CN112674032A

CN112674032A - Method for breeding high-yield black-bone chicken

Info

Publication number: CN112674032A
Application number: CN202011604531.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐继高; 沈德林; 苗小猛; 刘嘉; 李洪曙; 李益; 杨兴刚; 王清颖
Original assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY
Current assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY
Priority date: 2020-12-29
Filing date: 2020-12-29
Publication date: 2021-04-20

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of black-bone chicken cultivation, and discloses a cultivation method of a high-yield black-bone chicken, which comprises the following steps: selecting a paternal line and a maternal line; hybridizing; selecting a heat-preservation brooding room to use early-stage feed for early-stage breeding of the black-bone chickens, and putting the de-warmed black-bone chickens which are bred in the early stage into a passion fruit forest for stocking; taking out the microbial base plate in the heat-preservation brooding room for recycling; cleaning, disinfecting and ventilating the heat-preservation brooding room until the brooding of the next batch is finished. The invention divides the breeding of the black-bone chicken into two stages of early indoor breeding and later stocking, and can realize the increase of the egg yield. According to the invention, the culture base plate is laid in the culture process, so that on one hand, the environment of the heat-preservation brooding room can be improved, the peculiar smell is reduced, and on the other hand, the collection and utilization of chicken manure can be realized; the growth of the black-bone chickens is promoted and the nutrition is supplemented through the preparation of the feed in different periods, so that the economic benefit of the black-bone chicken breeding is improved.

Description

Method for breeding high-yield black-bone chicken

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of black-bone chicken cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of high-yield black-bone chicken.

Background

At present, the black-bone chicken (Silkypaw) is also called Wushan chicken and black-bone chicken, and is a kind of omnivorous family bird. It originates from Taihe and Wushan county in Jiangxi province of China. Black-bone chickens have been raised over the past 2000 years and are dark not only in their beaks, eyes, feet, but also in skin, muscles, bones and most internal organs. From the aspect of nutritive value, the nutrition of the black-bone chicken is far higher than that of the common chicken, and the taste is very tender when the black-bone chicken is eaten. The medicinal and dietetic effects are more incomparable with those of common chickens, and are called as rare dietetic rare birds by people. The black-bone chicken nest-taking property is strong, some individuals can wake up in 25 days, but the individual difference is large. Those with short nests had higher egg production and conversely less. The black-bone chicken is sensitive in response, small in gall and frightened, and particularly, the chicks are sensitive to external response, and once stimulated by noise, noise and other special sounds, the black-bone chicken gather together and mutually harass and press, so that the black-bone chicken easily dies. Furthermore, black-bone chickens have poor defence, especially in chicks, against attack by mice, cats, dogs, hawks and beasts and lack self-defence. The existing black-bone chicken breeding is whole-course indoor breeding, and the meat quality of the black-bone chicken is poor; and the chicks are easy to die due to large breeding density and poor breeding environment in the breeding process, and the economic benefit is poor.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing black-bone chicken breeding is whole-course indoor breeding, and the meat quality of the black-bone chicken is poor; and the chicks are easy to die due to large breeding density and poor breeding environment in the breeding process, and the economic benefit is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding high-yield black-bone chickens.

The invention is realized in such a way that the method for cultivating the high-yield black-bone chicken comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting a black-bone chicken breed cock which accords with the black-bone chicken breed characteristics and has stable heredity as a first male parent; introducing egg type recessive white feather hen and black feather black bone green shell egg cock as male parents, and hybridizing;

selecting and reserving a hybrid F1 generation hen which is 40 weeks old, accords with the breed characteristics of the black-bone chicken and has higher egg laying performance as a female parent, and performing F1 generation performance measurement;

step three, selecting a black-bone chicken cock and an F1 hen generation to perform a hybridization test; selecting and reserving a hybrid F2 generation which is consistent with the variety characteristics of the black-bone chickens and has higher egg laying performance at 40 weeks as breeding chickens, and performing performance measurement on the F2 generation;

step four, after the F2 generation is fixed in a crossing way, selecting black-bone chicken breeds which accord with the characteristics of the black-bone chicken breeds, are 1 day old, 30-40g in quality, good in health condition and uniform in feather color and have no incomplete body and limbs, and brooding the black-bone chicken;

