CN110235850A - A kind of Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method - Google Patents

A kind of Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method Download PDF

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CN110235850A
CN110235850A CN201910451900.0A CN201910451900A CN110235850A CN 110235850 A CN110235850 A CN 110235850A CN 201910451900 A CN201910451900 A CN 201910451900A CN 110235850 A CN110235850 A CN 110235850A
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ram
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yihe
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CN110235850B (en
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杨燕
吕慎金
李馥霞
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Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to animal Cultivating techniques fields, a kind of especially Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method, by being female parent with Yimeng black goat, introduce boer goat, river south black goat, the simple big ear black goat in state, Yuezhi County's black goat is as male parent, hybridization, hybrid generation is obtained respectively, again by hybrid generation traversed by, the resulting ram of traversed by is as male parent, Yimeng black goat ewe is female parent, hybridization, basic ram group and basis female flock of sheep are established respectively, basic ram group and basis female flock of sheep traversed by, again by the happy F1 generation of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter of the individual grading up of each traversed by, obtain five yuan of hybrid individuals, traversed by is fixed, squamous subculture, again using the ram after squamous subculture three generations as male parent, Yimeng black goat ewe is as terminal female parent, it cultivates adaptable, hair color is excellent, physique is big, reproductive capacity is high, the Yimeng of lamb high survival rate is black Goats hair system strain improves the economic benefit of Yimeng black goat culturist, promotes the fast development of Yimeng black goat aquaculture industry.

Description

A kind of Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to animal Cultivating techniques fields, especially a kind of Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method.
Background technique
Yimeng black goat is Shandong Province's Local Excellent kind, and Pingyi specialty is one formed under the natural conditions of mountain area Meat, suede, hair, skin multi-purpose type kind belong to suede, hair, meat dual-purpose type sheep;Crude feed big with physique, resistance to, adaptable, production performance The features such as high, figure and features unification, heritability stabilization, meat suede dual-purpose, suitable mountain area is herded.
Yimeng black goat meat, it is full of nutrition, contain protein 13.3%, fat 4.6%, heat 367 blocks;Meat softness is easy to Digestion, general health people can digest 90% or more crude protein in mutton, 98% or more fat.Chevon is delicate, and color is red uniformly, has a strong smell Taste is small, and taste is fragrant when eating and oiliness mouth.It is fatty 2 times more than beef, heat is more than beef more than 1 times, and calcium content is more than beef 50% and pork it is similar, containing irony more than beef more than 1 times, 4 times more than pork, cholesterol level is low.Rich in lot of trace member Element is the good merchantable brand in meat.
Existing Yimeng black goat quantity is few, and tracing it to its cause is: the Yimeng black goat speed of growth is slow, and lambing percentage is low, and one A year tire, most two tires, every tire only have one substantially.From the nineties, Yimeng black goat starts largely to hybridize, for example, by using Yimeng Black goat hybridizes with husky energy milk Aries, can be improved its farrowing rate, so that 1 year two tire, every tire reaches 2-3 only, and survival rate It is higher;Hybridize again for example, by using Yimeng black goat with boer goat, so that the offspring's ratio obtained hybridizes gained with husky energy milk Aries The head of offspring is larger, and meat is more excellent.
But the hair system of the Yimeng black goat kind by hybridization cultivation is still poor, so that suede, hair, meat dual-purpose type That there is only breeding potentials is still low for Yimeng black goat, and survival rate is poor, and the hair color of resulting offspring is poor, causes Yimeng Black goathair performance weakens year by year, and hair quality, Wool yield are poor.Yimeng black goat is caused to cultivate kind still undesirable.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cultivation of Yimeng black goat hair system Method.
