CN105165726A - Method for realizing three-dimensional propagation of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed by means of cuttage plant - Google Patents
Method for realizing three-dimensional propagation of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed by means of cuttage plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165726A CN105165726A CN201510272588.0A CN201510272588A CN105165726A CN 105165726 A CN105165726 A CN 105165726A CN 201510272588 A CN201510272588 A CN 201510272588A CN 105165726 A CN105165726 A CN 105165726A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing three-dimensional propagation of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed by means of a cuttage plant. The method comprises the following steps of 1) cultivating Gynura japonica as a host plant; 2) breeding aphids; 3) breeding the Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed; and 4) collecting mummy aphids for manufacturing an Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed egg aggregate. The method has advantages of short period, small space requirement and easy mummy aphid collection. The method can greatly reduce an Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed propagation cost and can promote large-scale propagation and commercial production of the Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing cuttage plant three-dimensional to expand numerous aphidius gifuensis, be specifically related to the Combination of Methods such as vector plant screening, vector plant cuttage and quick-propagation, the numerous honeybee of module, the collection of stiff aphid.
Background technology
Cigarette aphid [Myzuspersicae (Sulzer)] belongs to Homoptera, Aphidiadae.Have another name called black peach aphid, be commonly called as aphid, aphid.Cigarette aphid is distributed in all over the world, and Ge Yan district, north and south of China generally occurs.Its plasmodium cynomolgi is mixed, and the host plant of the known cigarette aphid of China reaches more than 170 kinds.The host reported in the world reaches 50 section's kinds more than 400, is mainly Solanaceae, Cruciferae, composite family and leguminous plant.This worm inhales plant juice except direct thorn, and cause plant moisture and trophic disturbance and outside atrophy, also propagate multiple virus disease by the approach of thorn suction, causing dark mildew owing to secreting honeydew, is an important pests on tobacco.
The Natural Enemies of cigarette aphid is a lot, and common kind has aphidius gifuensis, coccinella septempunctata, harmonia axyridia, Propylaea japonica, Chinese green lacewing, chrysopa septempunctata, beautiful Chrysopa etc.Aphidius gifuensis is strong with its fecundity, and natural parasitic rate is high, and the generation cycle is short, and strong adaptability is also easy to the merits such as artificial propagation and becomes one of natural enemy insect that in Aphidiidae, value is very high (Zhao Wanyuan, 1980; Xin is also fragrant, and 1986; Fukuietal., 1988; Bi Zhangbao, 1996; ChiandSu, 2006).This honeybee is mainly distributed in China's Mainland, Taiwan, Korea S, Japan grade for east Asia area (ChiandSu, 2006; OhtaandOhtaishi, 2006), comparatively strong to the natural contral power of host aphid, its host range is extensive, can parasitic cigarette aphid, radish aphid, little English grain aphid, soybean aphid, cotten aphid and eggplant be without (Takada, 1976 such as net aphids; Xin is also fragrant, and 1986; Nakata, 1995; Yamamoto, 1997; Ohtaetal., 2001; Takada, 2002; OhtaandOhtaishi, 2004), to the control efficiency especially remarkable (Ren Guangwei etc., 2000) of cigarette aphid.At vega, the parasitic rate of aphidius gifuensis to cigarette aphid is generally 20%-60%, and Gao Zheke reaches 89.16% (Chen Jiahua etc., 1990; He Zhonglin, 1986).In recent years, aphidius gifuensis receives both domestic and external showing great attention to, and it expands numerous obtaining with application and carries out widely, and achieves fabulous control effect in actual applications.In view of the excellent biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion ability of this parasitic wasp, sum up the efficient multiplication technique of screening, a large amount of production natural enemy insect product, is significant for the aphid class pest in prevention and control China vegetables, gardening, agricultural, forestry.
Expanded numerous aphidius gifuensis in the past, and often adopted and first plant tobacco, access aphid again, then access and expand the method for numerous natural enemy.In recent years, see the units such as Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yunan Tobacco Company Yuxi Branch, Qujing City Co., Tobacco Co., Yunnan Prov., Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Dali Branch, Honghezhou Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Yunnan Provine Tobacco Science Inst. and expand numerous relevant patent of invention and utility model patent about aphidius gifuensis.
Above-mentioned unit mainly adopts in small-sized temperature canopy, first plants tobacco, accesses cigarette aphid again, accesses aphidius gifuensis again, and reclaim the multiplication technique route of aphidius gifuensis adult.Such invention is mainly applicable to utilize tobacco in warm canopy, to expand numerous parasitic wasp for vector plant at south China (particularly Yunnan Province).
In the practice of expanding numerous aphidius gifuensis, we find that above-mentioned technology has certain limitation, and main manifestations is: the first, the tobacco growing cycle is long, connecing aphid and often need more than the 90d time, needing a large amount of human and material resources from being seeded into; The second, tobacco growing needs larger space, and individual plant tobacco can grow to 2 meters high, needs the spacing of 1 × 1 meter to arrange tobacco cultivation, needs the numerous place of the expansion of larger area; 3rd, tobacco leaf has viscosity, is unfavorable for that parasitic wasp is collected; 4th, this patent is gathered into honeybee, is unfavorable for product storage and transport.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method utilizing cuttage plant three-dimensional to expand numerous aphidius gifuensis, choose chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng as host plant, and cultivated by cottage method, chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng carries out connect the numerous aphid of aphid, connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee, collect stiff aphid and make honeybee card, have that cycle time is short, demand space is little, stiff aphid is easy to the feature of collecting.The method combination can save numerous honeybee cost greatly, can promote large-scale breeding and even the merchandized handling of aphidius gifuensis.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Utilize cuttage plant three-dimensional to expand a method for numerous aphidius gifuensis, the method comprises with the next stage:
1) host plant chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is cultivated;
2) the numerous aphid of aphid is connect;
3) the numerous honeybee of honeybee is connect;
4) collect stiff aphid and make honeybee card.
