CN109122579B - Method for improving self-identification sexing accuracy of fast and slow feathers of big-bone chicken - Google Patents
Method for improving self-identification sexing accuracy of fast and slow feathers of big-bone chicken Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding poultry varieties, in particular to a method for improving the identification accuracy rate of fast and slow feathers of big-bone chickens for self-distinguishing sexes and males, which comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a grandma group, and separating fast-feathering chickens and slow-feathering chickens; (2) determining a homozygous slow-feather cock through test cross, and establishing a maternal breeding hen group through pure breeding of the homozygous slow-feather cock and a slow-feather hen; (3) breeding fast-feather hens and fast-feather cocks; establishing stable parental breeding stock groups through four generations of breeding; (4) the male and female commercial chicks can be identified by fast feather and slow feather by hybridizing a father-line fast-feather cock and a mother-line slow-feather hen, the obtained offspring is the commercial chicks capable of identifying the male and female by the fast feather and the slow feather, the accuracy of identifying the fast feather and the slow feather of the commercial chicks is improved to more than 98% by adopting a method after theoretical improvement of genetics, the male and female can be identified according to feather types just after the chicks are born, the required sex is selected for feeding according to different production directions, the feeding cost is saved, and the economic benefit of a farm is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding poultry varieties, in particular to a method for improving the identification accuracy rate of fast and slow feathers of big-bone chickens for self-distinguishing sexes and males.
Background
In recent years, the number of free-range chickens is continuously increased, the demand for big-bone chickens is increased, and good economic benefits are generated for promoting the income increase of farmers and improving the consumption level of common people. Along with the increasing living standard, the health care consciousness of people is gradually enhanced, the quality requirement on animal food is higher and higher, the meat quality of the chicken in the great bone of the Manghaue is extremely high, and the chicken is fresh and tender and is rich in amino acid, mineral substances and vitamins. Wherein the protein content is 16 percent higher than that of the broiler chicken, the iron content is 64 percent higher than that of the broiler chicken, and the contents of trace elements such as magnesium, copper, manganese and the like are more than 30 percent higher than that of the broiler chicken. The fat content of the chicken of the big bone chicken is 11 percent lower than that of other chicken species. Has high nourishing efficacy and medicinal value, and is popular with consumers.
According to the consumption direction of people, the value distribution proportion tendency of the big bone chicken can be judged, and in order to reduce the feeding cost and improve the economic benefit of a farm, the big bone chicken is inevitably subjected to certain culture tendency to the sex. In the stage of chicks, the sexes of the chicks cannot be directly distinguished by naked eyes, the sexes of the chicks are distinguished by adopting the existing technology through a caesarean section, obviously, the accuracy rate of the sexes is 100% through the caesarean section, but the sex of the chicks must be sacrificed, and if the sex of the chicks can be distinguished in a mode without sacrificing the sex of the chicks, the method is very worthy of popularization.
In the prior art, the method can be used for identifying the male and female chicks in a mode of not sacrificing the sex life of the chicks by a scientific method, but the identification accuracy rate is always between 90 and 91 percent, and the level is maintained for years and is difficult to break through.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further save the production cost of the big bone chicken and improve the economic benefit of a farm, the invention carries out the self-identification strain breeding of the fast and slow feather sexes aiming at the big bone chicken, so that the sexes can be identified according to the feather type just after the chicks are born, thus the needed sex is selected to be fed according to different production directions, and the invention breaks through the conventional method, and improves the identification accuracy of the method to more than 98 percent.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention designs a method for improving the self-sexing sex identification accuracy of fast and slow feathers of big-bone chickens, so that the gender of the young chickens can be simply and effectively identified in the first day of hatching. The method for breeding male and female self-bred lines by utilizing sex-linked fast and slow feather genes is an effective method. The feather speed type is controlled by a pair of genes (A, a) at the same site, wherein a slow feather gene A is dominant, a fast feather gene a is recessive, and the fast-feather chicken genotypes are ZaZaZaza (male) and ZaW (female), which show that main wing feathers are longer than main wing-covered feathers when the chickens are hatched, and the main wing-covered feathers are shorter than the main wing feathers or are not developed. The slow-feathered chickens have the genotypes of ZAZAZA (male parent) or ZAZa (male parent) and ZAW (female parent), and the main wing feathers are shorter than or equal to the main wing-covered feathers or the main wing feathers do not grow out when the chickens are hatched. Feather type identification is carried out within 24 hours after the chicks are out of shells, and fast feather and slow feather can be separated.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) establishment of ancestral breeding hens
