CN111903604B - White feather broiler chicken matched seed production method - Google Patents
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- CN111903604B CN111903604B CN202010716373.4A CN202010716373A CN111903604B CN 111903604 B CN111903604 B CN 111903604B CN 202010716373 A CN202010716373 A CN 202010716373A CN 111903604 B CN111903604 B CN 111903604B
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- 210000002303 tibia Anatomy 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008775 paternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000031877 prophase Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 241000561734 Celosia cristata Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a white feather broiler matched seed production method, which comprises the following steps: taking the white leghorns as the father line and the mother line of the past ancestor female parent, and mating to obtain the ancestor white leghorns and the ancestor white leghorns respectively; mating the white Konishi strain as the ancestral cock and the great ancestral hen to obtain the ancestral white Konishi cock and the ancestral white Konishi hen; mating the grandparent white-legged male chicken and the hen to obtain a parent, and selecting the hen as a terminal female parent; mating a grandparent generation of a Bai Kenishi cock and a hen to obtain a parent generation, and selecting the cock as a terminal male parent; and hybridizing the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent to obtain the commercial generation chicken. The invention gives full play to the advantages of various breeding materials, and the commercial chicken has the advantages of white feather broiler growth, low feed-meat ratio and good meat quality, and the white Kenisi chicken has the characteristics of long legs and large crown. Meanwhile, the genetic relationship among different types of breeding materials is far, the advantages of the fertility rate, the hatchability and the healthy chick rate are obvious, and the advantages of a matched system are obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broiler breeding, in particular to a white feather broiler matching seed production method.
Background
The poultry industry plays an important role in the national animal husbandry market. However, under the influence of H7N9 epidemic situation and food safety, the traditional live poultry market is gradually banned, and high-quality chickens mainly for live poultry trading gradually change to the direction of iced fresh chickens, so as to ensure the safety of poultry meat food.
When the broiler chickens are on the market in a frozen state, the chicken quality is not evaluated by feather color any more, and the chicken carcass character is evaluated more. Research shows that iced fresh chicken with long legs, large crowns, dense and fine pores and good skin compactness is more popular with consumers, and the iced fresh chicken becomes one of the directions of the current breeding workers; in addition, the problems of low production efficiency, high breeding cost, incomplete disease purification and low breeding efficiency of breeding hens exist in the broiler breeds which are currently listed in the market by the chilled fresh chicken, and the development of the chilled fresh chicken market is restricted to different degrees.
Therefore, aiming at the future development direction of the iced fresh chicken market, a variety with excellent carcass traits, high breeding efficiency and high breeding efficiency of breeding hens is needed to meet the requirements of consumers and broiler practitioners.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a white feather broiler matched seed production method, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1: taking the white leghorn line as a primary ancestor maternal line and a maternal line, mating a maternal paternal cock and a maternal paternal hen to obtain an ancestor white leghorn cock, and mating a maternal line cock and a maternal line hen to obtain an ancestor white leghorn hen;
step S2: mating the white Konishi strain as the ancestral cock and the great ancestral hen to obtain the ancestral white Konishi cock and the ancestral white Konishi hen;
step S3: mating the grandparent white-lined male chicken and the white-lined female chicken obtained in the step S1 to obtain a parent female chicken and a male chicken, and selecting the female chicken as a parent terminal female parent; mating the grandparent white Konishi cock and the grandparent white Konishi hen obtained in the step S2 to obtain a parent hen and a cock, and selecting the cock as a parent terminal male parent;
step S4: and hybridizing the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent to obtain the commercial generation chicken, namely the white feather broiler chicken complete set line.
In step S1, slow-feathered chickens are selected from the white leghorns of the great-ancestor parent line and the parent line;
in the steps S1 and S2, when selecting the grandfather white leghorn chicken and the white Konish chicken, the individuals carrying the dwarf gene dw are eliminated by using molecular markers.
In step S2, the great-ancestral white-family cocks and white-family hens are selected for individual breedings with long tibia and large crown, wherein the length of tibia is selected by estimating the pedigree information, and the size of crown is directly selected individually.
In step S4, when the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent are hybridized, the seed retention rate of the terminal male parent is between 4 and 6%, and the terminal male parent for the hybridized commodity generation is selected according to the prophase weight gain, the feed conversion ratio, the semen quality, the tibia length and the crown size.
In step S1, the white-going-and-airborn cocks and white-going-and-airborn hens of the great-ancestor-maternal line, and the white-going-and-airborn cocks and white-going-and-airborn hens of the great-ancestor-maternal line are selected according to the body weight and the length of the tibia.