It is achieved particular by following technical scheme:
Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method, is maternal breeding material with Yimeng black goat, and introducing boer goat, river south are black Goat, the big ear black goat in simple state, Yuezhi County's black goat, are educated using BLUP method, molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology and in conjunction with conventional Kind method, cultivates Yimeng black goat strain, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) according to optimal linear unbiased prediction BLUP, to Yimeng black goat, boer goat, river south black goat, the big ear in simple state Black goat, Yuezhi County's black goat are identified and are assessed, select outstanding Yimeng black goat ewe, boer goat ewe and ram, Nubia goat ewe and ram, river south black goat ewe and ram, the big ear black goat ewe in simple state and ram, Sa energy milch goat Ewe and ram, Yuezhi County black goat ewe and ram, set up breeding group respectively;
(2) using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and boer goat ram as male parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F1 generation; Outstanding Yihe River wave F1 generation ram is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;
Using Yihe River wave F1 generation ram as male parent and boer goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F2 generation;It selects and remain excellent Elegant Yihe River wave F2 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;
Using Yihe River wave F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F3 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River wave F3 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Outstanding Yihe River wave F3 godmother sheep is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;
(3) using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and river south black goat ram as male parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F1 Generation;Outstanding Yihe River river F1 generation ram is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;
Using Yihe River river F1 generation ram as male parent and river south black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F2 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River river F2 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;
Using Yihe River river F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F3 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River river F3 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Outstanding Yihe River river F3 godmother sheep is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;
(4) using Yimeng black goat ewe as the maternal and simple big ear black goat ram in state as male parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F1 generation;Outstanding Yihe River letter F1 generation ram is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;
Using Yihe River letter F1 generation ram as male parent and the simple big ear black goat ewe in state as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F2 generation; Outstanding Yihe River letter F2 is selected and remain for ram, establishes first-filial generation basis ram group;
Using Yihe River letter F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F3 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River letter F3 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Outstanding Yihe River letter F3 godmother sheep is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;
(5) using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and Yuezhi County's black goat ram as male parent, hybridization obtains the happy F1 in the Yihe River Generation;The happy F1 generation ram in the outstanding Yihe River is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;
Using the happy F1 generation ram in the Yihe River as male parent and Yuezhi County's black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains the Yihe River happy F2 generation;It selects and remain The happy F2 in the outstanding Yihe River establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;
Using the happy F2 in the Yihe River for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains the Yihe River happy F3 generation;It selects and remain The happy F3 in the outstanding Yihe River establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;The happy F3 godmother sheep in the outstanding Yihe River is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;
Above step (2), (4), the basic ram group in (5), in basis female flock of sheep establishment process, is all made of routine at (3) Selection combines the screening of BLUP method to establish.
(6) by the Yihe River wave F3 generation in basic ram group with basis female flock of sheep traversed by, the Yihe River river F3 generation in basic ram group and Basis female flock of sheep traversed by, the basic ram group in Yihe River letter F3 generation and basis female flock of sheep traversed by, the basic ram group in the happy F3 generation of the Yihe River With basis female flock of sheep traversed by;It is horizontal for traversed by hybrid generation, Yihe River letter F3 generation for traversed by hybrid generation, Yihe River river F3 to respectively obtain Yihe River wave F3 Hand over hybrid generation, the happy F3 in the Yihe River for traversed by hybrid generation;
(7) using Yihe River wave F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ram as male parent and Yihe River river F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ewe as female This, hybridization obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation;
Using Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation ram as male parent and Yihe River letter F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ewe as maternal, hybridize, obtain Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation;
Using Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation ram as male parent and the happy F3 in the Yihe River for traversed by hybrid generation ewe as maternal, hybridize, obtain To the happy F1 generation of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter;
(8) by the happy F1 generation traversed by of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter, traversed by filial generation is obtained;Using molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology, to Yihe River wave Ram and ewe in the happy F1 generation traversed by filial generation of river letter detect referring to gene genetic variability in the prior art, such as the patent No. For the detection of FSH β gene genetic variability described in 201610113485.4, the FSH β gene mesh containing prolificacy is screened The traversed by offspring individual of genotype is marked, traversed by is fixed, squamous subculture, then using the ram after squamous subculture three generations as male parent and the Yihe River It covers black goat ewe and uses molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology as maternal, hybridization, then by hybrid generation, to Yihe River Bo Chuan letter Ram and ewe in happy F1 generation traversed by filial generation detect referring to gene genetic variability in the prior art, and screening contains high breeding The hybrid generation individual of the FSH β gene target genotype of power, traversed by are fixed, and are obtained Yimeng black goat hair system and are cultivated system.