200-400 eggs purchased from a large-bone chicken breeding farm are hatched, the hatching rate is 85%, and the appearance type of the wing feather is observed by observing the hatched chicks within 24 hours. Fast feather types are divided into two types, namely K1 types and K2 types, and slow feather types are divided into 4 types. Fast feather type: the main wing feather is longer than the main wing feather covered with the main wing feather, the absolute difference value of the main wing feather is greater than or equal to 5mm, the main wing feather is K1 type, and the absolute difference value of the main wing feather is less than 5mm and greater than 2mm, the main wing feather is K2 type; slow feather type: s1 equal long type (main wing feather is equal to main covering wing feather); s2 inverted long type (main wing is shorter than covering main wing); s3 no-growth type (main wing feather is not grown out or neither main wing feather nor main wing covering feather is grown out); s4 slightly long (the main wing is longer than the main wing within 2 mm). Marking slow-feather chickens and fast-feather chickens, and taking the fast-feather chickens and the slow-feather chickens meeting the variety requirements as seeds when the chickens grow to 28 weeks;
(2) establishment of maternal breeding hens
a) Test crossing: selecting the slow-feather cocks meeting the variety requirement in the step (1), matching 20 hens for each cock, matching seeds by using an artificial insemination method, performing first semen deposition, starting to collect hatching eggs after three days, performing second semen deposition again after the seventh day, respectively collecting the hatching eggs, marking, and collecting 100 qualified hatching eggs for each cock for hatching; the eggs of each cock are separately placed in a hatching box strictly when the cocks are dropped; carefully observing and carefully identifying the chickens after the chickens are out of the shells, and finally eliminating the cock breeders with fast-feather chicks in the offspring to determine homozygous slow-feather cocks;
b) pure reproduction: mating the determined homozygous slow-feather cocks and slow-feather hens, mating by using an artificial insemination method, collecting hatching eggs for hatching, selecting standard-meeting hens and cocks from the breeding eggs, and finishing the establishment of a maternal breed stock;
(3) establishment of paternal breeder flocks
Breeding fast-feather hens and fast-feather cocks, eliminating slow-feather chickens in the chicks, and breeding the chickens; through four generations of breeding, enough stable parental breeding hens are established; feeding fast-feather cocks in a paternal breed chicken group with a feed containing dark-colored dried fruits, ensuring that the feed amount of each fast-feather cock is at least 100 g, and continuously feeding for 4-8 weeks; the dark-color dried fruit is one or more of red-core honey pomelo, red-core dragon fruit, strawberry and dried watermelon; the mass of the dark-color dried fruits accounts for 15-30% of the total mass of the feed.
(4) Hybridization of
And (4) hybridizing the fast-feather cock of the father line fed with the feed containing the dark-color dried fruits in the step (3) with the slow-feather hen of the mother line to obtain offspring, namely, the offspring is a commercial chick capable of identifying males and females by using the fast-feather and the slow-feather, namely, the fast-feather cock is the fast-feather hen, and the slow-feather cock is the slow-feather cock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has novel idea, and the identification accuracy of the fast and slow feathers of the commercial chicks can reach more than 98 percent through the verification of years of tests, and the invention has the following advantages:
1) by the novel method, the identification accuracy of the male and female chicks is improved:
aiming at big-bone chickens, fast-slow feather sexes and males are self-distinguished, in the original method of the fast-slow feather sexes, the fast-feather cocks are adapted to the feed by feeding the specific food of the pure-breed fast-feather cocks, and after the fast-feather cocks are fed by the feed with dark-colored dried fruits, the blood and body fluid of the fast-feather cocks contain the breeds different from the conventional feed, defecation also has certain color, and the fast-feather cocks can be respectively distinguished by naked eyes; taking the fast-feather cocks and the slow-feather hens of the maternal line for hybridization, and obtaining offspring which is a commercial chick capable of identifying sexes by using the fast-feather and the slow-feather, namely, the fast-feather cocks and the slow-feather cocks are obtained; according to the principle of genetic genetics and the combination of a autopsy, the cock chicks with deepened feather and reddish feather wings are proved to be cock chicks, and the cock chicks with deepened feather wings and reddish feather wings also belong to the ranks of the cock chicks in the fast-feather chicks; the methods can assist identification, so that the identification rate is improved to more than 98%. The male and female chickens can be identified according to the feather type just after the chicks are born, and the required sex is selected for feeding according to different production directions, so that the feeding cost is saved, and the economic benefit of a farm is improved.