In step S1, the selection criteria of the great-ancestor parent-father cock are: the weight of the tibia at 10 weeks is 940-970g, the length of the tibia is 8.5-8.7cm, the weight of the tibia at 18 weeks is 1570-1600g, and the length of the tibia is 10.4-10.6 cm;
the selection criteria of the primary parent and the paternal hen of the primary grand generation are as follows: the weight is between 750 and 770g at the age of 10 weeks, the length of the tibia is between 7.5 and 7.7cm, the weight is between 1340 and 1360g at the age of 18 weeks, and the length of the tibia is between 9.0 and 9.2 g;
the selection criteria of the grandparent-maternal cock of the primary generation were: the weight of the tibia at 10 weeks is between 920-940g, the length of the tibia is between 8.6-8.8cm, the weight of the tibia at 18 weeks is between 1550-1580g, and the length of the tibia is between 10.4-10.6 g;
the selection criteria of the primary and secondary maternal hens were: the weight of the tibia is 780g at 10 weeks, the length of the tibia is 7.6-7.8cm, the weight of the tibia is 1300g at 18 weeks, and the length of the tibia is 9.0-9.2.
In step S3, when the grandparent hens and the cocks are mated with each other to obtain the grandparent hens and the cocks, the grandparent hens and the grandparent hens are selected according to the egg production rate and the weight characteristics, and the grandparent hens and the white parent hens are selected according to the egg production rate and the egg weight characteristics, wherein the seed reserving rates of the grandparent hens and the hens are both 25 to 30%.
In step S4, when the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent are hybridized, the method for selecting the terminal female parent comprises: and (5) selecting the parental generation white leghorn hens with the average weight of +/-10% at the age of 10 weeks, wherein the caging rate is between 75 and 85 percent.
According to the white feather broiler matched seed production method provided by the invention, the advantages of various breeding materials are fully exerted through the selection of the white Konishi chicken and white Lai-Eng chicken matched lines, and the commercial chicken inherits the advantages of high early-stage weight increase speed, low feed-meat ratio, strong laying hen adaptability and good meat quality of the white Konishi broilers and the long-leg and large-crown properties of the white Konishi broilers. Meanwhile, the genetic relationship among different types of breeding materials is far, the advantages of the fertility rate, the hatchability and the healthy chick rate are obvious, and the advantages of a matched system are obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention is a schematic diagram of seed production mode.
FIG. 2: the length of the shin of the broiler bred by the invention is compared with that of the existing broiler of 7 weeks.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description will be provided for the technical solution and the advantages thereof.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seed production mode of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the commercial generation chicken breeding of the present invention uses a white Konishi cock and a white Lai-aviation hen as parent generations, and the parent generation cock and the hen are bred by pure line mating for at least two generations.
One, great ancestor generation
1. The family of leucoconish
The terminal father white Kenish cock is also a white Kenish strain corresponding to the grandfather hen and cock, and the great grandfather hen is selected to reserve an individual with a longer shin and a large crown. Tibial length and crown size were selected primarily during the fertile phase (10 weeks of age). Wherein, the tibial length heritability is about 0.3, which belongs to moderate heritability, therefore, the character breeding value is estimated through pedigree information, and the breeding value and the phenotypic value are combined for selection; the heritability of the cockscomb is about 0.6, which belongs to high heritability, therefore, individual selection is adopted.
Meanwhile, the pure mating system of the grandfather white Konish hen and the white Konish cock is detected and screened by utilizing the molecular marker, and the individual carrying the dwarf gene dw is rejected.
2. White navigation system
The Zengzhu white-motion line is used for mating to obtain a terminal female parent white-motion hen, wherein the Zengzhu maternal paternal cock and the female parent paternal hen are used for mating to obtain a grandparent white-motion cock, and the Zengzhu maternal paternal cock and the female parent hen are used for mating to obtain a grandparent white-motion hen. Similarly, the female parent-maternal line of the primary ancestor and the cock and hen of the female parent-paternal line are detected and screened by using molecular markers, individuals carrying dwarf gene dw are eliminated, and because the slow feather control gene is located on sex chromosome Z and belongs to recessive inheritance, the slow feather cock is selected from the female parent-maternal line of the primary ancestor and the cock and hen of the female parent-paternal line, so that the feather speed male and female self-discrimination of the commercial generation is realized.
In a specific seed production process, the selection process of the great generation white sailing series is as follows:
the 10-week-old female parent-male-line cock is 940-shaped sand 970g, the shin length is 8.5-8.7cm, the hen weight is 750-shaped sand 770g, the shin length is 7.5-7.7cm, the adult cock (18-week-old) is 1570-shaped sand 1600g, the shin length is 10.4-10.6cm, the adult hen (18-week-old) is 1340-shaped sand 1360g and the shin length is 9.0-9.2 cm; the laying date age (50% laying rate) is 135-142 days, and the number of eggs laid by 72 weeks is 300.
