CN108207790B - Method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens - Google Patents
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 230000036750 egg laying performance Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens, which comprises the following steps: determining the target weight and the recommended feeding amount: (1) selecting 1000 or more healthy mothers of the variety to be tested, wearing wing numbers and weighing; (2) measuring the average material consumption of the population every week at the age of 1-12 weeks, and measuring the body weight of each individual at the end of each week; measuring individual material consumption every week at the age of 13-66 weeks; and counting the egg laying number and qualified egg number of each individual from the birth time to 66 weeks old. (3) Fitting the growth condition by using a Logistic model to determine the body weight growth turning point week age; (4) according to the weight data of 20 weeks, grouping according to the grade difference, determining the weight control range of 20 weeks, namely the target weight of 20 weeks; (5) sequencing from high to low according to the egg number, and determining the average weight and the average feed consumption of the week age; feeding according to the target weight and the average material consumption. Through specific implementation, the variation degree of the open-production day age of the technology is reduced by 27%, the egg yield in 66 weeks is improved by more than 10, the number of qualified eggs in 66 weeks is improved by about 5, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry production, and particularly relates to a method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens.
Technical Field
2016-2020 is an important transformation period for the development of the broiler industry from quantity type to quality, benefit and ecology, the improvement of the level of the facility automation process, the improvement of the breeding production efficiency and the product safety are the main directions for the development of the broiler industry in the future. China is a big meat and poultry breeding country, and the quantity of stocked and stocked poultry is the second place in the world. Through the development in 2011-2015, the standardized large-scale degree of broiler and poultry breeding in China is greatly improved, but the problems of too many immunization times, increased pollution caused by excrement (waste), low energy efficiency and the like still exist, and the sustainable development of the poultry industry is limited. Efficient, high-quality, safe and standardized scale cultivation of poultry is long-term system engineering, aims at improving cultivation efficiency and chicken product quality safety, integrates key technologies for improving quality and increasing efficiency of various cultivation links, and has important significance for promoting transformation and upgrading of poultry industry.
The annual demand of breeding hens in only parent generations of broilers in China exceeds 7000 million, the annual marketing amount of the broilers exceeds 100 hundred million, compared with developed countries, the breeding technology and innovation are quite different, most of the breeders are small and medium-sized breeders, the application degree of advanced application technologies such as facility equipment is poor, the production mode is laggard, the intelligent management and product quality control are not high, the conversion rate is low, and the production performance is lower than the level of the developed countries.
Body weight is the most important, direct and easily measured indicator of growth and development. The weight of the chicken is likely to increase, decrease and maintain at any time. That is, the change in body weight over time can form an infinite number of possible curves. The analysis and fitting of the growth curve of the livestock and poultry is one of the main methods for researching the growth and development rules of the livestock and poultry, and the growth curve analysis is essentially to integrate the information provided by weight data of different periods into a few parameters, so that the characteristics of the growth curves of different individuals are regarded as important comprehensive economic indexes. The basic mode of the growth and development of the livestock and poultry can be judged by analyzing and fitting the growth and development rules of the livestock and poultry by using the growth curve model, and various traits closely related to the production of the poultry, such as feed utilization rate, weight, growth rate and the like in each growth period can be predicted.
The invention provides a technology for finely managing breeding hens for the first time, provides scientific basis for the research result of growth and development rules for the whole production plan, effectively improves the laying rate and the feed-egg ratio of the breeding hens, and realizes the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of breeding hen production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at local chicken breeders and new breed (strain) breeders cultivated by taking the local chicken as a material, and aims to provide a method for improving the egg laying performance of breeding hens, so that the egg laying performance of the breeding hens can be fully exerted, and the maximum seed production efficiency is exerted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens comprises the following steps:
determining the target weight and the recommended feeding amount:
(1) selecting 1000 or more healthy mothers of the variety to be tested, wearing wing numbers and weighing;
(2) measuring the average material consumption of the population every week at the age of 1-12 weeks, and measuring the body weight of each individual at the end of each week; measuring the individual material consumption every week at the age of 13-66 weeks;
(3) fitting the growth condition by using a Logistic model according to the average weight of the population at 1-12 weeks, and determining the week age of the growth inflection point of the weight; the Logistic model is:
yt＝A/(1+Be-kt)；
wherein: y istThe weight at t weeks of age, the parameter A is the limit weight, the parameter k is the growth rate parameter close to the limit weight, and the parameter B is the adjustment parameter;
(4) according to the weight data of 20 weeks, grouping according to the grade difference, determining the weight control range of 20 weeks, namely the target weight of 20 weeks;
(5) sorting the eggs from high to low, selecting individuals with the egg laying number close to the top 20-30%, and counting the average weight and the average feed consumption of the selected individuals at each week age, wherein the average feed consumption of each week age is the recommended feed amount;
secondly, feeding the breeding hens according to the target weight and the recommended feeding amount determined in the step I.
