CN103782960A - Breed conservation method for Sansui ducks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a breed conservation method for Sansui ducks. The breed conservation method for the Sansui ducks is characterized by including the first step of establishing Sansui duck original species groups, collecting hatching eggs from more than five villages and towns in a Sansui duck main aquiculture area, carrying out disinfection and hatching on the hatching eggs after egg selection, duckling selection and mature duck selection, preserving the Sansui ducks with obvious varietal characteristics, wherein families are set up among the 120-day-old Sansui ducks according to the proportion of one male duck to ten female ducks, and each family includes twenty female ducks and two male ducks to form a zero-generation species group, the second step of carrying out family-tree hatching, that is, labeling family numbers, male duck poultry rings and female duck poultry rings, arranging egg laying boxes, collecting the hatching eggs at a set time, carrying out hatching with the individual families as the unit and labeling the family numbers and female duck numbers on ducklings, and the third step of reserving breeding ducks in a random equivalent mode, wherein according to the requirements of 'reserving the ducklings equivalently in all the families and carrying out random apolegamy', every two years is regarded as one generation, the breeding ducks are selected and reserved according to the proportion of twelve female ducks to one male duck when the ducklings grow to 120 days, and new families are merged totally and randomly reestablished according to species groups of the selected and reserved breeding ducks.

Description

Sansui duck protecting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to genetic resources the protection field, the particularly store method of aquatic bird original seed of poultry.

Background technology

Animal Genetic Resource is life on earth through the result of long-term evolution, is that the mankind are rely and generated and the material base of sustainable development.China is one of country that Genetic Resources of Domestic Animal enriches the most in the world; these resource of animal and birds are the important substance bases of cultivating new varieties and new lines, protection bio-diversity, realizing sustainable development of animal husbandry, are also the important gene storehouses that meets following breeding demand.But in the past 30 years, due to historical and real, the Animal Genetic Resource of many preciousnesses of China has suffered greatly to destroy, and has quite a few livestock and poultry species in rare and less state, a small amount of in basic extinction state.According to statistics the 1950's, mammality endangered species has 94 kinds, 183 kinds of birds.To 1993, in 3831 livestock and poultry species in the whole world, have 618(to account for 16%) individually wither away, also have the livestock and poultry breeds resources of 30%-40% to be on the brink of extinction.In recent years, the protection of domestic animal genetic resources is attached great importance in countries in the world, and in June, 1992,167 countries have signed Convention on biological Diversity, and many countries formulate domestic animal genetic resources governing plan and safeguard measure.Within 1994, China has formally promulgated " planting livestock and poultry management rules " and " planting livestock and poultry management rules detailed rules for the implementation ", within 1996, has formally set up " the livestock and poultry species genetic resources committee of man of country " and " the professional validation board of national domestic animal kind ".

Egg duck is an important branch in Genetic Resources of Domestic Animal.China is the maximum country of the setting egg(s) duck number of animals raised of the world, within 2012, has reached 600,000,000.One of four large local name ducks that Sansui Ya Shi China is famous, the egg kind that Ye Shi Guizhou Province is famous.There is precocity, strong stress resistance, the features such as lay heavily, delicious meat.Nineteen eighty-two, by typing " Chinese poultry resource kind will ", is incorporated into " Chinese poultry resource Germplasm Resources of Local collection of illustrative plates " for 2003, within 2009, obtains the nuisanceless authentication in Ministry of Agriculture's product place of production, within 2010, obtains original producton location geographical sign trade mark registration.The existing 600 years history of Sansui duck cultivation, producing region centered by Sansui County, Guizhou Province, is radiated 9 counties and cities of Sansui County periphery.For a long time Sansui duck be all by peasant family from numerous autotrophy, there is no the guiding of leading enterprise and the breeding station of standard.Owing to lacking systematic breeding, other kinds of blind import and inbreeding etc. have caused the serious degradation of kind, and the quantity of original seed Sansui duck also sharply reduces.Therefore, the conservation of Sansui duck and creative utilization work are extremely urgent.

