CN103749139A - Biological control method of crop-rotation tobacco field myzus persicae - Google Patents
Biological control method of crop-rotation tobacco field myzus persicae Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749139A CN103749139A CN201410029645.8A CN201410029645A CN103749139A CN 103749139 A CN103749139 A CN 103749139A CN 201410029645 A CN201410029645 A CN 201410029645A CN 103749139 A CN103749139 A CN 103749139A
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- aphid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological control method of crop-rotation tobacco field myzus persicae. The method has the following advantages that aphids are prevented through releasing aphidius gifuensis ashmead on oilseed rape of a preceding crop, the initial number of the aphids is obviously reduced in the growing period of tobaccos, meanwhile, the population quantity of the aphidius gifuensis ashmead is maintained in a tobacco field, the myzus persicae on the tobaccos is beneficially controlled during planting of following tobaccos, and the effect is better than a myzus persicae chemical control effect; a releasing mode that non-mummified alates where parasite aphidius gifuensis ashmead lives are combined with adult ashmead of the aphidius gifuensis ashmead is adopted, and the prevention effect is better than the effect that the non-mummified alates or the adult ashmead of the aphidius gifuensis ashmead is separately released; according to the biological control method, myzus persicae prevention does not need pesticides, use amount of chemical drugs is greatly reduced, influences of the chemical drugs on tobacco leaves are reduced and pollution to the environment is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the biological prevention field of agriculture and forestry insect, be specifically related to utilize the method for cigarette aphid in aphidius gifuensis control crop rotation vega.
Background technology
Cigarette aphid is subordinate to Homoptera (Homoptera) Aphidiadae (Aphididae) tumor aphid genus (Myzus), to blazon all over the world crop to endanger serious polyphagy insect, one of Ye Shi China Ge Yan district tobacco important pests, it not only draws tobacco plant nutrition, excretion honeydew, directly affect output and the quality of tobacco leaf, but also propagate multiple tobacco virus, cause that multiple virus disease and other worm pass the generation of tobacco diseases and popular.Aspect the preventing and treating of cigarette aphid, people have carried out many-sided research, various control measure have application in the control of cigarette aphid, particularly a large amount of long-term use of insecticide in chemical control, cause the pesticide resistance of cigarette aphid to increase, natural enemy is difficult to survival under conventional field control dosage, increase the residue of pesticide probability on tobacco leaf simultaneously, the pollution of planting cigarette environment has been increased the weight of increasingly, be unfavorable for the sustainable development of tobacco.Therefore, in the control of cigarette aphid, adopt the biological prevention of environmental protection very urgent.
Aphidius gifuensis (Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead), belong to Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), Aphidiidae (Aphidiidae), aphidius (Aphidius), be distributed in east Asia Japan, Korea and Hawaiian Islands abroad; The domestic provinces such as Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Yunnan that are distributed in, mainly in east China and cigarette district, southern each province, are the Dominant Natural Enemies of cigarette aphid.Aphidius gifuensis is except parasitic cigarette aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), all right parasitic vegetable aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), radish aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), wheat Macrosiphus spp Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius), cotten aphid Aphis gossypii Glover etc., natural parasitic rate to cigarette aphid is generally 20%～60%, the highest reaches 89.16%, in the biological control of cigarette aphid significant and application on effect remarkable.
Cigarette aphid host is wide, fertility strong, the power of migrating is strong, harm is heavy, and in production, control exists following difficult point:
(1) use chemical pesticide huge on the impact of soil environment, cigarette aphid develops immunity to drugs and is difficult to control simultaneously.Tobacco passes through crop rotation method substantially, and preceding crop is used agricultural chemicals also can affect the growing environment of tobacco, reduces quality of tobacco;
(2) on preceding crop, the generating capacity of aphid directly affects the insect population radix of aphid on tobacco, therefore very necessary aphid on the little spring sown crop of front stubble is prevented and treated;
(3) crop genetics in late autumn area is large, and aphid endangers greatly on little spring sown crop, and the test of the cigarette of aphidius gifuensis control at present aphid is confined to vega substantially, has ignored the control efficiency of aphidius gifuensis to crop aphid in late autumn.The present invention proposes based on an above-mentioned difficult problem and present situation just, pass through lot of experiments, find the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, significantly reduce the population quantity of cigarette aphid in vega, reduce the use of chemicals, reduce the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, reduced the pollution to environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, be specifically related to utilize the method for cigarette aphid in aphidius gifuensis control crop rotation vega, the rotation system of vega is first to plant rape, rear plantation tobacco, and whole crop rotation process does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid.