In order to reduce the loss of genetic resources, the genetic resources and reservation Yimeng black goat itself of the introducing that adequately protects Genetic resources, ensure that breeding resources are abundant, reduce breeding cost, improve breeding quality, the operation in above-mentioned each step It can also operate in the following manner:
The step (2), Yihe River wave F1 generation traversed by, obtains a traversed by generation;Using traversed by generation ram as male parent, with bohr mountain Sheep ewe obtains Yihe River wave F2 generation as female parent, hybridization;Using Yihe River wave F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as mother This, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F3 generation.And/or the step (3), Yihe River river F2 obtains a traversed by generation for traversed by, with a traversed by generation Ram is as male parent, and with Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F3 generation.And/or the step (4), the Yihe River Simple F1 generation traversed by, obtains a traversed by generation, is returned using traversed by generation ram as male parent with the simple big ear black goat ewe in state as female parent It hands over, obtains first backcross generation;Using first backcross generation ram as male parent with Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F3 generation.And/or the step (7), Yihe River wave F3 is hybridized as female parent with Yihe River river F3 for traversed by for traversed by hybrid generation ewe Filial generation ram obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation as male parent, hybridization;Using Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation ewe as maternal miscellaneous for traversed by with Yihe River letter F3 For jiao zi for ram as male parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation;Using Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation ewe as the maternal and Yihe River happy F3 generation Traversed by hybrid generation ram obtains the happy F1 generation of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter as male parent, hybridization.Take full advantage of hybridization, traversed by, backcrossing waited Journey outstanding filial generation obtained, reduces the waste rate of breeding resources, ensures the rich of breeding resources.
What hybridization, traversed by, backcrossing were all made of in the invention is artificial insemination.
Optimal linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is current main breeding stock Genetic Evaluation method, with estimated value is unbiased, estimates Evaluation variance is minimum, can eliminate because of the characteristics such as deviation caused by the reasons such as selecting and eliminating, and the breeding value of acquisition is with best line Property is unbiased.
Molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology is from molecular level by hereditary group of rapidly and accurately molecular entities At, so that realization directly selects genotype, it is modern molecular biology new technology in molecular breeding.
It will be closed for all characters to be improved of Yimeng black goat according to its genetic force and economic effect in the invention And generally refer to count at one, then this index is selected as an individual event, index is high to reserve seed for planting, and index is low to be washed in a pan It eliminates, which is referred to as multiple selection index method.
Compared with prior art, the technical effect of the invention is embodied in:
By being maternal breeding material with Yimeng black goat, boer goat, river south black goat, the simple state Black Hills great Er are introduced Sheep, Yuezhi County's black goat first hybridize with Yimeng black goat as male parent, respectively after acquisition hybrid generation, then by hybrid generation traversed by, Again using the resulting ram of hybrid generation traversed by as male parent, using Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, basis is established in hybridization respectively The basic ram respectively obtained group and basis female flock of sheep are carried out traversed by and fixed by ram group and basis female flock of sheep, then by each cross It hands over fixed individual to carry out the happy F1 generation of grading up Yihe River Bo Chuan letter, obtains five yuan of hybrid individuals, then five yuan of hybrid individuals are passed through Traversed by is fixed, and is selected using molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology, and the excellent traversed by individual of heritability is obtained, then With traversed by individual squamous subculture, then it is female as terminal with Yimeng black goat ewe using the ram after squamous subculture three generations as male parent This, has cultivated that adaptable, hair color is excellent, physique is big, reproductive capacity is high, and the Yimeng black goat hair system of lamb high survival rate Strain improves the economic benefit of Yimeng black goat culturist, promotes the fast development of Yimeng black goat aquaculture industry.
The individual of the invention, which carries out grading mode, to be handled using each traversed by group individual, such as above-mentioned technology Mode described in step (7) in scheme;Without sequencing between individual for above-mentioned each traversed by group.In the invention The river south black goat used is Zi Gong type.