step five, selecting a heat-preservation brooding room to carry out early-stage breeding of black-bone chickens, paving a microbial base plate in the heat-preservation brooding room to carry out fecal treatment, setting the temperature of the heat-preservation brooding room to be 33-35 ℃ in the 1 st week, 30-33 ℃ in the 2 nd week, 27-29 ℃ in the 3 rd week, 24-26 ℃ in the 4 th week, 20-23 ℃ in the 5 th week, the humidity to be 55-60%, and controlling the concentration to be 20-50 black-bone chickens per m³The chicken is placed in a heat-preservation brooding room for cultivation according to the cultivation density;

weighing 8-11 parts of soybean meal, 7-9 parts of corn flour, 4-5 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of crude protein, 2-4 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-4 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine additive and 1-2 parts of peanut cake according to parts by weight;

seventhly, preparing traditional Chinese medicine additives by using astragalus, honeysuckle, cassia seeds, mulberry leaves, liquorice and schizonepeta spike; mixing corn flour, fish meal and crude protein to obtain a mixture;

step eight, crushing and grinding the peanut cake, and dissolving the peanut cake in water to obtain peanut slurry; sieving soybean meal and cottonseed meal, adding into the peanut pulp, adding the mixture and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, and uniformly stirring to obtain pasty early-stage culture feed;

step nine, breeding the baby chicks by using the early-stage feed, wherein the breeding time is 5-6 weeks; putting the black-bone chickens which are bred in the early stage into a passion fruit forest for stocking, wherein the temperature of a stocking area is 18-32 ℃, and driving the black-bone chickens into a chicken house for temporary breeding when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃;

step ten, taking out the microbial base plate in the heat-preservation brooding room for recycling: taking out the massive microorganism backing plate in the heat-preservation brooding room, and directly placing the massive microorganism backing plate in a crusher for crushing to obtain a backing plate material; adding a zymophyte agent into the padding material to ferment the padding material to obtain a fermentation mixture;

step eleven, taking the fermented mixture as an earthworm breeding material for earthworm breeding; taking the fermented mixture carrying the earthworms as a fertilizer to carry out field fertilization; cleaning, disinfecting and ventilating the heat-preservation brooding room for the next batch of cultivation;

step twelve, mixing 5-7 parts of earthworms, 1-3 parts of honeysuckle extracts, 14-19 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of edible salt, 8-11 parts of rice, 3-6 parts of fishbone powder and 1-2 parts of trace elements according to parts by mass, and preparing the free-range chicken feed; and (4) using the free-range chicken feed to carry out the later free-range breeding of the black-bone chickens, and collecting eggs of the black-bone chickens.

Further, in the first step, the method for selecting the father line includes: the method mainly selects the characteristics of body appearance, growth speed and mating reproductive capacity, the selection method mainly adopts individual selection and combines the family selection reproductive performance, and the cock is selected according to the sibling score;

the selection method of the mother line comprises the following steps: besides selecting body type and appearance, egg laying performance is selected mainly, and then fertilization rate and early growth speed are coordinately developed; the hens are selected according to the family and the individual scores.

Further, the method for selecting the father line comprises the following steps:

the first stage is as follows: after the hatchlings are subjected to male and female identification, young chicks which have obvious development, lively and good health condition of the breeders are selected and reserved; the shank color, the feather color and the feather speed are mainly selected;

and a second stage: selecting the cock with larger weight, black cock comb, normal keel development, disease-free chicken leg and no bent toe as a standard breeding cock from the cock at the age of 60 days, and eliminating the cock with defective appearance; selecting the physique, the weight, the tail feather, the feather color, the shank color, the crown shape and the crown size, and eliminating the cocks with too light weight and sex identification errors; the selecting and remaining proportion of the male and the female is 1: 5;

and a third stage: selecting and reserving a cock with the weight meeting the strain standard and within the standardized deviation average range of the average weight of the whole group from the cock group for standard planting at the age of 120 days; selecting and remaining cockscomb with large development of beard, full-black color, good feather growth, good body development, soft abdomen, sexual reaction during massage, and selecting and remaining ratio of male and female being 1: 10;

a fourth stage: seed selection: selecting and reserving the semen at 150 days according to the semen quality and the body weight; the new cock can form conditioned reflex after 7 days of massage and semen collection; selecting and reserving a male-female ratio of 1: 20-1: 30: at 150 days old, more than 90% of the massage semen collection response is excellent and good, and 10% of the massage semen collection response is poor, less or no semen discharge, and the massage semen collection response is continued to be supplemented and trained;

the fifth stage: selecting 300 days old for carrying out, mainly selecting the egg yield, weighing weight and leukemia to be in accordance with the national standard, building and carrying out, and recording the reproductive performance.