Further, in described method, also comprise this stage: the described 1st) before the stage, set up the conservation population of cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis, and regularly carry out rejuvenation from field acquisition original inhabitants population.
Further, the conservation environmental condition that described cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis population are suitable for is: day temperature 25 ± 1 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 20 ± 1 DEG C, relative moisture RH65%-70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h, intensity of illumination 5000Lx.
Further, the described 1st), in the stage, cottage method is adopted to cultivate chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, throughout the year all can cuttage in indoor.
Further, described cuttage time by December then to Second Year March between carry out.
Further, the described 1st), 2), 3), 4) in the stage, use and three-dimensionally expand numerous frame, support body inside is divided into some layers of seedling bed, seedling bed degree of depth 20cm, every layer of seedling bed overhung LED.
Further, the seedling medium that described seedling bed adopts is: with vermiculite, perlite, turfy soil for matrix, in seedling bed, the matrix of laid thickness 8-10cm, strikes off, and carries out sterilization with liquor potassic permanganate.
Further, the cutting that described chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng adopts is: get ripe tender stem cuttage from the female stem of the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of stalwartness, cutting long 3-5 sheet leaf, plucks radical leaves and insert in seedling bed, moisturizing of shading.
Further, the cutting of described chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is chosen condition and is: the branch in winter and indoor cuttage growth selection 4-6 week in early spring, the branch in Summer Indoor cuttage growth selection 3-5 week, and growth time only gets the part on its nearly top more than the branch of more than 60d; The branch lower end thickness chosen is greater than 0.3cm, and the spigot cutter of cutting is cut concordant or is cut into the inclined-plane of miter angle, and the length 8-10cm of cutting, upper end retains the blade of 1/4-1/3, and remaining blade is all cut.
Further, be first that the carbendazim of 0.5% soaks 20-30min by the cutting concentration got ready before described cuttage, taking-up clear water is rinsed well, cuttage again after the moisture on its surface dries; First seedling bed matrix ditched during cuttage, or prick cave with small wooden, the degree of depth is 3-4cm, then cutting is put in, and righting is also filled out sand and pushed down, and spacing 5-7cm, reserves the space of root growth; Multirow cuttage keeps line-spacing 8-10cm; The complete water spray of cuttage, makes the matrix natural sediment loosened, and finally covers tightly with transparent plastic foil, moisturizing.
Further, the numerous condition of expansion of described cutting is: temperature should keep 20-26 DEG C, and the relative moisture in bed should keep 75%, and temperature is too high should be noted ventilating, and sprays a small amount of water every 1-2d in cutting, to keep the humidity in the vitality of cutting and bed; When the length of the root that cutting grows reaches 5cm, suitably control the water yield in seedling bed, reduce the humidity in seedling bed, prevent the undue excessive growth of root system, increase ventilation time and light application time, make cutting progressively reform of nature environment.
Further, the described 2nd) in the stage, access aphid when the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of cuttage recovers to grow 10 blades or 20d vegetative period.
Further, worm 400 can be born in monolithic blade face, and unit are larva number is 35/cm
2.
Further, every strain chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng connects cigarette aphid and becomes aphid 50, makes it lay eggs, and after 7d, cigarette aphid quantity realizes saturation type and connects worm.
Further, after 7d, enter the described 3rd) stage, connect aphidius gifuensis, continuous culture 25d.
Further, honeybee aphid when connecing honeybee compares 1:150-200.
Further, sex ration when putting honeybee is 2: 1, every day 6000, continuous 5d; Be about 11d during aphidius gifuensis 28 DEG C and complete a generation, under high temperature ensures nutritional condition, female drone property ratio is about 1.2:1, and after incubation rate 90%, 25d, aphidius gifuensis can expand numerous 2 generations.
Further, the described 4th) in the stage, stiff aphid is collected to the numerous aphidius gifuensis of expansion, and make honeybee card.
Further, utilize stiff aphid powered brush by under stiff for the aphidius gifuensis in leaf of Radix gynurae segeti face aphid brush, double faced adhesive tape smeared by honeybee card, the stiff aphid of collecting is adhered on double faced adhesive tape, make the honeybee card of 200 stiff aphids.
Further, cultivate seedling as stated above respectively at interval of 25d, connect worm, connect honeybee, the batch realizing anniversary relay is produced, and meets prevention and control requirement, ensures Product supply.
The method utilizing cuttage plant three-dimensional to expand numerous aphidius gifuensis of above-mentioned technical characteristic is adopted to have the following advantages:
The efficient multiplication technique of aphidius gifuensis of this patent, convenient, economical, be easy to normalizing operation, numerous aphidius gifuensis can be expanded by rapid, high volume, reach the object that insect biology is prevented.
(1) quick and convenient: the mode taking cuttage, dramatically reduce workload during vector plant breeding.Aphidius gifuensis expansion is in the past numerous will plant tobacco, rape etc., and take time and effort, the cycle is oversize.What the present invention adopted is vegetative manner, and namely cuttage chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng can be used for expanding numerous aphidius gifuensis.
(2) with low cost: technology adopts the numerous link of each expansion, Gynura Cass frequently seen plants, expanding numerous matrix (vermiculite, perlite etc.) can repeatedly use, only need through solar exposure, make the three-dimensional raw material expanding numerous frame, easily buy and can process voluntarily.
