CN103168752A - Method for expanding propagation of aphidius gifuensises by using of schizaphis graminums - Google Patents
Method for expanding propagation of aphidius gifuensises by using of schizaphis graminums Download PDFInfo
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- CN103168752A CN103168752A CN2013101171648A CN201310117164A CN103168752A CN 103168752 A CN103168752 A CN 103168752A CN 2013101171648 A CN2013101171648 A CN 2013101171648A CN 201310117164 A CN201310117164 A CN 201310117164A CN 103168752 A CN103168752 A CN 103168752A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for expanding propagation of aphidius gifuensises. The method comprises the following steps: inoculating to-be-spawned aphidius gifuensis queen bees to plant seedlings with the schizaphis graminums to conduct bee breeding, and collecting the aphidius gifuensises to achieve the expanding propagation. According to the method, the schizaphis graminums are used as bee breeding hosts, technical links of best inoculating ratio, inoculating time and aphidius gifuensis collection are adopted, and a parasitic wasp expanding propagation technique which is high-efficiency, economic and simple is formed through repeated explorations and improvements, the expanding propagation of a large number of aphidius gifuensises can be achieved rapidly, and the purpose of biological prevention and control for injurious insects is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, relate to a kind of method that expands numerous aphidius gifuensis, particularly a kind of method that expands numerous aphidius gifuensis take greenbug as the host.
Background technology
Aphid is one of insect the most disruptive on the earth.The aphid that has been found that at present always has approximately 4400 kinds of 10 sections, and wherein nearly 250 kinds is for agriculture and forestry and the serious insect of horticulture harm.Often be clustered in the positions such as blade, tender stem, bud, terminal bud, suck food water by thorn, make leaf-shrinkage, curling, lopsided, cause the mechanical damage of plant nutrition loss and organ, in addition, aphid can be propagated viral diseases of plants, and the honeydew of its secretion can grow the causal organisms such as various plants fungus and bacterium, causes the generation of plant disease and popular.Aphid also has extremely strong instinct of reproduction, the aphid of some kinds has unique and complex modes of reproduction, i.e. parthenogenesis, and such reproduction circulation is continued until whole summer, environmental condition just can breed for 1 generation in suitable every 5 days, approximately can breed many generations in 20-40 days.Therefore a female worm can produce hundreds of millions of aphids in spring after hatching.For example, it is female that cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) can breed for 41 generations, if all survive, can reach 1.5 * 10
27Individual offspring.
For the particularly harm of economic crops of plant, people spend a large amount of manpower and materials and attempt to control causing harm of aphid due to aphid.Wherein effective measures are a lot, for example use the chemical insecticide of internal-suction type, just can kill fast aphid.In addition, occurring in nature has a large amount of Natural Enemies of Insects predations or parasitizes aphid, and some bacteriums, fungi and virus infection aphid are also arranged.The natural enemy insect kind of aphid is a lot, and ladybug, syrphus fly, aphid cocoon honeybee, food aphid cecidomyiia, aphis lion, Chrysopa and spider etc. are arranged.Wherein aphid cocoon honeybee is the parasitic enemy insect of a special parasitic aphid of class, and very remarkable to the effect of control naturally of aphid, it is bringing into play irreplaceable important function in agriculture and forestry are produced.Utilize anti-the eliminating aphis of aphid cocoon honeybee to be conducive to reduce the use of chemical pesticide, protection of the environment is kept the ecological balance and protection bio-diversity, and is significant to the agricultural sustainable development implementation.
Aphidius gifuensis Aphidius gifuensis is strong with its fecundity, and natural parasitic rate is high, and the generation cycle is short, and strong adaptability also is easy to the merits such as artificial propagation and becomes one of natural enemy insect that in Aphidiidae, value is very high.This honeybee mainly is distributed in China's Mainland, Taiwan, Korea S, the east Asias such as Japan area, natural control to the host aphid is stronger, its host range is extensive, can parasitic cigarette aphid, radish aphid, little English grain aphid, soybean aphid, cotten aphid, and eggplant without the net aphid etc., especially remarkable to the control efficiency of cigarette aphid.At vega, aphidius gifuensis is generally 20%～60%, Gao Zheke to the parasitic rate of cigarette aphid and reaches 89.16%.In recent years, aphidius gifuensis has been subject to both domestic and external showing great attention to, and it expands numerous and application has obtained carrying out widely, and has obtained in actual applications fabulous control effect.
In view of the good biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion ability of aphidius gifuensis, sum up the efficient multiplication technique of screening, produce in a large number the natural enemy insect product, be significant for the aphid class pest in prevention and control China vegetables, gardening, agricultural, forestry.In recent years, we are in conjunction with aphidius gifuensis auxology, alimentology, physiology and the insect control is done harm to merit rating, carried out the vast propagation technological invention research of aphidius gifuensis, around numerous honeybee host screening, best inoculation proportion, connect honeybee crucial opportunity, become the sport technique segment such as honeybee collection storage, through repeatedly exploring and improving, form efficient, economic, easy parasitic wasp multiplication technique, improved parasitic wasp output, promoted the biocontrol efficacy of aphid to promote.