Specific embodiment
It is limited below with reference to specific embodiment technical solution of the present invention is further, but claimed Range is not only limited to made description.
Test example:
1, sheep selection standard is planted:
Yimeng black goat: it is completely black that big physique, resistance to crude feed, hair are chosen;
Boer goat: choose that constitution is solid, hair is completely black, head is of moderate size, strong-limbed, tail is short and small upwarps;
River south black goat: choosing Zi Gong type, hair color black, rich in gloss, have delicate looks, the micro- grand, ear of the bridge of the nose is perpendicular, back waist is flat Directly, rib cage is opened a business, four limbs are sturdy, posture is magnificent, structure is well-balanced, Meat Performance is obvious, weight is in 28kg or more;
The simple big ear black goat in state: hair color black, rich in gloss, head median size, neck are short and small, back waist is straight, physique is medium, Four limbs are sturdy, well-balanced, posture is magnificent, weight is in 30kg or more;
Yuezhi County's black goat: hair color black is glossy, head median size, ear median size, back waist it is wide it is flat, physique is medium, four Limb is sturdy, posture is magnificent, weight is in 30kg or more.
2, in hybridization and each generation, select and remain standard
2.1 using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and boer goat ram as male parent, and hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F1 generation; Outstanding Yihe River wave F1 generation ram is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;Select and remain standard: physique is tall and big, body structure is well-balanced, Back waist is straight, the wide depth of chest, the perfectly round compact, rear-guard of abdomen develops plentiful, the sturdy solid, fleshiness of four limbs, birth weight is greater than 2.8kg, 6 monthly ages are great in 39kg, and eye muscle area 14-16cm, back-fat thickness is less than 0.3cm;
Using Yihe River wave F1 generation ram as male parent and boer goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F2 generation;It selects and remain excellent Elegant Yihe River wave F2 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Select and remain standard: physique is tall and big, body structure is well-balanced, back waist is flat Directly, the perfectly round compact, rear-guard of the wide depth of chest, abdomen develops plentiful, the sturdy solid, fleshiness of four limbs, birth weight is greater than 3.5kg, and 6 Monthly age is great in 45kg, and eye muscle area 13-15cm, back-fat thickness is less than 0.5cm;
Using Yihe River wave F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F3 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River wave F3 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Outstanding Yihe River wave F3 godmother sheep is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;Ram selects and remain standard: physique is tall and big, body structure is well-balanced, waist is straight for back, the wide depth of chest, abdomen it is perfectly round it is compact, Rear-guard develops plentiful, the sturdy solid, fleshiness of four limbs, birth weight is greater than 3.8kg, and 6 monthly ages are great in 48kg, eye muscle area 13-16cm, back-fat thickness are less than 0.5cm;Ewe selects and remain standard: physique is tall and big, body structure is well-balanced, back waist is straight, chest is wide Deep, the perfectly round compact, rear-guard of abdomen is developed plentiful, the sturdy solid, fleshiness of four limbs, breast base portion broadness, lambing percentage and is greater than 195%, birth weight is greater than 4.0kg, and 6 monthly ages are great in 42kg, and eye muscle area 13-15cm, back-fat thickness is less than 0.4cm;
2.2 using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and river south black goat ram as male parent, and hybridization obtains Yihe River river F1 Generation;Outstanding Yihe River river F1 generation ram is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;Select and remain standard: hair color black, have delicate looks, Carry on the back that waist is straight, rib cage is opened a business, chest breadth is compared with deep, four limbs are sturdy, hard hooves, body are well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 2.8kg, 6 monthly ages weight Greater than 20kg, the high 48-50cm of body, body long 50-60cm, bust 60cm or more.
Using Yihe River river F1 generation ram as male parent and river south black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F2 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River river F2 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Outstanding Yihe River river F1 generation ram is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basic ram group;Select and remain standard: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back straight waist, rib cage the first transaction of a day's business, chest breadth compared with deep, four limbs are sturdy, hoof Matter is solid, body is well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 2.7kg, and 6 monthly ages are great in 28kg, the high 49-53cm of body, the long 50-60cm of body, bust 62cm or more.
