CN103814638A - Multilayer cultivation method and cultivation cutter for rice and wheat planting - Google Patents
Multilayer cultivation method and cultivation cutter for rice and wheat planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814638A CN103814638A CN201410052198.8A CN201410052198A CN103814638A CN 103814638 A CN103814638 A CN 103814638A CN 201410052198 A CN201410052198 A CN 201410052198A CN 103814638 A CN103814638 A CN 103814638A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multilayer cultivation method and a cultivation cutter for rice and wheat planting. The multilayer cultivation method includes steps of (1), forming a plurality of deep cultivation layers on a cultivated land by means of rotary cultivation by the aid of rotary cultivation equipment, forming inter-cultivation layers on two sides of each deep cultivation layer on the cultivated land by means of rotary cultivation by the aid of the rotary cultivation equipment, and forming seed covering layers on two sides of each inter-cultivation layer on the cultivated land by means of rotary cultivation by the aid of the rotary cultivation equipment; (2), sowing seeds on the seed covering layers when barley, wheat, highland barley and paddy rice are planted. The depth of each inter-cultivation layer is smaller than that of each deep cultivation layer. The depth of each seed covering layer is smaller than that of each inter-cultivation layer. The multilayer cultivation method and the cultivation cutter have the advantages that deep cultivation, inter-cultivation and shallow planting are combined with one another, deep cultivation is carried out step by step, sustainable development can be implemented, a positive comprehensive deep-layer soil loosening effect can be realized, the purpose of increasing both production and income can be achieved, consumption and emission can be reduced, and agricultural workers can be reduced; the multilayer cultivation method and the cultivation cutter are favorable for striving for farming seasons and earth's seasons, and positive timely seed sowing, pressure reducing and soil moisture preserving effects can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one for wheat, barley and highland barley, direct sowing on dry paddy field planting technology, the multilayer methods of cultivation and farming cutter that specifically a kind of rice wheat seeds are planted, belong to agricultural planting technique field.
Background technology
Existing wheat, barley and highland barley plantation has adopted shallow, no-tillage technology, has reduced widely the rural labor intensity of autumn harvesting and sowing; Paddy rice also adopts direct-sowing dry planting patterns, along with the development of agricultural machinery, carrying out rotary tillage with large sized tractor ploughs, harrow a field, rice transplanting, also make the rural labor intensity of summer harvesting and sowing alleviate widely, the meanwhile plantation of existing wheat, barley and highland barley, direct sowing on dry paddy field and farming also produced some new problems:
1, agricultural cost up; Direct-sowing dry, with every mu of 100 yuan of left and right of large sized tractor cultivated land, is used small tractor strike-on, lid every mu of 100 yuan of left and right of seed expense, and with agricultural machinery cultivated land, machine harrows a field, and transplanting is wanted every mu of 400 yuan of left and right.
2, emergence rate is low, and transplanting is rare; Because the degree of depth of the dark rotary tillage of large sized tractor is about 130mm, seed is broadcast in ground, though through small tractor strike-on, seed still can be dark because beginning, and only have the seed sprouting of 40% left and right; Transplanting is because of the restriction of rice transplanter, and rice shoot rareness, is also short of seedling, and mostly need to manually fill the gaps with seedlings.
3, because prior art all will repeatedly be used farm machinery operation, diesel oil used and generation seriously polluted.
4, only have 130-150mm because plantation land requirement is repeatedly subject to rolling with tilth, the mellow soil layer producing is shallow, affects the output of Plants.
Summary of the invention
The various defects that occur in the farming of existing wheat, barley and highland barley, direct sowing on dry paddy field, agricultural machinery rice transplanting and plantation, the multilayer methods of cultivation and the farming cutter that provide a kind of rice wheat seeds to plant are just provided technical problem to be solved by this invention.
The multilayer methods of cultivation that rice wheat seeds of the present invention are planted, comprise the following steps:
(1) form many deep plough levels by rotary tillage equipment in mold rotary tillage on the ground, the both sides of every deep plough level form in mold rotary tillage on the ground the middle topsoil that the degree of depth is less than deep plough level by rotary tillage equipment, and the both sides of every middle topsoil form in mold rotary tillage on the ground the lid seed layer that the degree of depth is less than middle topsoil by rotary tillage equipment;
(2), in the time of plantation wheat, barley and highland barley, paddy rice, sow at lid seed layer.