2) And (5) seed preservation. At present, pure breeds of the Mandarin chicken are few and in endangered states; by designing a route by the method, the comprehensive popularization and application of varieties are promoted; the establishment of a new mode and a new mode of the novel banker chicken breed conservation is promoted, and the sustainable breed conservation of the variety is realized. The cultivation research work of the Zhuang river big bone chicken is continuously carried out for many years, and a proper amount of seed protection work is carried out. The existing chicken has 500 core groups, wherein 400 hens exist, 30 fast-feather cocks exist and 70 slow-feather cocks exist; has the basic conditions for developing and establishing strains, developing and expanding groups and breeding.
3) And (5) popularization. The Zhuanghe big bone chicken has extremely high meat quality, fresh and tender meat quality and is rich in amino acid, mineral substances and vitamins. Wherein the protein content is 16 percent higher than that of the broiler chicken, the iron content is 64 percent higher than that of the broiler chicken, and the contents of trace elements such as magnesium, copper, manganese and the like are more than 30 percent higher than that of the broiler chicken. The fat content of the chicken of the big bone chicken is 11 percent lower than that of other chicken species. Has high nourishing efficacy and medicinal value, and is popular with consumers. The big bone chicken has bigger eggs, the average egg weight is 68-70g, the color grade of the egg yolk is 8-9 grade, the big bone chicken is famous for high nutritional value, and particularly the meat and the eggs of the free-range chicken are more difficult to obtain delicious products. 1 adult big bone chicken with the weight of about 3.3-4kg, 30 yuan per kg, the selling price is as high as more than 100 yuan, and the chicken has high economic value. Therefore, the Zhuang river big bone chicken has wide popularization value.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the identification technique for male and female feather with fast and slow feathers according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wing structure of a fast-feathering hen of a final commercial chicken;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wing structure of a slow-feathering cock of a final commercial chicken.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
1) establishment of ancestral breeding hens
300 hatching eggs are purchased in a big bone chicken breeding farm (Liaoyang) in Liaoning province, and after hatching, 255 chicks are hatched, and the appearance type of wing feathers is observed seriously for 255 chicks within 24 hours, so that slow-feather chickens and fast-feather chickens are separated. By observing 25 fast-feathering chickens and 230 slow-feathering chickens. Marking the fast and slow chickens, and selecting the fast and slow chickens meeting the variety requirement as seeds when the chickens grow to 28 weeks. 93 slow-feather hens and 9 slow-feather cocks were selected. 12 fast-feather hens and 3 fast-feather cocks.
2) Establishment of maternal breeding hens
And (4) carrying out test crossing on 9 slow-feather cocks every other year to verify whether the genes are homozygous.
Test crossing: 9 numbered slow-feather breeding cocks are bred by an artificial insemination method, and 20 hens are bred by each cock. And (3) for the first semen deposition, collecting hatching eggs after three days, and depositing again after 7 days, respectively collecting the hatching eggs and marking. 100 qualified hatching eggs are collected from each cock and are hatched. The eggs of each cock are placed in a hatching box independently. After the chickens are hatched, careful observation and serious identification are carried out, the results are shown in the following table 1, and finally, the fast-feather chicks are found in the offspring of 2 cocks with the numbers of 'slow cock 2' and 'slow cock 5', the chicks are eliminated, the offspring of the other 7 cocks has no fast-feather chicks, and the 7 cocks are determined to be homozygous slow-feather cocks.
