CN109362646A - A kind of white meat-type chickens matched breeding method of low cost - Google Patents
A kind of white meat-type chickens matched breeding method of low cost Download PDFInfo
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- CN109362646A CN109362646A CN201811530645.0A CN201811530645A CN109362646A CN 109362646 A CN109362646 A CN 109362646A CN 201811530645 A CN201811530645 A CN 201811530645A CN 109362646 A CN109362646 A CN 109362646A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of white meat-type chickens matched breeding methods of low cost, it is maternal paternal by breed system of recessive White Rock, high-yield egg chicken is maternal as breed system female parent, the two hybridization, generate parent godmother sheet, with Ke Nishi kind for parent godfather sheet, originally hybridizes with parent godmother, generate the commercial generation of breed system.It is preferred that carrying out leukaemia and the full group's general survey of white diarrhea to the breed system chicken group above for generations, parent is periodically taken a sample test in generation, leukaemia individual and white diarrhea positive individuals are eliminated.It is preferred that breed system parent godfather system, parent's this paternal line of godmother and the maternal carry out pure line selection of parent's godmother's sheet.Present invention reduces the breeding costs of commercial generation, and can guarantee the speed of growth of commercial generation, save production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of white meat-type chickens matched breeding methods of low cost, belong to biological species industry field.
Background technique
White meat-type chickens market in China's based on the imports kind such as Ross 308, AA+, Elbert Hubbard there is weight early period to increase at present
Long fast, brisket ratio is high, produces the features such as meat is more, is by American-European countries for consumption demand of its market to Fresh Grade Breast and chicken leg meat
Made of cultivation, it is mainly used for fast food.And China consumer more favors in chicken wings and chicken leg, to Fresh Grade Breast consumption degree compared with
Low, the chicken for being accordingly used in fast food needs higher wing and leg ratio, while relatively low chest muscle rate.In reality
In production, white meat-type chickens are delivered for sale in advance in 37-38 age in days mostly, and this aspect can guarantee that fast food is required with chicken, simultaneously also
It can reduce extremely naughty risk, and the most fast age in days of white meat-type chickens speedup is 35-42 age in days, delivering for sale can cause white meat-type chickens raw in advance
Long potential cannot give full play to.In addition to this, the kind fowl raising difficulty of this kind of white meat-type chickens kind is big, and breeder utilization efficiency is low,
Whole process is averagely laid eggs 180 or so, and rate of fertilization, hatching rate are averagely no more than 85%, and commercial generation baby chick cost is big, and price is high.In addition
The provenance of current this veriety of the country places one's entire reliance upon foreign countries, and the continuous of epidemic situation occurs to threaten to provenance safely.Therefore, urgently
A kind of domestic white meat-type chickens kind of suitable domestic Chicken industry status is needed, to meet the need of Breeder hens and commercial chicken raiser
It asks.
Summary of the invention
The white meat-type chickens producing method for seed that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding costs is low, breeder is high-efficient, with drop
Low breeding cost, and broiler production potentiality are given full play to, adapt to the needs of current Chicken industry production.
The technical scheme is that a kind of white meat-type chickens matched breeding method of low cost, with recessive White Rock be with
Set system is maternal paternal, and high-yield egg chicken is maternal as breed system female parent, and the two hybridization generates parent godmother sheet, with Ke Nishi kind
For parent's godfather's sheet, originally hybridize with parent godmother, generates the commercial generation of breed system.
It is preferred that carrying out leukaemia and the full group's general survey of white diarrhea to the breed system chicken group above for generations, parent is periodically taken out in generation
It surveys, eliminates leukaemia individual and white diarrhea positive individuals, realize and purify from provenance.
It is preferred that being used as breed system female parent father after carrying out specialized strain breeding to stealthy recessive White Rock.
The high laying strain for preferably selecting weight big as the maternal maternal high-yield egg chicken of breed system.
It can be red for the island Lip river Dao Baihuoluo as the maternal maternal high-yield egg chicken of breed system.
It is preferred that breed system parent godfather system, parent's this paternal line of godmother and/or the maternal carry out pure line selection of parent's godmother's sheet.
Pure line selection to breed system parent godfather system and parent godmother this paternal line may include:
First time breeding: for the seed selection of 1 age in days, focal selection rate of fertilization, hatching rate, chick rate and chick appearance traits；
Second of breeding: for the seed selection of 6 week old, focal selection early stage weight, the weight uniformity and survival rate take into account appearance traits；
Third time breeding: subculture seed selection, the life of focal selection macroscopic features, the semen quality of cock and hen are carried out in 24 week old
Produce performance.