Preferably, the broods of 1-12 weeks old are bred in cages or in thick bedding and flat breeding in the step (1), the broods of 13-66 weeks old are bred in single cages, and the broods are bred in conventional nutrition levels, environmental conditions, breeding management measures, free food intake, free drinking and conventional immunity.
Preferably, the step (2) further comprises: measuring the body weight of the individual every two weeks and recording the corresponding wing number; and (4) determining the day age of the laying initiation, the weight of the laying initiation, the number of eggs laid in each week age, the average egg weight and the average material consumption in each week age of each individual, and counting the number of eggs laid in 66 weeks and the number of qualified eggs laid by each individual.
Preferably, the step (4) is divided into groups according to the weight data of 20 weeks, the group distance of the weight is 50-100g, and the weight range in which the qualified egg number is higher than the average qualified egg number is the weight control range of 20 weeks.
Preferably, the week age is used as an abscissa in the step (5), the average body weight of each week age obtained by statistics in the step (5) is used as an ordinate to be used as a scatter diagram, the missing body weight data is filled up by a linear interpolation method, and the obtained smooth curve is the growth and development rule of the population of the variety to be measured.
Preferably, in the breeding process of the hen of the variety to be tested, feeding recommended feeding amount is fed at each week, the body weight is measured at the inflection point week, and various measures are taken to ensure that the body weight is increased to control the body weight at 20 weeks according to the growth rule; when the body weight of the turning point week age is lower or higher than the target body weight, the weight is increased or reduced by 3 g of daily ration per 1 g, so that the body weight is increased according to the growth regulation and reaches the target body weight at the age of 20 weeks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: through specific implementation, the variation degree of the open-production day age of the technology is reduced by 27%, the egg yield in 66 weeks is improved by more than 10, the number of qualified eggs in 66 weeks is improved by about 5, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth and development rules of the local hen breeders with the highest egg production in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the laying rate of the local layer with the highest egg production in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a standard graph of growth law for both group 1 and group 2 populations;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the egg laying rate for both group 1 and group 2 populations;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the growth and development rules of hens of broiler breeders bred to maximize egg production in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the egg production rate per week of broiler hen breeders of example 2 having the most egg production;
FIG. 7 is a standard graph of growth rules for both group 3 and group 4 populations;
fig. 8 is a graph of the egg laying rate for both group 3 and group 4 populations.
Detailed Description
A method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens comprises the following steps:
1. selecting 1000 or more healthy female chicks of the variety to be tested, wearing the wing numbers, weighing birth weight and recording corresponding wing numbers; brooding is carried out in cages for 1-12 weeks of age, single-cage rearing is carried out in 13-66 weeks, conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions, rearing management measures, free ingestion, free drinking and conventional immunity are adopted.
2. Measuring the average material consumption of the population every week at the age of 1-12 weeks, and measuring the body weight of each individual at the end of each week; measuring individual material consumption every week at the age of 13-66 weeks; measuring the body weight of the individual every two weeks and recording the corresponding wing number; and (4) determining the day age of the laying period, the weight of the laying eggs, the weight of the laying period, the number of the laying eggs in each week age, the average egg weight and the average feed consumption of each individual, and counting the number of the laying eggs and the qualified breeding eggs of each individual from the laying period to 66 weeks age.
3. According to the average weight of the population at 1-12 weeks, fitting the growth condition by using a Logistic model to determine the week age of the inflection point of the weight growth, wherein the model is as follows: yt ═ A/(1+ Be)-kt). Wherein: y istThe weight at t weeks of age, parameter A is the ultimate weight, k is the growth rate parameter near the ultimate weight, and B is the regulatory parameter.