Using Yihe River river F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F3 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River river F3 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Outstanding Yihe River river F3 godmother sheep is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;Ram selects and remain standard: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back straight waist, rib cage the first transaction of a day's business, chest breadth compared with deep, four limbs are thick Strong, hard hooves, body are well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 3.3kg, and 6 monthly ages are great in 24kg, the high 52-53cm of body, the long 55-61cm of body, Bust 64cm or more.Ewe selects and remain standard: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back straight waist, rib cage the first transaction of a day's business, chest breadth compared with deep, four limbs are thick It is short, breast is well-balanced, birth weight 2.4kg, six-month-old is great in 20kg, the high 45-48cm of body, body long 53-55cm, bust 58cm with On, more than primiparity twin lamb(s) and milking capacity is strong, maternal instinct is good, without dead lamb.
2.3 using Yimeng black goat ewe as the maternal and simple big ear black goat ram in state as male parent, and hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F1 generation;Outstanding Yihe River letter F1 generation ram is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;Select and remain standard: physique is tall and big, body structure It is well-balanced, waist is straight for back, the wide depth of chest, the perfectly round compact, rear-guard of abdomen develop plentiful, the sturdy solid, fleshiness of four limbs, birth weight Greater than 2.8kg, 6 monthly ages are great in 39kg, and eye muscle area 14-16cm, back-fat thickness is less than 0.3cm;
Using Yihe River letter F1 generation ram as male parent and the simple big ear black goat ewe in state as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F2 generation; Outstanding Yihe River letter F2 is selected and remain for ram, establishes first-filial generation basis ram group;Select and remain standard: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back waist Straight, rib cage opens a business, chest breadth is compared with deep, four limbs are sturdy, hard hooves, body are well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 2.7kg, 6 monthly ages it is great in 28kg, the high 49-53cm of body, body long 50-60cm, bust 62cm or more.
Using Yihe River letter F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F3 generation;It selects and remain Outstanding Yihe River letter F3 establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Outstanding Yihe River letter F3 godmother sheep is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;Ram selects and remain standard: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back straight waist, rib cage the first transaction of a day's business, chest breadth compared with deep, four limbs are thick Strong, hard hooves, body are well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 3.3kg, and 6 monthly ages are great in 24kg, the high 52-53cm of body, the long 55-61cm of body, Bust 64cm or more.Ewe selects and remain standard: physique is tall and big, body structure is well-balanced, it is perfectly round tight to carry on the back straight waist, the wide depth of chest, abdomen Gather, plentiful, the sturdy solid, fleshiness of four limbs of rear-guard development, breast base portion are broad, lambing percentage is greater than 200%, birth weight is greater than 4.0kg, 6 monthly ages are great in 42kg, and eye muscle area 13-15cm, back-fat thickness is less than 0.4cm;
2.4 using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and Yuezhi County's black goat ram as male parent, and hybridization obtains the happy F1 in the Yihe River Generation;The happy F1 generation ram in the outstanding Yihe River is selected and remain, first-filial generation basis ram group is established;Select and remain standard: hair color black, have delicate looks, Carry on the back that waist is straight, rib cage is opened a business, chest breadth is compared with deep, four limbs are sturdy, hard hooves, body are well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 2.7kg, 6 monthly ages weight Greater than 28kg, the high 49-53cm of body, body long 50-60cm, bust 62cm or more.
Using the happy F1 generation ram in the Yihe River as male parent and Yuezhi County's black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains the Yihe River happy F2 generation;It selects and remain The happy F2 in the outstanding Yihe River establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;Ram selects and remain standard: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back waist Straight, rib cage opens a business, chest breadth is compared with deep, four limbs are sturdy, hard hooves, body are well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 3.3kg, 6 monthly ages it is great in 24kg, the high 52-53cm of body, body long 55-61cm, bust 64cm or more.