The pure line selection maternal to breed system parent's godmother's sheet may include:
First time breeding: for the seed selection of 1 age in days, focal selection rate of fertilization, hatching rate, chick rate and chick appearance traits；
Second of breeding: for 10 week old breedings, focal selection own body weight and parental performance；
Third time breeding: subculture seed selection is carried out in 44 week old, is recorded according to opening to produce to 44 week old, utilizes phenotypic number and breeding value phase
In conjunction with method choice it is outstanding individual carry out subculture.
Breed system parent is for male and female than being preferably 1:100-120.
Parent is preferably 1:10-12 for cock and hen semen deposition ratio.
Breed system commercial generation can be delivered for sale with 42 days.
The average feedstuff-meat ratio of breed system commercial generation can be in 1.6:1 or less.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: having combined reduction breeding cost and having guaranteed of both the commercial chicken speed of growth
Technical requirements.Wherein, reducing breeding cost is mainly to pass through the egg laying performance for promoting breeder, extends breeder and utilizes the time, improves
Hatching criteria of hatching egg etc. is realized.White meat-type chickens mostly using recessive White Rock or its filial generation as parent godmother chicken,
Its 68 week old feeding day egg number of egg laying performance is 180 or so, and available commodities chicken quantity is at 140 or so, due to its of body early period
Again by high-intensitive selection, and its egg laying performance is without high-intensitive breeding, and for opposite laying hen, egg number is few, and egg productivity
Low-heritability traits can be belonged to, it is slow by routine phenotypic Breeding Progress.As breeder, egg number is major traits, is quick
Breeder egg laying performance is promoted, introduces high-yield egg chicken blood relationship, and maternal using high-yield egg chicken as female parent, recessive White Rock is as female
This paternal line is hybridized, and parent's algebraic quantity is improved, and reduces the breeding cost in parent's generation, and then reaches the production of hybrid seeds for reducing commercial generation
The purpose of cost.
Since offspring's weight speedup is affected by male parent, and the relatively recessive White Rock of Bai Kenishi, there is the long speed of weight
Fastly, the features such as feedstuff-meat ratio is low, egg number is few, using Bai Kenishi as maternal paternal, the egg laying performance of work reduction parent godmother chicken,
Therefore, the terminal male using Bai Kenishi as breed system (i.e. parent is for cock), recessive White Rock is as maternal paternal.In this way
It can guarantee the speed of growth of commercial generation, save production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is production of hybrid seeds pattern diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is this method commercial generation chicken and existing fast big white meat-type chickens input and output and performance comparison table.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, it is of the invention specific steps are as follows:
1, the selection of breeding material
1) maternal paternal by breed system of recessive White Rock.This kind is mainly with weight early period, whole egg number and cock
Sperm strain be main selection traits, after specialized strain breeding, be applied to the present invention.
It 2) is maternal maternal with high-yield egg chicken.It is maternal maternal red etc. with the Lip river island Dao Baiheluo in order to guarantee commercial generation weight
Based on the big kind of weight, maternal maternal selection is main to consider laying rate, weight, egg size and eggshell quality etc..
3) using fast-growth type white meat-type chickens paternal line Ke Nishi kind as terminal male.Main consideration weight early period of selection,
Body weight gains, feedstuff-meat ratio etc., the semen quality of simultaneous selection cock.
2, the breeding being sheerly
1) first time breeding: i.e. 1 age in days seed selection, focal selection rate of fertilization, hatching rate, chick rate and chick appearance traits etc..Out
When young, to terminal male, the maternal paternal and maternal maternal selection for carrying out appearance traits, select and remain plumage color, quick, shin color etc. and meet
The healthy chick of strain feature, per stirpes wear wing number.Eliminate that the shape and appearances such as plumage color, plumage speed do not meet strain feature
Body.
2) second of breeding: for maternal paternal and terminal male, second of breeding is the seed selection of 6 week old, emphasis choosing
Selecting factor is early stage weight, the weight uniformity and survival rate, appearance traits is combined, to select before upper cage.The choosing of weight early period
It selects and mainly utilizes performance measurement achievement born of the same parents.Weight general survey is carried out to performance measurement group born of the same parents in 6 week old, is surveyed according to performance
The achievement for determining family achievement, full sibs achievement and pure lines limit herd body itself is selected, select and remain that weight is big, the uniformity is high and
The upper cage of individual in the family of high survival rate, upper cage reserve seed for planting rate 5% or so (percentage that i.e. upper cage cock number accounts for hatching cock number).