In recent years, see the units such as Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yunan Tobacco Company Yuxi Branch, Qujing City Co., Tobacco Co., Yunnan Prov., Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Dali Branch, Honghe company of Yunnan Province tobacco company, Yunnan Provine Tobacco Science Inst. and expand numerous relevant patent of invention and utility model patent about aphidius gifuensis.Above-mentioned unit mainly adopts in small-sized temperature canopy, first plant tobacco, again access the cigarette aphid, access aphidius gifuensis again, and reclaim the multiplication technique route of aphidius gifuensis adult.Such invention mainly is applicable to utilize tobacco to expand numerous parasitic wasp for the carrier plant in warm canopy at south China (particularly Yunnan Province).
In the practice of expanding numerous aphidius gifuensis, we find that above-mentioned technology is unsuitable for the northern area of China, and main manifestations is: the first, the tobacco growing cycle long, connect aphid and often need the above time of 90d, the human and material resources that needs are a large amount of from being seeded into; The second, tobacco growing need to be than large space, and the individual plant tobacco can grow to 2 meters high, needs the spacing of 1*1 rice to arrange tobacco cultivation, needs larger area to expand numerous place; The 3rd, tobacco leaf has viscosity, is unfavorable for the parasitic wasp collection; The 4th, be gathered into honeybee, be unfavorable for product storage and transportation.
In sum, be badly in need of at present a kind of above shortcoming that overcomes, the suitable technology that expands numerous aphidius gifuensis in the northern area of China, thus satisfy the needs of cigarette aphid biological control in our northern agricultural production.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that expands numerous aphidius gifuensis.
The method of the numerous aphidius gifuensis of expansion provided by the present invention specifically can comprise the steps: to inoculate aphidius gifuensis queen bee to be laid eggs with the plant seedlings of greenbug, goes out honeybee and cultivates, and collects aphidius gifuensis, realizes expanding numerous.
In described method, the inoculation quantity of aphidius gifuensis queen bee described to be laid eggs and the ratio of described greenbug quantity are 1:150 to 1:250, as 1:150 to 1:200, or 1:200 to 1:250.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the inoculation quantity of aphidius gifuensis queen bee described to be laid eggs and described cigarette aphid quantity is specially 1:150,1:200 or 1:250.
In described method, described plant seedlings can be wheat seedling.In one embodiment of the invention, described plant seedlings is specially the seedling of wheat breed stone new 828.
In said method, describedly go out the condition of culture that honeybee cultivates and be: 28 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture RH65%～70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h; In one embodiment of the invention, describedly go out the condition of culture that honeybee cultivates and be specially: 28 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h.
In said method, described to go out the incubation time that honeybee cultivates be 4-14 days, as 4-8 days or 9-14 days.
Concrete, in described method,, describedly go out the incubation time that honeybee cultivates and can be 4-8 days (as 5 days) when collecting the stiff aphid of described aphidius gifuensis when described collection aphidius gifuensis; When described collection aphidius gifuensis becomes honeybee for collecting described aphidius gifuensis, describedly go out the incubation time that honeybee cultivates and can be 9-14 days (as 11 days).In certain temperature range, aphidius gifuensis is along with rising shortening growth cycle of temperature, and therefore, the breeding cycle also can correspondingly shorten.
In said method, described plant seedlings with greenbug satisfies following condition: described plant seedlings with greenbug satisfies following condition: on the described plant seedlings of every strain with 140-170 described greenbug (corresponding launch true leaf on 96-108 described greenbug).
In the present invention, the preparation method of described plant seedlings with greenbug comprises the steps: that inoculating female greenbug to be laid eggs to plant seedlings becomes aphid, inoculum density is that the described plant seedlings inoculation of every strain 4-12 head is (as the 5-10 head, 10 for another example) female greenbug described to be laid eggs becomes aphid, cultivate (as cultivating 7d) as described in every strain on plant seedlings with 140-170 greenbug, obtain described plant seedlings with greenbug.
In described method, when inoculating described female wheat y-bend wait laying eggs and becoming aphid, described plant seedlings is the wheat seedling of 3-4 sheet true leaf (as 3 true leaves).At this moment, described wheat seedling is specially growth 3-5 days, as the wheat seedling of growing 3 days; The described growth wheat seedling of 3-5 days is that wheat seed is after planting cultivated the wheat seedling that obtained in 3-5 days, is denoted as the 1st day the day of planting seed.
In said method, the described growth wheat seedling of 3-5 days prepares according to the method that comprises the steps: with the planting seed of wheat, the time of described cultivation is specially 3-5 days, will sow and day be denoted as the 1st day; The condition of described cultivation is specially 27 ℃ ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 65%-70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h.