(3) space availability ratio is high: the mode that this technology takes three-dimensional expansion numerous, improves individual layer plane formula (ground can only be utilized to expand the plants such as the numerous tobacco) method in the past expanding numerous aphidius gifuensis, has increased substantially space availability ratio.The numerous link of whole expansion is not limit and is expanded numerous space, greatly to expanding the production line of numerous natural enemy, little extremely easy greenhouse and plastic greenhouse, all can be used to expand numerous aphidius gifuensis natural enemy product.
(4) batch production operation is convenient to: this technology relates to the links expanding numerous aphidius gifuensis, all intensively can operate, is convenient to factorial praluction.
(5) stiff aphid is collected fast, is convenient to the storage of aphidius gifuensis product, transport and release, saves a large amount of artificial material resources.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the farrowing amount statistical chart of cigarette aphid on different host plant;
Fig. 2 is hundred the stiff aphid weight statistical charts obtaining aphidius gifuensis on different host plant.
Embodiment
For further setting forth the present invention for the technological means that reaches predetermined technique object and take and effect, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, structure of the present invention, workflow are described in detail as follows.
The aphidius gifuensis (Aphidiusgifuensis) that the present invention relates to is high with strong, the natural parasitic rate of its fecundity, the generation cycle is short, strong adaptability be easy to the merits such as artificial propagation and become one of natural enemy insect that in Aphidiidae, value is the highest.Apply this parasitic wasp control aphid and there is lot of advantages, the most important thing is to substitute chemical pesticide, reach the object of prevention and control aphid damage, produce green agricultural product.In addition, this parasitic wasp also has other advantages, mainly comprises: (1) its annidation is strong, and distributional region is wide, and China northeast, North China, northwest, Central China, south China, southwestern Deng Genong district all can survive; (2) multiple kinds of crops, fruit tree, veterinary antibiotics etc. are applicable to; (3) it can the important agricultural aphid that extensively occurs of parasitic multiple aphid, particularly China, as cigarette aphid, greenbug, radish aphid etc.; (4) its developmental rate is fast, and population can increase rapidly and surely grow; (5) its pest control effect is good, can stop causing harm of aphid quickly and efficiently; (6) its pupa and adult can be easy to observe with the naked eye in field, and insect product is easily stored, and production utilizes and is easily accepted by peasant.
The present invention utilizes cuttage plant three-dimensional scale to expand numerous aphidius gifuensis, comprises following link: the vector plant screening-vector plant numerous honeybee of numerous-module soon-collect stiff aphid.Below in detail technical scheme is described to each link:
(1) vector plant triage techniques
Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng [Gynuradivavicata (L.) DC.] composite family pseudo-ginseng belongs to, and cries again the ancient philosophers's dish, chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng.Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is a kind of edible tender tip and tender leaf, nutritious famous-brand and high-quality special vegetable.Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng plant strain growth is vigorous, and branch regeneration capacity is strong, and strong stress resistance is drought-enduring, heat-resisting, barren-resistant, happiness high temperature humid climate, growth thermophilic 20-30 DEG C, more resistance to shade.Under thermophilic and sunny environment, growth is healthy and strong fast.The stipes portion easily raw adventive root of chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, suitable cottage propagation, get ripe tender stem cuttage from female stem of stalwartness, cutting long 10cm, 3-5 sheet leaf, plucks radical leaves and inserts in seedbed, moisturizing of shading, and within 10-15 days, can survive, easily take root with spring and autumn.
Cigarette aphid main parasitic is on tobacco and crucifer, and we find that chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng can expand numerous cigarette aphid in an experiment, and then expand numerous aphidius gifuensis.Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng has this large advantage of cottage propagation, therefore predicts that it can substitute other common host plant such as tobaccos etc. and expand numerous aphidius gifuensis.The impact that chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng grows cigarette aphid and the effect numerous to the expansion of aphidius gifuensis all have no report.Therefore, select tobacco, wheat, rape, eggplant, these 5 kinds of host plants of chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, inquire into the ontogeny situation of the characteristics such as cigarette aphid development and fecundity thereon and aphidius gifuensis, compare the difference of cigarette aphid survival rate and fertility on several host plant and the different host plant numerous effect of expansion for aphidius gifuensis.
Experiment 1: vector plant screening and adaptability evaluation test
1 materials and methods
1.1 material
1.1.1 test plant
Test plant is the tobacco of Solanaceae, wheat, rape, eggplant and chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng.Cultivation seedling in dish of nursing young plants in hothouses, when tobacco, rape, eggplant grow to 3-4 sheet true leaf, transplant in nutritive cube (diameter 9cm, high 10cm), adopt novel mixed fertilizer to continue to cultivate, the strain of every basin one.Wheat seeding is directly placed in seedling-cultivating tray, no longer divides alms bowl.Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is long-term cottage propagation, intercepts the tender stem of 10cm grown fine, and removes lower blade and transplants in nutritive cube (diameter 9cm, high 10cm), adopts novel mixed fertilizer to continue to cultivate, survives rear stand-by.Place as test plant in dependent insect cage (40 × 40 × 50cm) respectively, the upper blade of plant (5-8 Leaf-Age-Period) is selected in test.
1.1.2 for examination cigarette aphid
Pick up from laboratory, base, Plant Protection institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences Langfang tobacco seedling green type cigarette aphid; after warm indoor feeding cigarette aphid number generation; the cigarette aphid of enough homogenizations to be transferred on four kinds of host plants and to raise number generation continuously, after it adapts to completely, stand-by when cigarette aphid is developed to 3-4 age.
