CN102308738B - Method of replacing tobacco aphids and with cabbage aphids to reproduce tobacco aphidius gifuensis and prevent and control tobacco pests - Google Patents
Method of replacing tobacco aphids and with cabbage aphids to reproduce tobacco aphidius gifuensis and prevent and control tobacco pests Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of replacing tobacco aphids and with cabbage aphids to reproduce tobacco aphidius gifuensis and prevent and control tobacco pests. The method comprises the steps of: (1) cultivating one or more crops of rapes, cauliflowers, cabbages, radishes, green cabbages and Chinese cabbages as the host plants for cabbage aphids; 2) introducing the cabbage aphids to the host plants in the seedling stage so as to be reproduced; 3)introducing tobacco aphidius gifuensis to the host plants so as to be contacted with the cabbage aphids and allowing oviposition and reproduction of the gifuensis in the cabbage aphids to form mummified aphids; 4) transplanting the host plants with the mummified aphids in tobacco fields, or implementing the steps (1)-(3) within or adjacent to tobacco fields, so as to enable the gifuensis in the mummified aphids to grow into gifuensis and to fly over the tobacco fields to find tobacco aphids on tobacco plants to oviposit and be paretic therein, thereby causing mummification and death of the tobacco aphids. In the invention, conventional tobacco aphids are successfully replaced by the cabbage aphids as carriers for reproduction of tobacco aphidius gifuensis, achieving the aim of gifuensis reproduction and aphid killing on the premise of no harm to tobacco plants and no spread of aphid-transmitted diseases, increasing the gifuensis reproduction efficiency by 50% and the aphid killing efficiency by 30%-50% compared with the prior art, enhancing the level in prevention and control of flue-cured tobacco pests, guaranteeing the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves and reducing the gifuensis reproduction cost by over 50%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant protection technology that grows tobacco, cabbage aphid substitutes the method for cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid.
Background technology
The cigarette aphid belongs to Homoptera, and aphid section divides two kinds of winged viviparious female aphid and aptery viviparous females, is worldwide insect, and all there is distribution in each cigarette district.The cigarette aphid comprises two aspects of direct harm and indirect hazard to the harm of tobacco.Directly harm is meant, young aphid sucks cigarette strain juice, and influence the cigarette strain and grow normally, simultaneously, and the secretion honeydew, the pollution tobacco leaf brings out the harm that " coal " disease etc. is caused.Indirect hazard mainly is meant its communication media as the several diseases viral disease, causes the loss that tobacco is fallen ill and caused.After the cigarette strain is injured, poor growth, smoked sheet attenuation, low quality.Therefore, carry out the preventing and controlling of cigarette aphid, plant the cigarette benefit positive effect is arranged improving tobacco production and value amount and tobacco grower.
The cigarette aphid survives the winter in winter vegetable ground such as radish, rape, when the cigarette transplantation of seedlings to big field, the alatae in the vegetable plot just migrates in the cigarette strain, forms the high-incidence season in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May.
The method of preventing and treating of existing cigarette aphid mainly is the anti-system of the rational use of medicines and natural enemy.As;, field aphid density should begin control (generally before cigarette strain opening quotation) when reaching 100/strain; Spray for 1000 ~ 1200 times with 3000 ~ 5000 times of 50% Aphox wetting powders or 5% Imidacloprid missible oil, access times should be noted using by turns of medicament according to a situation arises in the field and decide; Prevent the drug-fast generation of cigarette aphid, reduce control efficiency.The anti-system of the natural enemy of cigarette aphid mainly is to utilize aphidius gifuensis to carry out parasitism to becoming aphid, and it is dead that aphid is ossify.Because the method for this natural enemy control does not have residue of pesticide, can guarantee the green quality of flue-cured tobacco, more and more receives people's attention.
But, the existing cigarette of breeding earlier aphid, the problem of throwing in the way of aphidius gifuensis again is that the cigarette aphid itself is an insect; Strain has direct harm to cigarette; Produce aphid biography virus simultaneously, begin that from the cocoon honeybee its parasitism is had 4 ~ 5 days time to ossifing, before aphid is ossify the cigarette strain is all being endangered.The breeding of cigarette aphid leans on the cigarette seedling to do host plant, and method is dull, and selection face is narrow, can receive the restriction of factors such as time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly will propose a kind of cabbage aphid to substitute the early harmful method of cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control tobacco; This method can not propagated aphid and pass virus disease; Aphid can not endanger the cigarette strain, and the cabbage aphid host plant is various, and numerous honeybee is efficiently convenient; The aphid better effects if of going out to the cigarette aphid overcomes the deficiency of prior art with this.
