CN105532327B - A method of it reducing tobacco aphid and passes disease disease incidence - Google Patents
A method of it reducing tobacco aphid and passes disease disease incidence Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532327B CN105532327B CN201610014676.5A CN201610014676A CN105532327B CN 105532327 B CN105532327 B CN 105532327B CN 201610014676 A CN201610014676 A CN 201610014676A CN 105532327 B CN105532327 B CN 105532327B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that reduction tobacco aphid passes disease disease incidence.This method is transplanted first 3~4 weeks using sunflower as aphid crop is lured in tobacco seedlings, by sunflower in 15~30 mu of tobacco field periphery plantations at the band of 2~3m wide.Start within sunflower plants 1 week after sprouting to spray killing aphids medicament, be sprayed 1 time every 2 weeks, but killing aphids medicament does not spray crop field tobacco.Aphis propagation virus infection can be limited or reduced using this method and directly endangers tobacco, it is substantially reduced tobacco aphid and passes disease disease incidence, chemical pesticide is reduced in the amount of application of tobacco field, and then reduces the persticide residue in tobacco leaf, and improves the economic benefit of tobacco production and value amount and tobacco grower's plant cigarette.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco plant protection technique fields, and in particular to a kind of side for reducing tobacco aphid and passing disease disease incidence
Method.
Background technique
Tobacco belongs to Solanaceae annual herb plant, is the important industrial crops in China.Virosis is current tobacco leaf production
In distinct issues the most, harm spread national each cigarette district, and has the tendency that being on the rise, and not only causes yield of tobacco
Heavy losses, and make quality of tobacco degradation, especially upper medium grade cigarette ratio and inherent quality are decreased obviously.Currently,
Virosis has gone up to restrict the Major Diseases of China's tobacco leaf production.Therefore, control virosis is extremely important for tobacco grower
's.So far, the fixed tobacco virus in China has 16 kinds, and endangering heavier virosis has tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)
(TMV), tobacco cucumber leaf disease (CMV), tobacco potato Y virus sick (PVY), tobacco vein mottle virus (TVMV), tobacco lose line
Virosis (TEV), tobacco potato X virosis (PVX), tobacco ring spot virus viral disease (TRSV), tobacco leaf curl disease viral disease (TLCV),
Tobacco streak virus disease (TSV), tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) etc..These diseases are prevented and treated in production using antivirotic
Viral disease, but produce little effect, and planting viral diseases kind should be most economical effective method, but produce the kind applied only
There are individual plants that there is TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) resistance, and generation and the TMV of the virosis such as PVY, CMV, TEV
Equally universal, disease incidence is also very high, but lacks resistant variety.Virosis is mostly arthropod-borne, and wherein aphid is virosis
Major transmitter, 16 known to China in virosis, have 9 kinds for aphis propagation, such as CMV, PVY, TVMV, TEV, TVBMV
Deng bringing about great losses to the production of tobacco.In addition, aphid also causes directly to endanger in the seedling stage of tobacco and field period to cigarette strain
Evil.After cigarette aphid feeding, tobacco leaf crispaturas, is thinning, and seriously killed plant strain growth is slowed by, and Yi Fasheng sooty mould is frangible after modulation
And lacking gloss, manufactured cigarette is bad, and flammability is poor, seriously affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.It is previous main using chemical
Insecticide carries out the prevention and treatment of aphid, and the phase occurs in aphid, and raising pesticide usage amount is usually taken in peasant, and increase sprays number, with
The quantity of aphid is reduced, but aphid is non-continuous biography poison, i.e., before aphid is killed in cigarette strain, releases the virus of carrying
It puts, therefore, limited to the effect for reducing virosis incidence although spraying chemical agent reduces Aphed population, Er Qiezao
At the remaining increase of pesticide in tobacco leaf, the safety of tobacco leaf is influenced, the sustainable development of tobacco leaf is hindered.Thus how not right
Influence of the aphid to tobacco is reduced in the case where tobacco spraying pesticide, is reduced tobacco virus disease incidence, is current tobacco leaf production
Upper problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method that reduction tobacco aphid passes disease disease incidence, can be limited or be reduced aphid using this method
Worm transmitted virus infects and directly endangers tobacco, hence it is evident that reduces tobacco aphid and passes disease disease incidence, reduces chemical pesticide in tobacco field
Amount of application, and then the persticide residue in tobacco leaf is reduced, and improve the economic benefit of tobacco production and value amount and tobacco grower's plant cigarette.
Technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
Using sunflower as aphid crop is lured, to limit or reduce aphis propagation virus infection and directly endanger tobacco, have
Body way is as follows:
(1) site preparation and fertilization and cigarette ridge: 30 days or so the site preparations before local conventional tobacco transplanting time, and it is raw by local tobacco
It produces fertilising and requires fertilising；Then cigarette district domain ridging is being planted, is covering mulch when soil moisture content is suitable for after ridging.
(2) program request sunflower: the width not ridging of 2~3m is reserved at the both ends and both sides of planting cigarette district domain respectively, but by ground
Face leveling, 3~4 weeks bunch planting sunflowers before local conventional tobacco transplanting time, 2~4, every cave, 3~5cm of depth of planting.Bunch planting
After cover mulch in time.
(3) tobacco seedlings transplanting and management: transplanting tobacco seedlings on the body of ridge in 3~4 weeks after sunflower program request, big in entire tobacco growing
The field phase, which does not spray, prevents eliminating aphis and virosis medicament, other field management measures are pressed local tobacco leaf production technical requirements and carried out.
(4) aphid on spray prevention and treatment sunflower: sunflower plants 1 week after sprouting starts to spray killing aphids chemical control
Aphid was sprayed 1 time every 2 weeks.Medical fluid wants even spraying in the front and back of sunflower blade when spray, is careful not to spray
On the tobacco of crop field.
The method of the invention, the Sunflower Varieties used can be conventional kind or miscellaneous of edible sunflower or oil sunflower
Kind is handed over, surrounding plants the tobacco field area requirements of sunflower at 30 mu hereinafter, generally with 15~30 mu than convenient.
The method of the invention, sunflower require to use film-covering planting.For convenience of management, plants cigarette district domain both ends sunflower and adopt
With wide-narrow row planting, the sum of big row and small line width are exactly cigarette strain line-spacing, and the sunflower on both sides can be used wide-and narrow-row or wait rows
Away from plantation, both ends and both sides sunflower planting row to cigarette strain row to consistent.Big 80~the 100cm of line width of wide-narrow row planting mode,
Small 30~60cm of line width, 40~60cm of spacing in the rows.Equal line-spacings planting patterns line-spacing is 50~75cm, 40~60cm of spacing in the rows.It plants close
The similar sunflower nonoculture density of degree, generally 1600~2600 plants/acre.
It further include sunflower field management measure after sunflower program request overlay film in the method for the present invention；The sunflower field
Management measure is the rupture of membranes thinning when 1 pair of true leaf occur in Sunflower Seedlings, and digs away from sunflower root basal part of stem 10cm or so place
Pitting fertilising, mu apply the ammonium nitrate of 12kg or so and the potassium sulfate of 35kg or so；Seedling occurs combining tillage and weeding when 2 pairs of true leaves
Final singling；It seals before ridge, carries out root ridging in conjunction with top dressing, impose the urea of 15kg or so and the potassium sulfate of 10kg or so per acre；
Wooden fork is smeared in time；Post flowering artificial supplementary pollination；Harvest in due course.
The method of the present invention is transplanted first 3~4 weeks, by sunflower 15~30 using sunflower as aphid crop is lured in tobacco seedlings
Plant the band at 2~3m wide in mu tobacco field periphery.The thus natural cover using sunflower as cigarette strain makes the aphid to migrate
Worm falls in piercing and sucking juice on sunflower first, and the virus for carrying it is released, so as to which aphid is greatly reduced to cigarette strain
Directly endanger and reduce its probability for propagating tobacco virus, and then reduce the aphids such as tobacco CMV, PVY, TVMV, TEV, TVBMV
Pass the incidence of disease.
The method of the present invention is suitable for the plant development of the tobaccos such as flue-cured tobacco, burley tobaccos, Maryland, place suncured tabacco.
Beneficial effect
(1) the method for the present invention does not carry out that spray is anti-to eliminate aphis and virosis to crop field cigarette strain, and carries out to sunflower plants
Spray is anti-to eliminate aphis.It not only can be reduced the Aphed population to migrate onto cigarette strain using this method, hence it is evident that reduce tobacco aphid and pass disease
Disease incidence can also reduce chemical pesticide in the amount of application of tobacco field, and then reduce the persticide residue in tobacco leaf, improve tobacco leaf peace
Quan Xing.