Further, in the second step, the performance measurement contents include:

(1) feather color: the character of preferential breeding is black feather; the individual selection can play a larger role, namely pure black feather is selected from the phenotype, a locked population breeding method is adopted, homogeneous matching is carried out, and the consistency of the hair color of the population is improved after several generations;

(2) and (3) body type characters: the body types of the broilers are generally large, medium and small, wherein the economic value of large high-quality black feather broilers is high, and the body types of the broilers are selected according to different varieties and different consumption habits; regardless of the body type, the requirements are small head, short neck, wide chest, short shin, thin shin and full body; for the length, thickness and color of the shin, the selection method is that an individual with proper weight is selected, and then an individual with short, thin and black shin is selected, wherein the selection standard for the length of the shin of the cock is properly lowered to ensure that the cock has enough weight, the selection pressure of the hen is increased, the individual with short and thin shin is selected as much as possible, the weight is allowed to be reduced a little correspondingly, and the influence of the weight of the hen on the offspring is relatively small; except for the size of the body and the length, thickness and color of the shin, individuals with moderate oblique body length, short tail and smooth and bright hair are selected and remained in each generation, and the individuals with too narrow and too long body trunk, too wing tail and fluffy feather are correspondingly insisted out;

(3) meat quality character: the meat quality is mainly determined by the variety, the chicken with thin muscle fiber and small muscle bundle is taken as the best, the medium-speed and slow large variety can meet the requirements, after being raised for 180 days, the chicken has thin skin and thin bone, soft and glutinous muscles, and even fat distribution between subcutaneous skin and muscle, and is suitable for stewing and boiling;

(4) growth rate and feed conversion ratio: the growth speed of chickens with soft and glutinous meat and strong chicken taste is low, the feed conversion rate is low, in order to meet the requirement of commodity production, the growth performance of high-quality broiler chickens needs to be properly bred, and the effects of increasing the weight gain speed and the feed conversion rate are achieved under the condition of no obvious development and meat quality influence; selecting chicks with big heads, thick necks, round abdomens, flat umbilicus, health and firmness during hatching by adopting individual selection, and picking out weak and small individuals, generally 10%; selecting male and female chicken at 30, 60 and 90 days for three times; selecting individuals with moderate weight, good health and development, good body type and compact hair for the hens, wherein the selected number is 60-70% of the number of chicks; selecting individuals with good development, good body and appearance, firm skeleton, strong shank, red and large crown, bright eyes, high head and weight more than one standard deviation from the average number, and selecting the number of the selected individuals to be 20 percent of the number of the chicks;

(5) selection of reproductive performance: the characteristics such as laying rate, fertility rate, hatchability, survival rate and the like are considered at the same time, and the growth speed, body form feather color and the like of each family are considered, so that evaluation can be carried out by using comprehensive indexes for each generation through a family selection method, then selection and elimination are determined, selected families form a core group, and breeding of the next generation is carried out;

(6) and (3) measuring the production performance:

1) and (3) measuring the growth speed: weighing once every 7 days from the birth weight of the shell until the age is 120 days, 150 days, 300 days and 500 days;

2) body size measurement: opening a birth rule at 5 months, 12 months, 300 days and 500 days;

3) slaughter determination: 180 days old and 300 days old;

4) meat quality determination: 120 days old and 300 days old;

5) and (3) egg quality determination: the age of 300 days;

6) egg yield statistics: beginning to produce for-500 days old;

7) pullorum disease detection and leukemia detection are carried out 1 time each at 30 days of age and 120 days of age according with national standards.

Further, in the fifth step, the microbial base plate comprises, by mass, 8-16 parts of rice chaff, 7-10 parts of sawdust, 5-6 parts of straws, 4-6 parts of rice husks, 6-8 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of waste fungus bags, 2-3 parts of yeast, 1-2 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus and 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis.

Further, in the fifth step, the preparation method of the microbial mat comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing the waste fungus bags to obtain fungus residues, mixing the fungus residues, rice chaff, sawdust, rice husk and wheat bran, and sieving to obtain a mixture;

(2) placing corn straws and wheat straws in a crusher for crushing to obtain straw scraps;

(3) mixing saccharomycetes, pediococcus pentosaceus and bacillus subtilis to obtain a compound bacterial liquid;

(4) mixing the mixture with straw scraps, adding the compound bacterial liquid, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain the microbial padding;

(5) and (3) placing the microbial padding material in a mould, and drying and shaping to obtain the microbial padding plate.