This cabbage aphid that the present invention proposes substitutes the method for cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control tobacco insect pest, it is characterized in that having the following steps:
(1) one or more crops in cultivation rape, cauliflower, wild cabbage, radish, green vegetables and the Chinese cabbage are as the host plant of cabbage aphid;
(2) cabbage aphid is connect the host plant breeding of being drawn seedling stage;
(3) aphidius gifuensis is introduced host plant and contact with cabbage aphid, breeding forms stiff aphid in the cabbage aphid body to let the cocoon honeybee lay eggs;
The host plant that (4) will have stiff aphid is transplanted in the tobacco land for growing field crops, or in the tobacco land for growing field crops or near enforcement (1) ~ (3) step, let cocoon honeybee ovum in the stiff aphid grow into the cocoon honeybee and fly into the tobacco land for growing field crops and seek the cigarette aphid ovipositing hosts in the cigarette strain, it is dead that the cigarette aphid is ossify.
The host plant in (1) step with rape for well.
The host plant in (1) step carries out in growing seedlings in booth or hut.And with floating seedlings mode seeding and seedling raising.
The aphid that connects in (2) step carries out when seedling has 3 ~ 4 true leaves.
The numerous honeybee of honeybee that connects in (3) step carries out when the aphid amount reaches 350 ~ 450/strain, and covers with 60 order fly nets, in case aphidius gifuensis is escaped, improves numerous honeybee efficient.
Growing seedlings of (1) step also can select near the convenient management of vega plot to carry out seeding and seedling raising; The aphid that connects in (2) step of this moment connects the numerous aphid of aphid when plant has 5 ~ 7 true leaves; Connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee after 10 ~ 15 days, and cover, in case natural enemy and the numerous honeybee of the numerous aphid of other insect intrusion effects with 60 order fly nets.
Numerous honeybee can concentrate on a place and carry out, and also can be distributed to vega as required and carry out, and per 20 mu of vegas are established 1 numerous honeybee point (about 5 square metres) during dispersion.
In the documents and materials, there is not the parasitic cabbage aphid of aphidius gifuensis and with the report of cabbage aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis.Discover that through the applicant under field conditions (factors), aphidius gifuensis is not liked parasitic cabbage aphid; But under less space and sealing condition, aphidius gifuensis but can effective parasitic cabbage aphid.The prerequisite of the aphis propagation viroses of plant is that aphid will be stung the suction host plant, through test repeatedly, cabbage aphid is received in the cigarette strain, and cabbage aphid can be fled from rapidly, has not a particle of the sign that will get the strain of food cigarette.So, also just do not exist cabbage aphid to propagate the problem of flue-cured tobacco virus disease.The aphidius gifuensis of breeding out with cabbage aphid equally can parasitic cigarette aphid, the no significant difference of breeding out with the cigarette aphid.This provides possibility for utilizing cabbage aphid to substitute cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis.
Cabbage aphid is worldwide insect, is distributed widely in all parts of the country, China's southern area whole year with parthenogenesis, do not have the phenomenon of obviously surviving the winter, year took place for 20 ~ 30 generations.In a large amount of numerous honeybee period, about 1 week just can be bred a generation, and on average singly female farrowing amount is 40 ~ 60.During the large scale artificial breeding,, just can breed a large amount of cabbage aphids in a short time, satisfy the needs of numerous honeybee as long as temperature is controlled in 30 ℃.It is easy that cabbage aphid hobby is got various vegetables cultivation management such as rape or cauliflower, wild cabbage, radish, green vegetables, the Chinese cabbage of food, best with the numerous honeybee effect of numerous aphid of ground planting rape, the more important thing is and do not propagate tobacco virus.
