CN102934585B - Coffee cutting seedling culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and discloses a method for growing seedlings by cuttings of coffee. The method of the present invention selects straight branches of medium-sized coffee and cuts them to obtain cuttings; soaks the cuttings with 200mg/L IBA or 200-300mg/L NAA for 0.5h-1.5h; inserts the treated cuttings into the cutting matrix for The initial seedlings are raised, and then transferred to the nutrient soil for post-stage seedling cultivation to obtain coffee cuttings. The nutrient soil is a matrix formed by adding calcium superphosphate and topsoil to the livestock manure and decomposing together. According to the growth characteristics of medium-grained coffee, the present invention changes the treatment method of traditional plant growth regulators, adds reasonable nutrient soil for later seedling cultivation, and provides a systematic and comprehensive method for cutting seedlings of medium-sized coffee, making up for the existing method The shortcomings of incompleteness and poor rooting effect have far-reaching significance for improving the yield of medium-grained coffee.

Description

A kind of method of coffee cutting seedling raising

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a method for growing seedlings by cuttings of coffee.

Background technique

Coffee (tree) is a perennial evergreen shrub or small tree of the Rubiaceae family. It is a horticultural perennial economic crop. The fruit is one of the three famous beverages with aroma. There are small, medium and large varieties of coffee. Among them, the medium-grained coffee is cross-pollinated, and the yield of the seed tree varies greatly. Some offspring of the same high-yielding mother plant have high yields, and some have low yields, and the differences are large. Long-term use of seedlings, due to the low yield of plants that occupy a considerable proportion in the coffee garden, causes the yield per unit area of coffee to be low. Therefore, the method of seed breeding needs to be reformed urgently.

Cuttings, also known as cuttings, are a common propagation method for cultivating plants. Usually, the stems, leaves, roots, buds, etc. of some plants are cut (called cuttings in gardening), or inserted into the soil, sand, or soaked in water, and can be planted after taking root to make it an independent new plant. plants. Because the cuttings are directly selected from the mother plant, the mutation of the seed breeding method is avoided, and the excellent character of the mother plant is continued.

Existing reports on coffee cutting seedling cultivation are few, and only a few documents have reported the experiments of various factors affecting coffee cutting seedling cultivation, such as "Brief Report on Cutting Experiment of Medium-grained Coffee" (Zhang Jixiang et al., China Tropical Agriculture, 2012, 4, total No. 47), which conducted single-factor experiments to verify the suitable cuttings from various aspects such as cutting bed substrate, plant growth regulator, maturity degree of straight shoots, rooting time of cuttings, length of cuttings, whether the cuttings were topped or not. optimal conditions for each factor. However, this document is only a single-factor exploratory experiment, and does not give a complete method for cutting seedlings, nor does it comprehensively consider the mutual influence of various indicators. And the existing literature also lacks the content of transplanting and growing seedlings after cutting bed cultivation and cuttings are handled when plant growth regulators are processed. Simply go cutting and growing seedlings according to the method announced in this document, and its rooting effect is not very satisfactory, such as rooting rate, Root length, root coefficient, root diameter, and the rooting effect and plant growth status of coffee seedlings in the later stage (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, etc.) are important indicators to determine the quality of coffee seedlings. Whether the coffee seedlings that come out are easy to survive. Therefore, providing a coffee cutting seedling raising method capable of improving the rooting effect can greatly promote the planting scale of coffee seedlings and improve economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for growing coffee seedlings by cuttings, which can improve the rooting effect of the medium-sized coffee seedlings in the initial stage of rooting rate, root length, root coefficient, and root thickness, as well as the coffee seedlings in the later stages of plant height, Plant growth status in terms of stem thickness, number of branches, and number of leaves.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A method for raising seedlings by cuttings of coffee, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Select straight shoots of medium-grained coffee and cut them to obtain cuttings;

Step 2, soak the cuttings with 200mg/L IBA or 200-300mg/L NAA for 0.5h-1.5h;

Step 3, insert the cuttings treated in step 2 into the cutting matrix for initial seedling cultivation, and then transfer them to nutrient soil for later stage seedling cultivation to obtain coffee cutting seedlings. The nutrient soil is decomposed together after adding calcium superphosphate and topsoil from livestock manure Nutritious soil.

As preferably, the nutrient soil of the present invention is prepared by the following method:

Pile up the livestock manure and cover it with topsoil for airtight stacking and retting for 1 month, then turn over the pile again and cover the topsoil for airtight stacking and retting for 20 days to 1 month, then turn over the pile and add calcium superphosphate to mix well, then cover the topsoil and seal the stacking for 20 days days to 1 month.