For maternal for female parent, second of breeding is 10 week old breedings, and focal selection factor is own body weight and parent
Production performance.Chicken group's early growth situation is recorded, in conjunction with the 6th week old growth traits, in 10 week old, to male and female chicken weight, body
The characters such as type are selected, and according to weight, the uniformity and mother's egg laying performance, cage male and female chicken family in selection selects cage
Individual, wherein maternal maternal upper cage is reserved seed for planting, the i.e. upper cage hen number of rate 25-30%(accounts for the percentage of hatching hen number), it is maternal paternal
Upper cage is reserved seed for planting rate 5% or so.
3) third time breeding: for paternal for maternal paternal and terminal, third time breeding is mainly carried out in 24 week old
Subculture seed selection, the production performance of focal selection macroscopic features, the semen quality of cock and hen.The appearance traits of individual are combined
Measurement data is assessed, and measures the semen quality of every cock, to meeting strain standard and the outstanding cock of semen quality
It reserves seed for planting after carrying out Genetic Evaluation；The selection of hen is reserved seed for planting after should carrying out Genetic Evaluation based on parental performance.
Then it is to carry out subculture seed selection in 44 week old for maternal maternal, is recorded according to opening to produce to 44 week old, through genetic evaluation
Individual breeding value is obtained afterwards, and the method combined using phenotypic number and breeding value selects outstanding individual to carry out subculture.
3, the selection in parent's generation
1) for parent for cock (i.e. the terminal male of breed system), mainly to its 6 week old weight, the weight uniformity and property at
Semen quality when ripe is selected, simultaneous selection appearance character and behavioral trait meet the outstanding cock individual of strain feature into
Row is reserved seed for planting.
2) for parent godmother chicken, then mainly to its egg number, egg size, weight and eggshell quality are selected.By mother
After this paternal line and maternal maternal hybridization, selects appearance traits to meet parent from filial generation and reserves seed for planting for the hen of feature,
The cage i.e. upper cage hen number of rate 75-80%(of reserving seed for planting accounts for the percentage of hatching hen number on hen).
3) parent is for male and female chicken ratio: by the lasting breeding of pure lines, parent is for cock and hen semen deposition ratio up to 1:
10-12, and 10 days defeated primary essences may be implemented, by calculating, parent can achieve 1:100-120 for male and female ratio.
4, the mating hybridization of commercial generation
Commercial generation production is carried out by this coordinated mode, obtains commercial generation quality broiler chicken.Parent's 66 week old of generation are raised in mating system
Day egg number is supported at 250 or more, it is possible to provide strong young bird number is delivered for sale, cock delivers weight for sale and reaches for commercial generation 42 days at 220 or more
2.2kg or more, hen deliver weight 1.9kg or more for sale, and average feedstuff-meat ratio is in 1.6:1 or less.It is cultivated using this coordinated mode
Breed system breeding cost is low, and commercial chicken production cost is low, and is promoted to meat, adaptable, is suitble to scale, collection
The raising of reduction.
5, disease purifies.To breed system, above chicken group carries out leukaemia, white diarrhea detection for generations, wherein for generations and for generations with
The upper full group's general survey of chicken group, periodically takes a sample test parent generation, eliminates leukaemia, white diarrhea positive individuals.
Leukaemia detection: for generations and the chicken group above for generations, the general survey of every batch of whole process three times, are carried out in 1 age in days of being born respectively
Meconium detection, (hen uses for detection (hen is detected using egg white, and cock is detected using virus purification) and subculture detection when opening production
Egg white detection, cock are detected using virus purification), paternal group opens production detection and subculture detection while carrying out.In addition to this, certainly
In 10 week old after cage, the every two moon is taken a sample test once, takes a sample test quantity is no less than chicken group's quantity 5%, the positive is presented to testing result
Individual is eliminated in time, and for generations and the above positive rate standard is zero.In parent's generation, the every two moon took a sample test one from after cage in 10 week old
It is secondary, quantity is no less than chicken group's quantity 5% is taken a sample test, positive individual is presented to testing result and is eliminated, parent is for positive rate mark
Standard is less than 0.1%.