The numerous honeybee of Floating seedling both can be at the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth; Also can in hut is grown seedlings in the field, carry out,, utilize the nursery pond vacated behind the flue-cured tobacco transplanting and nutrient solution to carry out numerous honeybee and grow seedlings according to the time difference that flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating and numerous honeybee are grown seedlings; Not only utilize existing flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating facility, also realized twice laid; There is not links such as transplanting, cultivate plant, simple and convenient management, required manpower and materials are less.Honeybee is a large amount of to sprout wings only 45 days to becoming from seeding and seedling raising, every square metre can numerous honeybee 4 ~ 50,000, numerous honeybee expense is merely the half the of cigarette strain breeding bee method.
Near vega numerous honeybee not only have numerous honeybee efficient higher, continue honeybee, operational administrative is easy, numerous honeybee expense practices thrift 1/3 than cigarette strain breeding bee method.And it is convenient to put honeybee, is easy to large scale application.With the numerous honeybee of cabbage aphid, do not exist the biography aphid to pass malicious problem.Disperse numerous honeybee at vega, without removing to lift net, cover net early morning every day, management is got up much easier when putting honeybee.Simultaneously, residual cabbage aphid also can become the host of other natural enemy in the canopy, helps the increase of vega natural enemy quantity, and the characteristics of field hut breeding bee method have obtained fully playing.
The present invention proposed first with cabbage aphid replace existing cigarette aphid as the breeding aphidius gifuensis carrier and achieve success; Realized that to cigarette strain do not have harm, do not propagate aphid and pass the go out target of aphid of numerous honeybee under the disease prerequisite; Numerous honeybee efficient has improved 50% than prior art, and the aphid efficient of going out has improved 30% ~ 50%.Improve the level of preventing and treating of flue-cured tobacco insect pest, guaranteed the output and the quality of tobacco leaf.Numerous honeybee cost has reduced more than 50%.
Embodiment
According to such scheme, applicant unit is in October, 2010, in the local Milei County of applicant branch company's east wind triangle the base of growing seedlings experimentize, last 90 days.Whether propagate the test of tobacco virus through cabbage aphid; The screening of the numerous aphid efficient of different numerous aphid host plants; Host plant breeding method, cabbage aphid propagation technique and breeding aphidius gifuensis Study on Technology; The aphidius gifuensis of cabbage aphid breeding is to parasitic ability of cigarette aphid and the effect research of field control cigarette aphid; Form the technical scheme that the complete cabbage aphid of a cover substitutes cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid, reached and do not pass aphid and pass poison, improve numerous honeybee efficient, reduce numerous honeybee cost, improved the purpose of control efficiency.
(1) cabbage aphid is got the food flue-cured tobacco and is propagated tobacco virus test and result
The a large amount of cabbage aphids that to collect from the field are received on the flue-cured tobacco, and through observing, the discovery cabbage aphid can be fled from rapidly, does not get the sign of food cigarette strain; Again can not find cabbage aphid behind 24 h on the flue-cured tobacco, cabbage aphid can not be on flue-cured tobacco growth and breeding.Take over the flue-cured tobacco continued growth of cabbage aphid, also do not find for a long time that up to prosperous the cigarette strain has the tobacco virus disease symptoms.Promptly, can not exist the biography aphid to pass malicious problem with cabbage aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid.
(2) numerous aphid efficient experiment of different host plant and result
Select cabbage aphid to like the host plant of getting food according to data, as; Various vegetables such as rape, cauliflower, wild cabbage, radish, green vegetables, Chinese cabbage are carried out numerous aphid test as numerous aphid host plant.
Adopt the floating seedlings method to cultivate various host plants, on the host plant that cultivates, every strain connects 2 aphids, 30 repetitions, upgrowth situation and the aphid quantity of a plant of per 5 days observed and recordeds.
Seedling management is carried out in specification requirement with reference to floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, topdresses weekly once after connecing aphid, strengthens ventilatedly, notes sunshade, and numerous honeybee canopy temperature is controlled at below 30 ℃.
Numerous aphid effect of rape, cauliflower, wild cabbage is better, and numerous aphid effect of radish, green vegetables, Chinese cabbage is relatively poor.The numerous aphid amount difference that connects preceding 10 days rapes behind the aphid, cauliflower, wild cabbage is little, after 10 days numerous aphid amount of rape apparently higher than cauliflower, wild cabbage, its main cause be the high growth of rape rapidly, blade more (seeing table 1).
