CN103563833B - Breeder industrialization breed system combines selection - Google Patents
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Abstract
Double select index methods：Using ecological genetics theory and ecological optimal breeding principle, " natural selection and artificial selection method " is combined, makes every effort to find best joint therebetween.The breeding effect of its scheme is realized with " ecological hybrid heritability index ".The pure lines offspring for being according to product group and filial generation measurement result：A, B, C system is respectively by product group system after numerous, is carried out at the same time that A, B are orthogonal, and B, C are orthogonal, and mating random apolegamy observes its filial generation production performance and chooses seeds.Each product group is that completely random selects 35 cocks, 30 150 hen compositions.58 product group systems are built, combines and selects two eposides, reach the standard effect of industrialization breed system joint selection and breeding.In laying hen, broiler chicken breed systemA、B、CIn ternary breed system, the gene of short-foot containing dw is used as B systems, and it is of fine quality that egg meat is embodied in maternal；Feed 20 25% is saved than common breed system, reproductive capacity at least improves more than 60%.
Description
First, technical field
In Animal Genetics science, " breeder industrialization breed system combines selection ", it is high and new technology in industry
Economy and the new invention new discovery in kownledge economy.
2nd, background technology (body matter)
1st, industrialization breed system joint selection, is in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Li Dong researcher referred to as " connection selects method "
It designs and the selection and breeding side such as " the preferred breeding system of ecology " of Successful Practice, " double select index methods " " ecological hybrid heritability index "
In case, methods and techniques, further develop perfect scientific and technical innovation selection.
2nd, Li Dong researcher cultivates over more than 30 years, with the short-foot broiler chicken containing natural dw genes, particularly Beijing short-foot oil
Chicken --- capital Salted chicken etc., carries out the breed system production of hybrid seeds, and effect is unique and outstanding.
3rd, he applies《Ecological genetics》The theory of " hybrid genetic force ", passes through two to three generationsA-B-CIt is product
Group is selection and breeding, establishes preferable ternary breed system benign epilepsy.Here ternary is mating, multiple excellent genes it is big by three
First breed system is all by excellent minor-polygene, complementary genes, interacting genes, the organic of upper hypostatic gene selects group
Body.
4th, the current poultry industry breeding in China is nearly all to be sent using State Scientific and Technological Commission in 1978 in double ink, Li Dong etc. 6
Position visiting scholar goes to Romania to understand the suitable scientific research grasped, the breeding producing method for seed and program of teaching unit reference.It is only
Be suitable for exploratory breeding, into to lose all be unknown number.And industry breeding must be more, fast, good, save；Must be short, flat, fast
Running；Only permitted success, it is impossible to failure！This is the cardinal principle of poultry industry breeding.
5th, it is first both at home and abroad summarizing since genetic breeding theory and practice is all there are many new improvement, new creation over more than 30 years
Into genetic breeding theory and practice on the basis of, had new invention and discovery, it is unique to form the high-quality poultry in China
" breeder industrialization breed system combine selection ".
3rd, the content of the invention
1st, selection and breeding purpose and task：According to existing chicken group there are the problem of, be selection and breeding and the production of hybrid seeds by Phenotypic Selection, product group
Technology further improves breeding potential, early livewerght gain, survival rate, reduction feed consumption consumption；Especially emphasize that raising broiler chicken, laying hen are excellent
Gene purity improves 8 week old speed of weight increment.But B, C owner will improve egg laying performance and early livewerght gain；Pass through double select index simultaneously
It is horizontal to improve breed system " hybrid genetic force " for method.Precocious performance selection particularly sexually matured to mating B systems, it is flesh sweet acid, intramuscular
The discovery of fatty hereditary capacity between fatty chicken improves the quality and flavor of chicken egg, 68% is provided than common chicken flesh sweet acid；It is special
It is not " docosapentaenoic acid " that polyunsaturated fatty acid that is, needed by human improves more than 25%.