4. And (4) grouping according to the weight data of 20 weeks according to the grade difference, wherein the group distance of the weight is 50-100g, and the weight range in which the qualified egg number is higher than the average qualified egg number is the recommended weight control range of 20 weeks.
5. When the body weight of the turning point week is lower or higher than the target body weight by adopting various measures, the weight is increased or reduced by 3 g of daily ration per 1 g, so that the body weight is increased according to the growth rule and reaches the target body weight at the age of 20 weeks, and the egg laying performance is improved.
6. And (4) selecting individuals with the egg laying numbers close to the top 20-30% according to the sequence of the egg laying numbers from high to low, and counting the average weight and the average feed consumption of each determined week age of the selected individuals.
7. And (4) taking the week age as an abscissa, taking the average body weight of each week age counted in the step (6) as an ordinate to make a scatter diagram, and filling missing body weight data by using a linear interpolation method to obtain a smooth curve, namely a curve for determining the growth and development rule of the variety group. (6) The average material consumption of each week age obtained by statistics in the step (a) is the recommended feeding amount.
8. In the application, in the breeding of the hen of the determined variety, the weight is measured at the inflection point week age, various measures are taken to ensure that the weight is increased according to the growth rule to reach the control weight of 20 weeks age, and the recommended feed amount is fed at each week age.
Example 1
Local laying hens are selected, the conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and feeding management measures are adopted, free feeding is carried out, the local laying hens are fed in a single cage in the egg laying period, and the growth and development rule of the variety based on the maximum egg laying number is obtained through the following steps.
1. Selecting 1000 or more healthy female chicks, wearing the wing numbers, weighing birth weight and recording corresponding wing numbers.
2. Measuring the average material consumption of the population every week at the age of 1-12 weeks, measuring the weight of each individual at the end of each week, and recording the corresponding wing number; measuring the material consumption of each individual body every week at the age of 13-66 weeks; individual body weights were measured every two weeks at 13-66 weeks of age and the corresponding wing numbers were recorded.
3. Growth was fitted using Logistic model and the body weight growth inflection point week age was determined to be 7.36 weeks, see table 1.
TABLE 1 growth Curve fitting parameter estimates and fitness
4. And (4) determining the day age of laying, the weight of laying eggs, the number of laying eggs of each week age and the average egg weight of each individual, and counting the number of laying eggs and qualified eggs of each individual from the day age of laying to 66 weeks age. The eggs and qualified eggs are highest when the weight is 1300-1500g according to the group distance of the weight of 100g by grouping the weight data of 20 weeks of age according to the grade difference, which is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 220 Weekage weight Performance between different groups
5. And (4) selecting 200-300 individuals with more egg production in the step (4), and calculating the average weight and the average feed consumption of the individuals after 20 weeks of age.
6. And (4) taking the week age as an abscissa and the average body weight of each week age counted in the step (5) as an ordinate to make a scatter diagram, wherein the obtained smooth curve is the growth and development rule of the local hen species with the largest egg number, as shown in figure 1. The weekly age is used as the abscissa and the weekly average laying rate is used as the ordinate, and the curve of the laying rate in the local laying hens with the largest laying number is obtained, as shown in fig. 2. (5) The average feed consumption of each week obtained by statistics in the method is the recommended feeding amount of local laying hens.
7. The application comprises the following steps: the key week-old body weight and corresponding feeding amount recommendation standard of the variety are as follows: 7. the weight of the 20-week-old-age food is respectively 650-1300 g and 1300-1500g, and the average daily material consumption is respectively 42.3-43.5 g and 82.6-83.3 g. According to the feeding amount and weight standard in local breeding hen feeding, when the weight is lower than or higher than the target weight by taking various measures at the age of 7 weeks, the weight needs to be increased or reduced by 1 g more and 3 g daily ration is increased or reduced, so that the weight is increased according to the growth rule and the egg laying performance is improved.
Comparative example 1
1. 2000 local healthy hens from the same batch of breeding hens were selected, randomly and evenly divided into group 1 and group 2, and were worn with wing numbers and called birth weight.
2. Individuals of the two groups are raised under the same raising environmental conditions, management measures and nutrition levels, the group 1 is weighed at the turning point week age in the raising process according to the example 1, and the growth and development are controlled according to the obtained standard curve of the growth rule according to the target weight of the 20 week age by adopting the feeding amount standard; group 2 adopted free feeding.