(2) aphid is lured using sunflower as aphid crop is lured and concentrates spray prevention and treatment aphid on sunflower by the method for the present invention
Worm, and then reduce tobacco field aphid and pass the chance that disease occurs, and antiviral agent and killing aphids medicament directly are sprayed in tobacco field in the past
It compares, not only significantly reduces tobacco field aphid and pass disease incidence, but also save drug cost and spray recruitment.
(3) it is also the industrial crops of high economic value that aphid crop sunflower itself is lured used by the method for the present invention, although
The area for planting cigarette plot is occupied, but if selecting high yield and high quality Sunflower Varieties as luring aphid crop and strengthen management and manually
Supple-mentary pollination can also obtain high economic well-being of workers and staff in terms of sunflower.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.It is following
Test method used in embodiment is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment one:
The tobacco field that Fang County, the area savage paddy town village Du Chuan selects 20 mu or so sizes, intermediate area are retransmitted in virosis within 2014
Sunflower is planted on the ecological region planting flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud and mist 87 that size is 15 mu, periphery, and tobacco field periphery sunflower strip width is 2m,
Using periphery do not have sunflower planting band close on tobacco field as control.Specific practice is:
The village Du Chuan height above sea level 850m or so, general transplanting time are on May 5~10.Accordingly, before transplanting within Yu Siyue 5th~10
30 days or so site preparations, and being applied purity nitrogen 3.9kg (i.e. mu apply nitrogen pool 70%) by mu, N P and K proportion be 1.0:1.2:2.0 into
Row fertilising, applies fertilizer special for tobacco 39kg (N:P2O5:K2O=10:12:20) per acre.Then cigarette district domain ridging is being planted, ridge body is high
Spend 25~30cm, furrow spacing (i.e. plant cigarette line-spacing) 120cm.Mulch is covered when soil moisture content is suitable for after ridging.May 6 is in ridge body
It is upper that tobacco seedlings, spacing in the rows 55cm are transplanted using well cellar formula.20 days after cultivation, fertilizer special for tobacco 16kg is imposed per acre.It takes off in film within 30 days after cultivation
Weeding ridging.Without aphid and virus disease control during entire fertility.The control tobacco field closed in fertilising, ridging, cover
Film, transplanting time and mode, top dressing, to take off film ridging etc. identical with experimental plot but anti-using normal chemical agent
Control that method is anti-to eliminate aphis and virosis.Experimental plot and control Tian Jun in the flowers are in blossom at the 50% the first centers put when disposably pinch, sprout inhibition
Agent sprout inhibition, maturation harvesting, is toasted using three-phase-drying for tobacco method.Investigate primary test tobacco field and control within every 10 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting
The disease incidence of tobacco field virosis.
The width not ridging of 2m is reserved at the both ends and both sides for planting cigarette district domain respectively, but ground is flattened, and plants sunflower.
The Sunflower Varieties used are tobacco grower from reserve seed for planting conventional kind of edible sunflower.April 15 (i.e. tobacco seedlings are transplanted first 3 weeks) artificial cave
It broadcasts, 2~4, every cave, 3~5cm of depth of planting.For convenience of field management, plants cigarette district domain both ends sunflower and uses wide-narrow row planting,
Big the sum of row and small line width are exactly cigarette strain line-spacing, big line width 80cm, small row 40cm, sunflower row to cigarette strain row to one
It causes, spacing in the rows 50cm, mu stays 2200 plants of seedling.Plant the sunflower row of cigarette district domain both sides plantation to also with cigarette strain row to consistent, using etc.
Line-spacing plantation, line-spacing 66cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, mu stay 1680 plants of seedling.Mulch is covered in time after sunflower bunch planting.Sunflower children
There is rupture of membranes thinning when 1 pair of true leaf in seedling, and away from the plane pitting fertilising of sunflower root basal part of stem 10cm or so place, mu applies ammonium nitrate
12kg, potassium sulfate 35kg；Seedling occurs combining tillage and weeding final singling when 2 pairs of true leaves；It seals before ridge, carries out root training in conjunction with top dressing
Soil imposes urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 10kg per acre.Wooden fork is smeared in time, and Post flowering artificial supplementary pollination harvests in due course.Sunflower is planted
Start within object 1 week after sprouting spray to prevent eliminating aphis, the medicament used is 1000-1500 times of 10% imidacloprid pulvis or 70% Amy
Happy 6000-7000 times of liquid, every 2 weeks spray 1 time, two kinds of medicaments are used alternatingly, even spraying sunflower blade front and
The back side, medication are careful not to be sprayed on the tobacco of crop field.