2nd, breeding basis chicken group, product group system were shown in Table 1-2 from brooding to 66 weeks or 72 week old (laying hen) tracking record statistics
3rd, clear group's cluster：Carry out Phenotypic Selection, especially in time to have diseased chicken, hat atrophy, hat whiten, anus tighten, hat whisker hair
In vain, chicken of the Adult Chicken pubis away from less than three finger beams is eliminated.Adjust cage position：The chicken number of every cage is adjusted to 2-3 chicken (quantity
Unanimously).
4th, cage position laying period is recorded：In 20-40 week old, daily single cage records egg production, and then 4 weeks are a unit week
Phase arranges secondary data.
5th, egg is picked：Property picks egg once a day, i.e., and in the afternoon 4:30/preceding, 4:30/after be calculated as second day laying eggs
Number, makes a record.
6th, egg laying performance selects：Then paternal (A systems) lays eggs always in the case where ensureing the excellent standard of early livewerght gain according to cage position
Number calculates average feeding day laying rate and chooses seeds.Maternal (B/C) is 56 ages in days, i.e. early livewerght gain is more than average, then
It only lays eggs record, selects and more than average be used as kind.
7th, closed untouched in basic chicken group, select 15-42 cock, 750-2100 hen builds 5-34 product group system.It is complete
Complete random apolegamy, each product group are 3 cocks, 50 hens.Paternal product group system can be on the low side, and maternal product group is that chicken can be inclined
It is more, it can specifically be drafted according to underlying group amount at that time.
8th, the mixed smart semen deposition of same product group system.After selected, cock hen all not adjust cage position, find true choosing accurately according to plan
With chicken position semen deposition.
9th, it is seed collecting egg by product group：One product group is 3 cocks at random with 50 hens (must be whole cage position).Keep firmly in mind：
Not influence the egg laying performance of breeder, the cage position of former high yield hen is not adjusted.
10th, the seed collecting egg time：5 days after original cock stopping transportation essence matched somebody with somebody, it is cock semen deposition with new product group, was opened at the 15th day
Begin the hatching egg that new product group is used to be cock.Can be adopted before and after this product group system between randomer hybridization hatching egg.13-15 days hatching eggs are often adopted to enter
It incubates once, enters to incubate a batch and be preferred.There are about 500-900 chick for each product group system.
11st, pay special attention to：1. pick up hatching egg, mark is wanted on egg.Major part note strain number, cock cage position number (product group system number),
Adopt the egg time.2. the hatching egg adopted daily is placed on the place that hatching house specifies, the egg microcephaly of first 6 days is upward, and the egg of latter 7-9 days is big
Head is upward, but necessary major part is upward during hatching.
Table 1A, B, C systems chicken product group is weight record
This batch of hatching time：Henhouse：Poultry raiser：Only, a, kilogram (bag/material)
Table 2A, B, C systems chicken product group is complete period track record
This batch of hatching time：Henhouse：Poultry raiser：Only, a, kilogram (bag/material)
Illustrate in remarks：1st, Immunity；2 temperature are mutated；3 pestilence situations；4 stress situation：Such as turn group, Ling Daocan
See etc.
Upper one week fill in strictly according to the facts is handed over studio by poultry raiser on every Mondays.Head or technician's (signature) date
12nd, a generation product group is hatching and nestling mark：1. code-disc：The hatching egg that same product group is is placed on same hatching
In sieve, hatched by the standard schedule of hatching house.2. postponement 2 is small during best rule, 37.3 DEG C of hatching temperature.3. to entering to incubate
Rule after dialogue egg, blood egg are registered after 19 days photograph eggs.4. the egg of same product group system must necessarily be placed in same disk or same
In several disks.A hatching registration card must be put in disk, cock product group system number, hatching egg number, hatching time are indicated on card.⑤
Prepare a considerable amount of wings number of hatching, minute book, electronic scale etc..6. a male young bird is selected and remain by 8 female young birds by each product group system, each
Product group system takes a sample test 30 chick weight at random.7. with good wing number or cut pawl number or web number.All new technical staff for participating in tape character
Tape character technical training must be carried out in advance.After all bands have remembered wing number, to carry out mutually checking whether with note in the position of standard,
With anti-lost number or hinder wing.If cutting pawl must be prevented from bleeding, it is necessary to cut off band onyx part.(disconnected method：With 12 watts of electric iron
Or the neat nail of electric scissors is disconnected with locating) 8. control group, i.e., general productive group should be placed on 50 mothers in the breeding group henhouse of same strain
3 cocks of chicken, do not make any selection and breeding.