The technical scheme taked is to achieve the object of the present invention as follows:
A biological control method for crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of: plantation rape, the population quantity of cigarette aphid in control rape, plantation tobacco, control vega cigarette aphid;
Described plantation rape comprises the following steps:
(1) broadcast front weeding: at rape seed first 20 days, weeding is carried out in land for growing field crops, pull out by hand weeds in field;
(2) rape seed: in mid-September then, sowing rape seed kind, 1 kilogram of every mu of seeding quantity, spreads fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer during sowing, and wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.7;
(3) field management: control land for growing field crops water and fertilizer management, in time the manual weeds in field of removing;
In described control rape, the population quantity of cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when Brassica Napus Seedling has 4-5 sheet true leaf, in rape ground, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 500 stiff aphid/mus, continue 3-4 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) when placing after stiff aphid 3-4 time, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 300/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, lasting 2-3 week;
Described plantation tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) results rape: late April next year, gather in the crops ripe rape, remove large Tanaka's rape root, weeds;
(2) heavy dressing base manure: large Tanaka uses 14.5 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate in every mu of ground;
(3) transplant tobacco: heavy dressing base manure is after 10 days, 6-7 sheet leaf will be there is in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 centimetres of left and right is transplanted to land for growing field crops, during transplanting, carry out the narrow strain plantation of wide row, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, every mu of plantation 1100-1170 strain, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
Described control vega cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when tobacco transplant is behind land for growing field crops, in vega, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 500 stiff aphid/mus, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) place after stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 500/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 2-3 week;
The kind of described tobacco is NC297, K326 or cloud and mist 87, and the kind of described rape is No. 1, rubine oil;
The biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid of the present invention, above-mentioned crop rotation process does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid;
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention finds in crop rotation vega, discharges aphidius gifuensis and prevent eliminating aphis on previous crops crop rape, has significantly reduced the insect population radix of the aphid in tobacco growing time.
2, the present invention adopts the release mode that is become honeybee combination by the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis parasitism with aphidius gifuensis, has obtained excellent control efficiency.
3, the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid of the present invention, does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid, has greatly reduced the use of chemicals, has reduced the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, has reduced the pollution to environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to further instruction of the present invention, the percentage in embodiment is weight ratio, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
1, material:
1.1 experimental field: Yuxi Ma Qiao scientific base, Yunnan Province vega;
1.2 test plants: No. 1, rape rubine oil, tobacco K326.
2, test method: test is established and processed I, processes II, processes III, processes IV, processes V, processes VI, and the size of all processing vegas is wide 10 meters, and long 15 meters, 3 repetitions are established in each processing; Test adopts 10 point samplings, gets 5 strain tobaccos at every and investigates, according to the regulation calculation correction preventive effect in < < pesticide field efficacy medicine test criterion > >.
Process I:
(1) first 20 days of rape seed, carries out weeding to land for growing field crops, pulls out by hand weeds in field;
(2) rape seed: in mid-September then, sowing rape seed kind, 1 kilogram of every mu of seeding quantity, spreads fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer during sowing, and wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.7;
(3) field management: control land for growing field crops water and fertilizer management, in time the manual weeds in field of removing;
(4) when Brassica Napus Seedling has 4-5 sheet true leaf, in rape ground, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 500 stiff aphid/mus, continue 3 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(5) when placing after stiff aphid 3 times, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 300/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 2 weeks;
(6) results rape: late April next year, gather in the crops ripe rape, remove large Tanaka's rape root, weeds;
(7) heavy dressing base manure: large Tanaka uses 14.5 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate in every mu of ground;
(8) transplant tobacco: heavy dressing base manure, after 10 days, will have 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 centimetres of left and right is transplanted to land for growing field crops, during transplanting, carry out the narrow strain plantation of wide row, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
(9) when tobacco transplant is behind land for growing field crops, in vega, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 500 stiff aphid/mus, continue 2 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(10) place after stiff aphid 2 times, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 500/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 2 weeks.
Process II:
Rape, tobacco are not used aphidius gifuensis control, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process III:
Rape, tobacco are not used aphidius gifuensis control, use 1: 4000 times of spraying control cigarette aphid of Imidacloprid of 20%, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process IV:
Rape is not used aphidius gifuensis control, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process V:
Processing V is to plant separately tobacco,
(1) heavy dressing base manure: when processing I heavy dressing base manure, process also heavy dressing base manure of V, large Tanaka uses 14.5 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate in every mu of ground;
(2) transplant tobacco: heavy dressing base manure, after 10 days, will have 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 centimetres of left and right is transplanted to land for growing field crops, during transplanting, carry out the narrow strain plantation of wide row, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
(3) when tobacco transplant is behind land for growing field crops, in vega, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 500 stiff aphid/mus, continue 2 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(4) place after stiff aphid 2 times, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 500/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 2 weeks.
Process VI:
Rape, the control of Tobacco using aphidius gifuensis, all used stiff aphid control, and usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process VII:
Rape, the control of Tobacco using aphidius gifuensis, all used aphidius gifuensis to become honeybee, and usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Note: in table 1, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 1 show:
1, by discharging on previous crops crop rape, aphidius gifuensis is anti-to eliminate aphis, significantly reduced the insect population radix of the aphid in tobacco growing time, at vega, kept the population quantity of aphidius gifuensis simultaneously, when follow-up tobacco planting, be conducive to control the cigarette aphid on tobacco, its effect is better than the effect of chemical control cigarette aphid.