The invention aims at the defects of the existing cutting seedling raising method, and changes the plant growth regulator treatment method of sticking and plugging in the traditional method to soaking for 0.5h-1.5h. At the same time, in view of the shortcomings of the existing coffee cutting seedlings that are rarely used for post-plant seedling cultivation (the general practice is only to transplant to the substrate composed of topsoil and organic fertilizer), according to the characteristics of medium-grained coffee plants, grow seedlings in the initial cutting substrate Then transfer to nutrient soil to continue to induce seedlings, which greatly improves the plant growth state of the medium-grained coffee, and makes up for the deficiency of the existing cutting-growing method of the medium-sized coffee. Wherein, the volume ratio of the topsoil, livestock manure and superphosphate in the nutrient soil is 7:3:0.2, the topsoil is loam, and the livestock manure is preferably cow dung, pig manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure. one or more of two.

The cuttings of the present invention can be obtained according to the conventional cutting methods in the art. As a preference, the present invention selects green, non-corked, mature leaves, and the second to third section of robust medium-grained coffee straight shoots under the terminal buds, and then Cut into branches with a pair of leaves and a length of 8cm-10cm, and cut the leaves at the same time so that each leaf retains a length of 6cm-8cm, and cut it horizontally at 1cm-2cm above the bud point to form a flat mouth, and then from the flat mouth from top to bottom Cut the branches longitudinally, divide them into two cuttings equally, and cut the ends of the cuttings into slopes at an angle of 45 degrees to obtain cuttings.

In this field, due to the consideration that the long-term treatment of cuttings with plant growth regulators is likely to inhibit the rooting of cuttings, technicians usually dip the cuttings and insert them into the cutting matrix immediately, but this method cannot be solved after the applicant's in-depth research. Effectively improve the rooting effect of medium-grained coffee, so on the basis of comprehensive consideration of plant growth regulators, medium-sized coffee characteristics and plant growth regulator treatment methods, the present invention uses 200mg/L IBA or 200-300mg/L L of NAA soaked for 0.5h-1.5h;, as a preferred solution, soak with 200mg/L NAA for 1.5h, or soak with 200mg/L IBA for 1.0h, or soak with 300mg/L NAA for 0.5h.

The transplanting substrate of the present invention is well known to those skilled in the art, such as topsoil, river sand, coconut bran, etc., preferably, the transplanting substrate of the present invention is composed of river sand and coconut bran with a volume ratio of 1:1.

In the initial seedling cultivation according to the present invention, it is preferred to cultivate for 3 months in an environment where the relative air humidity is 85%, the temperature is 25°C-28°C, and the degree of shade is 80%-90%.

In later stage seedling raising of the present invention, preferably:

Transfer the cuttings after the initial seedling cultivation to nutrient soil and cultivate them for 2 months in an environment with a relative air humidity of 85%, a temperature of 25°C-28°C, and a shading degree of 80%-90%, and then reduce the shading degree to 50%. -60% Continue to cultivate for 7-8 months, during which the water and fertilizer retting from the livestock manure described in step 3 are applied once every 10-15 days.

The water fertilizer is preferably obtained through the following methods:

Put the livestock manure in a sealed container for retting for 2-3 months, and add water to dilute to 3%-5% by mass when applying.

Refer to the optimal cutting plan in the conclusion part of "Brief Report on Cutting Test of Mesograin Coffee" (Zhang Jixiang et al., China Tropical Agriculture, 2012, 4, total No. 47) to raise seedlings of Mesograin coffee, and at the same time under the same seedling conditions Cultivate seedlings according to the cutting method of the present invention, and finally count the rooting effects of the two methods, and the results show that the present invention is superior to the existing methods in terms of rooting rate, root system quantity, root length and root thickness.

It can be seen from the above technical scheme that according to the growth characteristics of the medium-grained coffee, the present invention changes the treatment method of the traditional plant growth regulator, adds reasonable nutrient soil for later seedling cultivation, and provides a systematic and comprehensive method for cutting seedlings of the medium-sized coffee , make up for the incomplete and poor rooting effect of the existing methods, and have far-reaching significance for improving the yield of medium-grain coffee.

Detailed ways

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings by cuttings of coffee, and those skilled in the art can refer to the contents of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters to realize the method. In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present invention. The products and methods described in the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously make changes or appropriate changes and combinations to the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to achieve And apply the technology of the present invention.