13rd, product group system broods and chooses seeds：1. by animal doctor's requirement carry out standard immunoassay, quarantine, record every chicken label and
Dead, superseded reason.It is important to note that it distinguishes：Death by accident, superseded and disease death are eliminated.It is 2. tight by operating instruction of brooding
Lattice perform, and perform track record.3. kind young bird fully searches for food before 56 ages in days by natural lighting.4. 56 ages in days are weighed, and by brooding
Chicken original record is registered.5. the male and female chicken for selecting sex premature according to development degree is chosen seeds.Seed selection：Weight average with
Under chicken eliminated.Method：It first takes a sample test each 50 chickens of male and female to weigh, calculates average.
14th, modification is readjusted to each feed formula, then changes the feed consumption of new guidance again.The time of feeding is limited,
It feeds once within originally two days, makes daily all feedings into, daily nutrition keeps original the same, transition in 2-3 weeks in advance.
15th, product group is laying period observation：1. chicken coop of growing up on to 140 ages in days (20 weeks), is raised by breeder standard.On
Claim the weight of whole hens and cock before cage by product group system.2. by the random dress cage of product group system, same cage position is after same product group is
In generation, preferably puts 2 per cage, and note cage position was laid eggs record, until 280 days.3. egg size when claiming to open production 30%, i.e., each product group is 50
The single egg size of a egg.4. 280 ages in days claim egg size, weight by above-mentioned requirements.5. record the dead or superseded reason of every chicken.
16th, chosen seeds according to data and constitution appearance：Arrangement, the statistical analysis of Breeding Data are carried out, and carries out comprehensive product group
System's selection：Including synthesized index model, it is double select Index selection, ecological hybrid heritability index selection, individual constitution appearance selection, it is special
It is not the constitution appearance to elimination product group system.In the case where fully assessing kind of value, selected one of product group system is carried out.
17th, next-generation new product group system is set up：New product group is cock cock outstanding in the best product group system of the previous generation.Often
A product group is that completely random selects 3 cocks, 50 hen compositions.Therefore 15-42 cock can be selected, 750-2100 hen,
Build 5-34 product group system.With, from the classic hen of full group, choosing seeds with hen by the quality and quantity of above-mentioned product group system.
18th, original product group system measures requirement of standing by country, and observation group record, broiler chicken is until 66 week old (462 days), laying hen
72 week old.Hatching egg of a chicken for generations or parent can be adopted during this as needed to sell for hatching egg.
19th, the maternal product groups of mating B.C are selection method (open method of breeding)：Articles for use group is that the slow plumage chicken of C systems prepares the production of hybrid seeds.
Product group is that C systems continue to produce mating maternal chicken, and reach production development needs quantity.But maternal hen must carry out cage position note
It records and chooses seeds.The fast Yufu system cock of B systems with selection and breeding, gene containing dw breed the maternal mothers of mating B.C in mating parent's generation
Chicken.But it first has to carry out on the basis of the paternal fully selection and breeding of selection and breeding B systems are strengthened, prevents from degenerating.
20th, the three series mating that Bantam participates in can be entered after selection and breeding 2 years, the economic benefit in parent's generation can carry
It is high by more than 50%, wherein save feed 25-28%, and the production performance of commercial chicken in the case where strengthening paternal selection and breeding substantially not
Subtract or even under excellent feeding management, can also improve.
21st, A, B, C line hybrid breeding pattern：
Pattern：Three series mating system is bred, refers to Fig. 5
4th, the preferred breeding system of ecology
The theoretical foundation and meaning of " 1. the preferred breeding system of ecology "
The theoretical foundation of ecological preferably breeding system is《Ecological genetics》(David J.Merrell 1981
《Ecological Genetics》).We were using the theory of ecological genetics and the principle of ecological optimal breeding, at nearly 20 years
" quality broiler chicken strain breeding " in, inquired into, studied, and system summary has gone out " ecology preferred breeding system ", be by
" natural selection and artificial selection method " organically combines, and makes every effort to find best joint therebetween.
