eggs produced by the female duck of the generation is recorded;
d, second egg laying selection, namely counting the individual egg laying amount of the female ducks of the generation, estimating the breeding value by combining pedigree data, then carrying out second egg laying selection and retention, and selecting and retaining the male ducks and the female ducks with high egg laying amount breeding values according to the proportion;
e, establishing a family: and (3) building a full sib family from the male duck and the female duck of the generation according to a proportion, and breeding the male duck and the female duck of the generation for the next generation.
F, repeating the steps A to E.
In this embodiment, the early stage of the preliminary selection is the 21-day-old Muscovy duck, and when the Muscovy duck is 21-day-old, the Muscovy duck has already been preliminarily developed, which is convenient for screening.
In this example, the high-quality population accounts for 90% or more of the total in the early primary election.
In this embodiment, the first egg laying selection time is 35 days old muscovy ducks, and at this time, male ducks and female ducks with high egg laying amount and high egg breeding value are selected according to the breeding value of the individual of the generation calculated according to the egg laying number of the whole previous generation of the duck group and pedigree data.
In this example, the ratio of the first egg laying screen was: the male duck seed reserving rate is 10-20%, and the female duck seed reserving rate is 30-35%.
In the embodiment, when the second egg laying selection time is 280 days old of muscovy ducks, the genetic correlation between the egg laying amount of the duck group and the egg laying amount in the whole period is above 0.8, the average egg laying rate of the duck group is 80-85%, the contradiction between successive transfer and egg laying selection is well solved, after a family is established and a cage is adjusted, egg laying determination is continuously carried out on the female ducks in the core group until the egg laying period is finished, and at this time, the young ducks in the next generation are just 21-28 days old; at the moment, secondary selection is carried out on the egg yield according to the parental full-term egg yield and pedigree estimation breeding value, the genetic contribution of the egg yield in the later period of egg yield is considered, the seed selection efficiency is improved, and the improvement of the full-term egg yield is facilitated.
In this example, the ratio of the second egg laying screen was: the male duck seed reserving rate is 1.5%, the female duck seed reserving rate is 22.5%, and the percentage of the seed reserving rate is convenient for later-stage establishment of the family.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the drake and the duck is 1: 15.
in the embodiment, the body and appearance of the duck group are checked while the first egg laying selection is carried out, so that the individuals with weak weight, poor quality, slow hair growth, reverse wings, lameness and no shoulder feather growth are eliminated, and the overall quality of the duck group is improved.
In this embodiment, after the first laying, the weight of the duck group is measured and selected, and when the duck group is 77 days old, the weight of the individual is measured and the individual with uniform weight is selected according to the measurement result, so that each family has 6-12 male ducks to be selected and 20-40 female ducks to be selected.
In the embodiment, the contradiction between subculture and egg laying selection can be better solved, the genetic contribution of the egg yield in the later period of egg laying is considered, the seed selection efficiency is improved, the seed selection time is greatly shortened, and the improvement of the egg laying number in the whole period is facilitated.
In another embodiment: the Muscovy duck strain selected by the embodiment is bred by taking white-feather Muscovy ducks in Fujian region as breeding materials.
Step one, feeding seedlings, namely, when Muscovy ducks are 1 day old, eliminating weak young ducks, feeding 2500 male seedlings and 2500 female seedlings;
and secondly, primarily selecting, namely selecting and reserving the strong individual bodies of the male ducks and the female ducks when the Muscovy ducks are 21 days old, reserving 2300 male ducks for the seeds, and reserving 2300 female chickens for the seeds.
Thirdly, selecting eggs for the first time, estimating the breeding value of the individual of the generation according to the egg laying number of the whole period of the previous generation and pedigree data when the Muscovy ducks are 35 days old, selecting the eggs for the ducklings, selecting the individual with high egg laying breeding value, wherein the male duck breeding rate is 10-20%, and the female duck breeding rate is 30-35%;
fourthly, checking the body and appearance: when the Muscovy ducks are 35 days old, the Muscovy duck groups are eliminated, wherein the Muscovy ducks are weak in body weight, have poor defect, slow in hair growth, reverse wings, limp feet and have no shoulder feather.
And fifthly, measuring and selecting the weight, namely measuring the weight of each muscovy duck when the muscovy duck is 77 days old, selecting the individuals with uniform weight according to the measurement result, and ensuring that each family has 6-12 male ducks to be selected and 20-40 female ducks to be selected.
And sixthly, putting the female ducks into cages, and putting all the female ducks into individual cages when the female ducks are 190 days old so as to conveniently record egg laying.
And seventhly, measuring the egg laying performance of the female ducks, and recording the number of qualified eggs laid by the female ducks after the Muscovy ducks are started at 210-day-old.
And eighth, egg laying selection for the second time, wherein when the Muscovy ducks are 280 days old, the egg laying amount of the female ducks in the cages is counted, the egg laying selection for the second time is carried out after the breeding value is estimated by combining pedigree data, male ducks and female ducks with high egg laying amount breeding values are selected and reserved, the male duck seed reserving rate is 1.5%, and the female duck seed reserving rate is 22.5%.
And ninthly, building a family by transferring cages, namely mixing Muscovy ducks according to a male-female ratio of 1: 15, establishing 900 full sibling families according to the proportion, and breeding the next generation; and (5) continuously carrying out egg laying determination on the hen ducks after cage adjustment until the egg laying period of the hen ducks of 392 days is finished.
