CN109937964A - A kind of genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate - Google Patents
A kind of genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109937964A CN109937964A CN201910266084.6A CN201910266084A CN109937964A CN 109937964 A CN109937964 A CN 109937964A CN 201910266084 A CN201910266084 A CN 201910266084A CN 109937964 A CN109937964 A CN 109937964A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of genetic improvement methods of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate to use following technical scheme: setting up 0 generation core group first, in accordance with the ratio of male and female 1:20, the offspring of 3 batches is continuously bred according to pedigree, single generation every batch of specific implementation step includes: the selection of growth early stage appearance traits, feed conversion rate measurement and selection, cage is adjusted to set up family, pedigree hatching, per stirpes semen deposition, semen deposition 3 starts to collect hatching egg after taking turns, hatching egg is hatched according to pedigree, wing number is worn after chick hatching, the breeding by least two generations terminates.Using the genetic improvement method of above-mentioned high-quality chicken feed conversion rate, the rate of reserving seed for planting is improved, and then accelerates genetic progress.Selection of the invention selects to carry out feed conversion rate measurement in 40-45 age in days, can strictly be screened to appearance traits before this, it is ensured that the appearance character of feed conversion rate measurement individual meets the requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to livestock and poultry selection and improvement technology, the espespecially genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate.
Background technique
Feed cost accounts for about the 70% of poultry production cost, and the main feedstuff price such as soybean, corn continues in recent years
Surging, this undoubtedly improves poultry farming cost.Large size breeding enterprise both domestic and external is devoted to improve the food conversion of poultry
Rate reduces feed intake under the premise of not sacrificing quality, to reduce food consumption, reduce feeding cost, improves the warp of enterprise
Ji benefit.Since hardware facility limits, it is big that poultry individual feed intake records difficulty.Broiler fodder conversion ratio is medium relatively low heredity
Power character, genetic force are larger by such environmental effects between 0.3~0.4.Meat type chicken generallys use families selecting at present
Method, the feed intake that one all individual of half sibs mixed family of record and statistics are brooded with finishing period, and then calculate food conversion
Rate family half sibs mean value, a part because environmental deviation in individual phenotypic number can cancel each other out in family mean value,
Family mean value is close to average breeding value, and then the family low to family mean value is reserved seed for planting and breed next generation.Phase therewith
Than the feed conversion rate selection of egg type chicken is more complicated, broods and finishing period in addition to be recorded as unit of family
Other than feed intake, also wants the chicken group in split postpartum to carry out daily material consumption measurement, until 56 week old terminate, finally calculate food conversion
Rate.
Since prior art is not measured individual phenotype, the difference between different family individuals can not be judged,
Seed selection accuracy cannot be improved in conjunction with individual choice in seed selection.Family mean value is treated as estimated breeding value by family selection method, but
It is unable to fully utilize individual self-information, pedigree information and information born of the same parents.Another problem that family selection method occurs is family
Mean value is only capable of offsetting the component environment deviation in this generation individual phenotypic number, and can not carry out between the environmental deviation different generations
Correction.Therefore for low-heritability traits, family selection method has that selection intensity is relatively low, accuracy is relatively low asks for seed selection always
Topic.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to which the heredity for providing a kind of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate changes
Good recipe method.
To realize that above-mentioned goal of the invention, the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate of the invention use following
Technical solution:
According to an aspect of the present invention, 0 generation core group is set up first, in accordance with the ratio of male and female 1:20, connected according to pedigree
The offspring of 3 batches of continuous breeding, Dan Shidai every batch of specific implementation step are as follows:
S1, the selection of growth early stage appearance traits, when hatching, eliminate weak young bird, when 30-40 age in days select and remain healthy and strong figure, plumage color and
Part meets the individual of breeding objective；The individual information that figure is uniform, the personal degree of feather is high is selected and remain when 35-45 age in days.