Further, in the sixth step, the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises the following steps:

(1) drying herba Schizonepetae in a drying oven, and grinding to obtain herba Schizonepetae powder;

(2) soaking herba Schizonepetae powder, radix astragali, Glycyrrhrizae radix, and semen Cassiae in water for 8-10h, decocting together with the soaking solution, and filtering to obtain decoction;

(3) pulping flos Lonicerae and folium Mori in a pulping machine to obtain mixed pulp;

(4) adding the decoction and the mixed slurry into a vacuum concentrator, concentrating under reduced pressure, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain Chinese medicinal additive.

Further, in the tenth step, the fermentation inoculant is a mixture of bacillus subtilis and pediococcus pentosaceus.

Further, in step eleven, the disinfection method comprises the following steps: the povidone iodine is used as a disinfectant to disinfect the body of the heat-preservation brooding chamber and the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, and the disinfected heat-preservation brooding chamber is fumigated.

Further, in a twelfth step, the trace elements include: copper, iron, zinc, selenium, molybdenum and manganese.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the breeding method of the high-yield black-bone chicken, the breeding of the black-bone chicken is divided into an early indoor breeding stage and a later stocking stage, indoor breeding is carried out on chicks in the early stage, the temperature and the humidity are strictly controlled, the breeding survival rate can be improved, and the egg yield can be improved; stocking is carried out in the later stage, the compactness of meat quality can be improved, the promotion of taste and the like is realized, and the increase of the egg yield is realized through stocking. According to the invention, the culture base plate is laid in the culture process, so that on one hand, the environment of the heat-preservation brooding room can be improved, the peculiar smell is reduced, and on the other hand, the collection and utilization of chicken manure can be realized; the growth of the black-bone chickens is promoted and the nutrition is supplemented through the preparation of the feed in different periods, so that the economic benefit of the black-bone chicken breeding is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for breeding high-yield black-bone chickens according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a microbial mat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a pre-culture feed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for preparing a herbal supplement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for recycling the microbial mats in the insulated brooding chambers according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a route chart of a new high-yield breeder line of Taishan black-bone chicken provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of parental selection according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the master selection process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding high-yield black-bone chickens, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for breeding high-yield black-bone chickens provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, selecting a black-bone chicken breeder cock which accords with the black-bone chicken breed characteristics and has stable heredity as a first male parent; introducing egg type recessive white feather hen and black feather black bone green shell egg cock as male parents, and hybridizing;

s102, selecting and reserving 40-week-old hybrid F1 generation hens which accord with the black-bone chicken variety characteristics and have high egg laying performance as female parents, and carrying out F1 generation performance measurement;

s103, selecting a black-bone chicken cock and an F1 hen generation to perform a hybridization test; selecting and reserving a hybrid F2 generation which is consistent with the variety characteristics of the black-bone chickens and has higher egg laying performance at 40 weeks as breeding chickens, and performing performance measurement on the F2 generation;

s104, after transverse crossing and fixing of the F2 generation, selecting black-bone chicken breeds which accord with the characteristics of the black-bone chicken breeds, are 1 day old, 30-40g in quality, good in health condition and uniform in feather color and have no incomplete body of body limbs, and brooding;

s105, selecting a heat-preservation brooding room to breed black-bone chickens at the early stage, paving a microbial base plate in the heat-preservation brooding room to treat excrement, setting the temperature of the heat-preservation brooding room to be 33-35 ℃ in the 1 st week, 30-33 ℃ in the 2 nd week, 27-29 ℃ in the 3 rd week, 24-26 ℃ in the 4 th week, 20-23 ℃ in the 5 th week, and the humidity to be 55-60%, wherein the ratio of the number of black-bone chickens per m to the number of black-bone chickens per day is 20³The chicken is placed in a heat-preservation brooding room for cultivation according to the cultivation density;

s106, weighing 8-11 parts of soybean meal, 7-9 parts of corn flour, 4-5 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of crude protein, 2-4 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-4 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine additive and 1-2 parts of peanut cake according to parts by mass;

s107, preparing traditional Chinese medicine additives by using astragalus, honeysuckle, cassia seeds, mulberry leaves, liquorice and schizonepeta spike; mixing corn flour, fish meal and crude protein to obtain a mixture;

s108, crushing and grinding the peanut cake, and dissolving the peanut cake in water to obtain peanut slurry; sieving soybean meal and cottonseed meal, adding into the peanut pulp, adding the mixture and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, and uniformly stirring to obtain pasty early-stage culture feed;