1.1.3 for examination aphidius gifuensis
Aphidius gifuensis picks up from laboratory, base, Plant Protection institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences Langfang tobacco seedling, raises 10 generations more than continuously for during examination in greenhouse using cigarette aphid as host.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 the impact of different host plant on the development duration of cigarette aphid and breeding is tested
Adopt single head method for breeding: become aphid with the young leaflet tablet raising single head for examination plant seedling stage, after 24h, remove into aphid.Vacuum side of blade is put into bottom to be upward coated with in the transparent plastic culture dish (diameter 9cm, high 1cm) of moistening filter paper, if with banister bruss by 1 age aphid transfer on blade, 1, every ware, each host 30 repetition.Every day, 8:00 and 20:00 respectively observed 1 time, recorded in detail the casting off a skin of cigarette aphid, farrowing amount, death condition, till the death of all examination worms.Cast off a skin if each observation is all rejected and newly produce aphid, add water every other day and renew fresh leaves.
1.2.2 different host plant is tested the impact of cigarette aphid reproductive speed
4 cigarette aphids of getting respectively on 5 kinds of host plants become aphid to be connected on similar host plant, for the ease of counting aphid amount, the another 4 kinds of host plants except wheat are all removed lobus cardiacus, only stay 3-4 sheet leaf, and tight with dependent insect cage cover, within every 2 days, observe 1 time, Continuous Observation 10d.Add up aphid number on every young plant, often process investigation 5 strain.
1.2.3 different host plant is tested the impact that aphidius gifuensis is grown
Aphidius gifuensis is (female: male) pairing by 1: 1, according to the honeybee aphid ratio of 1:250, be released in 5 kinds of host plants are housed dependent insect cage in.From stiff aphid appears in plant, chosen down day by day, loaded in dactylethrae.Get the stiff aphid of the aphidius gifuensis after the 24h that different host plant produces, weigh hundred nose heave amounts.One-tenth honeybee after emergence continues pairing, is connected on the host plant of cigarette aphid parasitism, and it is numerous to be placed in expansion greenhouse in.The stiff aphid gathering some aphidius gifuensis from the wheat of experimental field, base, Langfang goes back to laboratory, in contrast.
The calculating of 1.3 parameter and population
With d (x) for unit interval, build the life table of cigarette aphid on different host plant, according to each life table parameters of following formulae discovery:
Net breeding rate R
0=∑ l
xm
x;
Average generation cycle T=∑ xl
xm
x/ ∑ l
xm
x;
Intrinsic rate of increase r
m=l
nr
0/ T;
Finite rate of increase λ=e
rm;
Population doubling time t=ln2/r
m=0.6931/r
m
In formula: x is given age, d; l
xfor the survival rate during x; m
xfor every female litter size average during x.
Because aphid multiplies the next generation in parthenogenesis mode, therefore not design than this column.
1.4 data processing
Test data statistical analysis all adopts Excel2003 and SAS9.1 version, carries out ANOVA variance analysis, and the significance of difference detects and adopts Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method.
2 results and analysis
2.1 different host plants are on the impact of cigarette aphid development duration
The development duration of cigarette aphid on table 15 kind of host plant
| Content measurement | Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng | Tobacco | Rape | Eggplant | Wheat |
| 1 age nymph | 2.241±0.06a | 1.828±0.11b | 1.759±0.07b | 2.142±0.11a | 1.795±0.07b |
| 2 age nymph | 1.893±0.05a | 1.917±0.10a | 1.854±0.05a | 2.012±0.32a | 1.864±0.05a |
| 3 age nymph | 2.042±0.11a | 1.905±0.41a | 1.923±0.07ab | 1.711±0.05b | 1.886±0.08ab |
| 4 age nymph | 1.750±0.08b | 1.838±0.21ab | 1.952±0.10ab | 1.824±0.06ab | 1.971±0.11a |
| If the aphid phase | 7.917±0.11a | 7.811±0.21b | 7.405±0.08b | 7.324±0.05b | 7.647±0.06ab |
| Reproduction in earlier stage | 1.000±0.19b | 0.7222±0.09c | 1.136±0.14b | 1.523±0.20a | 1.500±0.07a |
| Reproduction period | 13.00±0.19a | 13.091±0.12a | 9.933±0.10b | 12.801±0.22a | 13.786±0.13a |
| The reproduction later stage | 1.357±0.09ab | 1.308±0.17b | 1.273±0.09b | 1.667±0.10a | 1.465±0.22a |
| Life of Adult | 15.143±0.12a | 14.308±0.13a | 14.60±0.11a | 11.60±0.10b | 13.223±0.73a |
| Generation time | 22.225±0.13b | 22.005±0.14b | 18.924±0.15c | 20.437±1.03b | 22.79±0.16a |
Note: in table, data are mean ± standard error; Different English lower case after colleague's data represent significant difference (p<0.05, Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method).
As shown in Table 1, the development duration of different host plant on cigarette aphid has remarkable impact.On 5 kinds of host plants, 1 age nymphal period on chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng (2.241d), be obviously longer than other three kinds of hosts; 2 age nymphal period on 5 kinds of host plants, differ maximum be tobacco (1.917d) and rape (1.854d), chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is tending towards centre; 3 age nymphal period the longest on chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng be 2.042d, the shortest on eggplant is 1.711d, difference 0.331d; The shortest on 4 age nymphal period chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is 1.750d, and long comparatively speaking on wheat (1.971d) and rape (1.952d); If the summary aphid phase is gone through the longest (7.917d) on phase chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng and differs 0.593d with (7.324) on the shortest eggplant.It is comparatively large that phase gap on 5 kinds of host plants is gone through in the reproduction of cigarette aphid in earlier stage, and that the longest is eggplant (1.5d), and that the shortest is tobacco (0.722d); Go through reproduction period phase except the shortest on rape (9.933d), all more than 13d on chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, wheat and tobacco; The reproduction later stage is about 1.5d on 5 kinds of host plants; Life of Adult is the longest (15.143d) on chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, the shortest on eggplant (11.6d).