S2, feed conversion rate measurement and selection, when breeder 40-45 age in days, start to carry out individual feed intake measurement, until
Terminate when listing age in days, record original body mass terminates weight and test period feed consumption rate, according to said determination as a result, in conjunction with pedigree
Information estimates this batch breeder feed-weight ratio breeding value, and selects and remain out the high individual of feed conversion rate according to breeding value, and cock stays
Kind of rate is 10%~20%, and hen rate of reserving seed for planting is 40%~50%；The individual of 3 batches is being opened into postpartum synthesis 1 group.
S3, cage is adjusted to set up family, when the 3rd batch breeder 200-240 age in days, in conjunction with individual information, pedigree information and same
Born of the same parents' information is estimated the feed-weight ratio breeding value of livestock on hand cock and hen and is selected and remain for the second time, it is high to select and remain out feed conversion rate
Breeder, cock reserve seed for planting rate as 2-3%, and hen reserves seed for planting rate as 25-28%, then sets up full sibs man according to the ratio of male and female 1:20
Next generation is bred by system.
S4, pedigree hatching, per stirpes semen deposition, semen deposition 3 start to collect hatching egg after taking turns, and hatching egg is hatched according to pedigree, young
Wing number is worn after chicken hatching,
S5, the breeding for repeating above-mentioned S1~S4 step, recycle into next generation, by the breeding of at least two generations
Terminate.
Using the genetic improvement method of above-mentioned high-quality chicken feed conversion rate, have the advantage that compared with prior art
The present invention takes full advantage of individual phenotypic information, pedigree information, individual breeding is greatly improved when feed conversion rate selects
It is worth the accuracy of estimation, and then obtains faster genetic progress.In the estimation of feed-weight ratio breeding value, from generation to generation with batch as admittedly
Determine effect, the environmental deviation being effectively corrected between different generations, different batches.The present invention breeds multiple batch groups, increases
Measured individual amount improves the rate of reserving seed for planting, and then accelerates genetic progress.Selection of the invention select in 42 age in days into
The measurement of row feed conversion rate, before this can strictly screen appearance traits, it is ensured that feed conversion rate measurement individual
Appearance character meet the requirements.
In order to preferably realize that goal of the invention, the present invention also have following more preferably technical solution:
In some embodiments, to adapt to deliver for sale and market demands, to be referring to broiler chicken Time To Market when listing age in days
It is quasi-.
In some embodiments, it is comprised the following steps that after gregarious
S1, it adjusts cage to set up family, when the 3rd batch 210 age in days of breeder, is educated according to the feed-weight ratio that measurement batch result calculates
Kind value, selects and remain feed-weight ratio breeding value high cock and hen, cock is reserved seed for planting 40, and hen is reserved seed for planting 800, according to male and female 1:20's
Ratio sets up 800 family full-sibs, breeds next generation.
S2, pedigree hatching, after chicken group has built family, per stirpes semen deposition, semen deposition 3 starts to collect hatching egg, continuum after taking turns
Egg 30 days, the 1st~10 day hatching egg entered to incubate simultaneously, was the 1st batch hatching egg；11st~20 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously；It is the 2nd batch
Secondary hatching egg；21st~30 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously, is the 3rd batch hatching egg；Every batch of hatching egg is hatched according to pedigree, same
The hatching egg of a hen is placed in the same hatching cage, and wing number is worn after emergence, carries out pedigree record, is given up into chick to brooding.
In some embodiments, cage is adjusted to set up family, 230 age in days of the 1st batch breeder.
In some embodiments, feed-weight ratio is feed intake during being measured by feed conversion rate divided by during measurement
Weight gain is calculated.
In some embodiments, the rate of reserving seed for planting is public when cock or hen quantity to select and remain measures divided by feed conversion rate
The quantity of chicken or hen is calculated multiplied by 100%.
In some embodiments, the feed conversion rate measurement of step S2 and when selecting described in cock reserve seed for planting rate for
15%, hen reserve seed for planting rate be 45%.
