CN110367197A - A kind of corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat - Google Patents
A kind of corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of corss combination combination research methods of pigeon for meat, it is main screening character with egg production and four week old weight, the selection carried out simultaneously using individual breeding and family selective breeding, the lasting breeding of three generations is carried out to King pigeon W system, white card slave dove K system and Ao Fengge A system, it is bred as the neat specialized strain of inheritance stability, character, and carry out the combining ability test of four cross combination based on this, filter out the two systems hybridization female parent that can be used as three series mating.The present invention is according to King pigeon W system, the respective properties and characteristics of white card slave dove K system and Ao Fengge A system, by taking egg production and four week old weight as 3 generation specialized strain breedings of main selection traits, it is bred as the specialized strain that character inheritance is stable, performance is up to standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to poultry breeding technique fields, are related to a kind of corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat.
Background technique
In poultry Breeding Process, researcher improves the speed of growth of poultry, but past in the process by a large number of experiments
Toward can ignore poultry bone strength whether can load its too fast speed of growth, consequent is a series of leg disease
Therefore disease improves bone strength to solve the important goal that poultry leg diseases have become broiler production.DNA molecular marker skill
Art is in poultry using already extensive, the building including genetic map, the accurate positionin to functional gene and QTL, molecular labeling
The Relationship iden- tification etc. that assisted Selection, genetic diversity and DNA fingerprint are instructed.And the DNA molecular marker skill of dove
Art is later with respect to the research of chicken and duck goose, but as the application field and people that DNA molecular marker technology constantly expands in recent years are to dove
Industry increasingly likes that the research about dove is similarly in Fast growth phase.
Application study of the DNA molecular marker in the production of dove industry, primarily focuses on molecular marking supplementary breeding.Genetic diversity
Property its genetic mutation between population or within population at all, be the basis that species divide kind, strain and Ameliorative character.
For the relationship for probing into MC1R gene mutation and feather color variation, 39 five kinds of plumage color pigeon MC1R genes have been sequenced in Ran etc.
741bp segment detects 3 SNPs, including G199A, G225A and A466G altogether, it is determined that 4 kinds of haplotypes (H1-H4), wherein
H1 is main haplotype；Association analysis shows that H1 and H3 are significant related (P < 0.05) to black plumage character, and H4 and grey plumage character
Significant correlation (P < 0.05)；In addition, only double type H1H1 is significant related to the black of pigeon and gray characteristics, this research shows that
Exist between the hereditary variation of MC1R gene and the feather color of pigeon and be associated with, provides theory to probe into pigeon genetic diversity
Foundation.Ramadan etc. analyzes six genetic distances from Egyptian dove kind and Japanese pigeon racing using microsatellite, to dove
Genetic identification and genetic improvement lay a good foundation.It reflects in the Cytb gene of the domestic dove of research discovery Pakistan of Firyal etc.
The new SNP of 5 made can be used as genetic marker, for the identification of pigeon species, Phylogenetic Analysis and characterization of evolving.Hu Yongsheng
Deng with mitochondrial DNA Cytb gene be label, study the genetic distance of 6 dove kinds, the results showed that lose between Wang Geyu Shi Qige
It is minimum to pass distance, genetic distance is maximum between rock dove and Lan Huange, card slave dove.Sun Hongxia utilizes seven pairs of primer pairs, 187 stone qi meat
Dove carries out parenthood determination, the results show that there are genetic diversities abundant for measured Shi Qige population.Brightness screens in maid accompanying a bride to her new home
The genetic diversity of 11 good A of the strong primer detection of polymorphism and Chinese white two strain pigeons for meat, the results showed that good A pigeon for meat is a
It differs greatly between body, two kinds of strains all have genetic diversity more abundant.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) be generated and secreted by hypophysis it is a kind of high
Heterogeneous glycoprotein is spent, the middle corhormone of mammalian reproduction, puberty gonad development and mature and life puberty are belonged to
Grow the required hormone of gamete.This kind of large biological molecule, it is necessary to be made by the biological information that in conjunction with special receptor, will be expressed
For target cell, it finally can just lead to its particular biological effect.Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (follicle-stimulating
Hormone receptor, FSHR) be FSH specific receptor, be present on female ovarium granular cell cell membrane
On buck sustentacular cell of testis cell membrane, important influence is generated to animal reproduction character indirectly.
