CN107182900B - Method for researching growth and development rules of breeding hens based on maximum qualified egg number - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a research method for the growth and development rule of breeding hens based on the maximum qualified egg number. The invention has the advantages that: according to the demonstration, the laying rate of the breeding hens fed according to the growth rule of the breeding hens obtained by the research method is effectively improved, the laying rate is averagely improved by nearly 10 percent, the economic benefit is greatly improved, and the method has important significance for improving the laying quality of the breeding hens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry production, and particularly relates to a method for researching growth and development rules of breeding hens based on the maximum qualified egg number.
Technical Field
The weight is the most important and easily measurable index for the growth and development of the breeding hens. The weight of the breeding hens is controlled by limiting feeding, maintenance requirements can be reduced, the later egg weight is reduced, and the later laying rate, the later hatching egg utilization rate and the fertilization rate are improved. The growth and development rules of the specific breeders are researched, and the specific breeders can be directionally fed or fed with daily ration with specific nutrition level by utilizing the growth and development rules, so that the specific breeders can normally develop and produce more qualified breeding eggs and reduce the feed consumption. China is the first layer chicken producing country and the second big meat chicken producing country in the world. 59.33 ten thousand sets of laying hen ancestors, 1734.0 ten thousand sets of parental generations, 95.33 ten thousand sets of white feather broiler ancestors, 4456.21 ten thousand sets of parental generations, 132.5 ten thousand sets of yellow feather broiler progenitors and 3561.11 ten thousand sets of parental generations are stocked in 2015, 6400 ten thousand broiler breeders and 700 ten thousand laying hen seedlings can be produced in every year in the whole country if each set of parental breeding hens produce 1 more qualified egg in each year. Therefore, the research on the growth and development rules of the breeding hens is of great significance.
Many stockbreeding veterinarians study the growth and development rules of breeding hens, and the method comprises the steps of feeding ration with a specific nutrition level or a specific feeding amount under a certain feeding condition, measuring the average weight and the average material consumption of the breeding hens in the related week to further obtain the growth and development rules of the breeding hens of a certain generation of a certain chicken variety. The methods of these studies did not evaluate the quality of growth based on the number of qualified eggs, nor did they generate a weight growth curve with the highest number of qualified eggs. The research firstly provides a research method based on the growth and development rules of the breeding hens with the largest qualified egg number, is beneficial to exerting the production potential of the breeding hens and promotes the industrial development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the matched parent group and the propagation group of laying hens and yellow-feather broilers.
The invention aims to provide a research method based on the growth and development rules of the most qualified breeding hens. In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a research method for the growth and development rules of breeding hens based on the maximum qualified egg number is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting 1600 sets or more of healthy mother seedlings of a certain variety to be tested, wearing the wing numbers, weighing the birth weight and recording the corresponding wing numbers; cage culture in the whole process, conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and management measures.
2. The egg breeding hens are freely fed at 0-6 weeks old, and are randomly divided into 8 groups at the beginning of 7 weeks old, each group is repeated for 4-6 times, and each group is repeated for more than 30 times; feeding 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% of free feed intake from 8 groups of 7-18 weeks old respectively, transferring into laying hen house with each repetition as unit at the beginning of 19 weeks old, starting free feed intake, and reducing feed per chicken by 0-1g every two weeks after 46 weeks old; yellow-feather broiler breeders are fed freely at 0-3 weeks, 8 groups are randomly divided at the beginning of 4 weeks, each group is repeated for 4-6 times, more than 30 of yellow-feather broiler breeders are repeated, 8 groups at 4-20 weeks are respectively fed with 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% of the free feed intake, the yellow-feather broiler breeders are transferred to an egg laying hen house by taking each repetition as a unit at the beginning of 21 weeks, 1g of feed is added to each group every day from 21 weeks, the peak feed intake is reached when the egg laying rate reaches 35%, and 0.5g of feed is reduced to each chicken every week after 36 weeks.
3. Determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at 1-40 weeks of age, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group at the end of each week of age; determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at the age of 41-66 weeks, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group every two weeks; determining the number of chickens per day, the number of eggs laid, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week for each repetition; and (4) counting the average weight, feed consumption, egg laying number, egg weight, qualified egg number and the total number of qualified eggs at the age of-66 weeks from the first birth of each group.
4. Sorting the eggs according to the number of the eggs in each combined lattice, and selecting two groups with more qualified eggs for the next observation.