In described method, described collection aphidius gifuensis specifically can be collects the stiff aphid of described aphidius gifuensis, also can be the described aphidius gifuensis of collection and becomes honeybee.
When collecting the stiff aphid of described aphidius gifuensis, carry out according to the operation of following A; When the described aphidius gifuensis of collection becomes honeybee, carry out according to the operation of following B:
A will soak in water 10-15 minute through the described described plant seedlings blade with stiff aphid that goes out after honeybee is cultivated, and the described stiff aphid of shaking simultaneously to come off, and collect described stiff aphid;
B is placed in the container of openend sealing with the described described plant seedlings blade with stiff aphid through going out after honeybee is cultivated, and described container is placed in the collection beehive, provide light above described collection beehive, after the stiff aphid of described aphidius gifuensis sprouts wings, open the opening of described container, utilize described aphidius gifuensis to become the phototaxis of honeybee, described aphidius gifuensis to become honeybee automatically to enter the collection beehive and complete collection.
The method of the numerous aphidius gifuensis of expansion provided by the present invention, convenient, economical, be easy to normalizing operation, but rapid, high volume expands numerous aphidius gifuensis, reaches the purpose that the insect biology is prevented.Advantage of the present invention is: (1) is with low cost: the seeding propagation link that technology adopts, wheat is general types, expands numerous matrix (vermiculite) and can repeatedly use, and only needs to get final product through solar exposure.The nutritive cube that each link adopts, gauze etc. are all low value product, easily buy and can process voluntarily.(2) space availability ratio is high: present technique is not limit and is expanded numerous space, to the production line that expands numerous natural enemy, little of easy greenhouse and plastic greenhouse, all can be used to expand numerous aphidius gifuensis natural enemy product greatly.(3) be convenient to the batch production operation: present technique relates to the links that expands numerous aphidius gifuensis, all can intensively operate, and is convenient to batch production production.(4) stiff aphid and become honeybee automatically to collect, and can be respectively collect stiff aphid for the difference of prevention and control object, become honeybee, discharge fast, save a large amount of artificial material resources.
Embodiment
The experimental technique that uses in following embodiment is conventional method if no special instructions.
In following embodiment, material used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Statistical analysis software SAS(9.1 is all adopted in data analysis related in following embodiment) carry out.
In following embodiment, photoperiod Lx:Dy represents light irradiation time x hour every day, dark duration y hour, and x+y=24.
Cigarette aphid (Myzus persicae): be recorded in " treasure once. China's cigarette aphid study on prevention general introduction. Agriculture of Anhui science, 2011,39 (2): 826-827. " in a literary composition, the public can obtain from Plant Protection institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences.；
Greenbug (Schizaphisgraminum): be recorded in " Hu Guanfang. the functional response of three kinds of ladybug larvas predation greenbug. Natural Enemies of Insects 1992; 14 (4): 180-185. " in a literary composition, the public can obtain from Plant Protection institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences.；
Radish aphid (Lipaphis erysimi): be recorded in " Hou Renhuan; Zhao Xun; Deng Ling; the Dodd is flat; Deng Zhengyan, Mo Mengyi. toxicity test and the test of pesticide effectiveness of several common insecticides to radish aphid. guangdong agricultural science, 1998; 1:47-49. " in a literary composition, the public can obtain from Plant Protection institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences.；
Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines): be recorded in " Li Changsong; Luo Ruiwu; Yang Chongliang; Shang Youfen; Zhao Jiuhua, Xin Xiangqi. soybean aphid biology and study on prevention. Soybean Science, 2000; 19 (4): 337-340. " in a literary composition, the public can obtain from Plant Protection institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences.；
Aphidius gifuensis (Aphidius gifuensis): be recorded in " Bi Zhangbao; Ji Zhengrui. aphidius gifuensis Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead biological study. Jouranl of Agricultural University of Hebei; 1993; 16 (2): 1-8. " in a literary composition, the public can obtain from Plant Protection institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences.
Expand numerous demand for satisfying, the conservation population that need set up above four kinds of aphids and aphidius gifuensis, the conservation environmental condition is: 28 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture RH65%～70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h.Regularly carry out rejuvenation from field acquisition original inhabitants population.
Wheat breed stone new 828: the wheat conventional variety, can buy from Beijing middle peasant hundred standing grain development in science and technology Co., Ltd business and obtain.
The comparative test that embodiment 1, different host expand numerous aphidius gifuensis
The present embodiment expands numerous aphidius gifuensis as the host respectively with cigarette aphid (Myzus persicae), greenbug (Schizaphisgraminum), radish aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) and soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), under identical conditions, utilize four kinds of different hosts to expand numerous parasitic wasp that obtains and carried out analyzing relatively in the difference of the aspects such as parasitic rate, eclosion rate, development duration, Individual Size and male and female sex ratio.