Using the happy F2 in the Yihe River for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains the Yihe River happy F3 generation;It selects and remain The happy F3 in the outstanding Yihe River establishes first-filial generation basis ram group for ram;The happy F3 godmother sheep in the outstanding Yihe River is selected and remain, first-filial generation is established Basis female flock of sheep;Ram selects and remain standard: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back straight waist, rib cage the first transaction of a day's business, chest breadth compared with deep, four limbs are thick Strong, hard hooves, body are well-balanced, birth weight is greater than 3.3kg, and 6 monthly ages are great in 24kg, the high 52-53cm of body, the long 55-61cm of body, Bust 64cm or more.Ewe selects and remain standard: physique is tall and big, body structure is well-balanced, it is perfectly round tight to carry on the back straight waist, the wide depth of chest, abdomen Gather, plentiful, the sturdy solid, fleshiness of four limbs of rear-guard development, breast base portion are broad, lambing percentage is greater than 220%, birth weight is greater than 4.0kg, 6 monthly ages are great in 42kg, and eye muscle area 13-15cm, back-fat thickness is less than 0.4cm;
It is selected and remain in standard above-mentioned, it is ensured that phenotypic information is true and reliable, the pedigree data collected is correctly in complete situation, Establish mixed model, estimated breeding value.
Traversed by is fixed: the basis of basic ram group and basis female flock of sheep traversed by, Yihe River river F3 in Yihe River wave F3 generation is public Flock of sheep and basis female flock of sheep traversed by, the basic ram group in Yihe River letter F3 generation and basis female flock of sheep traversed by, the basis in the happy F3 generation of the Yihe River Ram group and basis female flock of sheep traversed by;Yihe River wave F3 is respectively obtained for traversed by hybrid generation, Yihe River river F3 for traversed by hybrid generation, Yihe River letter F3 is for traversed by hybrid generation, the happy F3 in the Yihe River for traversed by hybrid generation;
Grading up: using Yihe River wave F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ram as male parent and Yihe River river F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ewe As female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation;It is female for traversed by hybrid generation using Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation ram as male parent and Yihe River letter F3 Sheep obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation as female parent, hybridization;Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation ram is hybridized as male parent with the happy F3 in the Yihe River for traversed by Filial generation ewe obtains the happy F1 generation of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter as maternal, hybridization;
3, traversed by is fixed, terminal hybridizes
By the happy F1 generation traversed by of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter, traversed by filial generation is obtained;Using molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology, to Yihe River Bo Chuan Ram and ewe in the happy F1 generation traversed by filial generation of letter detect referring to gene genetic variability in the prior art, such as Patent No. The detection of FSH β gene genetic variability described in 201610113485.4, screens the FSH β gene target containing prolificacy The traversed by offspring individual of genotype, traversed by are fixed, squamous subculture, then using the ram after squamous subculture three generations as male parent and Yimeng Black goat ewe uses molecular marker assisted selection MAS technology as maternal, hybridization, then by hybrid generation, happy to Yihe River Bo Chuan letter Ram and ewe in F1 generation traversed by filial generation detect referring to gene genetic variability in the prior art, and screening contains prolificacy FSH β gene target genotype hybrid generation individual, traversed by fixes, and obtains Yimeng black goat hair system and cultivates system.
Yimeng black goat hair system is cultivated and is tied up in traversed by fixation procedure, it includes appearance traits and life that index is selected and remain in breeding Produce performance, specific breeding standard are as follows: hair color black has delicate looks, carries on the back straight waist, rib cage the first transaction of a day's business, chest breadth compared with deep, four limbs are short Slightly;In 2kg or more, 6 monthly ages weighed to 22kg or more ewe lamb birth weight, and August age weighs to 28kg or more, six-month-old, age in August Dressing percentage reaches 50% or more, and core group averagely produces 1.9 tire of tire per year through producing ewe, is produced ewe lambing percentage and reaches 220%, primiparity Ewe lambing percentage reaches 160% or more, and lamb survival rate reaches 99.8% or more;In 2.2kg, six-month-old weighs public lamb birth weight To 27kg or more, August age weighs to 30kg or more, and six-month-old, age in August dressing percentage reach 53% or more.