In terms of medicine, FSHR gene pleiomorphism is usually used to phenomena such as studying the dysgenesia of people.Wu etc. passes through research
The relationship of FSHR gene pleiomorphism Yu North China's male sterility risk is analyzed, as the result is shown FSHR genotype and male sterility
There is significant association.The experiment of Cordts etc. confirms that Ala307Thr polymorphism may be with primary ovarian function in women FSHR gene
Can not complete (POI) generation it is related, can be used as the screening marker of ovarian function failure signal patient.In addition to this, Andr é
Deng experiments have shown that FSHR gene pleiomorphism simultaneously it is related with womb endometrium ectopia, 680Ser-Ser/GG genotype and
" GG/307Ala680Ser " haplotype increases the risk of child-bearing woman's endometriosis, and " GA/307Ala680Asn "
Haplotype reduces the development of endometriosis and the risk of progress.
In terms of animal, FSHR gene pleiomorphism is usually used to the influence of research with animal product subnumber, egg production.Li Heng etc.
By analyzing chicken FSHR gene extron sub-district SNPs, it was demonstrated that FSHR gene can be used as the candidate base for influencing chicken reproductive trait
Cause.Xin Qingwu etc. detects SNPs using Dual Gold FSHR gene as egg-laying deseription candidate gene, as the result is shown the 1st, 2,4,5 it is outer
All there is mutational site in aobvious son.In addition, FSHR plays key effect in mediating reaction of the goose ovary to follicular stimulating hormone.Xu Yao
Deng using fragrant pig as the influence of research object analysis FSHR gene pairs product subnumber, the results showed that, haplotype C-T can be used as the farrowing of Hunan pig
The molecular labeling of number selection.Wang's etc. experiments have shown that FSHR gene can be used for genetic marker to improve Small-fat-tail sheep and sheep
Product subnumber.Sharifiyazdi etc. uses polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology, to her
One site mutation (a/G:position-278) of bright milk cow FSHR gene identified, to the mutation and reproductive performance
Relationship is assessed, the results showed that, the milk cow for lacking allele G has ideal fecundity, FSHR upstream region of gene area
The A-to-G mutation in domain (position -278) may influence some reproduction variables of holstein cow.
China's pigeon for meat industrialized development is later, and blindness at the beginning raises, pigeon for meat production performance is caused to decline from numerous self-fertile,
Potentiality cannot play, and since self-discovery problem, the breeding knowledge that scientific research personnel starts with system carrys out the training of scientific modernization
Support pigeon for meat.Traditional breeding technique is by phenotype judgement, performance measurement and assessment come breeding breeding pigeon, originally only in the body of pigeon for meat
It is selected in terms of shape, appearance, with the continuous development of other birds selections, pigeon for meat industry also starts to learn broiler chicken, meat duck
The breeding pattern of equal butcher's beasts stresses diversified economy character and carries out corss combination breeding, and pigeon for meat industry is rapidly sent out since then
Exhibition.Corss combination breeding is current using breeding technique most extensive, with fastest developing speed, can make full use of the hybridization of close dove kind
Advantage improves the economic characters of filial generation commodity dove, reduces feed cost, in addition, for the choosing of the improvement of local varieties, new varieties
Give birth to important development function.
In terms of the breed of molecular level, the molecular breeding of broiler chicken relative system, including quantitative character (QTL)
Positioning, molecular marking supplementary breeding and transgenic technology, the genome sequencing of family chicken have been completed, genome, site and
Gene order has come forth, and the molecular level assist-breeding of modernization grows the development of broiler chicken industry more.The molecule of pigeon for meat is educated
Kind still in its infancy, most aspect that makes a search is molecular marking supplementary breeding technology and gene order clone technology,
By shortening the breeding period of pigeon for meat to the research of egg-laying deseription related gene, accurate, rapid expansion breeding pigeon population；By right
The research of growth traits related gene quickly improves pigeon for meat early growth and development, improves food conversion ratio, and reduces breeding cost；
Pigeon for meat population premunition is improved by the research to gene involved in immunity, reduces morbidity, reduces the death rate.Currently, pigeon for meat
Partial gene sequence is also gradually found, comes forth, by these gene orders, more gene positions for influencing pigeon for meat economic characters
Point is made public, and people is made to have deeper understanding to pigeon for meat, and indication pigeon for meat industry will also step into molecular level and pass
In the high speed development stage that system breeding combines, disclose the pigeon for meat molecular breeding epoch at hand.