White diarrhea detection: for generations and for generations above chicken group, the general survey of every batch of whole process twice, using the side of serum plate agglutination
Method detects (paternal group opens production detection and subculture is detected while being carried out) when opening production respectively when detection and subculture.If there is sun
Property chicken detection, then second general inspection is carried out after 1 month, until no positive chicken detects；If no positive chicken detection, later every
Moon cock general survey, hen are quarterly taken a sample test once, take a sample test 5~10% every time, general inspection when exceeded.The positive is presented to testing result
Individual is eliminated in time, and for generations and the above positive rate standard is zero.Parent takes a sample test in generation when opening production and when semen deposition, every time
5~10% are taken a sample test, if there is positive chicken detects, then increases and takes a sample test ratio, and carries out second after 1 month and inspects by random samples, up to no sun
Property chicken detection；If no positive chicken detection, later monthly cock general survey, hen are quarterly taken a sample test once.It is in testing result
Existing positive individual is eliminated, and parent is for positive rate standard less than 0.1%.
Here is the specific embodiment of applicant:
1) it is very fast to choose body weight increase early period, lays eggs relatively more, feather is white and recessiveness of the weight uniformity 80% or more
White Rock chicken is as maternal paternal line, wherein 6 week old weight 2250-2350g, hen weight is 1950-2050g, and feedstuff-meat ratio is
1.56-1.60:1.Breeder Age at first laying is 158-164 days, 68 week old feeding day egg numbers 180 or so, cock semen quality
It is outstanding.
2) it chooses and pass through " red No. 1 of the capital " of variety certification as maternal maternal, which has the white kind in Lip river island for generations
Have Adult Chicken figure is big, open produce morning, the features such as lay heavily, feather are the white and weight uniformity, 6 week old cock weight
650-710g, hen weight 490-560g, 18 week old cock weight 1950-2070g, hen weight 1500-1600g are opened and are produced day
Age is 141-146 days, and 66 week old feeding day egg numbers 285 or more, egg laying performance is outstanding, and whole survival rate is 94% or more.
3) using breed system it is maternal paternal and it is maternal it is maternal hybridized, produce parent's generation, and select and meet product
The hen of kind feature and health is reserved seed for planting, and parent's godmother's sheet of breed system is formed.Hen selected and remain when opening production weight average weight ±
Individual is reserved seed for planting in 10% range, rate of reserving seed for planting 80%-85%.Parent's godmother's chicken in egg-laying period survival rate is in 94.5% or more, 66 week old
For feeding day egg number up to 250 or more, each hatching egg cost averagely declines 30-35%.Fertility rate of hatching egg, hatching rate 94% with
On, hatching of breeding eggs cost averagely declines 20-25%.
4) the selection fast-growth type broiler chicken kind Bai Kenishi that body weight increase early period is fast, feather is white is as the second father
System, the 6 week old cock weight of strain reach 2600g or more, and hen weight reaches 2300g or more, and the weight uniformity is 75% or more, entirely
Journey feedstuff-meat ratio is in 1.52-1.56:1.Breeder cock semen quality is outstanding.
5) originally hybridized using the second paternal cock with parent godmother, carry out the cultivation of commercial generation.The commodity cultivated
For the white plumage of chicken whole body, skeleton development is synchronous with body weight increase, and constitution is more healthy, and 6 week old are delivered for sale, whole survival rate 99% with
On, cock weight is in 2200-2300g, and hen weight is in 1900-2050g, feedstuff-meat ratio 1.58-1.60:1.
Thorough purification has been carried out to the disease of each generation chicken group, ensure that chicken group's health from source.Commercial generation chicken group is whole
Zero dispensing, delivers for sale first 21 days and is not required to be immunized.Therefore, commercial generation chicken group, in terms of baby chick price, immune cost and survival rate,
Better than fast big white meat-type chickens.
Fig. 2 shows that commercial chicken of the present invention and the related data of existing fast big white meat-type chickens compare, there it can be seen that
Compared with prior art, production per kilogram meat averagely puts into 0.52 yuan to commercial generation chicken of the invention less.
The present invention has following features:
1) Parent stock breeding cost reduces, maternal paternal, it is maternal it is maternal belong to different cultivars chicken group, affiliation farther out,
Parent's godmother's chicken egg number is more slightly lower than high-yield egg chicken, but wants high (Ross, AA parent for laying rate compared to other white meat-type chickens parent
Lay eggs 180-190 for whole process), while rate of fertilization, hatching rate and chick rate are maternal better than maternal paternal and female parent；Second is paternal
For fast-growth type white meat-type chickens Ke Nishi kind, the kind semen quality is good, and male and female ratio is up to 1:100-120.