To sum up, the generation time of cigarette aphid on 5 kinds of host plants, the shortest on rape is 18.924d, and eggplant is about 20d, and on other 3 kinds of host plants, difference is not remarkable, is about 22d.
2.2 different host plants are on the impact of cigarette aphid fertility
Fig. 1 is the farrowing amount statistical chart of cigarette aphid on 5 kinds of different host plants.
Note: mark different English lower case in figure and represent significant difference (p<0.05, Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method).
As shown in Figure 1, different host plant affects significant difference to cigarette aphid farrowing amount.Secondly on 5 kinds of host plants, the overall average farrowing amount of single head cigarette aphid mostly is 63 most on eggplant, and on rape, be 57.03, chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is 52.33, does not have difference, be respectively 42.67 and 41.27 between on wheat and on tobacco.
Take temperature bright to 5 kinds of vector plant odd-numbered day farrowing measurements, from farrowing 16d in, the per day farrowing amount of cigarette aphid on 5 kinds of host plants has a peak period, and wherein chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is 3-10d, rape is 4-13d, wheat is 3-10d, eggplant is 3-9d, and tobacco is 4-12d.Cigarette aphid farrows the existing significant difference of per day farrowing scale in peak period on 5 kinds of host plants, and chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is 5.095, and rape is 5.794, and wheat is 5.0131, eggplant is 4.806, tobacco is 4.615.The time that Integrated comparative farrowing peak period occurs finds with per day farrowing amount in farrowing peak period, and chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is all tending towards median, and the most applicable cigarette aphid of rape is parasitic, eggplant and tobacco backwardness a little.
2.3 different host plants are on the impact of cigarette aphid reproductive speed
The reproduction speed of table 2 cigarette aphid on 5 kinds of different host plants
| Different host plant | 1d | 3d | 5d | 7d | 9d | 11d |
| Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng | 4 become aphid | 24 | 77 | 143 | 350 | 500 |
| Rape | 4 become aphid | 22 | 66 | 220 | 420 | 580 |
| Eggplant | 4 become aphid | 22 | 59 | 165 | 294 | 385 |
| Wheat | 4 become aphid | 26 | 65 | 144 | 272 | 432 |
| Tobacco | 4 become aphid | 35 | 64 | 145 | 370 | 464 |
Note: record data are all cigarette aphid numbers.
The reproduction speed significant difference of cigarette aphid on different host plant can be seen from table 2.Data display tobacco after 2 days is more suitable for the farrowing of cigarette aphid initial stage; Be then that chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is leading after 4 days, show that cigarette aphid agreeable to the taste ability is thereon stronger; 6 days and data afterwards all show that rape is the host plant being beneficial to cigarette aphid fast-propagation most, and chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is compared with tobacco, and reproduction speed is faster, and eggplant is the slowest.
The impact that 2.4 different host plants grow aphidius gifuensis
Fig. 2 is hundred the stiff aphid weight statistical charts different host plant obtaining aphidius gifuensis.
Note: mark different English lower case in figure and represent significant difference (p<0.05, Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method).
As can be seen from Figure 2, what different host plants produced the growth of aphidius gifuensis affects significant difference.Stiff aphid on wheat is obviously high than the stiff aphid weight on other four kinds of host plants, has more than twice with rape disparity.Next also there is notable difference to the growth of aphidius gifuensis between other 3 kinds of host plants, and the stiff aphid mainly on rape grows less, and between the aphidius gifuensis growth on other three kinds of host plants, difference is not remarkable.
2.5 major vital table parameters
The population life table parameters of table 3 cigarette aphid on different host
| Parameter | Chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng | Wheat | Rape | Eggplant | Tobacco |
| Net breeding rate R0 | 52.334 | 69.267 | 49.132 | 42.668 | 41.262 |
| Finite rate of increase λ | 1.319 | 1.320 | 1.295 | 1.327 | 1.290 |
| Intrinsic rate of increase rm | 0.277 | 0.278 | 0.280 | 0.283 | 0.255 |
| Average generation cycle T/d | 14.311 | 14.930 | 14.331 | 13.278 | 14.599 |
| Population doubling time t/d | 2.506 | 2.497 | 2.609 | 2.452 | 2.720 |
As shown in Table 3, net breeding rate R
0, maximum on wheat (69.267) are secondly chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng (52.334), minimum on tobacco (41.262).Finite rate of increase λ is all greater than 1, show that the population of cigarette aphid is that geometric type increases, sort as eggplant > wheat > chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng > rape > tobacco by its value size, wherein chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng and 2 years raw turnips only differ from 0.001.Intrinsic rate of increase rm represents that cigarette aphid is to the fitness of host plant and palatability, and it is consistent with the trend of λ value, and under showing the same terms, cigarette aphid is easier to take food eggplant, wheat and chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, and the tobacco under this experiment condition is likely pest-resistant cultivar.Average generation cycle T is then eggplant the shortest (13.278), and other 4 kinds of vector plant are all greater than 14d, and the population doubling time is all at about 2.5d.Overall merit, chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng all in centre position, can expand numerous cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis by common host plant as an alternative on parameters.