The cell width of described deep plough level is 55-65mm, and the degree of depth of deep plough level is 130-220mm.
The degree of depth of described deep plough level is incremental year by year, and first batch of degree of depth to the 3rd batch of deep ploughing is 130-160mm, and the 4th batch of degree of depth to the 6th batch of deep ploughing is 160-190mm, and the 6th batch of degree of depth of later deep ploughing is 190-220mm.
The cell width of described middle topsoil is 45-55mm, and the degree of depth of middle topsoil is 60-90mm.
The cell width of described lid seed layer is 110-130mm, and the degree of depth of lid seed layer is 10-40mm.
The deep plough level being formed in mold rotary tillage on the ground by rotary tillage equipment when every batch of farming operation, middle topsoil and lid seed fault are opened farming.
The described mold on the ground position of a middle deep plough level is set to the zanjon that width is greater than other deep plough level width.
A kind of farming cutter of the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting for above-mentioned rice wheat seeds, comprise the cutter shaft being arranged on rotary tillage equipment, on described cutter shaft, be placed with many group leaders rotary blade that can form deep plough level, the middle rotary blade of topsoil during the both sides of every group leader's rotary blade are placed with and can form, arranges and can form the short rotary blade that covers seed layer in the both sides of middle rotary blade.
Between described two adjacent group leader's rotary blades, share one group of short rotary blade.
Described every group leader's rotary blade and middle rotary blade are set to two and be arranged symmetrically with along cutter shaft, and described every group short rotary blade is set to four, and is mutually 90 degree between each short rotary blade.
The present invention, compared with existing farming technique, has the following advantages:
1, there is deep ploughing, intertillage, shallow sowing and combine, progressively deep ploughing, sustainable development, has realized the good effect of comprehensive deep layer chesson, reaches the object of increasing both production and income;
2, the effect that there is farming and once complete deep ploughing, intertillage, shallow sowing, farming cutter of the present invention once can complete farming, fertilising, sowing in the time of mechanical work, and consumption reduction reduces discharging, and saves agro-industrially, and this every mu of agriculture is more than 20 yuan;
3, can strive farming season, the season of robbing, reach the good effect of beginning sowing in good time, beginning sowing in good time is one of key of high and stable yields, adopt the methods of cultivation of the present invention and farming cutter to gather in rear sowing in time at preceding crop, can within 10-20 days, complete plantation in advance than original farming plantation like this, thereby the effective tiller in assurance seedling growth and maturation time, can improve per mu yield 15%-30%;
4, energy energy-saving and emission-reducing is more than 60%, cultivating the agricultural machinery working power designs of planting due to the phase is the 75%-85% that the Demand Design power in the farming in field is turned in former rotary tillage, so saved harrow a field, the oil for agricultural machinery working of leveling, agricultural machinery rice transplanting, therefore can save the more than 60% of agriculture agricultural diesel oil consumption, also reduced because of the more than 60% of agricultural diesel oil consumption simultaneously, also reduce because agricultural diesel oil uses the pollution 60% causing simultaneously, also alleviated the domestic pressure that agricultural diesel oil is laid in during because of the busy farming season simultaneously;
5, there is the good effect of decompression soil moisture conservation; due to the farming cutter arranging; only carry out operation with a farm machinery and once just can complete deep ploughing, intertillage, sowing, fertilising, lid seed, even dispenser, so reduce because farm machinery rolls number of times, mellow soil layer is played a protective role; again due to the multilayer farming of phase farming industry; the soil crushing resistance of plantation strengthens, thereby mellow soil layer increases the degree of depth year by year by stubble, and the soil of plantation loosens naturally; produce soil moisture conservation effect, reach the object of increasing both production and income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is soil layer construction schematic diagram in the multilayer methods of cultivation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of multilayer farming cutter of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the multilayer methods of cultivation and farming cutter that rice wheat seeds of the present invention are planted are described in further detail.