It is obvious that the figure can become rectangular co-ordinate through change of scale, in the arm of force of natural selection and artificial selection all phases
Deng situation, best joint is on the center line of bevel edge.It can use and hook stock string formula：x2+y2=z2That is (x+y) (x-y)=z2,
I.e. (x+y) represents artificial selection and the one side of natural selection joint force degree, and (x-y) represents that artificial selection is opposite with natural selection
Anti- one side.Therefore, crossed wild boar index can be calculated with trigonometric function relation.It is natural if artificial selection puts more effort
The dynamics of selection is still constant, and best joint is close in terms of artificial selection, close to natural selection direction on the contrary, but all to
Optimal line upper returning.Group after most suitable hybridization is adjustment of the animal itself to the adaptability under some regulation environment.At it
Optimum bit, conformability is best, and genetic effect is optimal.Here it is our the desirable targets of animal ecology breeding system.This
It is a new discovery
2nd, ecological hybrid heritability index is calculated with trigonometric function relation
(1), ecological hybrid heritability index we according to the theory of hybrid genetic force, devise ecological hybrid heritability index.
1. the calculating of hybrid genetic force is more complicated, and to have hybrid generation appearance after, can just make prediction, but
In industrialization breeding, often the cycle is too long, can influence industrialization progress.
2. the character determination of the crossbreeding production of hybrid seeds is to select relatively, therefore we can set unselected control group,
It is natural selection as a result, its selected strain is artificial selection as a result, being test group；Equally, we can be excellent with ecology
The pure lines that scheme is cultivated is selected to be interpreted as control group, and the multiple cross kind of the external chicken of import is test group, then according to observation
Data carry out hybrid heritability index and calculate analysis, the longer period of our the breeding production of hybrid seeds is predicted from transverse direction (plane).It is and miscellaneous
Kind genetic force is to predict crossbreeding effect from longitudinal direction (successive dynasties).
(2), ecological hybrid heritability index is calculated with trigonometric function.If under certain specific environment, the dynamics of artificial selection
It increases, the dynamics of natural selection is still constant or relative decrease, and best joint is close in terms of artificial selection, on the contrary to nature
It is close in terms of selection, but be all to optimal line upper returning.
(3), the group after optimal cross combination is adjustment of the animal itself to adaptability under some regulation environment.Cause
For we consider the mankind, animal, the aspect of natural environment three demand.
(4) if, we with trigonometric function relation calculate hybrid heritability index (Ih), represent Ih with angle Q, may be referred to
With following calculation method.See Figure 1-3.
If：AC/BC=k OB=a OA=b AB=c
1st, BC/AB=1/ (k+1)=CD/OA=CD/b；CD=b/ (k+1)
2..BD/BO=CD/OA BD=OB-OD=a-OD；
(a-OD)/a=(b/ (k+1))/b；
A-OD=a/ (k+1)；OD=a-a/ (k+1)=ak/ (k+1)；
TanQ=CD/OD=(b/ (k+1))/(ak/ (k+1))=b/ak
Q=arctan (b/ak)
Q is the anti-expansion of b/ak, i.e. the mathematics connotation of Q is radian, is defined herein as ecological hybrid heritability index (Ih).For
More preferable expression genetic property, a, b are substituted into genetic variance." a ", represents control group, i.e., what purity was higher is；" b " represents examination
Group is tested, relative purity is relatively low.A, b can both represent single character, can also represent multiple characters with genetic variance.
3rd, " double select index methods " is the preferable breeding method of ecological preferably breeding system
3.1 it be to be chosen seeds according to the pure lines offspring and filial generation measurement result of family, so by gene plus
Property effect, non-additive effect can be chosen, and if there is recessive beneficial gene, can also choose.In this way, a generation is about suitable
The Breeding Effect of two eposides.See schematic diagram 4.