(2) vector plant Cultivating techniques
By carrying out female root propagation, bud of surviving the winter breeding, cottage propagation effect rating test, confirm utilize cuttage mode can realize vector plant chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng scale produce fast.
Relevant multiplication technique is:
(1) three-dimensionally expand numerous frame: the numerous honeybee frame of nursery making 160 × 60 × 180cm of shelf angle iron, support body inside is divided into four layers, namely respectively apart from ground 20,60,100,140cm punishment every.Separate overhung LED for every layer, meet chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, cigarette aphid, aphidius gifuensis growth demand.Make the seedling bed of 150 × 50 × 20cm of sheet metal, middle every 50cm does and cuts off, and namely each seedling bed is divided into the little nursery section of 3 50 × 50cm.4 seedling beds placed by the numerous honeybee frame of every nursery.
(2) seedling medium: with vermiculite, perlite, turfy soil for matrix, in seedling bed, the matrix of laid thickness 8-10cm, strikes off, and the liquor potassic permanganate with 0.5% carries out sterilization.
(3) cutting and method: get ripe tender stem cuttage from the female stem of the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of stalwartness, cutting long 10cm, 3-5 sheet leaf, plucks radical leaves and insert in seedbed, each seedling bed can cuttage 150 strain chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, moisturizing of shading.
The branch in growth selection 4-6 week is answered in winter and indoor cuttage in early spring, and the branch in growth selection long 3-5 week is answered in cuttage in summer, and growth time can only get the part on its nearly top more than the branch of more than 60d.The branch lower end thickness chosen should be greater than 0.3cm as much as possible, meticulous take root slow and few.The spigot of cutting is cut concordant with sharp cutter or is cut into the inclined-plane of 450 jiaos, the length of cutting is advisable (bud point can be plucked and can not pluck) with 8-10cm, upper end retains the blade of 1/4-1/3, remaining blade is all cut, do like this and can reduce branch Middle nutrition composition and consume in large quantities, be also beneficial to the differentiation of calli induction and root.
(4) cutting time: throughout the year all can cuttage, but consider from the angle of producing, time of cuttage can by December then to Second Year March between carry out.Be first the carbendazim immersion 20-30min of 0.5% by the cutting concentration got ready before cuttage, taking-up clear water is rinsed well, cuttage again after the moisture on its surface dries.First ditched by slotting machine during cuttage, or prick cave with small wooden, the degree of depth is 3-4cm, then cutting is put in, and righting is also filled out sand and pushed down, and spacing 5-7cm, ensures that root growth has enough spaces more.Multirow cuttage keeps line-spacing 8-10cm, and every seedling bed can the strain of cuttage chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng 150.The complete water spray of cuttage, makes the matrix natural sediment loosened, and finally covers tightly with transparent plastic foil, moisturizing.
(5) expand numerous management: temperature should keep 20-26 DEG C, the relative moisture in bed should keep about 75%, and temperature is too high should be noted ventilating, and sprays a small amount of water every 1-2d in cutting, to keep the humidity in the vitality of cutting and bed.Under normal condition, 5-7d starts to form callus, and expand gradually, have little (indefinite) root to break up out from the edge of callus or core through about 15d again, more slightly the cutting of (0.5cm) just can differentiate more than 10 bar roots at 2-3d.When the length of root reaches 5cm, suitably control the water yield in slotting machine, reduce the humidity in bed, prevent the undue excessive growth of root system, the common light that ventilates, makes it progressively reform of nature environment more.
(3) saturation type connects aphid, the numerous bee technology of batch
(1) host selects:
Select host---the cigarette aphid of aphidius gifuensis advantage parasitism.
(2) conservation maintains: i.e. the foundation of conservation population and maintenance.
For the demand that satisfied expansion is numerous, need set up the conservation population of cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis, the conservation environmental condition that this two population is suitable for is: day temperature 25 ± 1 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 20 ± 1 DEG C, relative moisture RH65%-70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h, intensity of illumination 5000Lx.Regularly carry out rejuvenation from field acquisition original inhabitants population.
(3) opportunity is inoculated:
When the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of cuttage recovers to grow 10 blades (about 20d vegetative period) access aphid, now worm 400 can be born in monolithic blade face.Unit are larva number is 35/cm
2left and right is best opportunity.
(4) saturatedly aphid is connect:
Every strain chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng connects cigarette aphid and becomes aphid about 50, makes it lay eggs.After 7d, on every strain chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, cigarette aphid quantity can reach about 4000, and every seedling bed can numerous aphid 600,000, and totally 4 layers, the numerous honeybee frame of every nursery, can educate aphid about 2,400,000, realize saturation type and connect worm.
(5) output of cigarette aphid, aphidius gifuensis:
Greenhouse (200m
2) can place and bring up 30, the numerous honeybee frame of seedling, aphid about 7,200 ten thousand can be bred.
Put honeybee 30,000 (sex ration=2: 1, every day 6000, continuous 5d), period, Aphed population still can increase, be about 11d during aphidius gifuensis 28 DEG C and complete a generation, often femalely lay eggs 230, under high temperature ensures nutritional condition, property is than being about 1.2:1 (queen bee is more), incubation rate 90%, after 25d, aphidius gifuensis can expand numerous 2 generations, stiff aphid amount every strain chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng about reaches 2000, and between every, greenhouse can produce stiff aphid about 3,600 ten thousand (2000 heads/plant × 150 strains/layer × 4 layer/frame × 30 frame).