Though pigeon is birds, life habit is different from other birds, the mode of reproduction of " monogamy " and 150~180
It Age at first laying causes pigeon population speed of reserving seed for planting slow.Pigeon for meat is raised initial stage, and raisers can largely introduce the excellent of foreign countries
Matter pigeon for meat kind is cultivated, but the breeding knowledge due to lacking system, does not carry out effective breeding, if things go on like this, Jiu Huifa
It is existing, most of dove fields the decline of filial generation fertility caused by breeding pigeon inbreeding can all occur or trait segregation, performance degradation occur etc.
Phenomenon.
Breed system is screened in conjunction with specialized strain breeding and cross combination, is carried out according to fixed " crossing pattern " mating miscellaneous
Hand over the commercial generation livestock and poultry with the economic characters for meeting people's demand to institute's output.China is as Production of Livestock and Poultry big country, certainly
The cultivation breeding mode of numerous self-fertile has already fallen behind the development in the epoch, and scientific and efficient cultivation breeding mode is constantly emerging at home and abroad
It rises, breeding of new variety emerges one after another, and has many experiences in terms of poultry commercial generation production.Grain Yongchun etc. passes through to different black phoenix
Chicken corss combination combination production performance is compared analysis, and purification obtains after being hybridized as the result is shown by Donglan Gallus domesticlus brisson with Gallus domesticlus brisson of promoting culture
WB system be male parent, black plumage Bantam GF33A system with Recessive Chicken R1 system cross combination be that maternal three series mating combines warp
Character of helping is stablized, and growth performance is uniform and is higher than other combinations, can be used as novel breed system and promotes；Yu Yabo etc. utilizes Jing Hai
Yellow chicken is that key element material has selected capital sea No. I breed system of yellow chicken for meeting East China people's demand；Hou Shuisheng etc. utilizes north
Capital duck has selected Beijing duck Novel series breed system；Lu Lizhi etc. selects " state continues No. I " egg by Shaoxing duck interspecific hybridization
Duck, it is determined that the new breed system of laying duck；It is uniform that river night soldier etc. using mountain sheldrake is that material has selected performance, and economic characters heredity is steady
Fixed commercial generation mountain sheldrake breed system；6th (2015) waterfowls in China develop conference determined " self-sufficient and strategically located region meat goose " breed system and
" Jiangnan white goose " breed system.And in terms of the extraordinary birds such as pigeon, for the research phase of breeding of new variety and breed system commercial generation
To less, to establish low cost, efficient modernization, commercially produce, it is necessary to rely on good mating line breeding technique, dove
Industry production upper famous " King pigeon ", " card slave dove " and " mythical bird like the phoenix dove " etc. are all by multi items (be) dove kind corss combination breeding and
Out.China's pigeon for meat variety source is abundant, and cultivating commercial generation corss combination pigeon for meat dove using the breeding technique of science, modernization is
The only way which must be passed of China's pigeon for meat industry development.
Specialized strain breeding is the basis for establishing novel breed system, and screening " best " cross combination is to establish novel match
Cover the committed step of system.Heterosis, hybrid vigor possessed by breed system is derived from the mating hybridization after specialized strain breeding,
The commercial generation of three series mating can obtain individual and maternal heterosis, therefore maternal selection for triple crossing is mating
It is vital, and the comparison between each cross combination, is the best means for highlighting the hybrid vigour of correlated traits more.
This research parent is the pure lines pigeon for meat after specialized strain breeding 3 years, and three kind (being) pure lines pigeons for meat all have uniqueness
Advantage character, have the basis of corss combination, possess higher character inheritance purity, the combining ability test of each cross combination is more
The good hybrid vigour for showing " best " combination, embodies the complementation of advantage character between parent.
Ao Feng A system pigeon for meat nutritive value height, fine and tender taste, delicious flavour are locals's pigeon for meat kinds the most favorite, and
And high egg production, rate of fertilization are high, its shortcoming is that the bodily form is smaller；And the King pigeon W system bodily form is big, white card slave dove K system maternal instinct is good,
Premunition is outstanding pigeon for meat kind generally acknowledged in the world by force.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of corss combination combination research methods of pigeon for meat.With egg production and four week old bodies
Weight is main screening character, the selection carried out simultaneously using individual breeding and family selective breeding, to King pigeon W system, Bai Ka
Slave dove K system and Ao Fengge A system carry out the lasting breeding of three generations, are bred as the neat specialized strain of inheritance stability, character, and
The combining ability test for carrying out four cross combination based on this filters out the two systems hybridization female parent that can be used as three series mating.