The guard method of Genetic Resources of Domestic Animal has original position to preserve the methods such as (live body preservation), somatic cell and embryo freezing, DNA library and gene location preservation at present.The freezing preservation of somatic cell is a kind of conservation mode with low cost, but needs clone technology as guarantee.It is the genetic resources store method being based upon from DNA level that DNA library and gene location are preserved, and cost is low, but its technical process is left to be desired.Therefore, live body is preserved in conjunction with strange land and is preserved or the main body of China's Genetic Resources of Domestic Animal protection.It is a system works that live body is preserved, and it need to be by setting up seed farm or nature reserve, establishment conservation quantity, rationally reserve seed for planting, formulate the aggregate measures such as rational mating system realizes.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: a kind of Sansui duck protecting method is provided, solve prior art and lacked systematic breeding, other kinds of blind import and inbreeding etc. have caused the serious degradation of kind, the technical problem that the quantity of original seed Sansui duck also sharply reduces.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Sansui duck protecting method, comprises following steps:

(1) establishment of the former population of Sansui duck; Kind of an egg is collected in more than 5 small towns in duck main producing region, Sansui, after sterilization hatching through egg choosing, seedling choosing, grow up after duck choosing, leave the obvious Sansui of varietal characteristic duck, when 120 age in days in 1 ♂: the male and female ratio of 10 ♀ is set up into family, each family 20 ♀: 2 ♂, composition zero population from generation to generation;

(2) pedigree hatching; Mark family number and male and female duck pin number, establish laying nest set time and collect kind of an egg, the hatching take family individuality as unit, duckling mark family number and duck number;

(3) random equivalent is reserved seed for planting; According to the requirement of " family equivalent is reserved seed for planting, at random apolegamy ", every 2 years is 1 generation, and duckling grows to 120 ages in days and starts to reserve seed for planting, by 12 ♀: the ratio of 1 ♂ is selected and remain, and the kind duck of selecting and remain all merges respectively by conservation group the new familys of recombinating at random.

According to the described new family of pedigree checking step (3), in each family, strictly avoid full sibs or half sibs assembly.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: by the method for taking random equivalent to reserve seed for planting, not only original seed Sansui duck blood lineage can be preserved, not cause the loss of excellent genes.On the other hand, reasonably equivalent is reserved seed for planting and is not also caused feed waste.Different regions gathers initial population sample also can preserve enough blood lineages as much as possible, finally realizes the system conservation of Sansui duck.

Embodiment

A protecting method for Sansui duck,

(1) establishment of the former population of Sansui duck; Collect kind of 1800 ~ 2000 pieces of kind eggs of egg in more than 5 small towns of duck main producing region, Sansui, after sterilization hatching, select, grow up after duck (120 age in days) choosing through egg choosing, seedling, leave 700 of the obvious Sansui of varietal characteristic ducks, when 120 age in days in 1 ♂: the male and female ratio of 10 ♀ is set up into 30 familys, each family 20 ♀: 2 ♂ (wherein 1 ♂ does for subsequent use), composition zero population from generation to generation;

(2) pedigree hatching; Mark family number and male and female duck pin number, establish laying nest set time and collect kind of an egg, the hatching take family individuality as unit, duckling mark family number and duck number;

(3) random equivalent is reserved seed for planting; According to the requirement of " family equivalent is reserved seed for planting; apolegamy at random ", it within every 2 years, is 1 generation, duckling grows to 120 ages in days and starts to reserve seed for planting, in 12 ♀: the ratio of 1 ♂ is selected and remain, the male and female duck of selecting and remain is the descendant of a male and female duck from generation to generation, when indivedual ducks are without issue, in other duck descendants in this family, select and remain and fill vacancies in the proper order at random, the kind duck of selecting and remain all merges respectively the new family of random restructuring by conservation group; Check new family according to pedigree, in each family, should strictly avoid full sibs or half sibs assembly; When drake disappearance, from common group, augment.

Claims (2)

1. a Sansui duck protecting method, is characterized in that: comprise following steps:

(1) establishment of the former population of Sansui duck; Kind of an egg is collected in more than 5 small towns in duck main producing region, Sansui, after sterilization hatching through egg choosing, seedling choosing, grow up after duck choosing, leave the obvious Sansui of varietal characteristic duck, when 120 age in days in 1 ♂: the male and female ratio of 10 ♀ is set up into family, each family 20 ♀: 2 ♂, composition zero population from generation to generation;

(2) pedigree hatching; Mark family number and male and female duck pin number, establish laying nest set time and collect kind of an egg, the hatching take family individuality as unit, duckling mark family number and duck number;

(3) random equivalent is reserved seed for planting; According to the requirement of " family equivalent is reserved seed for planting, at random apolegamy ", every 2 years is 1 generation, and duckling grows to 120 ages in days and starts to reserve seed for planting, by 12 ♀: the ratio of 1 ♂ is selected and remain, and the kind duck of selecting and remain all merges respectively by conservation group the new familys of recombinating at random.

2. a kind of Sansui according to claim 1 duck protecting method, is characterized in that: according to the described new family of pedigree checking step (3), strictly avoid full sibs or half sibs assembly in each family.