The numerous aphid efficient of table 1 different host plant
Annotate: the aphid number is the average detected number in the table, keeps the 2 significant digits decimal, so decimal point is arranged.
(3) numerous honeybee process of Floating seedling and result
Float dish with 162 holes and carry out the alternate row seeding rape, sowing 100 dishes, per 20 dishes are one group., seedling connects the numerous aphid of aphid (after planting about 20 days) when having 3 ~ 4 true leaves.Go out more cabbage aphid within a short period of time is numerous, will connect the aphid amount and rise to about 5 of every strain.Connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee after 10 days after connecing aphid, connect honeybee and measure by honeybee: aphid is calculated than 1:100.
Seedling management is carried out in specification requirement with reference to floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, topdresses weekly once after connecing aphid, strengthens ventilatedly, notes sunshade, and numerous honeybee canopy temperature is controlled at below 30 ℃.Cover with 60 purpose fly nets when numerous aphid, numerous honeybee and float dish.With aphid number on the plant of parallel sampling method sampling statistics 10% and stiff aphid number.
Numerous as stated above honeybee connects that 10 ~ 15 days aphid amounts can reach 350 ~ 450/strain behind the aphid, connect honeybee after 10 ~ 15 days stiff aphids form, become bee eclosion in a large number, connect behind the honeybee 15 days stiff aphid amounts reach 125/more than the strain.About 400 strains of can growing seedlings of every square metre of nursery pond, promptly numerous honeybee efficient reaches 50000/m
2More than (cigarette strain breeding bee method is 10000 ~ 20000/m
2).About 45 days of whole numerous honeybee cycle.
The numerous honeybee of Floating seedling both can be at the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth; Also can in hut is grown seedlings in the field, carry out,, utilize the nursery pond vacated behind the flue-cured tobacco transplanting and nutrient solution to carry out numerous honeybee and grow seedlings according to the time difference that flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating and numerous honeybee are grown seedlings; Not only utilize existing flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating facility, also realized twice laid; There is not links such as transplanting, cultivate plant, simple and convenient management, required manpower and materials are less.Through measuring and calculating, adopt this its expense of numerous bee technology to be merely the half the of cigarette strain breeding bee method.
(4) numerous honeybee process of hut and result
With reference to the specification requirement of rape field production, at whole ground, the vacant lot in the base of growing seedlings, fertilising, sowing, seeding row spacing 30cm * 30cm.Per 9 square metres one, totally 10.Every ground field planting 90 strains.Build numerous honeybee hut by two nets (60 an order) film requirement after the field planting.After planting 30 days, plant connect the numerous aphid of aphid when 5 ~ 7 true leaves are arranged, every strain connects about 20 of aphid.Connect aphid and connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee after 15 days, connect honeybee and measure by honeybee: aphid is calculated than 1:100.Use parallel sampling method behind numerous aphid, the numerous honeybee, every canopy extracts 10 strains, statistics aphid number and stiff aphid number.
Connect behind the aphid 15 days average aphid amounts reach 2800/more than the strain, connect honeybee after 10 ~ 15 days stiff aphids form, become bee eclosion in a large number.Connect behind the honeybee 15 days average stiff aphid amounts reach 1670/more than the strain, the 3750/strain of aphid amount average out to of living.Rape continued growth during numerous honeybee, cabbage aphid continues breeding, and stiff aphid constantly forms.Connect 3540/strain of 40 days stiff aphid amount average out to of accumulative total behind the honeybee, promptly numerous honeybee hut can numerous honeybee 318600, every square metre can 35400 of numerous honeybees (cigarette strain breeding bee method is 10000 ~ 20000/m
2).Numerous honeybee is after one month and since cabbage aphid get food, growth of rape is weak, the parasitism of aphidius gifuensis in addition, the aphid amount reduces rapidly, can finish numerous honeybee.Be about 70 days from seeding and seedling raising to whole numerous honeybee cycle that numerous honeybee is finished.