Itself the specific technical proposal is:
A kind of corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat, comprising the following steps:
The breeding of step 1, Selecting Parents of Hybrid Combination Based
The selection of 1.1 strains
Select King pigeon W system, white card slave dove K system, Ao Fengge A system；
The selection of 1.2 3 kinds of strain pigeons for meat
The selection carried out simultaneously using individual breeding and family selective breeding.It (is respectively) feature through individual only according to kind
It is vertical eliminate after, select and remain figure is big, appearance is good, rate of fertilization is high breeding pigeon and laying rate it is high, with regard to the nest time is short, maternal instinct is good, takes into account
Figure is big, and the good breeding pigeon of appearance is as parent.
Step 2, the design of corss combination composite test
4 groups of cross combinations are set up using the third generation strain pigeon for meat of breeding as parent, (are) pigeon for meat according to each kind
Properties and characteristics, King pigeon W system weight is big, early growth speed is relatively suitble to fastly as male parent, white card slave dove K system maternal instinct is good,
Premunition is strong, and Ao Feng A meat system dove high egg production, the two is suitable for as female parent, therefore selected 4 groups of cross combination is respectively as follows:
(♂) K × W (♀), (♂) W × K (♀), (♂) A × K (♀) and (♂) W × A (♀), carry out each parent's growth performance and reproductive performance
The record of index.
Step 3, data statistics
Production performance data are counted with Excel table, with 17.0 software of SPSS carry out single factor analysis and
Duncan Multiple range test.
Further, in step 1, the selection of three kinds of strain pigeons for meat specifically:
(1) breeding basic program
It selects and remain and substantially carries out 4 stages.
2 week old: preferably, the bodily form is uniform for selection individual, yellowish pink scarlet, feeds in good condition, the small pigeon of health.It goes
Except physical disabilities, deformity, the pigeon of shank, toe section hairiness.
4 week old: selective body weighs to 500g or more, the healthy pigeon without disease, eliminate in addition to pure white other it is variegated and
The pigeon of shank, toe section hairiness.The pigeon reserved seed for planting is taken into foot number.
When breeding: being matched using nearby principle, be avoided that compatriot or half sib mating in this way.
It opens postpartum: reserving seed for planting since third nest, eliminate continuous 1 piece of production, not with regard to nest, rate of fertilization is low, and Chick rearing capacity is poor
Parent.
After the sub- dove of the second generation turns group, it can start to carry out parent to eliminate, the sub- dove of the third generation starts to reserve seed for planting, and reserves seed for planting up to 5
Nest.After opening production four months, the individual lower than average weight 10% is selected and remain, population quantity is controlled as far as possible in 60% or more total amount.
(2) the major traits index measured
Weight: 2 week old, 4 week old, 20 week old, 43 week old, 66 week old male and female dove weight.
Reproductive performance: Age at first laying, annual egg, rate of fertilization, hatchability of fertile eggs etc..
Survival rate: 28 age in days survival rates.
Further, step 2 specifically:
The measurement of 2.1 general combining abilities
General combining ability refers to the average effect for the cross combination breeding value that certain parent and multiple parents separately constitute.Measurement
The general combining ability (F) of each kind (being), this research will respectively randomly select in four cross combinations in four cross combinations
73 pairs of pigeons for meat carry out Age at first laying, annual egg, rate of fertilization, hatchability of fertile eggs and 28 age in days incubation rates of each cross combination etc.
The record of the growth performances such as the two week old weight of record and cross combination filial generation squab of reproductive performance, four week old weight.Each kind
(being) general combining ability measuring method are as follows:
F (W)=1/3 × (WK+WA+KW)
F (K)=1/3 × (WK+AK+KW)
F (A)=1/2 × (AK+WA)
The measurement of 2.2 specific combining abilities
Specific combining ability refers to the spy of the cross combination trait expression deviation average effect of certain parent and another parent composition
Special effect is answered, i.e. hybrid vigour.It respectively randomly selects 73 pairs of pigeons for meat respectively in pure lines and four cross combinations and carries out production performance survey
It is fixed.Specific combining ability measuring method, i.e. heterosis rate H% are as follows:
H%=(F-P)/P × 100%
H: heterosis rate；F: breed system offspring mean value；P: breed system parental generation average value.