The method for growing seedlings by cuttings of coffee provided by the present invention will be further described below.

Embodiment 1: cutting seedling raising method of the present invention

The length, width, and height of the cutting bed are 500cm×120cm×20cm. The cutting substrate in the seedbed is made of river sand and half-and-half (volume ratio) of coconut bran, and the thickness of the substrate is about 15cm. Seven days before cutting, 600 times carbendazim can be used for disinfection.

In spring and autumn, select green, uncorked, mature leaves, and strong branches of the second to third segments of the coffee medium-grain coffee under the terminal buds, and then cut them into branches with a pair of leaves and a length of 8cm-10cm. At the same time, cut the leaves so that each leaf retains a length of 6cm-8cm, and cut it horizontally at 1cm-2cm above the bud point to form a flat mouth, then cut the branches longitudinally from the flat mouth from top to bottom, and divide them into two cuttings. The ends are all cut into a slant at an angle of 45 degrees to obtain cuttings.

Soak the cuttings in 200mg/L NAA for 1.5h, punch holes in the cutting bed with a wooden stick, and insert the cuttings. The depth of the cuttings should be buried at the leaf nodes, and the density should be based on the fact that the leaves do not cover each other. After the cuttings are pressed, pour enough water. Cover the slotting bed with a plastic film to keep the humidity in the bed at about 85% and the temperature at 25°C-28°C, and then build a shade shed with a shading degree of 80%-90%. After coffee cuttings are cut, watering and disease prevention are the main management tasks after cuttings. In order to prevent diseases of the cuttings, 600 times of carbendazim can be sprayed 2-4 times after the cuttings, and the ventilation should be strengthened in the later stage.

The cuttings can be transplanted after 3 months. The nutrient soil is topsoil: livestock manure: superphosphate with a ratio of 7:3:0.2 (volume ratio). After transplanting, water thoroughly once, and water regularly. After 2 months, the shading degree can be reduced from 80%-90% to 50%-60%. According to the growth of the seedlings, water and fertilizer should be topdressed once every 10d-15d. Immediately after each fertilization, water should be thinly poured once to wash off the fertilizer stuck on the leaves or shoots. In the 9th to 10th month, the shading net can be opened in the morning and evening to improve the light resistance of the seedlings and prepare to go out of the nursery.

Wherein, the preparation of the water and fertilizer refers to the preparation method disclosed in the summary of the present invention, and the livestock manure is cow manure.

Embodiment 2: cutting seedling raising method of the present invention

The length, width, and height of the cutting bed are 500cm×120cm×20cm. The cutting substrate in the seedbed is made of river sand and half-and-half (volume ratio) of coconut bran, and the thickness of the substrate is about 15cm. Seven days before cutting, 600 times carbendazim can be used for disinfection.

In spring and autumn, select green, uncorked, mature leaves, and strong branches of the second to third segments of the coffee medium-grain coffee under the terminal buds, and then cut them into branches with a pair of leaves and a length of 8cm-10cm. At the same time, cut the leaves so that each leaf retains a length of 6cm-8cm, and cut it horizontally at 1cm-2cm above the bud point to form a flat mouth, then cut the branches longitudinally from the flat mouth from top to bottom, and divide them into two cuttings. The ends are all cut into a slant at an angle of 45 degrees to obtain cuttings.

Soak the cuttings in 200mg/L IBA for 1.0h, punch holes in the cutting bed with a wooden stick, and insert the cuttings. The cutting depth should be buried at the leaf nodes, and the density should be based on the fact that the leaves do not cover each other. After the cuttings are pressed, pour enough water. Cover the slotting bed with a plastic film to keep the humidity in the bed at about 85% and the temperature at 25°C-28°C, and then build a shade shed with a shading degree of 80%-90%. After coffee cuttings are cut, watering and disease prevention are the main management tasks after cuttings. In order to prevent diseases of the cuttings, 600 times of carbendazim can be sprayed 2-4 times after the cuttings, and the ventilation should be strengthened in the later stage.

The cuttings can be transplanted after 3 months. The nutrient soil is topsoil: livestock manure: superphosphate with a ratio of 7:3:0.2 (volume ratio). After transplanting, water thoroughly once, and water regularly. After 2 months, the shading degree can be reduced from 80%-90% to 50%-60%. According to the growth of the seedlings, water and fertilizer should be topdressed once every 10d-15d. Immediately after each fertilization, water should be thinly poured once to wash off the fertilizer stuck on the leaves or shoots. In the 9th to 10th month, the shading net can be opened in the morning and evening to improve the light resistance of the seedlings and prepare to go out of the nursery.