s109, breeding the young chickens by using the early-stage feed, wherein the breeding time is 5-6 weeks; putting the black-bone chickens which are bred in the early stage into a passion fruit forest for stocking, wherein the temperature of a stocking area is 18-32 ℃, and driving the black-bone chickens into a chicken house for temporary breeding when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃;

s110, taking out the microbial base plate in the heat-preservation brooding room for recycling: taking out the massive microorganism backing plate in the heat-preservation brooding room, and directly placing the massive microorganism backing plate in a crusher for crushing to obtain a backing plate material; adding a zymophyte agent into the padding material to ferment the padding material to obtain a fermentation mixture;

s111, taking the fermented mixture as an earthworm breeding material for earthworm breeding; taking the fermented mixture carrying the earthworms as a fertilizer to carry out field fertilization; cleaning, disinfecting and ventilating the heat-preservation brooding room for the next batch of cultivation;

s112, mixing 5-7 parts of earthworms, 1-3 parts of honeysuckle extracts, 14-19 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of edible salt, 8-11 parts of rice, 3-6 parts of fishbone powder and 1-2 parts of trace elements in parts by mass, and preparing the free-range chicken feed; and (4) using the free-range chicken feed to carry out the later free-range breeding of the black-bone chickens, and collecting eggs of the black-bone chickens.

In step S101 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for selecting the parent system includes: the method mainly selects the characteristics of body appearance, growth speed and mating reproductive capacity, the selection method mainly adopts individual selection and combines the family selection reproductive performance, and the cock is selected according to the sibling score; the selection method of the mother line comprises the following steps: besides selecting body type and appearance, egg laying performance is selected mainly, and then fertilization rate and early growth speed are coordinately developed; the hens are selected according to the family and the individual scores.

The method for selecting the father system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

In step S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the performance measurement content includes:

(6) and (3) measuring the production performance:

3) slaughter determination: 180 days old and 300 days old;

4) meat quality determination: 120 days old and 300 days old;

5) and (3) egg quality determination: the age of 300 days;

6) egg yield statistics: beginning to produce for-500 days old;

In step S105 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the microbial mat comprises, by mass, 8-16 parts of rice chaff, 7-10 parts of sawdust, 5-6 parts of straw, 4-6 parts of chaff, 6-8 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of waste fungus bags, 2-3 parts of yeast, 1-2 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus, and 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis.

As shown in fig. 2, a method for manufacturing a microbial mat according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

s201, crushing the waste fungus bags to obtain fungus residues, mixing the fungus residues, rice chaff, sawdust, rice husk and wheat bran, and sieving to obtain a mixture;

s202, placing corn straws and wheat straws in a pulverizer to be pulverized to obtain straw fragments;

s203, mixing the yeast, pediococcus pentosaceus and bacillus subtilis to obtain a compound bacterial liquid;

s204, mixing the mixture with straw scraps, adding the compound bacterial liquid, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain the microbial padding;

s205, placing the microbial padding into a mold, and drying and shaping to obtain the microbial padding plate.

As shown in fig. 3, in step S106, the method for preparing the pre-culture feed according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s301, preparing traditional Chinese medicine additives by using astragalus membranaceus, honeysuckle, cassia seeds, mulberry leaves, liquorice and schizonepeta spike;

s302, mixing corn flour, fish meal and crude protein to obtain a mixture;

s303, crushing and grinding the peanut cake, and dissolving the peanut cake in water to obtain peanut slurry;

s304, screening the soybean meal and the cottonseed meal, adding the screened soybean meal and the screened cottonseed meal into the peanut pulp, adding the mixture and the traditional Chinese medicine additives, and uniformly stirring to obtain the pasty feed.

As shown in fig. 4, in step S301, the method for preparing the herbal additive according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s401, drying and grinding schizonepeta spike in a drying box to obtain schizonepeta spike powder;

s402, soaking schizonepeta spike powder, astragalus membranaceus, liquorice and semen cassiae in water for 8-10 hours, decocting the powder and the soaking solution, and filtering to obtain a decoction;

s403, pulping the honeysuckle and the mulberry leaves in a pulping machine to obtain mixed pulp;

s404, adding the decoction and the mixed slurry into a decompression concentrator, decompressing and concentrating, drying and crushing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive.

In step S107 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for breeding the young chicken are as follows: the temperature of the heat-preservation brooding room is set to be 31-33 ℃, and the humidity is set to be 55-60%.

In step S107 provided by the embodiment of the invention, early-stage feed is used for raising the young chickens for 16-22 weeks.