2) commercial broiler flocks weight is slightly less than fast large-scale white meat-type chickens, but since breed system is by the farther away product of affiliation
Kind composition, and disease degree of purification is high, chicken group's high survival rate, immune medication is few, and cost input is lower by 0.5 than fast large size white meat-type chickens
Member/kg, effectively reduces the production of hybrid seeds and production cost.
3) commercial generation chick can realize the feeding the male and female ducks separately of commercial chicken with plumage speed automatic sexing, this is conducive to chicken group's uniformity
It can increase cock raising batch simultaneously as cock is more early than hen marketing time with the promotion of feed efficiency, improve
Henhouse utilization efficiency.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of white meat-type chickens matched breeding method of low cost, maternal paternal by breed system of recessive White Rock, high-yield egg chicken
Maternal as breed system female parent, the two hybridization generates parent godmother sheet, with Ke Nishi kind for parent godfather sheet, with parent's generation
Female parent is hybridized, and the commercial generation of breed system is generated.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that breed system, the chicken group above for generations carries out leukaemia and white diarrhea
Full group's general survey periodically takes a sample test parent generation, eliminates leukaemia individual and white diarrhea positive individuals, realizes and purify from provenance.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that used after carrying out specialized strain breeding to stealthy recessive White Rock
Make breed system female parent father.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that select weight big as the maternal maternal high-yield egg chicken of breed system
High laying strain.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that as the maternal maternal high-yield egg chicken of breed system be Luo Dao
The island Bai Huoluo is red.
6. method a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that breed system parent godfather system, parent godmother this paternal line
With the maternal carry out pure line selection of parent's godmother's sheet.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the pure of breed system parent godfather system and parent godmother this paternal line
It is that breeding includes:
First time breeding: for the seed selection of 1 age in days, focal selection rate of fertilization, hatching rate, chick rate and chick appearance traits；
Second of breeding: for the seed selection of 6 week old, focal selection early stage weight, the weight uniformity and survival rate take into account appearance traits；
Third time breeding: subculture seed selection, the life of focal selection macroscopic features, the semen quality of cock and hen are carried out in 24 week old
Performance is produced,
The pure line selection maternal to breed system parent's godmother's sheet include:
First time breeding: for the seed selection of 1 age in days, focal selection rate of fertilization, hatching rate, chick rate and chick appearance traits；
Second of breeding: for 10 week old breedings, focal selection own body weight and parental performance；
Third time breeding: subculture seed selection is carried out in 44 week old, is recorded according to opening to produce to 44 week old, utilizes phenotypic number and breeding value phase
In conjunction with method choice it is outstanding individual carry out subculture.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that breed system parent is 1:100-120, parent Dai Gong for male and female ratio
Chicken and hen semen deposition ratio are 1:10-12.
9. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that deliver for sale within breed system commercial generation 42 days.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the average feedstuff-meat ratio of breed system commercial generation is in 1.6:1 or less.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110074052A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-02 | 湖北欣华生态畜禽开发有限公司 | A kind of high yield section grain laying hen producing method for seed |
| CN110622912A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-31 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | Seed production method of non-dwarf high-yield small egg laying hen complete set line |
| CN111543391A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-08-18 | 昆山市畜牧兽医站 | Method for cultivating Quaternary hybrid synthetic meat and egg dual-purpose type Jinqueen sheldrake complete set |
| CN111903604A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-10 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | White feather broiler chicken matched seed production method |
| CN113016718A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | Poultry matching optimization method based on unequal genetic contribution of parents |
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| CN110074052A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-02 | 湖北欣华生态畜禽开发有限公司 | A kind of high yield section grain laying hen producing method for seed |
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| CN110622912A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-31 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | Seed production method of non-dwarf high-yield small egg laying hen complete set line |
| CN111543391A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-08-18 | 昆山市畜牧兽医站 | Method for cultivating Quaternary hybrid synthetic meat and egg dual-purpose type Jinqueen sheldrake complete set |
| CN111903604A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-10 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | White feather broiler chicken matched seed production method |
| CN111903604B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-05-24 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | White feather broiler chicken matched seed production method |
| CN113016718A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | Poultry matching optimization method based on unequal genetic contribution of parents |
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