CN103749139B - The biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid - Google Patents
The biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749139B CN103749139B CN201410029645.8A CN201410029645A CN103749139B CN 103749139 B CN103749139 B CN 103749139B CN 201410029645 A CN201410029645 A CN 201410029645A CN 103749139 B CN103749139 B CN 103749139B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, tool of the present invention has the following advantages: 1, by discharging on previous crops crop rape, aphidius gifuensis is anti-to eliminate aphis, significantly reduce the insect population radix of the aphid in tobacco growing time, maintain the population quantity of aphidius gifuensis at vega simultaneously, when follow-up tobacco planting, be conducive to controlling the cigarette aphid on tobacco, its effect is better than the effect of chemical control cigarette aphid; 2, the present invention adopts the release mode being become honeybee to combine with aphidius gifuensis by the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis parasitism, and its preventive effect is better than discharging separately the effect that stiff aphid or aphidius gifuensis become honeybee; 3, the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid of the present invention, does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid, significantly reduces the use of chemicals, decrease the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agriculture and forestry insect, be specifically related to utilize aphidius gifuensis to prevent and treat the method for cigarette aphid in crop rotation vega.
Background technology
Cigarette aphid is subordinate to Homoptera (Homoptera) Aphidiadae (Aphididae) tumor aphid genus (Myzus), blazon to endanger serious polyphagy insect to crop all over the world, one of Ye Shi China Ge Yan district tobacco important pests, it not only draws tobacco plant nutrition, excretion honeydew, the direct seed output and quality affecting tobacco leaf, but also propagate multiple tobacco virus, causes multiple virus disease and other worm to pass the generation of tobacco diseases and popular.In the preventing and treating of cigarette aphid, people have carried out many-sided research, various control measure have application in the control of cigarette aphid, particularly a large amount of Long-Time Service of insecticide in chemical control, the pesticide resistance of cigarette aphid is caused to increase, natural enemy is difficult to survival under conventional field control dosage, add the residue of pesticide probability on tobacco leaf simultaneously, the pollution of planting cigarette environment is increased the weight of increasingly, be unfavorable for the sustainable development of tobacco.Therefore, in the control of cigarette aphid, adopt the biological prevention of environmental protection very urgent.
Aphidius gifuensis (Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead), belong to Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), Aphidiidae (Aphidiidae), aphidius (Aphidius), be distributed in east Asia Japan, Korea and Hawaiian Islands abroad; Domesticly being distributed in the provinces such as Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Yunnan, mainly in east China and cigarette district of southern each province, is the Dominant Natural Enemies of cigarette aphid.Aphidius gifuensis is except parasitic cigarette aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), all right parasitic vegetable aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), radish aphid Lipaphiserysimi (Kaltenbach), little English grain aphid Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius), cotten aphid Aphisgossypii Glover etc., 20% ~ 60% is generally to the natural parasitic rate of cigarette aphid, the highest reaches 89.16%, in the biological control of cigarette aphid significant and application on Be very effective.
Cigarette aphid host is wide, fertility strong, power of migrating is strong, harm is heavy, and in production, control exists following difficult point:
(1) use the impact of chemical pesticide on soil environment huge, cigarette aphid develops immunity to drugs and is difficult to control simultaneously.Tobacco is essentially by crop rotation method, and preceding crop uses agricultural chemicals also can affect the growing environment of tobacco, reduces quality of tobacco;
(2) on preceding crop, the generating capacity of aphid directly affects the insect population radix of aphid on tobacco, therefore very necessaryly prevents and treats the aphid on front stubble vernal crop diversity;
(3) vernal crop diversity area under cultivation is large, and aphid endangers greatly on vernal crop diversity, and the test of current aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid is confined to vega substantially, ignores the control efficiency of aphidius gifuensis to vernal crop diversity aphid.The present invention proposes based on an above-mentioned difficult problem and present situation just, pass through lot of experiments, find the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, the population quantity of cigarette aphid in remarkable reduction vega, reduce the use of chemicals, decrease the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the biological control method proposing a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, be specifically related to utilize aphidius gifuensis to prevent and treat the method for cigarette aphid in crop rotation vega, the rotation system of vega first plants rape, rear plantation tobacco, and whole crop rotation process does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid.