In order to verify to the greatest extent the invention breeding processing scheme can bring technical effect, this Researcher cultivates, in 2013 in 2014 in 2015 obtained new lines progress offspring lamb output capacity and survival rate is united Meter, randomly selects 20 ewes every year, and continuous acquisition 2 years;It is exactly to cultivate obtained new lines offspring's ewe lamb to 2013 20, its lamb output capacity and survival rate situation are acquired, in 2014 in 2015;Obtained new lines offspring was cultivated to 2014 Ewe lamb 20 only acquires its lamb output capacity and survival rate situation, in 2015 in 2016;Obtained new product was cultivated to 2015 It is that offspring's ewe lamb 20 only acquires its lamb output capacity and survival rate situation, in 2016 in 2017.
Statistical result is shown in Table 1:
Table 1
Remarks: lambing sheep rate=[lambing sheep sum/(ewe several years)] × 100%.
Survival rate=(lambing sheep lamb survival number/lambing sheep sum after one month) × 100%.
It is shown by the data of table 1 as it can be seen that life can be greatly improved in the Yimeng black goat hair system strain of the invention Performance is produced, improves lambing percentage, and lamb survival rate is higher, adaptability is extremely strong, can reach 99.8% or more.
And by being to carry out squamous subculture to cultivating, its growth and development is fast, and physique is big, and adult ram weight can reach 58kg or more, ewe weight can reach 49kg or more, and meat productivity is high, and hair quality is good, with good meat quality, adaptable.
In addition to this, additionally it is possible to which based on the above technical solution, the step (2), Yihe River wave F1 generation traversed by obtains A traversed by generation;Using traversed by generation ram as male parent, with boer goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F2 generation;By Yihe River wave F2 is used as female parent as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe for ram, and hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F3 generation.And/or the step (3), Yihe River river F2 obtains a traversed by generation for traversed by, using traversed by generation ram as male parent, with Yimeng black goat ewe as female This, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F3 generation.And/or the step (4), Yihe River letter F1 generation traversed by obtain a traversed by generation, with a traversed by generation Ram, as maternal backcrossing, obtains first backcross generation as male parent and the simple big ear black goat ewe in state;Using first backcross generation ram as As female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F3 generation for male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe.And/or the step (7), by Yihe River wave F3 generation Traversed by hybrid generation ewe is used as maternal and Yihe River river F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ram as male parent, and hybridization obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 Generation;It is used as male parent for traversed by hybrid generation ram with Yihe River letter F3 using Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation ewe as maternal, hybridizes, obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan Simple F1 generation;It is used as male parent for traversed by hybrid generation ram with the happy F3 in the Yihe River using Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation ewe as maternal, hybridizes, obtains The happy F1 generation of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter.The outstanding filial generation obtained of the processes such as hybridization, traversed by, backcrossing is taken full advantage of, breeding resources are reduced Waste rate ensures the rich of breeding resources.What hybridization, traversed by, backcrossing were all made of in the invention is artificial insemination.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method, which is characterized in that with Yimeng black goat be maternal breeding material, introduce wave That goat, river south black goat, the big ear black goat in simple state, Yuezhi County's black goat, utilize BLUP method, molecular marker assisted selection MAS skill Art simultaneously combines conventional breeding methods, cultivates Yimeng black goat strain, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) according to optimal linear unbiased prediction BLUP, to Yimeng black goat, boer goat, river south black goat, the simple state Black Hills great Er Sheep, Yuezhi County's black goat are identified and are assessed, and are selected outstanding Yimeng black goat ewe, boer goat ewe and ram, are exerted ratio Sub- goat ewe and ram, river south black goat ewe and ram, the big ear black goat ewe in simple state and ram, Sa energy milch goat ewe With ram, Yuezhi County black goat ewe and ram, breeding group is set up respectively;
(2) using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and boer goat ram as male parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F1 generation;By the Yihe River For wave F1 generation ram as male parent and boer goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F2 generation;Using Yihe River wave F2 for ram as As female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F3 generation for male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe;