The indexs such as four kinds of hosts' age in days, Individual Size see table 1 for details
Table 1 four kinds of age in days and body sizes for the examination host
Annotate: show interior 4 kinds of aphids and all raise under 25 ± 1 ℃, relative moisture 70 ± 10%, illumination are the condition of 16h/d; Crop varieties is marked in the host plant back; In table, data are mean ± standard error; " body long " be the aphid forehead to the length of abdomen end, every kind of aphid is measured 20; " body is wide " is the width of aphid belly maximum, and every kind of aphid is measured 20.
One, four kinds of different hosts expand the parasitic rate of numerous aphidius gifuensis and the mensuration of eclosion rate under identical conditions
Test is completed in climatic cabinate, and condition setting is that 25 ℃, relative moisture 70%, illumination are 16h/d.Put into (9 * 9cm) nutritive cube with being connected to 50 plants for the examination host in table 1, and nutritive cube is placed in the glass infuser of the high 20cm of diameter 14cm, the aphidius gifuensis that accesses in a pair of (one male one is female for a pair of) emergence 24h becomes honeybee, removes into honeybee after 24h.Observe every day afterwards, record the stiff aphid quantity of aphidius gifuensis, sprouting wings honeybee quantity, and calculate parasitic rate, eclosion rate.Experiment repeats 3 times, repeats every kind at every turn and arranges 20 parallel group, results averaged for the examination host.
From connecing honeybee day, day by day add up eclosion rate and parasitic rate, statistics till the 25th day is as shown in table 2, as can be seen from the table, parasitic rate and the eclosion rate of aphidius gifuensis on the Hosts greenbug is respectively 27.6% and 87.2%, there is no significant difference with its parasitic rate and eclosion rate on natural host cigarette aphid.Because the radish aphid body surface is had the wax powder, the oopod of aphidius gifuensis is more difficult to be thrust and lays eggs, thus aphidius gifuensis to the parasitic rate of radish aphid significantly lower than it to cigarette aphid and greenbug, be only 1.87%.The parasitic rate of aphidius gifuensis on the Hosts soybean aphid is minimum, is 1.17%.Although aphidius gifuensis is very low to the parasitic rate of radish aphid and soybean aphid, its eclosion rate on four kinds of confession examination hosts is all more than 75%.
Parasitic rate and emergence situation that four kinds of confession examination hosts of table 2 connect after honeybee compare
Annotate: parasitic rate (%)=stiff aphid number/50 * 100; Eclosion rate (%)=sprouting wings an a honeybee number/stiff aphid number * 100; In table, data are mean ± standard error; Represent significant difference (p＜0.05, Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method) with the different English lower case of mark after column data.
Two, the mensuration of greenbug and the cigarette aphid two hosts aphidius gifuensis development duration of breeding under identical conditions
Test is completed in climatic cabinate, and condition setting is that 25 ℃, relative moisture 70%, illumination are 16h/d.The wheat of 50 greenbug will be connected to, and the rape that is connected to 50 cigarette aphids is put into respectively two nutritive cubes (9 * 9cm), and nutritive cube is placed in respectively the glass infuser of two high 20cm of diameter 14cm, each aphidius gifuensis that accesses in a pair of (one male one is female for a pair of) emergence 24h becomes honeybee, removes into honeybee after 24h.Observe every day afterwards, record the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis and sprout wings the date, and calculate the development duration of sprouting wings to stiff aphid from connecing honeybee.Experiment repeats 3 times, repeats every kind at every turn and arranges 20 parallel group, results averaged for the examination host.
The aphidius gifuensis queen bee 134 that greenbug breeds is investigated respectively in test, drone 107, and 145 of the aphidius gifuensis queen bees that breed of cigarette aphid, 116 of drones.The result demonstration, the aphidius gifuensis drone development duration that the cigarette aphid breeds is 11.66d, significantly is longer than the 11.03d of greenbug group; And the aphidius gifuensis queen bee development duration that greenbug breeds slightly extends than cigarette aphid group, is respectively 11.47d and 11.46d, but does not reach significant difference.See table 3 for details.
The comparison of the aphidius gifuensis development duration that two kinds of aphids of table 3 breed
Annotate: in table, data are mean ± standard error; Represent significant difference (p＜0.05, Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method) with the different English lower case of mark after column data.