(5) put the honeybee cigarette aphid of going out
With cabbage aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid, owing to do not exist the biography aphid to pass malicious problem, both can be gathered into the honeybee bulk storage, also can collect stiff aphid seedling or stiff aphid leaf bulk storage, also can numerous honeybee hut be distributed to the numerous honeybee of vega, put honeybee.Then have the risk that passes aphid biography poison with cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis, it is safe that bulk storage becomes honeybee to be only.But it is dead to become honeybee to be prone to, very big to putting the honeybee influential effect.With the numerous honeybee of cabbage aphid, stiff aphid seedling of bulk storage or stiff aphid leaf not only can not pass aphid and pass poison, and stiff aphid is difficult for dead, sprouts wings gradually at vega, can play the effect of Sustainable Control cigarette aphid.Through comparative trial, the one-tenth honeybee of bulk storage cabbage aphid breeding is to the parasitic rate of cigarette aphid: what put honeybee 15 days is 72.38%, and what put honeybee 20 days is 86.12%, average out to 79.25%; The one-tenth honeybee of bulk storage cigarette aphid breeding is to the parasitic rate of cigarette aphid: what put honeybee 15 days is 74.13%, and what put honeybee 20 days is 82.57%, average out to 78.35%.Be the one-tenth honeybee of cabbage aphid breeding and the control efficiency basically identical of cigarette aphid breeding; With the numerous aphid of rape, numerous honeybee, the stiff aphid seedling of bulk storage is to the parasitic rate of cigarette aphid: what put honeybee 15 days is 83.24%, and what put honeybee 20 days is 92.41%, average out to 87.83%.The effect of the stiff aphid of bulk storage will be higher than bulk storage and become honeybee.Because numerous honeybee efficient of this method is higher, numerous honeybee cost is lower, is not increasing numerous honeybee and is putting under the prerequisite of honeybee expense, can strengthen to put the honeybee amount, and its control efficiency also can improve.
Claims (6)
1. a cabbage aphid substitutes the method that cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis is prevented and treated the tobacco insect pest, it is characterized in that having the following steps:
(1) one or more crops in cultivation rape, cauliflower, wild cabbage, radish, green vegetables and the Chinese cabbage are as the host plant of cabbage aphid;
(2) cabbage aphid is connect the host plant breeding of being drawn seedling stage;
(3) aphidius gifuensis is introduced host plant and contact with cabbage aphid, breeding forms stiff aphid in the cabbage aphid body to let the cocoon honeybee lay eggs;
The host plant that (4) will have stiff aphid is transplanted in the tobacco land for growing field crops, or in the tobacco land for growing field crops or near enforcement (1) ~ (3) step, let cocoon honeybee ovum in the stiff aphid grow into the cocoon honeybee and fly into the tobacco land for growing field crops and seek the cigarette aphid ovipositing hosts in the cigarette strain, it is dead that the cigarette aphid is ossify.
2. substitute the method for cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control tobacco insect pest according to the said cabbage aphid of claim 1, the host plant that it is characterized in that for (1) step is grown seedlings and in booth or hut, carries out, and with floating seedlings mode seeding and seedling raising.
3. substitute the method for cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control tobacco insect pest according to the said cabbage aphid of claim 1, it is characterized in that the aphid that connects in (2) step carries out when seedling has 3 ~ 4 true leaves.
4. substitute the method for cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control tobacco insect pest according to the said cabbage aphid of claim 1, it is characterized in that the numerous honeybee of honeybee that connects in (3) step carries out when the aphid amount reaches 350 ~ 450/strain, and cover with 60 order fly nets.
5. substitute the method for cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control tobacco insect pest according to the said cabbage aphid of claim 1; Seeding and seedling raising is carried out near the convenient management of the selection vega plot of growing seedlings that it is characterized in that for (1) step; The aphid that connects in (2) step connects the numerous aphid of aphid when plant has 5 ~ 7 true leaves; Connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee after 10 ~ 15 days, and cover with 60 order fly nets.
6. substitute the method for cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis control tobacco insect pest according to the said cabbage aphid of claim 1, it is characterized in that numerous honeybee concentrates on a place and carries out, or be distributed to vega and carry out.
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| CN103168751B (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2015-05-20 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Expanding propagation method for aphidius gifuensis ashmeads |
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| CN105475232B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2020-03-24 | 郑州正合化学制品有限公司 | Method for large-scale feeding and aphid control of aphidiidae |
| CN105145637A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-16 | 李素影 | Production process for plant compound immune product |
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| CN105613146B (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2019-02-22 | 浙江大学 | The plant of cabbage pests natural enemy supports system |
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