(3) using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and river south black goat ram as male parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F1 generation;It will For Yihe River river F1 generation ram as male parent and river south black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F2 generation;By Yihe River river F2 for ram As male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River river F3 generation;
(4) using Yimeng black goat ewe as the maternal and simple big ear black goat ram in state as male parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F1 Generation;Using Yihe River letter F1 generation ram as male parent and the simple big ear black goat ewe in state as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F2 generation;By the Yihe River Simple F2 is used as female parent as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe for ram, and hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F3 generation;
(5) using Yimeng black goat ewe as maternal and Yuezhi County's black goat ram as male parent, hybridization obtains the happy F1 generation in the Yihe River;It will For the happy F1 generation ram in the Yihe River as male parent and Yuezhi County's black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains the Yihe River happy F2 generation;By the happy F2 in the Yihe River for ram As male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains the Yihe River happy F3 generation;
(6) by Yihe River wave F3 for traversed by, Yihe River river F3 for traversed by, Yihe River letter F3 for traversed by, the happy F3 in the Yihe River for traversed by;Respectively obtain Yihe River wave F3 generation Traversed by hybrid generation, Yihe River river F3 are for traversed by hybrid generation, Yihe River letter F3 for traversed by hybrid generation, the happy F3 in the Yihe River for traversed by hybrid generation;
(7) using Yihe River wave F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ram as male parent and Yihe River river F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ewe as maternal, Hybridization, obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation;Using Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation ram as male parent and Yihe River letter F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ewe as female This, hybridization obtains Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation;Using Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation ram as male parent and the happy F3 in the Yihe River for traversed by hybrid generation ewe As female parent, hybridization obtains the happy F1 generation of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter;
(8) by the happy F1 generation traversed by of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter, traversed by filial generation is obtained;Squamous subculture, then using the ram after squamous subculture three generations as Male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe hybridize as female parent, and traversed by is fixed, and obtain Yimeng black goat hair system and cultivate system.
2. Yimeng black goat hair as described in claim 1 system breeding method, which is characterized in that the step (2), Yihe River wave F1 For traversed by, a traversed by generation is obtained;Using traversed by generation ram as male parent, with boer goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F2 generation;Using Yihe River wave F2 for ram as male parent and Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River wave F3 generation.
3. Yimeng black goat hair as described in claim 1 system breeding method, which is characterized in that the step (3), Yihe River river F2 For traversed by, a traversed by generation is obtained, using traversed by generation ram as male parent, with Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization is obtained Yihe River river F3 generation.
4. Yimeng black goat hair as described in claim 1 system breeding method, which is characterized in that the step (4), Yihe River letter F1 For traversed by, a traversed by generation is obtained, is returned, is obtained as female parent with the simple big ear black goat ewe in state using traversed by generation ram as male parent To first backcross generation;Using first backcross generation ram as male parent with Yimeng black goat ewe as female parent, hybridization obtains Yihe River letter F3 generation.
5. Yimeng black goat hair as described in claim 1 system breeding method, which is characterized in that the step (7), by Yihe River wave F3 is used as maternal and Yihe River river F3 for traversed by hybrid generation ram as male parent for traversed by hybrid generation ewe, and hybridization obtains Yihe River wave River F1 generation;It is used as male parent for traversed by hybrid generation ram with Yihe River letter F3 using Yihe River Bo Chuan F1 generation ewe as maternal, hybridizes, obtains the Yihe River Wave river letter F1 generation;It is used as male parent for traversed by hybrid generation ram with the happy F3 in the Yihe River using Yihe River Bo Chuan letter F1 generation ewe as maternal, is hybridized, Obtain the happy F1 generation of Yihe River Bo Chuan letter.
6. the Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, which is characterized in that described is miscellaneous It hands over using artificial insemination.
7. Yimeng black goat hair system breeding method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the traversed by Using artificial insemination.
8. Yimeng black goat hair as claimed in claim 4 system breeding method, which is characterized in that the backcrossing is using people Work insemination.
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