5. Selecting the variety to measure 2000 sets or more of healthy mother seedlings, wearing the wing numbers, weighing the birth weight, recording the corresponding wing numbers, and dividing into two groups; and (4) observing again according to the two feeding modes selected in the step (4), feeding in a single cage in the egg laying period, and performing other feeding management measures as in the step (1).
6. Measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each week at the age of 1-40 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number, and measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each two weeks at the age of 41-66 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number; determining the age of the individual at the day of laying, the weight of eggs laid at the beginning, the weight of the eggs laid at the beginning, the number of eggs laid at each week, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week; and (4) counting the egg laying number of each individual at the age of-66 weeks, the qualified egg number and the average qualified egg number of each group. And selecting the group with the largest average qualified egg number to enter the next work.
7. And (4) sorting the group with the largest average qualified egg number selected in the step (6) according to the individual qualified egg number from small to large, selecting the individuals with the top 20-30% of the qualified egg number, and counting the average weight and the average feed consumption of each measured week age of the selected individuals.
8. And (4) taking the week age as a horizontal coordinate, taking the average weight of each week age counted in the step (7) as a vertical coordinate to be used as a scatter diagram, supplementing the weight of the week age which is not measured by an interpolation method, connecting all points and smoothing the points to obtain a smooth curve, namely the growth and development rule of the breeding hens with the largest number of qualified eggs of the measured variety for the next generation. (7) The average material consumption of each week age obtained by statistics in the step (1) is the recommended material consumption.
9. The method is applied to feeding the hens of the corresponding generation of the research variety according to the recommended feed consumption, and adopts various management measures to increase the weight of the hens according to the growth rule.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the demonstration, the laying rate of the breeding hens fed according to the growth rule of the breeding hens obtained by the research method is effectively improved, the laying rate is averagely improved by nearly 10 percent, the economic benefit is greatly improved, and the method has important significance for improving the laying quality of the breeding hens.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are graphs of example 1.
Fig. 3 and 4 are graphs of comparative example 1.
Fig. 5 and 6 are graphs of example 2.
Fig. 7 and 8 are graphs of comparative example 2.
Example 1
1. Selecting 1600 or more sets of parent-offspring-2 Su fowl yellow chicken, wearing wing number, weighing birth weight and recording corresponding wing number; cage culture in the whole process, conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and management measures.
2. Freely feeding at 0-3 weeks, randomly dividing 1440 or more hens with similar body weight initially selected at 4 weeks into 8 groups, each group has 4-6 repetitions, and each repetition has more than 30 repetitions; feeding 8 groups of 4-20 weeks old with free feed intake of 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, and transferring into laying hen house with each repetition as unit at the beginning of 21 weeks old; 1g of feed is added to each chicken every day from 21 weeks old until the laying rate reaches 35 percent, and the peak feeding amount is reached; after 36 weeks of age, 0.5g of feed was subtracted per chicken per week.
3. Determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at 1-40 weeks of age, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group at the end of each week of age; determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at the age of 41-66 weeks, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group every two weeks; determining the number of chickens per day, the number of eggs laid, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week for each repetition; and (4) counting the average body weight, feed consumption, egg laying number, egg weight, qualified egg number and qualified egg number of the group at the age of-66 weeks from the first birth.
4. Sorting the eggs according to the number of the eggs in each combined lattice, and selecting two groups with more qualified eggs and feeding amount accounting for 70% and 75% of free feed intake to perform next observation.
5. Selecting 2000 sets or more of parent generation mother seedlings of the variety, wearing wing numbers, weighing birth weight, recording corresponding wing numbers, dividing into two groups, feeding according to the feeding amount of each week age of the two groups of 70% and 75% of the free feed intake selected in the step (4), feeding in a single cage in the egg laying period, and performing the other feeding management measures as in the step (1).
6. Measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each week at the age of 1-40 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number, and measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each two weeks at the age of 41-66 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number; determining the age of the individual at the day of laying, the weight of eggs laid at the beginning, the weight of the eggs laid at the beginning, the number of eggs laid at each week, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week; and (4) counting the egg laying number of each individual at the age of-66 weeks, the qualified egg number and the average qualified egg number of each group. And selecting a group with the average qualified egg number and the feeding amount accounting for 70 percent of the free feed intake to enter the next step.