As shown in fig. 5, in step S108, the method for removing the microbial mat from the incubation brooding chamber for recycling includes:

s501, taking out the massive microorganism backing plate in the heat-preservation brooding room, and directly placing the massive microorganism backing plate in a crusher for crushing to obtain a backing plate material;

s502, adding a zymophyte agent into the padding material to ferment the padding material to obtain a fermentation mixture;

s503, using the fermented mixture as an earthworm breeding material for earthworm breeding;

s504, taking the fermented mixture carrying the earthworms as a fertilizer to carry out field fertilization.

In step S502 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation inoculum is a mixture of bacillus subtilis and pediococcus pentosaceus.

In step S108 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the sterilization method includes: povidone iodine is used as a disinfectant for disinfection and fumigation of the disinfected heat-preservation brooding chamber.

The disinfection method using povidone iodine as a disinfectant provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: sterilizing the body of the heat-preservation brooding room and the ventilation opening of the greenhouse.

In step S109 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the trace elements include: copper, iron, zinc, selenium, molybdenum and manganese.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example (b): breeding and application of high-yield strain of Puan Maoshan black-bone chicken

The method comprehensively implements Commission-saving and government-saving decisions about deeply propelling rural industrial revolution, leads the green-shell layer chicken industry to accelerate structure adjustment and transformation upgrading, promotes the accelerated conversion of new and old capacity, promotes the comprehensive competitiveness of the industry, and helps promote rural joy and poverty elimination. The embodiment is formulated as follows:

first, work content

Breeding and application of high-yield strain of Puan Maoshan black-bone chicken

Secondly, the main technical difficulties and problems solved by the work

The project develops research aiming at the current situation that the reproductive performance of the black-bone chicken in the ox horn mountain is lower, adopts a mode of introducing recessive white and green-shell egg black feather black-bone chicken blood sources to carry out ternary hybridization, improves the egg laying performance of the black-bone chicken in the ox horn mountain, gradually forms a high-yield new strain through cross fixation and breeding improvement, reduces the seed production cost of the black-bone chicken in the ox horn mountain and improves the breeding benefit.

Third, the main research content of the work

1. Selecting a black-bone chicken cock with a cow horn. Selecting a bull horn mountain black-bone chicken breed cock which accords with the breed characteristics of the bull horn mountain black-bone chicken and has stable heredity as a first male parent;

2. egg type recessive white feather and black feather black bone green shell egg cock are introduced as male parents to be hybridized, and black hybrid F1 generation hen with high egg laying performance at 40 weeks age is selected as female parent. And performing correlation performance measurement of F1 generation.

3. And selecting the Taishan black-bone chicken cock and the F1 hen to perform a hybridization test. The black hybrid F2 generation with higher egg laying performance at 40 weeks is selected and kept as the breeding hens. And performing correlation performance measurement of F2 generation.

4. F2 generation transverse fixation.

5. Breeding a new high-yield strain of the Wujiao mountain silky fowl. And performing related performance measurement.

Fourthly, project implementation place and scale

The implementation place is as follows: guizhou province Jinhe poultry industry Co Ltd breeding farm

Feeding scale: 3000 groups of breeding hens of the Wujiashan black-bone chicken are fed.

Fifth, the assessment indexes of the project

1. 1000 core groups of new high-yield strain (group) of the Wugu pheasant are established, and 60 families are established;

2. the annual egg yield of the commercial generation high-yield new strain laying hens under the cage culture condition is over 160, which is improved by over 10 percent compared with the ox horn mountain black-bone chicken (stock).

3. The 5000 feathers of the commercial chicken seedlings of the new high-yield strain (F1 generation) of the black-bone chicken of the cow horn mountain are popularized.

Sixthly, item implementing unit and participant list

Item implementation unit: guizhou Jinhe poultry Co Ltd

Project responsible person: the Dengxian company legal persons are responsible for project management, coordination and implementation work

The participants: participating project determination and management work

The secondary researchers in Tang-Shengao are responsible for project design

The Lihong eosin secondary investigator is responsible for guidance of relevant determination of projects and data collection and analysis.

Seventh, project scheduling

The 4-month project preparation in 2010.

The test was conducted between 5 months 2010 and 12 months 2010, and the assay was analyzed.

Measuring the production performance from 1 month in 2021 to 12 months in 2021, and popularizing and applying.

2022 + 2025 years, carrying out transverse crossing fixation and strain cultivation of F3 generation to cultivate the new strain of the black-bone chicken of the cow horn mountain.