Note: after the first generation, queen bee amount can reach 2,100,000 [=30000 × 2/3 (female ratio) × 200 × 90% × 0.6 (offspring queen bee is compared)=2,160,000] in theory, second generation queen bee amount theoretical value can reach 2.33 hundred million [2,160,000 × 200 × 90% × 0.6], but in fact due to impacts such as lethality, developmental rate, nutrition supply, space constraint, current multiplication technique still can not reach this level.
(6) batch expands numerous:
Cultivate seedling as stated above respectively at interval of 25d, connect worm, connect honeybee, the batch realizing anniversary relay is produced, and meets prevention and control requirement, ensures Product supply.
(7) technical combinations:
By repetition test, with chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, for vector plant expands, numerous aphidius gifuensis best of breed is the cottage method that utilizes of summary:
The numerous honeybee frame of three-dimensional seedling raising: 4 layered tower stereoscopic frames, soilless substrate.
Cuttage chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng: the long 10cm of chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng cutting, the degree of depth is 3-4cm, spacing 5-7cm, line-spacing 8-10cm, and every seedling bed can the strain of cuttage chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng 150.
Environmental condition: day temperature 25 ± 1 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 20 ± 1 DEG C, relative moisture RH65%-70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h, intensity of illumination 5000Lx.
Expand numerous aphid parasite: vegetative period is that chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng+50 cigarette aphids/strain cultivation 7d+ of 20d connects aphidius gifuensis 50,000, continuous culture 25d.
Results of measuring is: in 50d in two stages, and one is cottage propagation stage of vector plant chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, and two is cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis reproductive stage, and these two stages can synchronously carry out.Like this, producing season, every 25d is at 200m
2greenhouse in, numerous aphidius gifuensis 3,600 ten thousand can be expanded.
Above-mentioned technical combinations can save numerous honeybee cost greatly, can promote large-scale breeding and even the merchandized handling of aphidius gifuensis.
Experiment 2: utilize chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng to expand the test of numerous aphidius gifuensis
1: judge the best test connecing aphid opportunity
Test method: each for the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng in 12d, 16d, 20d, 24d, 28d vegetative period after cuttage 1 alms bowl is moved into connect in worm cage (30 × 30 × 30cm) respectively, and access 50 cigarette aphids in cage, then will connect worm cage and be placed in climatic cabinate.Count each process Aphed population after 3 days, evaluate cigarette aphid to the palatability of different growing stages chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng.Repeat for totally 5 times.
Result of the test: the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng hobby property of cigarette aphid to different growing stages has significant difference, and all in all, cigarette aphid is more liked and takes food 20d blade in vegetative period, and quantity reaches about 620, is significantly higher than other process; After cuttage 16d, 24d, 28d leaf of Radix gynurae segeti sheet on average aphid number all more than 300, after cuttage 12, to carry aphid amount minimum for leaf of Radix gynurae segeti sheet, has significant difference between each process.Observe and find, on the leaf of Radix gynurae segeti sheet of cuttage 24d, 28d, aphid mainly concentrates on middle and upper part blade, and it is little that radical leaves carries aphid amount.
Considering the factors such as toxigenic capacity, is excellent with the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of cuttage 20d in production.
Table 4 cigarette aphid is to the selectivity of different growing stages chrysanthemum in vegetative period pseudo-ginseng
| Vegetative period | Total larva number (head) |
| 12 | 182±46d |
| 16 | 336±81c |
| 20 | 624±75a |
| 24 | 415±68b |
| 28 | 338±14c |
Note: in table, data are mean+SD; Different lowercase alphabet is shown in the significance of difference in 0.05 level
2: judge the best test connecing Aphed population
Test method: each connect worm cage (30 × 30 × 30cm) put into cuttage 20d after chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng 1 strain, if 5 process, often process 5 times repeat.Access 10,30,50,70,90 cigarette aphids respectively in cage, each process Aphed population will be observed after 7d, pro form bill plane stow aphid amount.
Result of the test: along with increasing of access aphid, the trend that after presenting 7d generally, aphid total amount raises.Comprehensive analysis display, connect aphid amount how low time, as 10,30, and underuse chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng effective blade and carry aphid space; When access 50 cigarette aphid adults, total aphid amount, unit plane stow aphid amount can reach 4000,35/cm
2level, can intraspecific competition be avoided, a large amount of healthy cigarette aphids can be obtained again; When access 70,90 cigarette aphids, because insect density is too high, after 7d, Aphed population is not significantly higher than 50.
Therefore, the suitableeest quantity of every pot seedling access cigarette aphid adult is 50, and unit plane stow aphid amount is about 35/cm
2density.
Table 5 cigarette aphid is the suitableeest connects borer population amount
| Connect aphid amount (head) | Total aphid amount (head) after 7d | Unit plane stow aphid amount (head/cm 2) |
| 10 | 1310±60d | 19c |
| 30 | 2680±125c | 24b |
| 50 | 4020±120b | 35a |
| 70 | 4820±215ab | 39a |
| 90 | 5300±260a | 42a |
Note: in table, data are mean+SD; In table, different lowercase alphabet is shown in the significance of difference in 0.05 level
3: judge the best test connecing honeybee quantity
Test method: on the basis of aforementioned 2 result of the tests, moves into each for the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of 20d after cuttage 1 alms bowl and connects in worm cage (30 × 30 × 30cm), and access 50 cigarette aphids in cage, total aphid amount about 600 in each cage after 3d.Healthy and strong and have the aphidius gifuensis queen bee of the experience of laying eggs respectively to accessing 2 (1: 300), 3 (1: 200), 4 (1: 150), 5 (1: 120), 10 (1: 60), 15 (1: 40) heads in 6 cages, take out aphidius gifuensis after 24h, after 5d, count stiff aphid quantity.Go out after honeybee to record out honeybee number and the female number of product until aphidius gifuensis.Often process and repeat for 3 times.