7. And (4) sorting a group with more average qualified eggs selected in the step (6) according to the number of the qualified eggs of the individual, selecting 200-300 individuals with more qualified eggs, and counting the average weight and the average material consumption of each measured week age of the selected individuals.
8. And (3) taking the week age as an abscissa, taking the average body weight of each week age counted in the step (7) as an ordinate to make a scatter diagram, supplementing the body weight of the week age which is not measured by an interpolation method, connecting all points and smoothing the points to obtain a smooth curve, namely the growth and development rule of the Su-bird yellow chicken No. 2 parental generation hen based on the maximum qualified egg number, as shown in figure 1. The weekly age is used as the abscissa and the weekly average laying rate is used as the ordinate, so that the weekly laying rate curve of the Su-avian yellow chicken No. 2 parental generation hens with high qualified egg number is obtained, as shown in FIG. 2. (7) The average feed consumption of the Su-bird yellow chicken 2 parental generation hens is obtained through statistics, and is the recommended feed consumption of the Su-bird yellow chicken 2 parental generation hens.
9. The application comprises the following steps: recommending the weight of the variety in the key week and corresponding feeding amount standard: 4. the weight of the body is 329-338 g and 1980-2015 g respectively at 20 weeks, and the average daily feeding amount is 51.2-52.5 g and 122.9-125.5 g respectively. According to the recommended feeding amount and weight standard in the feeding and raising of Su fowl yellow chicken No. 2 parent generation hens, various management measures are adopted to increase the weight of the breeding hens according to the growth rule.
Comparative example 1
1. Selecting 2000 Su fowl yellow chicken No. 2 parent healthy breeding broods from the same batch of breeding hens, randomly and evenly dividing into a group 1 and a group 2, wearing wing numbers, weighing birth weight and recording corresponding wing numbers.
2. Individuals of the two groups are raised under the same raising environmental conditions, management measures and nutrition levels, and the group 1 refers to the standard curve of the growth rule of the Su-fowl yellow chicken No. 2 parental breeding hens based on the maximum qualified egg number obtained in the example 1 in the raising process and adopts the standard of the feeding amount to control the growth and development; group 2 was fed with a feeding amount of 70% of the free feed intake in example 1 for each week.
3. Relevant performance data was collected in the same manner as in example 1.
4. Growth and development rule curves of two groups of group 1 and group 2 were obtained according to the same method as in example 1, respectively, as shown in fig. 3; the weekly laying rate profiles of both groups 1 and 2 are shown in figure 4.
5. As can be seen from fig. 3, through the application of the growth rule curve based on the maximum qualified egg number, the key week-old body weight and the corresponding feeding amount standard obtained in example 1, the group 1 suaviary yellow chicken 2 parental generation hen population is regulated to reach the standard, the early growth and development control is more sufficient, the later stage body weight and the egg weight are better maintained, the body weight of the 4, 20 and 66 week-old bodies of the group 2 (the population without growth and development control) is respectively reduced from 317.6 g to 300.0 g, 2099.0 g to 1955.2 g and 3050.3 g to 2891.2 g, and the reduction ranges are respectively 5.5%, 6.9% and 8.2%.
6. As can be seen from fig. 4, through the application of the research results of example 1, the egg laying performance genetic potential of the group 1 Su-avian yellow croaker No. 2 parental generation hen population is greatly exerted, the qualified egg laying rate is high, the average egg laying number of the 66-week-old hen population is increased from 188.7 to 201.4 and increased by 6.7% compared with the group 2 (population without growth and development control), and the qualified egg laying number is increased from 180.4 to 194.5 and increased by 7.8%.
Example 2
1. Selecting 1600 sets or more of parent seeds of Su-avian laying hens, wearing wing numbers, weighing birth weight and recording corresponding wing numbers; cage culture in the whole process, conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and management measures.
2. Freely eating at 0-6 weeks, randomly dividing parent generation and mother seedlings of 1440 or more threo avian green shell laying hens with similar body weight at 7 weeks into 8 groups, and repeating for 4-6 in each group and more than 30 in each group; feeding 8 groups of 7-18 weeks old with 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% of free feed intake, respectively, and transferring into laying hen house with each repetition as unit at the beginning of 19 weeks old; the feed is freely fed from 19 weeks of age, and each chicken is simultaneously reduced by 0.5g every two weeks in each group at 46-66 weeks of age.
3. Determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at 1-40 weeks of age, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group at the end of each week of age; determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at the age of 41-66 weeks, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group every two weeks; determining the number of chickens per day, the number of eggs laid, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week for each repetition; and (4) counting the average weight, feed consumption, egg laying number, average egg weight, qualified egg number and qualified egg number of the group at the age of-66 weeks from the first birth.
4. Sorting the eggs according to the number of the eggs in each combined lattice from small to large, selecting two groups with the feeding amount of 7-18 weeks old and the qualified eggs with large number accounting for 85% and 90% of the free feed intake, and carrying out the next observation.
5. Selecting 2000 sets or more of healthy mother seedlings of the variety, wearing wing numbers, weighing birth weight, recording corresponding wing numbers, and dividing into two groups; and (4) selecting two groups of feeding amount of each week age for feeding according to the step (4), feeding in a single cage in the egg laying period, and performing other feeding management measures as in the step (1).
6. Measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each week at the age of 1-40 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number, and measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each two weeks at the age of 41-66 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number; determining the age of the individual at the day of laying, the weight of eggs laid at the beginning, the weight of the eggs laid at the beginning, the number of eggs laid at each week, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week; and (4) counting the egg laying number of each individual at the age of-66 weeks, the qualified egg number and the average qualified egg number of each group. And selecting the group with the largest average qualified egg number and the feeding amount accounting for 90 percent of the free feed intake to enter the next step.
7. And (4) sorting the group with the feeding amount accounting for 90% of the free feed intake in the step (6) according to the qualified egg number of the individual, selecting 200-300 individuals with more qualified egg number, and counting the average weight and the average feed consumption of each measured week age of the selected individuals.
8. And (3) taking the week age as an abscissa, taking the average weight of each week age counted in the step (7) as an ordinate to make a scatter diagram, supplementing the weight of the week age which is not measured by an interpolation method, connecting all points and smoothing the points to obtain a smooth curve, namely the growth and development rule with the maximum qualified egg number of the parent breeding hens of the Su-fowl green-shell laying hens, as shown in figure 5. The weekly age is used as the abscissa and the weekly average laying rate is used as the ordinate, so that the weekly laying rate curve of the parent generation hens of the Su-avian laying hens with a large number of qualified eggs is obtained, as shown in FIG. 6. (7) The average feed consumption of all ages in week is the recommended feed consumption of parent-generation hens of the Su-avian green-shell laying hens.
9. The application comprises the following steps: the production performance and the material consumption of the variety are recommended as follows: 6. the weight of the 18-week-old human body is 325-338 g and 1137-1158 g respectively, and the average daily material consumption is 41.2-42.5 g and 80.6-82.6 g respectively. According to the recommended feeding amount and weight standard in the feeding of parent generation hens of Su-avian green shell laying hens, various management measures are adopted to ensure that the weight of the hens grows according to the growth rule.
Comparative example 2
1. Selecting 2000 healthy parent-offspring broods of Su fowl green shell laying hens from the same batch of breeding hens, randomly and evenly dividing into a group 3 and a group 4, wearing wing numbers, weighing birth weight and recording corresponding wing numbers.
2. Individuals of the two groups are raised under the same raising environmental conditions, management measures and nutrition levels, and the group 3 performs growth and development control by adopting a feeding amount standard according to the standard curve of the growth rule based on the maximum egg laying number of qualified seeds obtained in the example 2 in the raising process; group 4 was fed with a feed volume per week that was 90% of the free feed volume.
3. Relevant performance data was collected in the same manner as in example 2.
4. Growth and development rule curves of two populations of group 3 and group 4 were obtained according to the same method as in example 2, respectively, as shown in fig. 7; the weekly laying rate profiles of both groups 3 and 4 are shown in figure 8.
5. As can be seen from fig. 7, through the application of the growth rule curve based on the maximum qualified egg number, the key week-old body weight and the corresponding feeding amount standard obtained in example 2, the feed intake of the group of parent generation hens of the group 3 Su avian laying hens reaches the standard, the early growth and development are more sufficient, the body weights of 6 and 18 weeks old are respectively increased from 319.3 g to 335.2 g and 1081.3 g to 1154.7 g, and the increase ranges are 5.0% and 6.8% respectively, compared with those of the group 4 (the group without growth and development control); the body weight at 66 weeks of age increased from 1703.8 grams to 1797.3 grams, an increase of 5.5%.