Eight, technical route map

A route chart of the breeding technology of the new high-yield strain of the Wugu Taishan chicken is shown in FIG. 6.

1. And (3) male parent selection: the characteristics of body appearance, growth speed, mating reproductive capacity and the like are selected mainly. The selection method mainly selects individuals and combines families to select reproductive performance. The parent selection process is shown in FIG. 7.

2. Selecting a mother line: in addition to selecting the physical appearance, the egg laying performance is selected mainly, and then the fertilization rate and the early growth speed are coordinated and developed. The hens are selected according to the family and the individual scores, and the cocks are selected according to the sibling scores. The parent selection process is shown in FIG. 8.

(II) selecting time and index

1. The first stage is as follows: after the hatchlings are identified, young chicks which have obvious development, lively and good health condition are selected and retained. The shank color, the feather color and the feather speed are mainly selected.

2. The second stage is carried out at the age of 60 days, and the cock mainly selects cock with large body weight, full-black cockscomb, normal keel development (without bending deformation), no disease in chicken legs and no bending of toes as quasising cock, and eliminates the cock with defective appearance, such as sternum, bent legs or beaks, downward hanging of crop, cyst in chest and bent sternum. The cock is mainly selected from constitutions, body weights, tail feathers, feather colors, shank colors, crown shapes and crown sizes, and the cock with too light body weights and sex identification errors is also eliminated. The selecting and remaining proportion of the male and the female is 1: 5.

3. and a third stage: and selecting the cocks with the weight meeting the strain standard from the cock group for standard breeding, wherein the weight of the cocks is within the standard deviation average range of the average weight of the whole group. Selecting and remaining cockscomb with large development of meat beard, full-black color, good feather growth, good body size development, soft abdomen, sexual reaction during massage, and detecting mainly by selecting constitution, grouping and caging, and pullorum disease. The method mainly comprises the steps of constitution selection, group grouping, cage feeding and pullorum disease detection. The selecting and reserving ratio of the male and female is 1: 10.

4. fourth stage breeding (breeding chicken farm mainly for artificial insemination): 150 days old. The semen is selected and retained according to semen quality and body weight. Generally, the conditioned reflex can be formed by massaging and collecting the essence of the new cock for about 7 days. The selected and retained proportion of the male and female can reach 1: 20-1: 30: at 150 days old, the massage semen collection reaction of the cock is about 90% excellent and good, about 10% is the cock with poor reaction, little or no semen discharge, and the supplementary training of the cock is continued.

5. And a fifth stage of selection: the detection is carried out at 300 days of age, and the egg yield, the weight and the leukemia detection are mainly selected to meet the national standard. And (5) performing construction, and recording the reproductive performance.

(III) selection of the main Properties

1. Feather color: the character of the preferential breeding is black feather. The individual selection can play a larger role, namely, pure black feather is selected from the phenotype, a locked population breeding method is adopted, homogeneous matching is carried out, and the consistency of the hair color of the population is improved after several generations.

2. And (3) body type characters: the body types of the broilers are generally large, medium and small, wherein the economic value of the large high-quality black feather broilers is high, and the body types of the broilers are selected according to different varieties and different consumption habits. Regardless of the body type, it is required to have a small head, a short neck, a wide chest, a short shank, a thin shank and a full body. For the length, thickness and color of the shin, the selection method is to select the individual with proper weight, and then select the individual with short, thin and black shin, wherein the selection standard for the length of the shin of the cock is properly lowered to ensure that the cock has enough weight, and the hen increases the selection pressure to select the individual with short and thin shin as much as possible, and the corresponding reduction of the weight is allowed because the weight of the hen has relatively small influence on the offspring. Except for the size of the body and the length, thickness and color of the shin, individuals with moderate oblique body length, short tail and smooth and bright hair are selected and kept in the generation, and accordingly, the individuals with too narrow and too long body, too wing tail and fluffy feather are eliminated.

3. Meat quality character: the meat quality is mainly determined by the variety, the chicken with thin muscle fiber and small muscle bundle is taken as the best, the medium-speed and slow large variety can meet the requirements, after being raised for 180-year-old chicken for 300 days, the chicken has thin skin and thin bone, soft and glutinous muscles, and uniform fat distribution between subcutaneous tissues and muscles, and is suitable for stewing and boiling.