3. Relevant performance data was collected in the same manner as in example 1.
4. Growth and development rule curves of the two groups of the group 1 and the group 2 are respectively obtained according to the same method in the embodiment 1 and are shown as 3; the weekly laying rate profiles of both groups 1 and 2 are shown in figure 4.
5. As can be seen from table 3, through the application of the growth law curve based on the maximum egg production number obtained in example 1 and the key week-old body weight and corresponding feeding amount standard, the group 1 (the group with growth and development control) group feed amount reaches the standard, the growth and development in the early stage are more sufficient, the body weights of 7 and 20 weeks old of the group 2 (the group with free feeding) are respectively improved by 60.8 g and 112.2 g, the variation degrees are respectively reduced by 5.1% and 12.9%, the variation degree of 2 days old of production is reduced by 26.9%, the average egg production number and qualified egg number of 66 weeks old are improved from 220.7 and 219.7 to 235.4 and 225.2, and 14.7 and 5.5 are increased.
Table 3 comparison of group 1 and group 2 production Performance
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of selecting bred broiler breeders, feeding the broiler breeders freely according to conventional nutrition levels, environmental conditions and feeding management measures, feeding the broiler breeders in a single cage in an egg laying period, and obtaining the growth and development rule of the breeder based on the maximum egg laying number through the following steps.
1. Selecting 1000 or more healthy female chicks, wearing the wing numbers, weighing birth weight and recording corresponding wing numbers.
2. Measuring the average material consumption of the population every week at the age of 1-12 weeks, measuring the weight of each individual at the end of each week, and recording the corresponding wing number; measuring the material consumption of each individual body every week at the age of 13-66 weeks; individual body weights were measured every two weeks at 13-32 weeks of age and the corresponding wing numbers were recorded.
3. Growth was fitted using Logistic model and the body weight growth inflection point week age was determined to be 8.804 weeks, see table 4.
TABLE 4 growth Curve fitting parameter estimates and fitness
4. And (4) determining the day age of laying, the weight of laying eggs, the number of laying eggs of each week age and the average egg weight of each individual, and counting the number of laying eggs and qualified eggs of each individual from the day age of laying to 66 weeks age. The eggs and qualified eggs are highest when the weight is determined to be 2600-2800g according to the weight data of 20 weeks old grouped according to the grade difference and the group distance of the weight is 100g, which is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 520 Weekly weight Productivity between different fractions
5. And (4) selecting 300 individuals with the largest egg number in the eggs, and calculating the average weight and the average feed consumption of each measured week age of the individuals.
6. And (4) taking the week age as an abscissa and the average body weight of each week age counted in the step (4) as an ordinate to make a scatter diagram, wherein the obtained smooth curve is the growth and development rule of the bred broiler hen with the largest egg number, and is shown in fig. 5. The weekly age is used as a horizontal coordinate, and the weekly average laying rate is used as a vertical coordinate, so that a broiler hen per-week laying rate curve with a large number of eggs is obtained, as shown in fig. 6. And (4) statistically obtaining the average feed consumption of each week age, namely the recommended feeding amount of the broiler hen.
7. The application comprises the following steps: the key week-old body weight and corresponding feeding amount recommendation standard of the variety are as follows: 8. the weight of the 20-week-old-year. According to the feed amount and the weight standard in the feeding of the bred broiler hen, various measures are taken to increase the weight according to the growth rule and improve the egg laying performance.
Comparative example 2
1. Selecting 2000 healthy broiler hens from the same batch of bred broiler hens, randomly and evenly dividing the healthy hens into a group 3 and a group 4, wearing wing numbers, and weighing the young chicks.
2. Individuals of the two groups are raised under the same raising environmental conditions, management measures and nutrition levels, the group 3 is weighed at the turning point week age according to the example 2 in the raising process, and the growth and development are controlled according to the obtained standard curve of the growth rule according to the target weight of the 20 week age by adopting the feeding amount standard; group 4 adopted free feeding.
3. Relevant performance data was collected in the same manner as in example 2.
4. Growth and development rule curves of two populations of group 3 and group 4 were obtained according to the same method as in example 2, respectively, as shown in fig. 7; the weekly laying rate profiles of both groups 3 and 4 are shown in figure 8.