The weight of the female parent male chicken at 10 weeks is 920-940g, the length of the shin is 8.6-8.8cm, the weight of the female chicken is 760-780g, the length of the shin is 7.6-7.8cm, the weight of the adult male chicken (18 weeks old) is 1550-1580g, the length of the shin is 10.4-10.6cm, the weight of the adult female chicken (18 weeks old) is 1200-1300g, and the length of the shin is 9.0-9.2 cm; the laying date age (50% laying rate) is 141-plus 150 days, and the number of eggs laid by 72 weeks is about 290.
In the present invention, the egg laying rate is the number of eggs laid per day of 72 weeks, and the egg laying rate of a rooster is calculated as the average egg laying rate of its full-sib-chicken.
Second and third generations-white sailing system
The ancestral maternal-paternal white-legged aviation cock and the maternal-maternal white-legged aviation hen are used for mating to obtain terminal maternal white-legged aviation hens, wherein the maternal-paternal line mainly selects the egg yield (reflected by the performance of the full-sib hens) and the weight character, the maternal-maternal line mainly selects the egg yield and the egg weight character, and an individual which has excellent body form and appearance and accords with strain characteristics and has a slow feather speed is selected for reservation. When the chickens are fed into cages, the male parent line and the female parent line of the female parent are selected to retain the individual with the weight of the cock and the individual with the weight of the hen within the range of +/-10% of the average weight, and the seed retaining rate is 25-30%.
Third, the parents' era
1. Terminal male parent-white Kenisi cock
The method comprises the steps of mating a grandparent white Kenishi cock and a grandparent white Kenishi cock to obtain a parent hen and a cock, selecting the cock as a terminal male parent, wherein the seed reserving rate is about 5%, specifically selecting individuals which have high early-stage weight growth speed, long shin, large shin, good cock quality, white feathers, excellent body shape and appearance, accord with strain characteristics and have the weight within the range of +/-5% of the average weight for reserving seeds by early-stage body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, semen quality, shin length and crown size, and the seed reserving rate is about 5%.
The weight of the 6-week-old cock of the strain (before seed reservation) reaches 2850-.
2. Terminal female parent-white Lai navigation hen
The method comprises the steps of mating a grandparent white-light-voyage cock and a white-light-voyage hen to obtain a parent hen and a cock, selecting healthy hens which accord with variety characteristics as terminal female parents, measuring the hens at the age of 10 weeks, selecting hen individuals with the weight within the range of average weight +/-10% to be fed into cages, and feeding the parent hen and the parent hen into the cages at the ratio of 75% -85%.
Four, commodity generation
And hybridizing the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent to produce small high-quality broiler commercial generation. The bred commercial generation broiler chickens are white feather, the shin and beak are yellow, the broiler chickens are slaughtered at the age of 7 weeks, the whole-process survival rate is more than 99 percent, the weight of the cock chickens is 1400-plus 1500g, the shin length is 9.6-9.9cm, the weight of the hen chickens is 1250-plus 1350g, the shin length is 8.8-9.2cm, the feed-meat ratio is 1.93: 1. the color of the slaughtered chicken is yellow, the legs are long, the combs are large, pores are small, and the appearance is attractive. Compared with the shin length of the same type of broiler (W2) (see figure 2), the shin length of the small high-quality broiler (W1) produced by the invention is 4-5mm higher than that of the same type of broiler (W2).
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. through the Zeng generation molecule assisted oriented breeding technology, a specialized breeding material with long legs and large canopy is formed.
2. Through the selection of the female parent slow-feathering chickens, the parent chicks can realize the self-discrimination of feather speed, and the health of chicken groups of the parent chicks is ensured.
3. Through the selection of the white Konishi chicken and the white Lai 'ao chicken complete lines, the advantages of various breeding materials are fully exerted, wherein the white Lai' ao chicken variety of the high-yield laying hens has the characteristics of high laying rate, strong disease resistance, good meat quality and the like; the fast large white feather broilers have the characteristics of fast weight increase in the early stage, small feed-meat ratio, large semen volume and the like. The parental breeding hens have the advantages of large egg number of the laying hens, low cost of the laying hens and high reproductive performance of the laying hens, the commercial chickens are inherited to obtain the advantages of high early-stage weight increase speed, low feed-meat ratio, strong adaptability of the laying hens and good meat quality of the white Konishi chickens, and the white Konishi chickens have the characteristics of long legs and big crowns. Meanwhile, the genetic relationship among different types of breeding materials is far, the advantages of the fertility rate, the hatchability and the healthy chick rate are obvious, and the advantages of a matched system are obvious.