Three, the comparison of greenbug and the cigarette aphid two hosts aphidius gifuensis Individual Size of breeding
Usually, the Individual Size of parasitic wasp is directly proportional to metapedes tibia length.This experiment represents the Individual Size of aphidius gifuensis with the length of metapedes tibia.With Olympus SZX10 stereomicroscope measure breed take greenbug as the host the 4th generation aphidius gifuensis become honeybee metapedes tibia length, female, drone is respectively measured 60, and with breed take the cigarette aphid as the host the 4th generation aphidius gifuensis become honeybee metapedes tibia length to compare.Experiment repeats 3 times, repeats every kind at every turn and arranges 20 parallel group, results averaged for the examination host.Wherein, utilize two different hosts breed the 4th generation aphidius gifuensis concrete operations as follows:
Test is completed in climatic cabinate, and condition setting is that 25 ℃, relative moisture 70%, illumination are 16h/d.The wheat of 50 greenbug will be connected to, and the rape that is connected to 50 cigarette aphids is put into respectively two nutritive cubes (9 * 9cm), and nutritive cube is placed in respectively the glass infuser of two high 20cm of diameter 14cm, each aphidius gifuensis that accesses in a pair of (one male one is female for a pair of) emergence 24h becomes honeybee, remove into honeybee after 24h, be cultured to the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis and sprout wings, obtain the 1st generation aphidius gifuensis.Select the aphidius gifuensis in a pair of (one male one is female for a pair of) emergence 24h to become honeybee from gained 1st generation aphidius gifuensis, carry out the next round inoculation, obtain the 2nd generation aphidius gifuensis.The rest may be inferred, finally obtain respectively the upper bred of Hosts (greenbug) and original host (cigarette aphid) the 4th generation aphidius gifuensis.
Result is as shown in table 4, and the 4th female, the drone metapedes tibia length of generation aphidius gifuensis of breeding take greenbug as the host is respectively 0.5543 and 0.5490mm; The aphidius gifuensis of breeding take the cigarette aphid as the host is female, drone metapedes tibia length is respectively 0.6452 and 0.5755mm.The aphidius gifuensis that the aphidius gifuensis that greenbug breeds is female, the metapedes tibia length of drone is all bred lower than the cigarette aphid, both significant difference.See Table 4.
The comparison of the aphidius gifuensis Individual Size that table 4 liang host breeds
Annotate: in table, data are mean ± standard error; Represent significant difference (p＜0.05, Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method) with the different English lower case of mark after column data.
Four, tieback test
Hosts (greenbug) bred that above-mentioned steps three is obtained the 4th generation the aphidius gifuensis tieback to its original host cigarette aphid.Test is completed in climatic cabinate, and condition setting is that 25 ℃, relative moisture 70%, illumination are 16h/d.The rape that is connected to 50 cigarette aphids is put into nutritive cube (9 * 9cm), and nutritive cube is placed in the glass infuser of the high 20cm of diameter 14cm, access Hosts (greenbug) bred in a pair of (one male one is female for a pair of) emergence 24h the 4th generation aphidius gifuensis become honeybee, remove into honeybee after 24h.Observe every day afterwards, add up the quantity of the stiff aphid number of aphidius gifuensis and filial generation queen bee, and calculate the female sex rate of eclosion rate, filial generation honeybee.The upper bred of original host (cigarette aphid) that obtains with above-mentioned step 3 simultaneously the 4th generation aphidius gifuensis in contrast.Experiment repeats 3 times, repeats every kind at every turn and arranges 20 parallel group, results averaged for the examination host.
Result is as shown in table 5, and as can be seen from the table, the offspring who produces after the parasitic greenbug of aphidius gifuensis also has higher parasitic rate to the cigarette aphid.The aphidius gifuensis that greenbug breeds is respectively 14.11%, 86.28% and 61.09% to parasitic rate, eclosion rate and the female sex rate of original host cigarette aphid, and the aphidius gifuensis of breeding with the cigarette aphid does not have significant difference.
The sneak case of the aphidius gifuensis that table 5 greenbug breeds to original host cigarette aphid
Annotate: parasitic rate (%)=stiff aphid number/50 * 100; Eclosion rate (%)=sprouting wings an a honeybee number/stiff aphid number * 100; Female sex rate (%)=queen bee number/sprouting wings honeybee number * 100; With different letter representation significant differences after column data (Chi-square Test, p=0.05).
The result of the test of comprehensive above step 1 to four, as seen with greenbug as the numerous host of the expansion of aphidius gifuensis, can satisfy aphidius gifuensis growth demand, expand numerous aphidius gifuensis that goes out, except build is smaller, in all many-sides such as important biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion index parasitic rate, eclosion rate, female sex rate, development duration, host selections, compare with natural host cigarette aphid, there is no significant difference, can satisfy natural enemy fully and expand numerous demand.
Embodiment 2, utilize greenbug to expand the method for numerous aphidius gifuensis
One, the cultivation of seedling
1, the seedling kind is selected
It is that stone is new 828 that seedling is selected wheat, kind, select color just, large, full, the regular shape of particle, homogeneous seed.
2, seedling is numerous soon
Quick propagating and cultivating condition: 27 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 65%～70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h.