The 3.2 most basic most important indexs of ecosystem characterization two：Resistance and reproductive capacity.This is that any species are obtained and preserved
And the basis developed.
3.3 resistance emphasis select：Enter the rate of healthy chick of incubation, enter to give up chicken survival rate, enter to give up chicken and reserve seed for planting rate etc..
The selection of 3.4 reproductive capacity includes：Enter to give up laying rate of chicken, enter incubation rate of fertilization, enter incubation hatching rate etc..It is because natural
Selection is all-pervasive to chicken by physics, chemistry, biology etc., is deep into each cell all the time and makes choice.Earliest period is selected
Selecting should be since sperm ovum binding.
3.5 every quantitative characters all use synthesized index model, and formula is as follows：
I observes project W for selection index iiWeighted value h2 iGenetic forcePhenotypic number P phenotypic number average values.
3.6 when using " double select index methods ", such as above-mentioned two system of A, B, can calculate I respectivelyA IAB, equally, there is IB IBA, lead to
Multiple selection index I can be calculated by crossing themC, such as：
According to ICValue determines selected and remain family chicken.
Ecological preferably breeding system is employed within 1982~2000 years to achieve in short-foot broiler chicken series strain is cultivated well
Effect.
Five, are illustrated
Fig. 1：The preferred breeding system of ecology
Fig. 2：Natural selection is with artificial selection in different degrees of schematic diagram
Fig. 3：The calculating of ecological hybrid heritability index
Fig. 4：Double select index method schematic diagrames
Fig. 5：Breed three series mating system pattern diagram.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of breeder selection based on product group system, which is characterized in that " hybrid genetic force " principle is used, by natural selection
It combines with artificial selection, finds best joint therebetween, thus selection and breeding breeder；
The breeder selection is double select index subtractions, and using fast plumage chicken as A systems, the fast plumage chicken of short-foot containing natural dw genes makees
For B systems, as C systems, it is orthogonal orthogonal with B × C to be carried out at the same time A × B, observes the genetic breeding performance of filial generation for chicken or numb chicken
And the production of hybrid seeds of choosing seeds；
The breeder selection comprises the following steps：
1) underlying group is cultivated：Group based on cultivation A systems, B systems and C systems chicken respectively, wherein, A systems are used for selection and breeding paternal line breeder, B
System and C systems, from brooding to 66 week old or 72 week old, keep track of the average body of the basic chicken group of each system for the maternal breeder of selection and breeding
Weight；
2) clear group's cluster：Carry out Phenotypic Selection, in time to diseased chicken, hat atrophy, hat whiten, anus tighten, Adult Chicken pubis spacing not
Chicken to three finger beams is eliminated；And cage position is adjusted, 2-3 chicken is accommodated per cage, the quantity per cage chicken is consistent；
3) cage position laying period is recorded：During 20-40 week old, the egg production of each cage is recorded daily, 4 weeks are a unit cycle,
Arrange secondary data；
4) egg is picked：Daily afternoon 4:30 disposably pick egg and count, and 4:The egg of production is included in the egg number of next day after 30；
5) egg laying performance selects：A is tied up under the excellent standard of guarantee early livewerght gain, and being laid eggs according to cage position, sum calculating is average to raise
Day, laying rate made choice kind, and the seed selection condition of B, C system is：Weightening is more than average during 56 age in days, and egg number is in average
More than；
6) product group system is established：In the untouched underlying group for closing breeding 15-42 cock, 750- are selected according to above seed selection condition
2100 hens establish 5-34 product group system, and completely random apolegamy, each product group is 3 cocks, 50 hens, and A systems product group is
Quantity is less than B, C system product group system；
7) same product group system carries out mixed smart semen deposition and adopts fertile egg：3 cocks in being by same product group match somebody with somebody 50 at random by cage position
Hen, then adopts fertile egg and numbers, before fertile egg it is 6 days small head-up, rear 7-9 is extremely big head-up；
8) the product group system more renewed carries out mixed smart semen deposition and adopts fertile egg：After the cock originally matched stops semen deposition 5 days, then use
New product group is cock semen deposition, and starts after 15 days to adopt new fertile egg；
9) hatching of fertile egg：It often adopts 13-15 days fertile eggs to enter to incubate once, and enters to incubate a batch every time, during hatching greatly head-up；
10) a generation product group is hatching and nestling mark：1. code-disc：The fertile egg that same product group is is put into same hatching sieve