Technical scheme taked to achieve the object of the present invention is as follows:
A biological control method for crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of: plantation rape, controls the population quantity of cigarette aphid in rape, plantation tobacco, control vega cigarette aphid;
Described plantation rape comprises the following steps:
(1) broadcast front weeding: at rape seed first 20 days, weeding is carried out to land for growing field crops, pull out weeds in field by hand;
(2) rape seed: in mid-September then, sowing rape seed kind, every mu of seeding quantity 1 kilogram, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer during sowing, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.7;
(3) field management: control land for growing field crops water and fertilizer management, removes weeds in field in time by hand;
In described control rape, the population quantity of cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when Brassica Napus Seedling has 4-5 sheet true leaf, place the blade with stiff aphid in Rice-rape fields, place 500 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 3-4 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) when after placement stiff aphid 3-4 time, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 300/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 2-3 all;
Described plantation tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) gather in the crops rape: late April next year, the rape that results are ripe, remove the rape root of large Tanaka, weeds;
(2) heavy dressing base manure: potassium sulfate 14.5 kilograms, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate are used in large Tanaka every mu ground;
(3) tobacco is transplanted: heavy dressing base manure is after 10 days, to there is 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 cm is transplanted to land for growing field crops, the narrow strain plantation of wide row is carried out during transplanting, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, every mu of plantation 1100-1170 strain, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
Described control vega cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when after tobacco transplant to land for growing field crops, place the blade with stiff aphid in vega, place 500 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) after placing stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 500/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 2-3 week;
The kind of described tobacco is NC297, K326 or cloud and mist 87, and the kind of described rape is No. 1, rubine oil;
The biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid of the present invention, above-mentioned crop rotation process does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid;
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention finds in crop rotation vega, previous crops crop rape discharges aphidius gifuensis and prevents eliminating aphis, significantly reduce the insect population radix of the aphid in tobacco growing time.
2, the present invention adopts the release mode being become honeybee to combine with aphidius gifuensis by the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis parasitism, obtains excellent control efficiency.
3, the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid of the present invention, does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid, significantly reduces the use of chemicals, decrease the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment to further instruction of the present invention, the percentage in embodiment is weight ratio, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
1, material:
1.1 experimental field: Yuxi Ma Qiao scientific base, Yunnan Province vega;
1.2 test plants: No. 1, rape rubine oil, tobacco K326.
2, test method: process I, process II, process III, process IV, process V, process VI are established in test, and the size of all process vegas is wide 10 meters, and long 15 meters, 3 repetitions are established in each process; Test employing 10 point sampling, gets 5 strain tobaccos at often and investigates, calculate Rectifying efficacies according to the regulation in " pesticide field efficacy medicine test criterion ".
Process I:
(1) first 20 days of rape seed, carries out weeding to land for growing field crops, pulls out weeds in field by hand;
(2) rape seed: in mid-September then, sowing rape seed kind, every mu of seeding quantity 1 kilogram, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer during sowing, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.7;
(3) field management: control land for growing field crops water and fertilizer management, removes weeds in field in time by hand;
(4) when Brassica Napus Seedling has 4-5 sheet true leaf, place the blade with stiff aphid in Rice-rape fields, place 500 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 3 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(5) when after placement stiff aphid 3 times, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 300/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 2 weeks;
(6) gather in the crops rape: late April next year, the rape that results are ripe, remove the rape root of large Tanaka, weeds;
(7) heavy dressing base manure: potassium sulfate 14.5 kilograms, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate are used in large Tanaka every mu ground;
(8) tobacco is transplanted: heavy dressing base manure is after 10 days, and will have 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 cm is transplanted to land for growing field crops, the narrow strain plantation of wide row is carried out, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm during transplanting, spacing in the rows 50cm, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
(9) when after tobacco transplant to land for growing field crops, place the blade with stiff aphid in vega, place 500 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 2 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(10) after placing stiff aphid 2 times, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 500/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 2 weeks.