Further, three kinds of strains described in step 1 use health-care sand, each constituent and its institute in the breeding process
The mass percent accounted for is respectively as follows: shell piece 40%, bone meal 5%, charcoal end 10%, red soil 35%, lime stone 5%, test
5%.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is according to King pigeon W system, the respective properties and characteristics of white card slave dove K system and Ao Fengge A system, by lay eggs
Amount and four week old weight are 3 generation specialized strain breedings of main selection traits, have been bred as character inheritance stabilization, performance reaches
Target specialized strain.By the production performance record and combining ability test to four corss combination combinations, two are filtered out " most
It is good " cross combination, it is that WA combination is combined with WK respectively, average four week old body of annual egg, 28 age in days incubation rates and filial generation squab
Again be respectively 28.15 pieces, 91.80%, 548.50g and 27.78 piece, 90.68%, 558.34g mentions respectively compared with its parent
High 3.91%, 8.10%, 3.85% and 7.09%, 1.96%, 2.66% are enriched with hybrid vigour, and character is neat, can be used as down
The maternal combination of one step ternary mating system selective breeding.
The present invention is first classified as reproductive trait maternal major traits, is aided with by 3 generation specialized strain breedings
Growth traits, and growth, trunk and Meat Quality are classified as paternal major traits, it is selected by this differentiation, due to target
Character is concentrated, and selection is simplified, and is shortened the selection time, has been greatly accelerated the breeding process of strain.Then by outstanding
Specialized strain parent carries out combining ability test, filters out " best " cross combination, can make filial generation that can more integrate embodiment
The advantages of parental generation.This crossbreeding system by specialized strain breeding combination combining ability test more flexible can flexibly adapt to
Changeable market demands.
Detailed description of the invention
Annual egg that Fig. 1 is various (being) and cross combination is averaged；
Fig. 2 is various (being) and 28 age in days incubation rate of cross combination；
Fig. 3 is various (being) and cross combination 2,4 week old weight.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
1 pigeon for meat selection
The nutritional need and health-care sand of 1.1 pigeons for meat
Dove class is slightly different in terms of raising with other poultry, needs to feed health-care sand during feeding, health-care sand can
To supplement microelement necessary to dove and help dove digestion feed.
Since China not yet formulates pigeon for meat feeding standard, health-care pigeon sand used in this research and feed are by Zhejiang Province's temperature
Pingyang Ao Feng Ge Ye Co., Ltd in state city supports dove and independently prepares with reference to the feeding standard of U.S.'s King pigeon, is raised according to locality
Ambient conditions is supported, this feeding standard is slightly changed compared with King pigeon feeding standard, each period pigeon for meat vitamin A and vitamin
D3Up-regulation 30%, detailed health-care sand ingredient is shown in Table 1, and trophic level is shown in Table 2.
1 health-care sand of table composition
The nutritional need of 2 pigeon for meat of table
Above-mentioned feeding standard will appear a small amount of change with season and moult situation, to guarantee the normal demand of pigeon for meat, this
Feeding standard and to add any " special " functional additive, in the hope of the accuracy of institute's testing index during pigeon for meat breeding, as a result
Credibility.
The breeding of 1.2 Selecting Parents of Hybrid Combination Based
1.2.1 three kinds of strain pigeons for meat are summarized
King pigeon originates in New Jersey, is bred as using quaternionic breeding, and entire body is pure white, and figure is larger, is current
One of most popular dove kind[88].King pigeon W system is formed using the continuous breeding of purification and rejuvenation of the King pigeon through many years,
Bodily form feature is similar to King pigeon, and early growth fast speed, reproductive performance is preferable, and meat is excellent.
White card slave dove K system, which is most hybridized by the deep red colour atla slave dove with hickie line with the biggish Bai Yuge of figure early in France, educates
At.Figure is preferable, walks with a steady step, graceful, and entire body feather is pure white, and egg laying performance is good, and high with regard to nest rate, meat is excellent, resists
Sick power is strong, is once best pigeon for meat kind[89]。
Ao Fengge A system is land race, is developed earliest by King pigeon A system, and individual is smaller, and incubation rate is lower, but
High egg production, strong environmental adaptability are easy fattening.
1.2.2 the selection of three kinds of strain pigeons for meat
The selection that this research is carried out simultaneously using individual breeding and family selective breeding.It (is respectively) feature warp according to kind
It is individual independent eliminate after, select and remain figure is big, appearance is good, rate of fertilization is high breeding pigeon and laying rate it is high, with regard to the nest time is short, maternal instinct
It is good, take into account that figure is big, the good breeding pigeon of appearance is as parent.
(1) breeding basic program
It selects and remain and substantially carries out 4 stages.
2 week old: preferably, the bodily form is uniform for selection individual, yellowish pink scarlet, feeds in good condition, the small pigeon of health.It goes
Except physical disabilities, deformity, the pigeon of shank, toe section hairiness.