1) vernalization sowing: the seedling fostering in the sealing isolation is indoor, put into vermiculite in the plastic casing of the high 30cm of being respectively of length and width * 20cm * 12cm, be about 2/3 of box volume, then wheat seed is sprinkled into (attention is sowed evenly) in vermiculite, cover at last one deck vermiculite (just not had wheat get final product) and with vermiculite wetting evenly (must guard against water can not be too much, prevents that wheat is rotten) on wheat seed.
2) fast numerous guarantee: cultivate 3d(will sow day be denoted as the 1st day) the wheat seedling height of seedling grows to approximately 2～3cm, and 3 true leaves expansion leaves are arranged, and namely can be used for next link.
Two, host's expansion is numerous
1, the host selects:
Select Hosts---the greenbug of aphidius gifuensis.
2, conservation is kept: i.e. the foundation of conservation population with keep.
Expand numerous demand for satisfying, need set up the conservation population of greenbug, the suitable conservation environmental condition of this population is: 28 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture RH65%～70%, photoperiod L: D=14h: 10h.Regularly carry out rejuvenation from field acquisition original inhabitants population.
3, inoculation
1) selection of inoculation time
Test material: wheat (new 828 kinds of stone), greenbug;
Test method: cultivate wheat in the nutritive cube of 6cm * 6cm, every alms bowl is educated wheat seeding 1 strain.In climatic cabinate (south of the River, Ningbo, RXZ-500C type), 28 ℃, relative moisture 70%, illumination being set is under the 14h/d condition, cultivates the greenbug of wheat and later stage access.Selecting vegetative period is that the wheat seedling of the different phase of 2-10 days is tested, respectively 10 aphids of access aphid in every alms bowl.Again through 7 days continuous culture, with aphid amount on counter measures wheat leaf.Repeat 60 times.
Result of the test: as shown in table 6, along with extend vegetative period, the number of blade increases, it is first in rising trend that the wheat complete stool is carried the aphid total amount, stage is stable remains on that to expand numerous efficient be the level of 1:16, namely 160 head/plants, illustrates to reach the aphid maximum rate of growth, even if there is unnecessary blade that nutrition is provided, can not promote aphis population quantity to increase.Carry aspect the aphid amount at average single leaf, having presented significantly first increases significantly downward trend again, and wheat seedling growth connect aphid in 3-4 days, can obtain maximum single leaf and carry the aphid amount.Consider production cost, raise the efficiency, can adopt 3-5 days (3-4 sheet true leaf launches leaf) access aphids at wheat growth in production, more satisfactory.
Table 6 connects aphid time test result
2) connect the selection of host's amount
Test material: wheat (new 828 kinds of stone), greenbug;
Test method: cultivate wheat in the nutritive cube of 6cm * 6cm, every alms bowl is educated wheat seeding 5 strains.In climatic cabinate (south of the River, Ningbo, RXZ-500C type), 28 ℃, relative moisture 70%, illumination being set is under the 14h/d condition, cultivates the greenbug of wheat and later stage access.After the 3rd true leaf of wheat fully launches (be 3d vegetative period), every alms bowl access aphid 10,20,40,60,80,100,120,150,200,300 aphids, again through 7 days continuous culture, with the aphid amount on fully extended 3 blades in the every strain wheat of counter measures top, and calculate and to connect aphid and expand numerous efficient (connect aphid and expand numerous efficient=connect at first borer population/aphid sum).Repeat 20 times.
Result of the test: connect aphid quantity screening test and be aphid quantitative statistics result on fully extended 3 true leaves in wheat top as data in table 7(table 7) as shown in, the aphid sum rises along with the increase that connects aphid quantity, but the later stage increasing degree is not remarkable, when connecing borer population and be 20/alms bowl (namely 4 head/plants), after the 7d continuous culture, 3 aphis population quantity of launching on true leaf can reach 480, and expanding numerous efficient is 1:24; When connecing borer population and be 40/alms bowl (namely 8 head/plants), after the 7d continuous culture, 3 aphis population quantity of launching on true leaf can reach 530, and expanding numerous efficient is 1:13; When connecing borer population and be 60/alms bowl (namely 12 head/plants), after the 7d continuous culture, 3 aphis population quantity of launching on true leaf maintain 530 left and right, and expanding numerous Efficiency Decreasing is 1:9; After this, connecing the borer population amount increases, although aphis population quantity is increasing, expands numerous efficient and significantly reduces.So, connecing the aphid number in production and be advisable with 4-12 head/plant, 3 aphid numbers that launch on true leaf of the individual plant after corresponding the cultivation are 96-108 head/plant.Because the aphid amount of carrying on fully extended 3 blades of canopy has only been counted in this experiment, in fact, after connecing aphid with 4-12 head/plant, the aphid amount of carrying on the complete stool blade is that the 140-170 head is (with the aphid amount on counter random measurement 2 strain wheats at this moment, thereby estimate aphid total amount on whole individual plant), on average 150 head/plants of left and right, reach the more excellent aphid amount of carrying, can satisfy Production requirement.