It tests tobacco field and compares investigation result (table 1) display of tobacco field virosis disease incidence, January after tobacco seedlings plant, surrounding
The tobacco field total virus infection rate for having sunflower is 2.7%, and compareing tobacco field is 11.7%.2 months after plant, around there is sunflower
Tobacco field total virus infection rate is 16.4%, and compareing tobacco field is 88.7%.Around there is the tobacco field of sunflower always sick March after plant
Malicious infection rate is 18.4%, and hereafter virosis incidence does not increase yet further, and compares tobacco field virosis disease incidence already
Reach 100% within 80 days after plant.This shows that tobacco virus disease incidence can be greatly reduced using the method for the present invention, into
And make tobacco leaf economic characters be improved significantly (table 2).
Table have around 1 2014 years sunflower tobacco field with compare the tobacco virus incidence of tobacco field
Have around table 2 sunflower tobacco field with compare the tobacco leaf Economic Characters of tobacco field
Embodiment two:
Continue within 2015 to test in virosis repeating transmission Fang County, the area savage paddy town village Du Chuan, but periphery plantation sunflower
Tobacco field area expands as 30 mu by 15 mu of embodiment one, and tobacco field periphery sunflower strip width is also expanded by the 2m of embodiment one
For 3m, tobacco field equally is closed on as control using what periphery did not had a sunflower planting band.Specific practice is:
April 5~10, site preparation, and applied purity nitrogen 3.9kg by mu, and N P and K proportion is that 1.0:1.2:2.0 applies fertilizer, per acre
It applies fertilizer special for tobacco 39kg (N:P2O5:K2O=10:12:20).Then plant cigarette district domain ridging, ridge body 25~30cm of height,
Furrow spacing 120cm.Mulch is covered when soil moisture content is suitable for after ridging.May 9 is on the body of ridge using the formula method for transplanting plant of well cellar
87 tobacco seedlings of flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud and mist, spacing in the rows 55cm.20 days after cultivation, fertilizer special for tobacco 16kg is imposed per acre.Take off within 30 days after cultivation film intertillage
Weeding ridging.Without aphid and virus disease control during entire fertility.The control tobacco field closed on fertilising, ridging, overlay film,
Transplanting time and mode, top dressing, take off film ridging etc. it is identical with experimental plot, but use normal Agro-chemicals control side
Method is anti-to eliminate aphis and virosis.Experimental plot and control Tian Jun in the flowers are in blossom at the 50% the first centers put when disposably pinch, Suckering agents suppression
Bud, maturation harvesting, is toasted using three-phase-drying for tobacco method.Investigate primary test tobacco field and control tobacco field within every 10 days after tobacco seedlings plant
The disease incidence of virosis.
The width not ridging of 3m is reserved at the both ends and both sides for planting cigarette district domain respectively, but ground is flattened, and plants sunflower.
The Sunflower Varieties used are tobacco grower from reserve seed for planting conventional kind of edible sunflower.April 11 (i.e. tobacco seedlings are transplanted first 4 weeks) artificial cave
It broadcasts, 2~4, every cave, 3~5cm of depth of planting.It plants cigarette district domain both ends sunflower and uses wide-narrow row planting, big line width 80cm, small row
40cm, sunflower row is to, to consistent, spacing in the rows 50cm, mu stays 2200 plants of seedling with cigarette strain row.Plant the sunflower of cigarette district domain both sides plantation
Row to also with cigarette strain row to consistent, using etc. line-spacings plant, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, mu stay 1850 plants of seedling.Sunflower bunch planting
After cover mulch in time.There is rupture of membranes thinning when 1 pair of true leaf in Sunflower Seedlings, and left away from sunflower root basal part of stem 10cm
Right place's plane pitting fertilising, mu apply ammonium nitrate 12kg, potassium sulfate 35kg；Seedling occurs combining tillage and weeding final singling when 2 pairs of true leaves；Envelope
Before ridge, root ridging is carried out in conjunction with top dressing, imposes urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 10kg per acre.Wooden fork is smeared in time, spends rear human assistance
Pollination harvests in due course.Start within sunflower plants 1 week after sprouting spray to prevent eliminating aphis, the medicament used is 10% imidacloprid powder
1000-1500 times of agent or the happy 6000-7000 times of liquid of 70% Amy sprayed 1 time every 2 weeks, and two kinds of medicaments are used alternatingly, and uniformly sprayed
In the front and back of sunflower leaf, medication is careful not to be sprayed on the tobacco of crop field mist.