4 week old: selective body weighs to 500g or more, the healthy pigeon without disease, eliminate in addition to pure white other it is variegated and
The pigeon of shank, toe section hairiness.The pigeon reserved seed for planting is taken into foot number.
When breeding: being matched using nearby principle, be avoided that compatriot or half sib mating in this way.
It opens postpartum: reserving seed for planting since third nest, eliminate continuous 1 piece of production, not with regard to nest, rate of fertilization is low, and Chick rearing capacity is poor
Parent.
After the sub- dove of the second generation turns group, it can start to carry out parent to eliminate, the sub- dove of the third generation starts to reserve seed for planting, and reserves seed for planting up to 5
Nest.After opening production four months, the individual lower than average weight 10% is selected and remain, population quantity is controlled as far as possible in 60% or more total amount.
(2) the major traits index measured
Weight: 2 week old, 4 week old, 20 week old, 43 week old, 66 week old male and female dove weight.
Reproductive performance: Age at first laying, annual egg, rate of fertilization, hatchability of fertile eggs etc..
Survival rate: 28 age in days survival rates.
The design of 1.3 corss combination composite tests
4 groups of cross combinations are set up using the third generation strain pigeon for meat of breeding as parent, (are) pigeon for meat according to each kind
Properties and characteristics, King pigeon W system weight is big, early growth speed is relatively suitble to fastly as male parent, white card slave dove K system maternal instinct is good,
Premunition is strong, and Ao Feng A meat system dove high egg production, the two is suitable for as female parent, therefore selected 4 groups of cross combination is respectively as follows:
(♂) K × W (♀), (♂) W × K (♀), (♂) A × K (♀) and (♂) W × A (♀), carry out each parent's growth performance and reproductive performance
The record of index.
1.3.1 general combining ability measures
General combining ability refers to the average effect for the cross combination breeding value that certain parent and multiple parents separately constitute[90]。
The general combining ability (F) of each kind (being) in four cross combinations is measured, this research will be each random in four cross combinations
Choose Age at first laying, annual egg, rate of fertilization, hatchability of fertile eggs and the incubation of 28 ages in days that 73 pairs of pigeons for meat carry out each cross combination
The record of the growth performances such as the two week old weight of record and cross combination filial generation squab of the reproductive performances such as rate, four week old weight is surveyed
Determining result, see Table 5 for details, table 6.Each kind (is) general combining ability measuring method are as follows:
F (W)=1/3 × (WK+WA+KW)
F (K)=1/3 × (WK+AK+KW)
F (A)=1/2 × (AK+WA)
1.3.2 specific combining ability measures
Specific combining ability refers to the spy of the cross combination trait expression deviation average effect of certain parent and another parent composition
Special effect is answered, i.e. hybrid vigour[91].This research will respectively randomly select 73 pairs of pigeons for meat respectively in pure lines and four cross combinations and carry out
Performance test, each kind (are) that see Table 7 for details, table 8 for performance test result.Specific combining ability measuring method, i.e. hybrid
Odds ratio H% are as follows:
H%=(F-P)/P × 100%
H: heterosis rate；F: breed system offspring mean value；P: breed system parental generation average value
1.4 data statistics
Production performance data are counted with Excel table, with 17.0 software of SPSS carry out single factor analysis and
Duncan Multiple range test.
2 results and analysis
The Breeding Progress of 2.1 Selecting Parents of Hybrid Combination Based
Deep Wang Ge, white card slave dove and Ao Fengge third generation Breeding Progress, growth traits and reproductive trait measurement result are detailed
It is shown in Table 3 and table 4.Three kinds of the first generation of strain pigeon for meat breeding performance measurement numerical value are quoted herein as control.
Each kind of table 3 (is) measurement of pigeon for meat growth performance
Secondly King pigeon W system weight highest as can be known from Table 3 is white card slave dove K system, Ao Fengge A system weight is lighter；Table
4 three kinds of display (are) that pigeon for meat rate of fertilization is suitable, and the average Age at first laying of A system is 155.80 days, in three kinds (being)
It is earliest, and average 28.03 pieces of annual egg has more 2.96 pieces, 2.78 pieces than W system and K system respectively, and height is belonged in pigeon for meat
Product kind, but A system weight is smaller, hatchability of fertile eggs is lower causes the rate of reserving seed for planting relatively low, and speed of reserving seed for planting is slower, and A system hatching rate
Tightly reach 58.6%, because a possibility that hatching egg is unified in incubator hatching, and human factor causes its hatching rate low is very big.