Wherein, the preparation of the water and fertilizer refers to the preparation method disclosed in the summary of the present invention, and the livestock manure is a mixture of cow manure, pig manure and sheep manure in any proportion.

Embodiment 3: cutting seedling raising method of the present invention

The length, width, and height of the cutting bed are 500cm×120cm×20cm. The cutting substrate in the seedbed is made of river sand and half-and-half (volume ratio) of coconut bran, and the thickness of the substrate is about 15cm. Seven days before cutting, 600 times carbendazim can be used for disinfection.

In spring and autumn, select green, uncorked, mature leaves, and strong branches of the second to third segments of the coffee medium-grain coffee under the terminal buds, and then cut them into branches with a pair of leaves and a length of 8cm-10cm. At the same time, cut the leaves so that each leaf retains a length of 6cm-8cm, and cut it horizontally at 1cm-2cm above the bud point to form a flat mouth, then cut the branches longitudinally from the flat mouth from top to bottom, and divide them into two cuttings. The ends are all cut into a slant at an angle of 45 degrees to obtain cuttings.

Soak the cuttings in 300mg/L NAA for 0.5h, punch holes in the cutting bed with a wooden stick, and insert the cuttings. The depth of the cuttings should be buried at the leaf nodes, and the density should be based on the fact that the leaves do not cover each other. After the cuttings are pressed, pour enough water. Cover the slotting bed with a plastic film to keep the humidity in the bed at about 85% and the temperature at 25°C-28°C, and then build a shade shed with a shading degree of 80%-90%. After coffee cuttings are cut, watering and disease prevention are the main management tasks after cuttings. In order to prevent diseases of the cuttings, 600 times of carbendazim can be sprayed 2-4 times after the cuttings, and the ventilation should be strengthened in the later stage.

The cuttings can be transplanted after 3 months. The nutrient soil is topsoil: livestock manure: superphosphate with a ratio of 7:3:0.2 (volume ratio). After transplanting, water thoroughly once, and water regularly. After 2 months, the shading degree can be reduced from 80%-90% to 50%-60%. According to the growth of the seedlings, water and fertilizer should be topdressed once every 10d-15d. Immediately after each fertilization, water should be thinly poured once to wash off the fertilizer stuck on the leaves or shoots. In the 9th to 10th month, the shading net can be opened in the morning and evening to improve the light resistance of the seedlings and prepare to go out of the nursery.

Wherein, the preparation of the water and fertilizer refers to the preparation method disclosed in the summary of the present invention, and the livestock manure is mixed with chicken manure and pig manure in any proportion.

Embodiment 4: the influence of different auxins on rooting effect

1. Select NAA and IBA auxin respectively to process the cuttings. Other seedling raising steps are the same as in Example 1. The treatment methods and rooting effects are shown in Table 1.

The impact of table 1 plant growth regulator treatment mode on rooting effect

serial number auxin Concentrationmg/L processing method Rooting rate% Number of roots: bar root length cm root thickness mm 1 NAA 300 stick and plug 68.22 1.89 13.68 2.26 2 NAA 200 stick and plug 63.34 2.18 11.42 2.07 3 IBA 200 stick and plug 65.42 1.56 11.78 1.75 4 NAA 300 Soak for 0.5h 76.67 2.62 16.43 2.24 5 NAA 200 Soak for 1.5h 87.23 3.00 16.32 2.34 6 IBA 200 Soak 1.0h 85.00 2.99 14.3 1.79 7 NAA 200 Soak for 3.5h 70.52 2.32 12.43 2.05 8 NAA 300 Soak for 3.5h 75.32 2.03 13.78 2.23 9 IBA 200 Soak for 3.5h 73.05 1.78 12.67 1.86

It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that the rooting effect of seedling cultivation according to the plant growth regulator treatment methods (4, 5, 6) of the present invention is significantly higher than the rooting effect of the treatment methods of dipping and plugging and long-term soaking.