Result of the test: as shown in table 3, connecing honeybee than significantly affecting stiff aphid quantity, also having a certain impact to offspring's female and male ratio, but not remarkable on the impact of offspring's incubation rate.Comprehensive analysis connects honeybee ratio and controls at 1:150-200 more suitable, is suitable for vast propagation needs.Inoculation proportion is too low, causes space waste, and efficiency is lower; Connect honeybee than too high, be unfavorable for that stiff aphid is formed, and the male ratio of offspring increases, and is unfavorable for field control insect.
Table 6 connects honeybee quantity to stiff aphid and the impact of hatching aphidius gifuensis
| Connect honeybee amount (head) | Stiff aphid amount (head) after 5d | Offspring's incubation rate (%) | Offspring's sex ration |
| 2 | 310b | 95a | 1.0ab |
| 3 | 425a | 95a | 1.2a |
| 4 | 475a | 95a | 1.1a |
| 5 | 505a | 90a | 0.9b |
| 10 | 495a | 90a | 0.9b |
| 15 | 510a | 90a | 0.8bc |
Note: in table, data are mean+SD; In table, different lowercase alphabet is shown in the significance of difference in 0.05 level
(4) intensive numerous honeybee, automatically collecting natural enemy product technology
(1) intensive numerous honeybee:
Based on the technical combinations that this patent is summed up, significantly can save numerous honeybee cost, promote large-scale breeding and even the merchandized handling of aphidius gifuensis.In recent years, expand in the practice of numerous aphidius gifuensis, we arranged production by following expansion numerous cycle: i.e. 1-20 days, expanded numerous cuttage chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng; 21-27 days, accesses and expands numerous aphid; 28-50d, accesses and expands numerous aphidius gifuensis.Producing season, 25 days is the cycle, and hocket each step, on average at every 200m
2greenhouse in, numerous aphidius gifuensis 3,600 ten thousand can be expanded.
(2) collect stiff aphid and make honeybee card:
For ease of storing, transporting and release, its stiff aphid is collected to the numerous aphidius gifuensis of expansion, and make honeybee card.Main process is: utilize stiff aphid powered brush by under stiff for the aphidius gifuensis in leaf of Radix gynurae segeti face aphid brush, honeybee card smears into suitable size with double faced adhesive tape, adheres on double faced adhesive tape by the stiff aphid of collecting, make the honeybee card of 200 stiff aphids.
Described just in order to the present invention is described above, be construed as the present invention and be not limited to above embodiment, meet the various variants of inventive concept all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. utilize cuttage plant three-dimensional to expand a method for numerous aphidius gifuensis, it is characterized in that, the method comprises with the next stage:
1) host plant chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng is cultivated;
2) the numerous aphid of aphid is connect;
3) the numerous honeybee of honeybee is connect;
4) collect stiff aphid and make honeybee card.
2., the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described 1st) in the stage, adopt cottage method to cultivate chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng, throughout the year all can cuttage in indoor.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the described 1st), 2), 3), 4) in the stage, use and three-dimensionally expand numerous frame, support body inside is divided into some layers of seedling bed, seedling bed degree of depth 20cm, every layer of seedling bed overhung LED.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the seedling medium that described seedling bed adopts is: with vermiculite, perlite, turfy soil for matrix, in seedling bed, the matrix of laid thickness 8-10cm, strikes off, and carries out sterilization with liquor potassic permanganate.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the cutting that described chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng adopts is: get ripe tender stem cuttage from the female stem of the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of stalwartness, cutting long 3-5 sheet leaf, plucks radical leaves and insert in seedling bed, moisturizing of shading.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, be first that the carbendazim of 0.5% soaks 20-30min by the cutting concentration got ready before described cuttage, taking-up clear water is rinsed well, cuttage again after the moisture on its surface dries;
First seedling bed matrix ditched during cuttage, or prick cave with small wooden, the degree of depth is 3-4cm, then cutting is put in, and righting is also filled out sand and pushed down, and spacing 5-7cm, reserves the space of root growth;
Multirow cuttage keeps line-spacing 8-10cm;
The complete water spray of cuttage, makes the matrix natural sediment loosened, and finally covers tightly with transparent plastic foil, moisturizing.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described 2nd) in the stage, access aphid when the chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng of cuttage recovers to grow 10 blades or 20d vegetative period.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, every strain chrysanthemum pseudo-ginseng connects cigarette aphid and becomes aphid 50, makes it lay eggs, and after 7d, cigarette aphid quantity realizes saturation type and connects worm.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, enter the described 3rd after 7d) stage, connect aphidius gifuensis, continuous culture 25d.
10. method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the described 4th) in the stage, stiff aphid is collected to the numerous aphidius gifuensis of expansion, and make honeybee card.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN106172248A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-07 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | A kind of expanding propagation method of Japan food a red-spotted lizard aphid chalcid fly |
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| CN107926862A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-20 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of trichogramma method for releasing with Hosta ventricosa away from flower for carrier and nectar source |
| CN108207822A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-06-29 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of artificial a large amount of fast breeding technical methods of brown band aphid chalcid fly |
| CN108207822B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2020-10-02 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Artificial mass rapid breeding technical method for Aphidius fusceolatus |
| CN109892132A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-18 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of artificial natural enemy protection island |
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