See table 3 and table 4, by three generation specialized strain breedings, many-sided production performances of three kinds of strain pigeon for meat populations in stablize,
Growth trend development；King pigeon W system stresses growth traits, takes into account reproductive trait, four the first generation of week old weight ratio of third generation
For average weight gain 40.5g, average annual egg increases by 3.51 pieces；White card slave dove K system stresses the choosing of egg laying performance and growth performance
It educates, third Generation means annual egg increases by 3.48 pieces than first from generation to generation, four week old weight averages weight gain 38.76g；And Ao Fengge
A system belongs to high laying strain, and after pure breeding several generations, reproductive performance and growth performance obtain stablizing promotion, and third is from generation to generation
It compares the first Generation means annual egg and increases by 1.08 pieces, four week old average weight gain 15.12g of squab.
The respectively pure lines pigeon for meat reproductive performance measurement of table 4
It is dead to wash in a pan including pigeon for meat that is all dead and not reaching the standard of reserving seed for planting.
Death and culling includes all pigeons that die and do not meet the
standard of retention.
.2.2 breeding of hybrid combination is in progress
Three kinds (are) that four cross combinations are set separately and carry out after pigeon for meat carries out three generation specialized strain breedings
Incross and combining ability test is carried out between kind, filters out that coordinate force is good, production performance is uniform, economic characters genetic stability
Strong cross combination can be used as parent and reserve seed for planting.
2.2.1 cross combination general combining ability measures
General combining ability measures the average additive effect of each group's parental gene of major embodiment, and see Table 5 for details, table 6.
The measurement of each cross combination growth performance general combining ability of table 5
The measurement of each cross combination reproductive performance general combining ability of table 6
By table 5 and table 6 it is found that each kind (is) the one well matched of average annual egg and 28 age in days incubation rates after pigeon for meat hybridization
Resultant force is respectively 27.65 pieces, 27.12 pieces, 27.37 pieces and 90.99%, 90.32%, 90.79%, and four week old weight are respectively
554.19g, 545.62g and 535.65g, each kind (being) have four week old weight of higher egg production and filial generation squab, performance
Preferable general combining ability out reflects that all parental populations all pass through generation breeding, obtains additive genetic build-up effect,
Breeding value is improved[92]。
2.2.2 cross combination specific combining ability measures
Each combination carries out specific combining ability measurement, and filtering out can be used for carrying in Breeding of Ternary as maternal
The cross combination of parent.Measurement result is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and table 7, table 8.
The measurement of each cross combination reproductive performance specific combining ability of table 7
Each cross combination reproductive performance specific combining ability of table 7 measures (Continued)
The measurement of each cross combination growth performance specific combining ability of table 8
Same column shoulder mark indicates that difference is extremely significant (P < 0.05) without identical lowercase.
The same shoulder label does not have the same lowercase letter,
indicating that the difference is extremely significant(P<0.05).
By table 7 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2 it is found that four cross combinations show higher average annual egg and 28 ages in days are bred as
Rate, wherein the average annual egg and 28 age in days incubation rates of WA combination are above other each cross combinations and parent, respectively
28.15 pieces and 91.80%, odds ratio is 3.91% and 8.10%；The average Age at first laying 160.05 days of WK combination average is produced per year
Egg amount is 27.78 pieces, average rate of fertilization is 81.45%, fertile egg average percentage hatch rate is that 80.50%, 28 ages in days are averaged incubation rate
It is 90.68%, five character comparison parents have higher odds ratio, respectively 2.02%, 7.09%, 2.09%, 2.98% and
1.96%；KW combination other reproductive traits in addition to hatchability of fertile eggs have higher odds ratio, and because all hatching eggs all use
Incubator hatching, human factor intervention is more, this heterosis, hybrid vigor temporarily can be ignored；From table 8 and Fig. 3 it is found that the squab of WK combination
Two week old weight are that 375.55g is higher than other three combinations and significant difference (P < 0.05), while four week old weight of squab is
558.34g also belongs to best in four cross combinations, and odds ratio is respectively 5.98% and 2.66% compared with parent；WA combines squab
Two, four week old weight are similarly in high odds ratio compared with parent, and respectively 4.65% and 3.85%；KW is combined in two week old bodies
Double recipe face is then in negative heterosis rate.Table 7 and table 8 are made a general survey of, AK combines not dominant in terms of reproductive performance and growth performance, KW group
Conjunction odds ratio is lower, and the acquisition that WA is combined and WK combination is all different degrees of in terms of reproductive performance and growth performance preferably hybridizes excellent