2. Carry out cutting seedling cultivation according to 4, 5, and 6 treatments in 1, the difference is that the nutrient soil is different (treatment 1 and 4 components are the same, but treatment 1 is prepared according to the preferred nutrient soil preparation method described in the present invention, that is, superphosphate participates For the decomposing process of livestock manure, superphosphate in treatment 4 is added directly after the manure is decomposed and stirred, and does not participate in the decomposing process), and the growth status of the plants is counted, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Transplanting seedlings on the impact of plant growth status

Note: the superphosphate of treatment 4 in Table 2 is directly added and stirred after the livestock manure is decomposed, and does not participate in the decomposing process. It is different from the optimal nutrient soil preparation method described in the present invention, and is hereby explained.

It can be seen from Table 2 that the growth state of coffee seedlings is obviously better than that of other nutrient soils when seedlings are raised in the later stage according to the nutrient soil (treatment 1) of the present invention. At the same time, it can also be seen that the nutrient soil with the same composition has different effects on the growth state of plants due to different treatment methods (treatment 1 and 4). The nutrient soil was prepared according to the method in treatment 1. The added superphosphate can better prevent the nitrogen loss of livestock manure, increase the activity of microorganisms, and accelerate the decomposition of livestock manure.

Embodiment 5: seedling raising test contrast

Refer to the optimal cutting plan (hereinafter referred to as the control group) in the conclusion part of "Brief Report on Cutting Test of Mesograin Coffee" (Zhang Jixiang et al., China Tropical Agriculture, 2012, April, Total No. 47) to raise seedlings of Mesograin Coffee , seedling raising conditions not mentioned in the literature (not including transplanting and carrying out later seedling raising part) are all consistent with the present invention, adopt embodiment 1-3 of the present invention to carry out seedling raising at the same time, statistical rooting effect, the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Comparison of rooting effect test

Rooting rate% Number of roots: bar root length cm root diameter cm control group 66.67 2.42 12.82 1.97 Example 1 87.23 3.00 16.32 2.34 Example 2 85.00 2.99 14.3 1.79 Example 3 76.67 2.62 16.43 2.24

As can be seen from the data in Table 3, compared with the existing optimum cutting seedling raising scheme, the rooting effect of the present invention has been obviously improved.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a method for coffee cuttage and seedling culture, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Step 1, choose medium-sized seed coffee upright growth cutting and obtain cuttings;

Step 2, the IBA immersion 0.5h-1.5h by cuttings with 200mg/L;

Step 3, the cuttings after step 2 the is processed initial stage of carrying out in the cutting medium that the river sand that is 1:1 by volume ratio and coconut palm chaff form of inserting grows seedlings, then be transferred to and in Nutrition Soil, carry out the later stage and grow seedlings and obtain coffee cuttage seeding, described Nutrition Soil is for adding by excrement of animals the Nutrition Soil that superphosphate becomes thoroughly decomposed and forms together with after loam, and the volume ratio of described loam, excrement of animals and superphosphate is 7:3:0.2.。

2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1 is:

Choose that green, not suberification, blade are aging, second to the 3rd section of healthy and strong medium-sized seed coffee upright growth under terminal bud, then the branch that to be cut into 1 pair of blade, length be 8cm-10cm, the blade of cutting simultaneously makes every blade retain 6cm-8cm length, and at bud, put above 1cm-2cm place level and be cut into flat mouth, then from flat mouth, from top to bottom branch is longitudinally cut open, be divided equally into two cuttings, the inclined-plane that cutting end is all whittled into miter angle obtains cuttings.

3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2 is:

With 200mg/L IBA, soak 1.0h.

4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 3 initial stage grow seedlings into:

At relative air humidity, be 85%, temperature is to cultivate 3 months under 25 ℃-28 ℃, the shade rate environment that is 80%-90%.

5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described excrement of animals is one or more in cow dung, pig manure, sheep excrement, chicken manure.

6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described later stage grow seedlings into:

Cuttings after initial stage is grown seedlings be transferred to after Nutrition Soil at relative air humidity be 85%, temperature is to cultivate 2 months under 25 ℃-28 ℃, the shade rate environment that is 80%-90%, then shade rate reduces to 50%-60% and continue to cultivate 7-8 month, during every 10-15 days, use the liquid manure macerated by excrement of animals described in step 31 time.

7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described liquid manure is macerated into by the following method:

Described excrement of animals is placed in airtight container retting 2-3 month, and while using, thin up is that 3%-5% obtains to mass percent.

8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Nutrition Soil is prepared by following methods:

Excrement of animals is stacked to the airtight stack retting of bonnet loam 1 month, and then turning is covered the airtight stack retting of loam 20 days to 1 month again, and then then then turning add superphosphate and mix covers after loam airtight stack retting 20 days to 1 month.