Table 7 connects aphid quantity and selects result of the test
Subsequently, use the plastic casing plantation wheat of 30cm * 20cm * 12cm, every box to educate wheat seeding 300 strains, carry out the pilot scale checking, confirmation (was to be vegetative period 3d the 3rd day seedling stage, 3 true leaves expansion leaves) connect aphid, press the every box access of the standard 1500-3000 head of 5-10 head/plant, all can obtain aphis population preferably, expand numerous efficient and Financial cost and all can accept.
4, batch expands numerous
Cultivate as stated above seedling, saturatedly connect worm at interval of 10d, with its batch production that realizes relay, satisfy the prevention and control requirement, guarantee Product supply.
Three, numerous honeybee
1, the suitableeest the determining of honeybee ratio that connect
Test material: wheat (new 828 kinds of stone), greenbug, aphidius gifuensis.
Test method: cultivate wheat in the nutritive cube of 6cm * 6cm, every alms bowl is educated wheat seeding 5 strains, and every 10 alms bowls are as district's group.In climatic cabinate (south of the River, Ningbo, RXZ-500C type), 28 ℃, relative moisture 70%, illumination being set is under the 14h/d condition, cultivates greenbug and the aphidius gifuensis of wheat and later stage access.after the 3rd true leaf of wheat seeding fully launches (be 3d vegetative period), 10 of every strain wheat seedling access aphids, again through 7 days continuous culture, this moment, aphis population quantity reached approximately 750/alms bowl, 7500/district group, the aphidius gifuensis queen bee that just sprouts wings is placed in mixed population 1d, after completing mating, press again 1:100, 1:150, 1:200, 1:250, 1:300, the honeybee aphid ratio access aphidius gifuensis queen bee of 1:350 (has been completed mating, healthy and strong and wait to lay eggs), namely distinguish 75 of every district group accesses, 50, 37, 30, 25, 21 queen bees (have been completed mating, healthy and strong and wait to lay eggs).Calculate the stiff aphid quantity of aphidius gifuensis after cultivating 5d.With the stiff aphid amount on counter random measurement 2 strain wheats, stiff aphid quantity on the estimation individual plant, and calculate single honeybee contribution rate.Repeat 3 times.
Result of the test: connect honeybee quantity result of the test such as table 8, therefrom visible with the increase that connects honeybee quantity, stiff aphid quantity is in rising trend and tend to be steady gradually, and single honeybee contribution rate is the downward trend again that first rises, when connecing the honeybee excessive number, stiff aphid number does not present remarkable increase.This be mainly due to aphidius gifuensis in the behavior of parasitic aphid, exist terebra to sound out process, generally will be through the repeated multiple times aphid terebra be selected, after judging that this aphid meets the filial generation nutritional need, just lay eggs in the aphid body, if aphidius gifuensis density is too high, terebra is frequent repeatedly to aphid, the mechanical damage that forms will cause more cigarette aphid dead, and the aphidius gifuensis of having laid eggs in this aphid body can not be completed growth course, has affected the formation of stiff aphid.From stiff aphid quantitative index, honeybee aphid ratio is between 1:150-250, and stiff aphid quantity maintains the level of 30-40 head/plant, reaches higher level; From the angle of single honeybee contribution rate, honeybee aphid ratio is the interval of 1:150-250, and single honeybee contribution rate maintains the higher level of the stiff aphid of 43-50 head.The comprehensive reality of producing when honeybee aphid ratio is 1:200, had both been brought into play the parasitic usefulness of parasitic wasp the best, and the stiff aphid quantity of formation is also maximum, is Utopian inoculation proportion.
The best inoculation proportion screening test of table 8 result
Note: every district group is totally 10 alms bowls, 50 strain wheat seedings.Single honeybee contribution rate=[stiff aphid sum (head/plant) * 50 strains/district's group]/connect honeybee number (head/district's group).
Result of comprehensive above each test, expands numerous aphidius gifuensis best of breed and be: be that the wheat seedling (3 true leaves launch leaf)+10 female greenbug to be laid eggs of every strain wheat seedling inoculation of 3d becomes aphid to cultivate 7d+ to connect the honeybee ratio and become honeybee for the female aphidius gifuensis to be laid eggs of 1:200 vegetative period.This combination can be saved numerous honeybee cost greatly, can promote large-scale breeding and even the commercialization production of aphidius gifuensis.
2, the breeding cycle determines
When the indoor propagation aphidius gifuensis, from plantation host plant wheat, inoculation host greenbug, inoculation aphidius gifuensis to becoming bee eclosion, the fastest 19d that only needs, average 22d.From the inoculation aphidius gifuensis to gathering in the crops into honeybee, whole numerous honeybee cycle is approximately 9-14d, and average 11d sees table 9 for details.In certain temperature range, aphidius gifuensis is along with rising shortening growth cycle of temperature, and therefore, the breeding cycle also can correspondingly shorten.