Detailed description of the invention
The genetic improvement embodiment of the method frame structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 high-quality chicken feed conversion rate of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be describe below in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one:
The selection of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate, 40 210 for choosing Guangdong Wen S Southern Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd.
Age in days day reveals black cock chicken and 800 210 age in days days reveal black chicken hen, and it is complete same to set up 800 0 generations according to male and female ratio 1:20
, into seedling born of the same parents' family continuously breeds the offspring of 3 batches according to family, and Dan Shidai every batch of implementation steps are as follows: 1), when chick 1
When age in days, weak young bird is eliminated, into public seedling 2000, female seedling 2000.2), appearance traits primary election, it is public at 30 or 35 or 40 age in days
Hen selects and remain the individual that figure healthy and strong, plumage color and part meet breeding objective, and cock is reserved seed for planting 1500, and hen reserves seed for planting 1500
Only.3), appearance traits final election, at 35 or 40 or 45 age in days, cock selects and remain that crown height is moderate, figure is uniform, the personal individual of feather,
Hen selects and remain that figure is uniform, the fine and closely woven individual of accessory pinna, and cock is reserved seed for planting 500, and hen is reserved seed for planting 1000, removes to feed conversion rate individual
Measurement house.4), feed conversion rate measurement starts, at 40 or 42 or 45 age in days, measurement whose body weight and individual feed intake.Then
Daily inspection henhouse, timely feed supplement and record feeding quantity, accurate recording individual feed intake, and guarantee that measuring individual whole process freely adopts
Food.5), feed conversion rate measurement terminates, and at 80 or 84 or 90 age in days, measures whose body weight, and recording individual hopper clout
Amount.6), feed conversion rate selects, and calculates feed-weight ratio according to measurement result, estimates feed-weight ratio breeding value in conjunction with information born of the same parents, right
Cock, hen carry out feed conversion rate selection, select and remain the individual that feed-weight ratio breeding value is high, weight is bigger than normal, and the cock rate of reserving seed for planting is
10% or 20%, hen reserve seed for planting rate be 40% or 50%.7), hen opens production, when 126 age in days of hen, removes to house of laying eggs, to
It produces.Cock, hen carry out leukaemia detection and dysentery characterized by white mucous stool detection by disease purification scheme, eliminate some positive individual.
The hen of 3 batches is opening postpartum synthesis 1 group, and gregarious rear specific embodiment is as follows: tune cage first sets up family,
When the 3rd batch 210 age in days of breeder, according to the feed-weight ratio breeding value that all measurement batch results calculate, feed-weight ratio breeding is selected and remain
It is worth high cock and hen, cock is reserved seed for planting 40, and hen is reserved seed for planting 800, sets up 800 full sibs according to the ratio of male and female 1:20
Family breeds next generation.Then pedigree is hatched, and after chicken group has built family, per stirpes semen deposition, semen deposition 3 starts to collect after taking turns
Hatching egg.Continuous egg collection 30 days, the 1st~10 day hatching egg entered to incubate simultaneously, was the 1st batch hatching egg；11st~20 day hatching egg is simultaneously
Enter to incubate, is the 2nd batch hatching egg；21st~30 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously, is the 3rd batch hatching egg.Every batch of hatching egg is according to pedigree
Hatched, the hatching egg of the same hen is placed in the same hatching cage, and wing number is worn after emergence, carries out pedigree record, into chick
To house of brooding.Above-mentioned breeding step is repeated, is recycled into next generation.
Such as: day reveals black cock chicken, food stuff for chicken laying conversion ratio after the breeding of 3 generations, and male and female is averaged feed-weight ratio
3.12 it was reduced to for 3 generations 2.91 from generation to generation by 1, feed-weight ratio has dropped 0.21, average with every kilogram of 3.0 yuan of meat type feed calculating
Every 1 yuan of saving feed cost, achieves ideal effect of the present invention.
Embodiment two:
A kind of selection of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate, 40 for choosing Guangdong Wen S Southern Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd.