TABLE 1 Slow feather cock hatching
Pure reproduction: 7 homozygous slow-feather cocks and slow-feather hens are mated, and the breeding is carried out by an artificial insemination method. Collecting hatching eggs, hatching, and selecting 350 hens and 20 cocks which meet the standard for breeding. And finishing the establishment of the maternal breeding hens.
3) Establishment of paternal breeder flock
12 fast-feather hens and 3 fast-feather cocks are bred, and slow-feather chickens appear in chicks. Only slow-feathered chickens can be eliminated and then bred. Through four generations of breeding, stable parental breeding breeder groups are established in two years, as shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 number of hatchlings from first generation to fourth generation
Feeding fast-feather cocks in a paternal breed chicken group with a feed containing dark-colored dried fruits, ensuring that the feed amount of each fast-feather cock is 100 g, and continuously feeding for 4 weeks; the dark-color dried fruit is red-core dried dragon fruit; the mass of the dark-color dried fruits accounts for 30% of the total mass of the feed.
4) Hybridization of
Crossing the fast-feather cock of the father line and the slow-feather hen of the mother line which are fed with the feed containing the dark-color dried fruits in the step 3), and obtaining the offspring which is the commercial chick capable of identifying the sex by using the fast-feather and the slow-feather. Fast feather is hen, slow feather is cock. The first hybridization is to use 30 fast-feather cocks and 350 slow-feather hens for hybridization, 500 hatching eggs are collected for hatching, 395 hatching eggs are obtained, feather type identification is carried out within 24h of hatching, 201 fast-feather cocks and 194 slow-feather cocks are obtained, the color of the wing of each fast-feather cock is deepened in 2 chicks, 199 of the fast-feather hens are cocks and 196 of the slow-feather cocks are hens verified by dissection. Therefore, the identification accuracy of the fast and slow feathers can reach 100 percent (as shown in table 3).
TABLE 3 fast and slow feather female identification accuracy
Example 2:
the difference from the example 1 is that in the step 3), fast-feather cocks in the paternal breeder flock are fed with the feed containing dark-colored dried fruits, the feeding amount of each fast-feather cock is ensured to be 120 g, and the feeding is continued for 8 weeks; the dark-color dried fruit is a mixture of red-heart honey pomelo, red-heart dragon fruit, dried strawberry and dried watermelon according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1; the weight of the dark-color dried fruits accounts for 15% of the total weight of the feed.
The first hybridization is to use 30 fast-feather cocks and 350 slow-feather hens for hybridization, 500 hatching eggs are collected for hatching, 395 hatching eggs are obtained, feather type identification is carried out within 24h of hatching, 200 fast-feather cocks and 195 slow-feather cocks are obtained, the color of the wing of each fast-feather cock is deepened in 1 chick, through the analysis verification, 199 of the fast-feather cocks are cocks, and 196 of the slow-feather cocks are hens. Therefore, the identification accuracy of the fast and slow feathers can reach 100 percent [ as shown in table 3(a) ].
TABLE 3(a) identification accuracy of fast and slow feathers in female
Example 3:
the difference from the example 1 is that in the step 3), fast-feather cocks in the paternal breeder flock are fed with the feed containing dark-colored dried fruits, the feeding amount of each fast-feather cock is ensured to be 110 g, and the fast-feather cocks are continuously fed for 6 weeks; the dark-color dried fruit is a mixture of red-heart honey pomelo and red-heart dragon fruit according to the mass ratio of 1: 1; the mass of the dark-color dried fruits accounts for 25% of the total mass of the feed.
The first hybridization is to use 30 fast-feather cocks and 350 slow-feather hens for hybridization, 500 hatching eggs are collected for hatching, 395 hatching eggs are obtained, feather type identification is carried out within 24h of hatching, 202 fast-feather cocks and 193 slow-feather cocks are obtained, the color of the wing of each fast-feather cock is deepened in 3 chicks, 199 of the fast-feather hens are cocks and 196 of the slow-feather cocks are hens verified by dissection. Therefore, the identification accuracy of the fast and slow feathers can reach 100 percent [ as shown in table 3(a) ].