2, the present invention adopts the effect that is become the release mode of honeybee combination, its preventive effect to be better than discharging stiff aphid or aphidius gifuensis separately to become honeybee by the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis parasitism with aphidius gifuensis.
3, the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid of the present invention, does not need to use pesticide control cigarette aphid, has greatly reduced the use of chemicals, has reduced the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, has reduced the pollution to environment.
Claims (6)
1. a biological control method for crop rotation vega cigarette aphid, is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of:
Plantation rape, the population quantity of cigarette aphid in control rape, plantation tobacco, control vega cigarette aphid.
2. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plantation rape comprises the following steps:
(1) broadcast front weeding: at rape seed first 20 days, weeding is carried out in land for growing field crops, pull out by hand weeds in field;
(2) rape seed: in mid-September then, sowing rape seed kind, 1 kilogram of every mu of seeding quantity, spreads fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer during sowing, and wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.7;
(3) field management: control land for growing field crops water and fertilizer management, in time the manual weeds in field of removing.
3. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described control rape, the population quantity of cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when Brassica Napus Seedling has 4-5 sheet true leaf, in rape ground, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 500 stiff aphid/mus, continue 3-4 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) when placing after stiff aphid 3-4 time, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 300/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, lasting 2-3 week.
4. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described plantation tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) results rape: late April next year, gather in the crops ripe rape, remove large Tanaka's rape root, weeds;
(2) heavy dressing base manure: large Tanaka uses 14.5 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 32 kilograms, potassium nitrate, 9 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate in every mu of ground;
(3) transplant tobacco: heavy dressing base manure is after 10 days, 6-7 sheet leaf will be there is in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 centimetres of left and right is transplanted to land for growing field crops, during transplanting, carry out the narrow strain plantation of wide row, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, every mu of plantation 1100-1170 strain, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting.
5. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described control vega cigarette aphid comprises the following steps:
(1) when tobacco transplant is behind land for growing field crops, in vega, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 500 stiff aphid/mus, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) place after stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 500/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 2-3 week.
6. the biological control method of a kind of crop rotation vega cigarette aphid according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the kind of described tobacco is NC297, K326 or cloud and mist 87, and the kind of described rape is No. 1, rubine oil.
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| CN104126458A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-11-05 | 中山大学 | Diaeretiella rapae curtis carrier plant system and construction method thereof |
| CN104472284A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-01 | 黔西南州烟草公司兴义市分公司 | Method of controlling aphids by intercropping vegetables among tobacco plants to breed Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead |
| CN105532327A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Method for reducing incidence of tobacco aphid-transmitted diseases |
| CN105724004A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-07-06 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Flue-cured tobacco growth period three-segment type myzus persicae prevention and control method |
| CN106508516A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-03-22 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Method for controlling myzus persicae by pesticide in coordination with aphidius gifuensis |
| CN106852301A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-16 | 赣州市烟草科学研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out the method that aphidius gifuensis over wintering is bred using winter rape |
| CN108782097A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Vega insect society monitoring and evaluation method after a kind of release of aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed scale |
| CN111226728A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco-rape double-cropping efficient planting method in northern cold-cold tobacco area |
| CN111226729A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco-rape self-flow irrigation double-cropping planting method in southwest tobacco area |
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| CN103960092B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2015-09-16 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls |
| CN103960092A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-08-06 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Three-dimensional biological control method for plant diseases and insect pests of tobacco planting |
| CN104126458A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-11-05 | 中山大学 | Diaeretiella rapae curtis carrier plant system and construction method thereof |
| CN104126458B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-03-02 | 中山大学 | Dish aphid parasite vector plant system and construction method thereof |
| CN104472284A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-01 | 黔西南州烟草公司兴义市分公司 | Method of controlling aphids by intercropping vegetables among tobacco plants to breed Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead |
| CN105532327B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | A method of it reducing tobacco aphid and passes disease disease incidence |
| CN105532327A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Method for reducing incidence of tobacco aphid-transmitted diseases |
| CN105724004A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-07-06 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Flue-cured tobacco growth period three-segment type myzus persicae prevention and control method |
| CN105724004B (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2018-07-31 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | A kind of method of flue-cured tobacco breeding time three-stage prevention cigarette aphid |
| CN106508516A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-03-22 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Method for controlling myzus persicae by pesticide in coordination with aphidius gifuensis |
| CN106852301A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-16 | 赣州市烟草科学研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out the method that aphidius gifuensis over wintering is bred using winter rape |
| CN108782097A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Vega insect society monitoring and evaluation method after a kind of release of aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed scale |
| CN111226728A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco-rape double-cropping efficient planting method in northern cold-cold tobacco area |
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