It is complete same to set up 800 0 generations according to male and female ratio 1:20 for 210 age in days Spotted-brown chicken cocks and 800 210 age in days Spotted-brown chicken hens
, into seedling born of the same parents' family continuously breeds the offspring of 3 batches according to family, and Dan Shidai every batch of implementation steps are as follows: 1), when chick 1
When age in days, weak young bird is eliminated, into public seedling 2000, female seedling 2000.2), appearance traits primary election, it is public at 30 or 35 or 40 age in days
Hen selects and remain the individual that figure healthy and strong, plumage color and part meet breeding objective, and cock is reserved seed for planting 1500, and hen reserves seed for planting 1500
Only.3), appearance traits final election, at 35 or 40 or 45 age in days, cock select and remain crown height is moderate, figure uniformly, chest leg flesh development it is good
Good individual, hen select and remain figure reunion, the fine and closely woven individual of accessory pinna, and cock is reserved seed for planting 500, and hen is reserved seed for planting 1000, remove to feed and turn
Rate individual measurement house.4), feed conversion rate measurement starts, and at 40 or 42 or 45 age in days, measures whose body weight and individual is adopted
Appetite.Then daily inspection henhouse, timely feed supplement and record feeding quantity, accurate recording individual feed intake, and guarantee that measurement is individual
Whole process is freely eaten.5), feed conversion rate measurement terminates, and at 70 or 77 or 80 age in days, measures whose body weight, and recording individual
Hopper clout amount.6), feed conversion rate selects, and calculates feed-weight ratio according to measurement result, estimates feed-weight ratio in conjunction with information born of the same parents
Breeding value carries out feed conversion rate selection to cock, hen, selects and remain the individual that feed-weight ratio breeding value is high, weight is bigger than normal, cock stays
Kind of rate is 8% or 10% or 12%, and hen rate of reserving seed for planting is 35% or 40% or 45%.7), hen opens production, when hen 110 or 119
Or when 125 age in days, remove to house of laying eggs, wait produce.Cock, hen carry out leukaemia detection and dysentery characterized by white mucous stool detection by disease purification scheme,
Eliminate some positive individual.
The hen of 3 batches is opening postpartum synthesis 1 group, and gregarious rear specific embodiment is as follows:
8), cage is adjusted to set up family, when the 3rd batch 210 age in days of breeder, according to the material weight of all measurement batch results calculating
Than breeding value, feed-weight ratio breeding value high cock and hen are selected and remain, cock is reserved seed for planting 40, and hen is reserved seed for planting 800, according to male and female 1:
20 ratio sets up 800 family full-sibs, breeds next generation.
9), pedigree is hatched, and after chicken group has built family, per stirpes semen deposition, semen deposition 3 starts to collect hatching egg after taking turns.Continuum
Egg 30 days, the 1st~10 day hatching egg entered to incubate simultaneously, was the 1st batch hatching egg；11st~20 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously, is the 2nd batch
Secondary hatching egg；21st~30 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously, is the 3rd batch hatching egg.Every batch of hatching egg is hatched according to pedigree, same
The hatching egg of a hen is placed in the same hatching cage, and wing number is worn after emergence, carries out pedigree record, is given up into chick to brooding.It repeats
Above-mentioned step 1 is recycled to the breeding step of step 9 into next generation.
Such as: after the breeding of 3 generations, male and female is averaged feed-weight ratio by 1 for Spotted-brown chicken cock, food stuff for chicken laying conversion ratio
3.14 it was promoted to for 3 generations 2.87 from generation to generation, feed-weight ratio has dropped 0.27, every average with every kilogram of 3.0 yuan of meat type feed calculating
1.4 yuan of feed cost are saved, ideal effect of the present invention is achieved.