4. Growth rate and feed conversion ratio: the growth speed of chickens with soft and glutinous meat and strong chicken taste is low, the feed conversion rate is low, in order to meet the requirement of commodity production, the growth performance of high-quality broiler chickens needs to be properly bred, and the effects of increasing the weight gain speed and the feed reward are achieved under the condition of no obvious development and meat quality influence. Mainly adopts individual selection, selects chicks with big heads and thick necks, round abdomens and flat umbilicus, healthy and strong chicks, and picks out weak and small individuals, generally 10 percent. Selecting male and female chicken at 30, 60 and 90 days for three times. The hen is selected from individuals with moderate weight, good health and development, good body type and compact hair, and the selected number is 60-70% of the number of chicks. The cock is selected from the individuals with good development, good body and appearance, firm skeleton, strong shank, red and large crown, bright eyes, high head and weight more than one standard deviation on the average, and the selected remaining number is 20 percent of the number of chicks.

5. Selection of reproductive performance: the characteristics such as laying rate, fertility rate, hatchability, survival rate and the like are considered at the same time, and the growth speed, body form feather color and the like of each family are considered, so that evaluation can be carried out by using comprehensive indexes for each generation through a family selection method, then selection and elimination are determined, and selected families form a core group to carry out the breeding of the next generation.

6. Production performance measurement table:

2) body size measurement: open production ruler (5 months old), 12 months old, 300 days old, 500 days old;

3) slaughter determination: 180 days old and 300 days old;

4) meat quality determination: 120 days old and 300 days old;

5) and (3) egg quality determination: the age of 300 days;

6) egg yield statistics: beginning to produce for-500 days old;

(IV) description of measurement: body weight and material consumption measurements 60

1. The body weight determination time is as follows: taking out the shell, and measuring for 28 days every 7 days; measurements were taken every 15 days thereafter up to 150 days of age, 300 and 500 days of age.

2. Body size measurement: open production ruler (5 months old), 12 months old, 300 days old, 500 days old.

3. Slaughter determination: 120 days old and 300 days old.

4. Meat quality determination: the age of 120 days, the age of 300 days,

5. and (3) egg quality determination: 300 days old.

6. Egg yield statistics: the birth time is 500 days.

7. Measuring the material consumption: weighing every day when feeding, weighing the rest materials at night, calculating the feed intake of each day, and measuring the feed intake from the time of shelling to the time of 150 days old.

8. Nesting determination: record more than 100, as long as the ox horn mountain black-bone chicken. The time record from the beginning to the end of nesting.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. The cultivation method of the high-yield black-bone chicken is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The method for breeding high-yield black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the paternal line is selected by: the method mainly selects the characteristics of body appearance, growth speed and mating reproductive capacity, the selection method mainly adopts individual selection and combines the family selection reproductive performance, and the cock is selected according to the sibling score;

3. The method for breeding a high-yield black-bone chicken according to claim 2, wherein the paternal line selection method comprises:

and a third stage: selecting and reserving a cock with the weight meeting the strain standard and within the standardized deviation average range of the average weight of the whole group from the cock group for standard planting at the age of 120 days; selecting and remaining cockscomb with large development of meat beard, full-black color, good feather growth, good body size development, soft abdomen and sexual reaction during massage, wherein the positive rate of the detection of constitution, group feeding and pullorum disease mainly meets the national standard; the selecting and reserving ratio of the male and female is 1: 10;

4. The method for breeding high-yield black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the performance measurement comprises:

(6) and (3) measuring the production performance:

3) slaughter determination: 180 days old and 300 days old;

4) meat quality determination: 120 days old and 300 days old;

5) and (3) egg quality determination: the age of 300 days;

6) egg yield statistics: beginning to produce for-500 days old;

5. The method for cultivating a high-yield black-bone chicken as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the microbial mat comprises, by mass, 8-16 parts of rice chaff, 7-10 parts of sawdust, 5-6 parts of straw, 4-6 parts of chaff, 6-8 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of waste fungus bags, 2-3 parts of yeast, 1-2 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus and 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis.

6. The method for cultivating a high-yield black-bone chicken as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the microbial mat comprises the following steps:

7. The method for cultivating a high-yield black-bone chicken as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step six, the method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises:

8. The method for breeding a high-yield black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in the step ten, the fermentation inoculum is a mixture of bacillus subtilis and pediococcus pentosaceus.

9. The method for cultivating a high-yield black-bone chicken as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the eleventh step, the sterilization method comprises: the povidone iodine is used as a disinfectant to disinfect the body of the heat-preservation brooding chamber and the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, and the disinfected heat-preservation brooding chamber is fumigated.

10. The method for breeding a high-yield black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in the twelfth step, the trace elements comprise: copper, iron, zinc, selenium, molybdenum and manganese.