Hatched；2. enter to incubate the 19th day according to egg, rule after dialogue egg, blood egg are registered；3. postponement 2 is small during rule, hatching temperature
37.3 DEG C of degree, the egg of different product groups system cannot same disk, registration often the cock product group system number of disk egg, hatching egg number, hatching time；④
A male young bird is selected and remain by 8 female young birds by each product group system, and wears identiflication number to every chick, and each product group system takes a sample test 30 at random
Chick weight；5. control group：Retain 50 hens and 3 cocks in underlying group from numerous, do not do any selection and breeding；
11) product group system broods and chooses seeds：1. carry out standard immunoassay, quarantine by animal doctor's requirement, record every chicken label and it is dead,
Eliminate reason；The operating instruction 2. strict implement is brooded carries out track record；3. chick is fully adopted before 56 ages in days by natural lighting
Food；It 4. 56 ages in days are weighed, and are registered, is chosen seeds according to development degree, chooses the chicken of sex premature, and eliminated weight and put down in weight
Chicken below mean, method：First random respectively 50 cocks of pumping and hen are weighed, and calculate cock respectively and the weight of hen is put down
Mean；
12) modification is adjusted to each phase feed formula, feeding time is limited, is all fed daily, daily nutritional ingredient
Keep with it is original the same, shift to an earlier date transition in 2-3 weeks；
13) product group is laying period observation：1. chicken coop of growing up on 140 ages in days, is raised by breeder standard, it is by product group before upper cage
Claim the weight of all hens and cock；2. by the random dress cage of product group system, keep be in same cage position identical product group system offspring, often
Cage puts two, persistently records the situation of laying eggs of each cage position, until 280 ages in days；3. each product group of the egg for opening production 30% is to extract
50 claim single egg size；4. 280 ages in days are weighed and egg size；5. record chicken it is dead or superseded the reason for；
14) choose seeds：Data according to being obtained in above step are arranged and analyzed, and according to composite index, double select index, ecology
Hybrid heritability index, individual constitution appearance make choice, and selected one of product group system raises up seed, and stays and does kind of a use；
15) next-generation new product group system is established：New product group is cock of the cock in the best product group system of the previous generation, and each product group is
Completely random selects 3 cocks, 50 hens, selects 15-42 cock and 750-2100 hen, sets up 5-34 product group
System carries out next round selection and breeding；
16) original group system measures requirement of standing by country, observes group and records；
17) selection and breeding of breeder：The hen for being with C systems product group mates breeding with the cock that B systems product group is, selection and breeding B/C systems hen, selects
The maternal breeder of B/C systems is obtained after educating 2 years, A systems strain group obtains the paternal breeder of A systems for selection and breeding.
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| CN104642262B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-04-05 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of protection of native chicken breed resource and the breeding method for utilizing |
| CN106135132A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-11-23 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of horizontal speckle plumage automatic sexing local characteristic laying hen breed system |
| CN108207790B (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2021-06-15 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Method for improving egg laying performance of breeding hens |
| CN110622912A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-31 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | Seed production method of non-dwarf high-yield small egg laying hen complete set line |
| CN112568184B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-09-02 | 海南新泉文昌鸡有限公司 | Breeding method of slaughter type high-quality Wenchang chickens with high uniformity |
| CN116058325A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-05-05 | 长顺天农绿壳蛋鸡实业有限公司 | Breeding method for long-smooth green shell egg and chicken egg dual-purpose type |
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| CN1069019C (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 2001-08-01 | 李东 | Conveyance technology for breeding of fryer |
| CN100340164C (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2007-10-03 | 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Chicken breeding method |
| CN100469240C (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2009-03-18 | 广东粤禽育种有限公司 | A high-quality chicken culturing method |
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