TABLE 3(b) identification accuracy of fast and slow feathers in female
Data analysis
The production of the commercial chicks is carried out every year from 2013 to 2017, and the average production per year is about 1 ten thousand. Incubate 2 to 3 batches annually. 100 chicks within 24h of birth are extracted from each batch of commercial chicks, wherein the slow-feather chicks and the fast-feather chicks account for half of each batch of commercial chicks and are subjected to cesarean examination and identification. The annual cross-section of 200 and 400 chickens is shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4 fast and slow feather female identification accuracy
The results in table 4 show that the accuracy of the method for self-distinguishing male and female of the fast and slow feathers of the big-bone chicken is relatively stable, the accuracy of the pure fast and slow feather identification method is always between 90 and 91 percent, and the accuracy can be improved to more than 98 percent by adopting the method of the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving the self-identification sexing accuracy of fast and slow feathers of a big-bone chicken is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishment of ancestral breeding hens
200-400 commercially available hatching eggs are hatched, the hatching rate is 85%, the hatched chicks are observed within 24 hours, and the appearance types of wing feathers are observed, wherein the fast feather types comprise K1 types and K2 types, the main wing feathers are longer than the main wing feathers, the absolute difference value of the main wing feathers is greater than or equal to 5mm, the main wing feathers are K1 types, and the absolute difference value of the main wing feathers is less than 5mm and greater than 2mm, the main wing feathers are K2 types; wherein the slow feather type comprises S1 equal long type, S2 inverted long type, S3 non-growing type and S4 micro long type; the main wing feathers and the main wing-covering feathers have the same length of S1, the main wing feathers are shorter than the main wing-covering feathers and are S2 inverted long, the main wing feathers do not grow out or the main wing-covering feathers do not grow out to be S3 un-grown long, and the wing feathers are longer than the main wing-covering feathers and are S4 micro-long within 2 mm; marking slow-feather chickens and fast-feather chickens, and taking the fast-feather chickens and the slow-feather chickens meeting the variety requirements as seeds when the chickens grow to 28 weeks;
(2) establishment of maternal breeding hens
a) Test crossing: selecting the slow-feather cocks meeting the variety requirement in the step (1), matching 20 hens for each cock, matching seeds by using an artificial insemination method, performing first semen deposition, starting to collect hatching eggs after three days, performing second semen deposition again after the seventh day, respectively collecting the hatching eggs, marking, and collecting 100 qualified hatching eggs for each cock for hatching; the eggs of each cock are separately placed in a hatching box strictly when the cocks are dropped; carefully observing and carefully identifying the chickens after the chickens are out of the shells, and finally eliminating the cock breeders with fast-feather chicks in the offspring to determine homozygous slow-feather cocks;
b) pure reproduction: mating the determined homozygous slow-feather cocks and slow-feather hens, mating by using an artificial insemination method, collecting hatching eggs for hatching, selecting standard-meeting hens and cocks from the breeding eggs, and finishing the establishment of a maternal breed stock;
(3) establishment of paternal breeder flocks
Breeding fast-feather hens and fast-feather cocks, eliminating slow-feather chickens in the chicks, and breeding the chickens; through four generations of breeding, enough stable parental breeding hens are established; feeding fast-feather cocks in a paternal breed chicken group with a feed containing dark-colored dried fruits, ensuring that the feed amount of each fast-feather cock is at least 100 g, and continuously feeding for 4-8 weeks; the dark-color dried fruit is any one or more of red-heart honey pomelo dried fruit, red-heart dragon fruit dried fruit, dried strawberry and dried watermelon; the mass of the dark-color dried fruits accounts for 15-30% of the total mass of the feed;
(4) hybridization of
And (4) hybridizing the fast-feather cock of the father line fed with the feed containing the dark-color dried fruits in the step (3) with the slow-feather hen of the mother line to obtain offspring, namely, the offspring is a commercial chick capable of identifying males and females by using the fast-feather and the slow-feather, namely, the fast-feather cock is the fast-feather hen, and the slow-feather cock is the slow-feather cock.
2. The method for improving the accuracy of self-sexing sex identification of the fast and slow feathers of the big-bone chicken as claimed in claim 1, wherein the commercially available hatching eggs obtained in step (1) are the hatching eggs purchased from the breed conservation field of the big-bone chicken.
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| CN117814163B (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-05-10 | 中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院 | Method for distinguishing male and female of silver drum fish based on morphological analysis |
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