Above-described is only some embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, not
Under the premise of being detached from the invention design, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection model of the invention
It encloses.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate, which is characterized in that set up 0 generation according to the ratio of male and female 1:20
For core group, the offspring of 3 batches is continuously bred according to pedigree, Dan Shidai every batch of specific implementation step is as follows:
S1, the selection of growth early stage appearance traits, when hatching, eliminate weak young bird, and when 30-40 age in days selects and remain healthy and strong figure, plumage color and part
Meet the individual of breeding objective；The individual that figure is uniform, the personal degree of feather is high is selected and remain when 35-45 age in days.
S2, feed conversion rate measurement and selection, when breeder 40-45 age in days, start to carry out individual feed intake measurement, until listing
Terminating when age in days, record original body mass terminates weight and test period feed consumption rate, according to said determination as a result, in conjunction with pedigree information,
It estimates this batch breeder feed-weight ratio breeding value, and the high individual of feed conversion rate is selected and remain out according to breeding value, cock is reserved seed for planting rate
Be 10%~20%, hen reserve seed for planting rate be 40%~50%；The individual of 3 batches is opening postpartum synthesis 1 group.
S3, cage is adjusted to set up family, when the 3rd batch breeder 200-240 age in days, in conjunction with individual information, pedigree information and compatriot's letter
Breath is estimated the feed-weight ratio breeding value of livestock on hand cock and hen and is selected and remain for the second time, selects and remain out the high breeder of feed conversion rate,
Cock reserves seed for planting rate as 2-3%, and hen reserves seed for planting rate as 25-28%, and it is numerous then to set up family full-sibs according to the ratio of male and female 1:20
Grow next generation.
S4, pedigree hatching, per stirpes semen deposition, semen deposition 3 start to collect hatching egg after taking turns, and hatching egg is hatched according to pedigree, and chick goes out
Wing number is worn after young bird,
S5, the breeding for repeating above-mentioned S1~S4 step, recycle into next generation, by the breeding knot of at least two generations
Beam.
2. the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the listing
It is subject to when age in days referring to broiler chicken Time To Market.
3. the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described it is gregarious after
It comprises the following steps that
S1, it adjusts cage to set up family, when the 3rd batch 210 age in days of breeder, is educated according to the feed-weight ratio that all measurement batch results calculate
Kind value, selects and remain feed-weight ratio breeding value high cock and hen, cock is reserved seed for planting 40, and hen is reserved seed for planting 800, according to male and female 1:20's
Ratio sets up 800 family full-sibs, breeds next generation.
S2, pedigree hatching, after chicken group has built family, per stirpes semen deposition, semen deposition 3 starts to collect hatching egg, continuous egg collection 30 after taking turns
It, the 1st~10 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously, is the 1st batch hatching egg；11st~20 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously；For the 2nd batch kind
Egg；21st~30 day hatching egg enters to incubate simultaneously, is the 3rd batch hatching egg；Every batch of hatching egg is hatched according to pedigree, the same mother
The hatching egg of chicken is placed in the same hatching cage, and wing number is worn after emergence, carries out pedigree record, is given up into chick to brooding.
4. the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tune cage
Set up family, 230 age in days of the 1st batch breeder.
5. the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the material weight
Than being that the feed intake during being measured by feed conversion rate is calculated divided by the weight gain during measurement.
6. the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described reserves seed for planting
Rate is that the quantity of cock or hen is calculated multiplied by 100% when cock to select and remain or hen quantity measure divided by feed conversion rate
It obtains.
7. the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feeding of step S2
The measurement of material conversion ratio and when selecting described in cock rate of reserving seed for planting be 15%.
8. the genetic improvement method of high-quality chicken feed conversion rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feeding of step S2
The measurement of material conversion ratio and when selecting described in hen rate of reserving seed for planting be 45%.
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| CN113207804A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-06 | 海南绿然文昌鸡股份有限公司 | High-quality high-resistance rapid propagation chicken gene screening and combination method |
| CN116267788A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-06-23 | 塔里木大学 | Genetic improvement method for improving chicken feed conversion rate |
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| CN109937964B (en) | 2021-08-13 |
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