It tests tobacco field and compares investigation result (table 3) display of tobacco field virosis disease incidence, January after tobacco seedlings plant, surrounding
The tobacco field total virus infection rate for having sunflower is 4.6%, and compareing tobacco field is 12.3%.2 months after plant, around there is sunflower
Tobacco field total virus infection rate is 20.4%, and compareing tobacco field is 91.9%.Around there is the tobacco field of sunflower always sick March after plant
Malicious infection rate is 27.6%, and hereafter virosis incidence does not increase yet further, and compares tobacco field virosis disease incidence already
Reach 100% within 70 days after plant.This, which is again showed that, can be greatly reduced tobacco virus morbidity using the method for the present invention
Rate, so make tobacco leaf economic characters be improved significantly (table 4).
Table have around 3 2015 years sunflower tobacco field with compare the tobacco virus incidence of tobacco field
Have around table 4 sunflower tobacco field with compare the tobacco leaf Economic Characters of tobacco field
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for reducing tobacco aphid and passing disease disease incidence, it is characterised in that: transplanted first 3~4 weeks in tobacco seedlings, by sunflower
The band at 2~3m wide is planted on tobacco field periphery, specific as follows:
(1) site preparation and fertilization and cigarette ridge: 30 days or so the site preparations before conventional tobacco transplanting time, and applied by tobacco leaf production fertilising requirement
Fertilizer；Then cigarette district domain ridging is being planted, is covering mulch when soil moisture content is suitable for after ridging；
(2) program request sunflower: the width not ridging of 2~3m is reserved at the both ends and both sides of planting cigarette district domain respectively, but ground is whole
It is flat, 3~4 weeks bunch planting sunflowers before conventional tobacco transplanting time, 2~4,3~5cm of depth of planting, every cave, after bunch planting and
When cover mulch；
(3) tobacco seedlings transplanting and management: tobacco seedlings are transplanted on the body of ridge within 3~4 weeks after sunflower program request, in entire tobacco growing field period
It does not spray and prevents eliminating aphis and virosis medicament, other field management measures are pressed local tobacco leaf production technical requirements and carried out；
(4) aphid on spray prevention and treatment sunflower: sunflower plants 1 week after sprouting starts to spray killing aphids chemical control aphid
Worm, medical fluid wants even spraying in the front and back of sunflower blade when sprinkling in 2 weeks 1 time, spray, not be sprayed at crop field
On tobacco；
The Sunflower Varieties are conventional kind or cenospecies of edible sunflower or oil sunflower, and surrounding plants sunflower
Tobacco field area requirements are at 15~30 mu；
The sunflower requires to use film-covering planting, plants cigarette district domain both ends sunflower and uses wide-narrow row planting, big row and small line width
The sum of degree exactly cigarette strain line-spacing, the sunflower on both sides using wide-and narrow-row or wait line-spacings to plant, both ends and both sides sunflower planting
Row to cigarette strain row to consistent；Wide-narrow row planting mode big 80~100cm of line width, small 30~60cm of line width, 40~60cm of spacing in the rows；
Equal line-spacings planting patterns line-spacing is 50~75cm, 40~60cm of spacing in the rows；Planting density is similar to sunflower nonoculture density, generally
1600~2600 plants/acre；
The sunflower field management measure is the rupture of membranes thinning when 1 pair of true leaf occur in Sunflower Seedlings, and away from sunflower root
Pitting fertilising is dug at basal part of stem 10cm or so place, and mu applies the ammonium nitrate of 12kg or so and the potassium sulfate of 35kg or so；Seedling occurs 2 pairs
Tillage and weeding final singling is combined when true leaf；Seal ridge before, in conjunction with top dressing carry out root ridging, impose per acre 15kg or so urea and
The potassium sulfate of 10kg or so；Wooden fork is smeared in time；Post flowering artificial supplementary pollination；Harvest in due course.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that for reducing tobacco CMV, PVY, TVMV, TEV, TVBMV aphid biography
The incidence of disease.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be suitable for flue-cured tobacco, burley tobaccos, Maryland, place suncured tabacco cigarette
The plant development of grass.
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| CN109984003A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-09 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tobacco field phanerogam landscape layout ecology pest controlling method |
| CN110122249A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-16 | 潍坊市烟草专卖局 | A kind of insect pest control method of tobacco field |
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