Gesture can be selected into the female parent of next step ternary breed system hybridization, provide new form a complete set of for commercial generation pigeon for meat breeding of new variety.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this, it is any ripe
Know those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure, the letter for the technical solution that can be become apparent to
Altered or equivalence replacement are fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat, which comprises the following steps:
The breeding of step 1, Selecting Parents of Hybrid Combination Based
The selection of 1.1 strains
Select King pigeon W system, white card slave dove K system, Ao Fengge A system；
The selection of 1.2 3 kinds of strain pigeons for meat
The selection carried out simultaneously using individual breeding and family selective breeding；It (is respectively) feature through individual independent naughty according to kind
After eliminating, select and remain figure is big, appearance is good, rate of fertilization is high breeding pigeon and laying rate it is high, with regard to the nest time is short, maternal instinct is good, takes into account figure
Greatly, the good breeding pigeon of appearance is as parent；
Step 2, the design of corss combination composite test
4 groups of cross combinations are set up using the third generation strain pigeon for meat of breeding as parent, (are) property of pigeon for meat according to each kind
Shape feature, King pigeon W system weight is big, early growth speed is relatively suitble to as male parent fastly, and white card slave dove K system maternal instinct is good, disease-resistant
Power is strong, Ao Feng A meat system dove high egg production, and the two is suitable for choosing 4 groups of cross combinations as female parent, carrying out each parent's growth
The record of energy and reproductive performance；
Step 3, data statistics
Production performance data are counted with Excel table, with 17.0 software of SPSS carry out single factor analysis and
Duncan Multiple range test.
2. the corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, three kinds of product
It is the selection of pigeon for meat specifically:
(1) breeding basic program
It selects and remain and substantially carries out 4 stages；
2 week old: preferably, the bodily form is uniform for selection individual, yellowish pink scarlet, feeds in good condition, the small pigeon of health；Remove body
Body is disabled, lopsided, the pigeon of shank, toe section hairiness；
4 week old: selective body weighs to 500g or more, the healthy pigeon without disease, superseded other variegated and shanks in addition to pure white,
The pigeon of toe section hairiness；The pigeon reserved seed for planting is taken into foot number；
When breeding: being matched using nearby principle, be avoided that compatriot or half sib mating in this way；
It opens postpartum: reserving seed for planting since third nest, eliminate continuous 1 piece of production, not with regard to nest, rate of fertilization is low, the parent of Chick rearing capacity difference
This；
After the sub- dove of the second generation turns group, starts progress parent and eliminate, the sub- dove of the third generation starts to reserve seed for planting, up to 5 nests of reserving seed for planting；Open production four
After a month, the individual lower than average weight 10% is selected and remain, population quantity is controlled as far as possible in 60% or more total amount；
(2) the major traits index measured
Weight: 2 week old, 4 week old, 20 week old, 43 week old, 66 week old male and female dove weight；
Reproductive performance: Age at first laying, annual egg, rate of fertilization, hatchability of fertile eggs；
Survival rate: 28 age in days survival rates.
3. the corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2 specifically:
The measurement of 2.1 general combining abilities
General combining ability refers to the average effect for the cross combination breeding value that certain parent and multiple parents separately constitute；Measurement four
The general combining ability F of each kind (being) in cross combination respectively randomly selects 73 pairs of pigeons for meat in four cross combinations and carries out respectively
The Age at first laying of cross combination, annual egg, rate of fertilization, hatchability of fertile eggs and 28 age in days incubation rates reproductive performance record
And the record of the growth performance of two week old weight of cross combination filial generation squab, four week old weight；Each kind general combining ability measurement
Method are as follows:
F (W)=1/3 × (WK+WA+KW)
F (K)=1/3 × (WK+AK+KW)
F (A)=1/2 × (AK+WA)
The measurement of 2.2 specific combining abilities
Specific combining ability refers to the special effect of the cross combination trait expression deviation average effect of certain parent and another parent composition
It answers, i.e. hybrid vigour；It respectively randomly selects 73 pairs of pigeons for meat respectively in pure lines and four cross combinations and carries out performance test；It is special
Different combining ability test method, i.e. heterosis rate H% are as follows:
H%=(F-P)/P × 100%
H: heterosis rate；F: breed system offspring mean value；P: breed system parental generation average value.
4. the corss combination combination research method of pigeon for meat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that three described in step 1
Kind strain uses health-care sand in the breeding process, and each constituent and its shared mass percent are respectively as follows: shell piece
40%, bone meal 5%, charcoal end 10%, red soil 35%, lime stone 5%, test 5%.
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