And step ten, hatching by pedigree, after the Muscovy ducks are bred, performing insemination according to the pedigree, starting to collect hatching eggs after 21 days, continuously collecting the hatching eggs for 10 days, hatching according to the pedigree, putting the hatching eggs of the same female duck in the same hatching cage, wearing the wing number after the hatching, making pedigree record, and feeding the ducklings to a brooding house.
And step ten, repeating the breeding steps from the step one to the step ten, and entering the next generation cycle.
Through the breeding of 2 generations, the egg laying performance of the candidate Muscovy duck group is remarkably improved, and the breeding effect of the Muscovy duck through 2 generations by adopting the breeding method is listed in Table 1.
| Generation 6 | Generation 7 | Generation 8 | |
| Number of qualified eggs laid in 280 days old | 56 | 62 | 66 |
| Number of qualified eggs laid at 392 days of age | 115 | 119 | 127 |
TABLE 1
The data in table 1 show that, using this invention, significant genetic improvement was achieved in both early and full term egg production of this strain. The number of qualified eggs produced in 280 days of age increased from 56 on average in generation 6 to 66 on average in generation 8, and was increased by 5 in each generation on average. The egg laying number in the whole period is increased from 115 in the 6 th generation to 127 in the 8 th generation, and is increased by 6 in each generation; meanwhile, egg laying selection is carried out at the age of 280 days, at the moment, the genetic correlation between the egg laying amount of a duck group and the egg laying amount in the whole period is more than 0.8, the average egg laying rate of the duck group is 80-85%, the contradiction between successive generation and egg laying selection is well solved, after a regulation cage is established by a family, egg laying determination is continuously carried out on the female ducks of a core group until the egg laying period is finished, and at the moment, the young ducks of the next generation are just 21-28 days old; at the moment, secondary selection is carried out on the egg yield according to the parental full-term egg yield and pedigree estimation breeding value, the genetic contribution of the egg yield in the later period of egg yield is considered, the seed selection efficiency is improved, and the improvement of the full-term egg yield and the improvement of the economic benefit are facilitated.
The above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. early primary selection, selecting high-quality groups by ducklings according to the body type robustness in proportion;
B. selecting a first laying egg, and selecting male ducks and female ducks with high egg yield and high breeding value according to the breeding value of the individual of the generation calculated by combining the egg number of the whole period of the previous generation with pedigree data;
C. egg laying determination, wherein when the female duck of the generation starts to produce eggs, the number of qualified eggs produced by the female duck of the generation is recorded;
D. second egg laying selection, counting the individual egg laying amount of the female ducks of the generation, estimating the breeding value by combining pedigree data, then carrying out second egg laying selection and retention, and selecting and retaining the male ducks and the female ducks with high egg laying amount breeding values according to the proportion;
E. establishing a family: establishing a full-sib family by the male duck and the female duck of the generation according to a proportion, and breeding the male duck and the female duck of the generation for the next generation;
F. repeating the steps A to E;
the proportion of the first egg laying screening is as follows: the male duck seed reserving rate is 10-20%, and the female duck seed reserving rate is 30-35%;
the proportion of the second egg laying screening is as follows: the male duck seed reserving rate is 1.5%, and the female duck seed reserving rate is 22.5%.
2. The selective breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein the early initial selection time is 21 days old of Muscovy ducks.
3. The selective breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of the Muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein the high-quality groups selected in the early stage account for more than 90% of the whole.
4. The selective breeding method capable of improving the laying capacity of Muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein the first laying selection time is 35 days old of Muscovy ducks.
5. The selective breeding method capable of improving the laying amount of Muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein the second laying selection time is 280 days old of Muscovy ducks.
6. The selective breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of male ducks to female ducks in the family establishment is 1: 15.
7. the selective breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein the first egg laying selection is performed while checking the body and appearance of the duck group, so that the individuals with weak weight, poor quality, slow hair growth, reverse wings, lameness and no shoulder feather growth are eliminated.
8. The selective breeding method capable of improving the egg yield of Muscovy ducks according to claim 1 or 7, wherein after the first egg laying, the weight of the duck group is measured and selected, when the duck group is 77 days old, the weight of the individual is measured, and the individual with uniform weight is selected according to the measurement result, so that 6-12 male ducks are selected for each family, and 20-40 female ducks are selected for each family.
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| CN109076981A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-25 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | The biological pad cage culture method of kind duck rearging cage and measurement kind duck reproductive performance |
| CN109122576A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-04 | 安庆永强农业科技股份有限公司 | The laying period management method of large-scale cultivation kind duck |
| CN109197777A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-15 | 南宁学院 | A kind of breeding method of high egg production sesame duck |
| CN109937964B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-08-13 | 广东温氏南方家禽育种有限公司 | Genetic improvement method for conversion rate of high-quality chicken feed |
| CN110570027B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2022-10-25 | 安庆永强农业科技股份有限公司 | Data analysis-based high-laying-rate muscovy duck breeding method |
| CN112273322A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-29 | 安庆永强农业科技股份有限公司 | Muscovy duck strain breeding method based on data analysis |
| CN112956448B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-11-01 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Strain breeding method for improving early egg weight of local special laying hens |
| CN112970674B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-07-19 | 温氏食品集团股份有限公司 | Muscovy duck breeding method without leg disease |
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| CN103027006A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2013-04-10 | 常州市立华畜禽有限公司 | Water bird individual breeding method |
| CN103651254A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-26 | 绍兴咸亨绍鸭育种有限公司 | Preserving and breeding method for ducks |
| CN103782960A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-14 | 贵州大学 | Breed conservation method for Sansui ducks |
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