According to the matched line breeding method provided by the invention, through internal multiple batches of small-scale tests, commercial generation broilers cultivated by the method have meat quality, flavor and taste close to those of medium-speed yellow-feather broilers. The method integrates the aspects of the chicken fry price, the weight of the commercial chicken, the survival rate and the like, has low cost investment and high comprehensive benefit, and meets the requirement of the market on the iced fresh chicken.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A white feather broiler matched seed production method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: taking the white leghorns as the primary ancestor female parent paternal line and the female parent maternal line, mating the female parent paternal cock and the female parent paternal hen to obtain the ancestor white leghorns, and mating the female parent maternal cock and the female parent maternal hen to obtain the ancestor white leghorns;
step S2: mating the white Konishi strain as the ancestral cock and the great ancestral hen to obtain the ancestral white Konishi cock and the ancestral white Konishi hen;
step S3: mating the grandparent white-coming cock and the white-coming hen obtained in the step S1 to obtain a parent hen and a cock, and selecting the cock as a parent of the parent terminal; mating the grandparent white Konishi cock and the grandparent white Konishi hen obtained in the step S2 to obtain a parent hen and a cock, and selecting the cock as a parent terminal male parent;
Step S4: hybridizing the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent to obtain commercial generation chickens, namely preparing a white feather broiler chicken complete set line;
in the step S1, selecting the white-coming-voyage cock and the white-coming-voyage hen of the great-ancestor maternal line, and the white-coming-voyage cock and the white-coming-voyage hen of the great-ancestor maternal line according to the weight and the length of the tibia;
in step S1, the selection criteria of the great ancestor parent-father cock are: the weight of the tibia at 10 weeks is 940-970g, the length of the tibia is 8.5-8.7cm, the weight of the tibia at 18 weeks is 1570-1600g, and the length of the tibia is 10.4-10.6 cm;
the selection criteria for the grandparents, the parents and the hens are as follows: the weight is between 750 and 770g at the age of 10 weeks, the length of the tibia is between 7.5 and 7.7cm, the weight is between 1340 and 1360g at the age of 18 weeks, and the length of the tibia is between 9.0 and 9.2 cm;
the selection criteria of the grandparent-maternal cock of the primary generation were: the weight of the tibia at 10 weeks is between 920-940g, the length of the tibia is between 8.6-8.8cm, the weight of the tibia at 18 weeks is between 1550-1580g, and the length of the tibia is between 10.4-10.6 cm;
the selection criteria of the primary and secondary maternal hens were: the weight of the tibia at 10 weeks is 780g, the length of the tibia is 7.6-7.8cm, the weight of the tibia at 18 weeks is 1300g, and the length of the tibia is 9.0-9.2 cm;
in step S4, when the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent are hybridized, the method for selecting the terminal female parent comprises: and (5) selecting the parental generation white leghorn hens with the average weight of +/-10% at the age of 10 weeks, wherein the caging rate is between 75 and 85 percent.
2. The matched seed production method of white feather broilers as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, slow-feathering chickens are selected from the white leghorns of the great-ancestor parent line and the great-ancestor parent line;
in the steps S1 and S2, when selecting the grandfather white leghorn chicken and the white Konish chicken, the individuals carrying the dwarf gene dw are eliminated by using molecular markers.
3. The method for producing white feather broiler chicken matched seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the great ancestor white konish cock and the white konish hen both select an individual species with a long tibia and a large crown, wherein the length of the tibia is selected by estimating the pedigree information, and the size of the crown is directly selected individually.
4. The matched seed production method of white feather broilers as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, when the terminal male parent and the terminal female parent are hybridized, the seed reserving rate of the terminal male parent is between 4 and 6 percent, and the terminal male parent for the hybridized commodity generation is selected through prophase body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, semen quality, tibia length and crown size.
5. The matched seed production method of white feather broilers as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, when the ancestor white leghorn cock and the white leghorn hen are mated to obtain the parent hen and the cock, the ancestor white leghorn cock is selected according to the egg production rate and the weight character, the ancestor white leghorn hen is selected according to the egg production rate and the egg weight character, and the seed reserving rates of the cock and the hen are both 25-30%.
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| WO2006004066A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-12 | Locomogene, Inc. | S1-5-containing protein preparation |
| CN101849527A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-06 | 上海太平洋家禽育种有限公司 | Yellow-feathered broiler breeding method |
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