Process II:
Rape, tobacco do not use aphidius gifuensis to prevent and treat, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process III:
Rape, tobacco do not use aphidius gifuensis to prevent and treat, and use Imidacloprid 1: the 4000 times spraying control cigarette aphid of 20%, all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process IV:
Rape does not use aphidius gifuensis to prevent and treat, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process V:
V is for plant tobacco separately in process,
(1) heavy dressing base manure: when processing I heavy dressing base manure, process V also heavy dressing base manure, potassium sulfate 14.5 kilograms, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate are used in large Tanaka every mu ground;
(2) tobacco is transplanted: heavy dressing base manure is after 10 days, and will have 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 cm is transplanted to land for growing field crops, the narrow strain plantation of wide row is carried out, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm during transplanting, spacing in the rows 50cm, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
(3) when after tobacco transplant to land for growing field crops, place the blade with stiff aphid in vega, place 500 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 2 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(4) after placing stiff aphid 2 times, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 500/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 2 weeks.
Process VI:
Rape, Tobacco aphidius gifuensis are prevented and treated, and all use the control of stiff aphid, usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process VII:
Rape, Tobacco aphidius gifuensis are prevented and treated, and all use aphidius gifuensis to become honeybee, usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Note: in table 1, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 1 show:
1, by discharging on previous crops crop rape, aphidius gifuensis is anti-to eliminate aphis, significantly reduce the insect population radix of the aphid in tobacco growing time, maintain the population quantity of aphidius gifuensis at vega simultaneously, when follow-up tobacco planting, be conducive to controlling the cigarette aphid on tobacco, its effect is better than the effect of chemical control cigarette aphid.
2, the present invention adopts the release mode being become honeybee to combine with aphidius gifuensis by the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis parasitism, and its preventive effect is better than discharging separately the effect that stiff aphid or aphidius gifuensis become honeybee.
3, the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid of the present invention, does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid, significantly reduces the use of chemicals, decrease the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.
Claims (4)
1. a biological control method for crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of:
Plantation rape, controls the population quantity of cigarette aphid in rape, plantation tobacco, control vega cigarette aphid;
Described plantation rape comprises the following steps:
(1) broadcast front weeding: at rape seed first 20 days, weeding is carried out to land for growing field crops, pull out weeds in field by hand;
(2) rape seed: in mid-September then, sowing rape seed kind, every mu of seeding quantity 1 kilogram, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer during sowing, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1:0.5:0.7;
(3) field management: control land for growing field crops water and fertilizer management, removes weeds in field in time by hand;
In described control rape, the population quantity of cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when Brassica Napus Seedling has 4-5 sheet true leaf, place the blade with stiff aphid in Rice-rape fields, place 500 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 3-4 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) when after placement stiff aphid 3-4 time, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 300/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 2-3 all.
2. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plantation tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) gather in the crops rape: late April next year, the rape that results are ripe, remove the rape root of large Tanaka, weeds;
(2) heavy dressing base manure: potassium sulfate 14.5 kilograms, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate are used in large Tanaka every mu ground;
(3) tobacco is transplanted: heavy dressing base manure is after 10 days, and will have 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 cm is transplanted to land for growing field crops, the narrow strain plantation of wide row is carried out, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm during transplanting, spacing in the rows 50cm, every mu of plantation 1100-1170 strain, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting.
3. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described control vega cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when after tobacco transplant to land for growing field crops, place the blade with stiff aphid in vega, place 500 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) after placing stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 500/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 2-3 week.
4. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the kind of described tobacco is NC297, K326 or cloud and mist 87, and the kind of described rape is No. 1, rubine oil.
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| CN104126458B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-03-02 | 中山大学 | Dish aphid parasite vector plant system and construction method thereof |
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| CN105532327B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | A method of it reducing tobacco aphid and passes disease disease incidence |
| CN105724004B (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2018-07-31 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Method for preventing myzus persicae in three-stage mode during growth period of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106508516A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-03-22 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Method for controlling myzus persicae by pesticide in coordination with aphidius gifuensis |
| CN106852301A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-16 | 赣州市烟草科学研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out the method that aphidius gifuensis over wintering is bred using winter rape |
| CN108782097A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Vega insect society monitoring and evaluation method after a kind of release of aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed scale |
| CN111226729A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco-rape self-flow irrigation double-cropping planting method in southwest tobacco area |
| CN111226728A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco-rape double-cropping efficient planting method in northern cold-cold tobacco area |
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