The table 9 aphidius gifuensis production cycle
| Production procedure | Time (my god) |
| Cultivate wheat seedling | 1-3 |
| The inoculation greenbug | 4-6 |
| The wheat seedling of cigarette aphid has been inoculated in management | 4-10 |
| The inoculation aphidius gifuensis | 11-15 |
| The growth of stiff aphid | 12-18 |
| Collect aphidius gifuensis and become honeybee | 19-24 |
Four, automatically collecting
The product-collecting technology can be divided into two classes by the difference of collecting the worm attitude: a class is for collecting stiff aphid, and a class is to be gathered into honeybee, takes respectively different collection methods.Owing to being gathered into the honeybee survival life-span short, be unfavorable for the storage of natural enemy insect product, packing, long distance transportation, also be not easy to the field and discharge, so the present invention provides the method for collecting for stiff aphid simultaneously.
The method of collecting stiff aphid (carrying out in 4-8 days) after connecing honeybee is simpler, also is convenient to make the pupa card.Method is to collect semiarid wheat leaf blade, insert in the tank that covers gauze, inundation 10～15 minutes, during light shaking, the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis can come off from blade, and floats on the upper strata, uses bamboo strainer to pull out and gets final product.The required time of the visual market of the stiff aphid of collection gained to the aphidius gifuensis product takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust temperature, to accelerate or the delayed development progress, controls the time that it turns into aphidius gifuensis.
As need, adult is collected, can utilize the aphidius gifuensis adult that the habit of assembling, becoming light is arranged upward, the stiff aphid that sprouts wings is soon inserted in small-sized cage together with wheat leaf blade, cage is inverted funnel-form, encloses with lighttight black cloth, and opening is left in the top.Before collecting, opening is tightened, inserted in the collection beehive, and in one of overhung incandescent lamp.After a large amount of adult eclosions, can open incandescent lamp, utilize aphidius gifuensis to become the phototaxis of honeybee, make it to be gathered in opening part, untie the opening of tightening in good time, aphidius gifuensis becomes honeybee automatically to enter the collection beehive.
Claims (10)
1. a method that expands numerous aphidius gifuensis, comprise the steps: to inoculate aphidius gifuensis queen bee to be laid eggs with the plant seedlings of greenbug, goes out honeybee and cultivate, and collects aphidius gifuensis, realizes expanding numerous.
2. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described method, the inoculation quantity of aphidius gifuensis queen bee described to be laid eggs and the ratio of described greenbug quantity are 1:150 to 1:250.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described plant seedlings is wheat seedling.
4. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-3 is characterized in that: in described method, described to go out the incubation time that honeybee cultivates be 4-14 days.
5. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described plant seedlings with greenbug satisfies following condition: on the described plant seedlings of every strain with 140-170 described greenbug.
6. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: in described method, described plant seedlings with greenbug is to obtain according to the method that comprises the steps: inoculate female greenbug to be laid eggs to plant seedlings and become aphid, inoculum density is that 4-12 female greenbug described to be laid eggs of the described plant seedlings inoculation of every strain becomes aphid, be cultured on the described plant seedlings of every strain with 140-170 greenbug, obtain described plant seedlings with greenbug.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: in described method, when inoculating described female greenbug wait laying eggs and becoming aphid, described plant seedlings is the wheat seedling of 3-4 sheet true leaf.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described methods is characterized in that: in described method, when inoculating described female wheat y-bend wait laying eggs and becoming aphid, described plant seedlings is the growth wheat seedling of 3-5 days; The described growth wheat seedling of 3-5 days is that wheat seed is after planting cultivated the wheat seedling that obtained in 3-5 days, is denoted as the 1st day the day of planting seed.
9. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-8 is characterized in that: in described method, described collection aphidius gifuensis is for collecting the stiff aphid of described aphidius gifuensis, or collects described aphidius gifuensis and become honeybee.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: the stiff aphid of the described aphidius gifuensis of described collection is following A; It is following B that the described aphidius gifuensis of described collection becomes honeybee:
A will soak in water 10-15 minute through the described described plant seedlings blade with stiff aphid that goes out after honeybee is cultivated, and the described stiff aphid of shaking simultaneously to come off, and collect described stiff aphid;
B is placed in the container of openend sealing with the described described plant seedlings blade with stiff aphid through going out after honeybee is cultivated, and described container is placed in the collection beehive, provide light above described collection beehive, after the stiff aphid of described aphidius gifuensis sprouts wings, open the opening of described container, utilize described aphidius gifuensis to become the phototaxis of honeybee, described aphidius gifuensis to become honeybee automatically to enter the collection beehive and complete collection.
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