5. As can be seen from table 6, through the application of the growth law curve with the largest egg yield obtained in example 2 and the key week-old body weight and corresponding feeding amount standard, the group 3 (the group with growth and development control) group feed amount reaches the standard, the growth and development in the early stage are more sufficient, the body weights of 8 and 20 weeks old of the group 4 (the group with free feeding) are respectively improved by 99 g and 163.9 g, the variation degrees are respectively reduced by 8.7% and 13.1%, the variation degree of 2 days old of birth is reduced by 27.0%, the average egg yield and the qualified egg number of 66 weeks old are improved from 161.5 and 159.7 to 172.62 and 163.9, and the average egg yield and the qualified egg number are increased by 11.1 and 4.2.
Table 6 comparison of group 3 and group 4 production Properties
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the target weight and the recommended feeding amount:
(1) selecting 1000 or more healthy mothers of the variety to be tested, wearing wing numbers and weighing;
(2) measuring the average material consumption of the population every week at the age of 1-12 weeks, and measuring the body weight of each individual at the end of each week; measuring individual material consumption every week at the age of 13-66 weeks; counting the egg laying number and qualified egg number of each individual from the birth time to 66 weeks old;
(3) fitting the growth condition by using a Logistic model according to the average weight of the population at 1-12 weeks, and determining the week age of the growth inflection point of the weight; the Logistic model is:
yt＝A/(1+Be-kt)；
wherein: y istThe weight at t weeks of age, the parameter A is the limit weight, the parameter k is the growth rate parameter close to the limit weight, and the parameter B is the regulation parameter;
(4) according to the weight data of 20 weeks, grouping according to the grade difference, determining the weight control range of 20 weeks, namely the target weight of 20 weeks; grouping according to the weight data of 20 weeks, wherein the group distance of the weight is 50-100g, and the weight range of qualified hatching eggs higher than the average qualified hatching egg number is the weight control range of 20 weeks;
(5) sorting the eggs from high to low, selecting individuals with the egg laying number close to the top 20-30%, and counting the average weight and the average feed consumption of the selected individuals at each week age, wherein the average feed consumption of each week age is the recommended feed amount; taking the week age as a horizontal coordinate, taking the average body weight of each week age obtained through statistics as a vertical coordinate to be used as a scatter diagram, and filling up missing body weight data by using a linear interpolation method to obtain a smooth curve which is the growth and development rule of the population of the variety to be measured;
feeding the breeding hens according to the target weight and the recommended feeding amount determined in the step I; in the breeding process of the breeding hens of which the breeds are determined, feeding recommended feeding amount is required to be fed at each week age, the weight is measured at the inflection point week age, and various measures are taken to ensure that the weight is increased according to the growth rule to reach the control weight of 20 weeks; when the body weight of the turning point at the week age is lower or higher than the target body weight, the weight is increased or reduced by 3 g of daily ration per 1 g, so that the body weight is increased according to the growth rule and reaches the target body weight at the age of 20 weeks.
2. The method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens according to claim 1, wherein the 1-12-week-old brood is bred in a cage or a thick-bedding breeding way in the step (1), the 13-66-week-old single cage is bred, and the conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions, feeding management measures, free food intake, free drinking water and conventional immunity are adopted.
3. The method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens of claim 1, wherein the step (2) further comprises: measuring the body weight of the individual every two weeks and recording the corresponding wing number; and (4) determining the day age of the laying initiation, the weight of the laying initiation, the number of eggs laid in each week age, the average egg weight and the average material consumption in each week.
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| CN103563833B (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2018-05-22 | 李东 | Breeder industrialization breed system combines selection |
| CN103329850B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | A kind of laying hen selection and breeding method for new strain of raising breeding group based on commodity egg chicken coop |
| CN104285880B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-08-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of production of hybrid seeds pattern of black plumage chicken breed system |
| CN107182901B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-07-14 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Research method based on growth and development rules of local chickens with the largest egg number |
| CN107182900B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-07-14 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Method for researching growth and development rules of breeding hens based on maximum qualified egg number |
| CN107251870B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-08-11 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Research method for growth and development rule of laying hens based on maximum egg yield |
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