6. As can be seen from fig. 8, through the application of the research results of example 2, the egg laying performance genetic potential of the parent generation hen population of group 3 Su avian laying hens is greatly exerted, the egg qualification rate is high, the average egg laying number of 66 weeks old of group 4 (population without growth and development control) is increased from 205.4 to 226.2, the egg laying number is increased by 10.2%, and the qualified egg laying number is increased from 196.5 to 217.5, and the egg laying number is increased by 10.7%.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A research method based on the growth and development rules of the most qualified breeding hens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting 1600 sets or more of healthy mother seedlings of a certain variety to be tested, wearing the wing numbers, weighing the birth weight, recording the corresponding wing numbers, and cage-culturing in the whole process;
2) the laying hens are fed freely at 0-6 weeks, the eggs are randomly divided into 8 groups at the beginning of 7 weeks, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% of the free feed intake of the eggs are respectively fed from the 8 groups at the beginning of 7-18 weeks, the eggs are transferred into an egg laying hen house with each repetition as a unit at the beginning of 19 weeks, the free feed intake is started, and 0-1g of feed is reduced for each chicken every two weeks after 46 weeks;
3) determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at 1-40 weeks of age, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group at the end of each week of age; determining the material consumption of each repetition of each group every week at the age of 41-66 weeks, and determining the average body weight of each repetition of each group every two weeks; determining the number of chickens per day, the number of eggs laid, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week for each repetition; counting the average weight, feed consumption, egg laying number, egg weight, qualified egg number and the total number of qualified eggs at the age of-66 weeks of the first birth of each group;
4) sorting the eggs according to the number of the eggs in each combined lattice from multiple to few, and selecting two groups with more qualified eggs for next observation;
5) selecting the variety to measure 2000 sets or more of healthy mother seedlings, wearing the wing numbers, weighing the birth weight, recording the corresponding wing numbers, and dividing into two groups; observing again according to the two feeding modes selected in the step 4), feeding in a single cage in the egg laying period, and performing other feeding management measures 1);
6) measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each week at the age of 1-40 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number, and measuring the weight and the material consumption of each individual in each group at the end of each two weeks at the age of 41-66 weeks and recording the corresponding wing number; determining the age of the individual at the day of laying, the weight of eggs laid at the beginning, the weight of the eggs laid at the beginning, the number of eggs laid at each week, the number of qualified eggs and the average egg weight per week; counting the number of eggs laid by each individual for-66 weeks, the number of qualified eggs and the average number of qualified eggs in each group, and selecting one group with the largest average number of qualified eggs to enter the next step;
7) sorting the group with the largest average qualified egg number selected in the step 6) from at least to the minimum qualified egg number of individuals, selecting the individuals with the top 20-30% of the qualified egg number, and counting the average weight and the average material consumption of each measured week age of the selected individuals;
8) taking the data obtained by statistics in the step 7) as a reference, taking the week age as a horizontal coordinate, taking the average weight of each week age obtained by statistics in the step 7) as a vertical coordinate to be used as a scatter diagram, supplementing the weight of the week age which is not measured by an interpolation method, connecting all points and performing smoothing treatment, wherein the obtained smooth curve is the growth and development rule of the breeding hens with the largest number of qualified eggs for the next generation of the measured variety;
9) the method is applied, the hens are fed according to the recommended feed consumption in the feeding of the corresponding generation hens of the research variety, and the average feed consumption of each week, which is obtained through statistics in the step 7), is the recommended feed consumption, so that the weight of the breeding hens is increased according to the growth rule.
2. The method for researching growth and development rules of breeding hens based on the maximum qualified egg number according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), when the selected breeding hens are yellow-feather broiler breeding hens, the breeding hens are fed in the following mode: yellow-feather broiler breeders are fed freely at 0-3 weeks, 8 groups are randomly divided at the beginning of 4 weeks, 8 groups at the beginning of 4-20 weeks are respectively fed with 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% of the free feed intake, the chickens at the beginning of 21 weeks are transferred into an egg laying henhouse by taking each repetition as a unit, 1g of feed is added to each group every day from the beginning of 21 weeks, the peak feed amount is reached when the egg laying rate is 35%, and 0.5g of feed is reduced to each chicken every week after 36 weeks.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein each group has 4-6 repeats, and each repeat has more than 30 repeats.
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