As shown in the figure, the multilayer methods of cultivation that rice wheat seeds of the present invention are planted, comprise the following steps:
(1) form many deep plough levels 1 by rotary tillage equipment in mold rotary tillage on the ground, the both sides of every deep plough level form in mold rotary tillage on the ground the middle topsoil 2 that the degree of depth is less than deep plough level by rotary tillage equipment, be called and cover seed layer because this layer of structure is used for covering seed therefore the both sides of every middle topsoil form in mold rotary tillage on the ground lid seed layer 3(that the degree of depth is less than middle topsoil by rotary tillage equipment, also can be shallow plowing layer)
(2) in the time of plantation wheat, barley and highland barley, paddy rice, rationally deep ploughed by a certain percentage, intertill, plough shallowly in every batch, planted soil, sow at lid seed layer 3; When sowing, be to sow at shallow plowing layer, proportionally fertilising, can make thus root system from shallow plowing layer toward topsoil stretch into, then continue to stretch into deep plough level, make stretching into of root system effective, impel the growth of crop, will not deep plough in all soils, just can make crop reach good growth result, improve greatly mechanical efficiency, greatly reduce plant equipment consumption, saved energy consumption, saved cost, more be conducive to thus plant growth, its output has been improved greatly.
Wherein, in the present embodiment, the cell width of said middle topsoil 2 is 45-55mm, preferably 50mm, and the degree of depth of middle topsoil 2 is 60-90mm; The cell width of lid seed layer 3 is 110-130mm, preferably 120mm, and the degree of depth of lid seed layer 3 is 10-40mm; The cell width of deep plough level 1 is 55-65mm, preferably 60mm, the degree of depth of deep plough level is 130-220mm, the degree of depth of preferred deep plough level can be incremental year by year, first batch of degree of depth to the 3rd batch of deep ploughing is that 130-160mm(wherein has the irregular parameter in farmland), the 4th batch of degree of depth to the 6th batch of deep ploughing is 160-190mm, and the 6th batch of degree of depth of later deep ploughing is 190-220mm; The cell width of said middle topsoil 2 is 50mm, and the degree of depth of middle topsoil 2 is 60-90mm; The cell width of said lid seed layer 3 is 120mm, and the degree of depth of lid seed layer 3 is 10-40mm.
Further can also mold on the ground in the middle of the position of a deep plough level have the zanjon that width is greater than other deep plough level width, that is to say that the farming part that one, centre position, farming soil need to form deep plough level originally changes into zanjon.
The methods of cultivation in the present embodiment are that 2000mm is as example altogether take seven row formula working widths, and as shown in Figure 1, first row is that middle topsoil width is 50mm by lid seed layer width 120mm, and deep plough level width 60mm adds up to 280mm composition; The composition of secondary series, the 3rd row, the 4th row, the 6th row, the 7th row is all identical with first row, and the deep plough level position of the 5th row changes zanjon into, and furrow width is 100mm, and working width adds up to 2000mm.
Further, in order to reach better farming effect, the deep plough level that can be formed in mold rotary tillage on the ground by rotary tillage equipment in the time of every batch of farming operation, middle topsoil and lid seed fault are opened farming; Namely, in the time planting operation for the second time, avoid position to repeat, stagger in the position of deep plough level and middle topsoil, lid seed layer as far as possible; The position of stubble plantation before all will as far as possible staggering when each cultivated phase is done later, the effect that the phase of could effectively realizing is ploughed planting patterns.
The farming cutter of the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting for above-mentioned rice wheat seeds of the present invention, comprise the cutter shaft 4 being arranged on rotary tillage equipment, on cutter shaft 4, be placed with many group leaders rotary blade 5 that can form deep plough level, rotary blade 6 in two groups of topsoil during the both sides of every group leader's rotary blade 5 are placed with respectively and can form, namely rotary blade 6 in the both sides of long rotary blade 5 have respectively a group, arrange respectively and can form the short rotary blade 7 that covers seed layer in the both sides of middle rotary blade 6, every group leader's rotary blade 5 and middle rotary blade 6 are set to two and be arranged symmetrically with along cutter shaft, long rotary blade used and the blade arrangement opposite direction of middle rotary blade, every group short rotary blade 7 is set to four, and be mutually 90 degree between each short rotary blade 7, the blade arrangement opposite direction of symmetrically arranged short rotary blade, certainly in the present embodiment, said rotary tillage equipment is requisite has all parts of the prior art, such as sowing pipe, fertilising pipe and other necessary parts, mentioned long rotary blade 5, middle rotary blade 6 and the short rotary blade 7 of the present invention all can be changed, thus when farming, in due course the phase change the length being equipped with each rotary blade to adapt to the requirement of tilth, the phase of so just can realizing is ploughed science and technology sustainable development in agricultural production process, the good effect of continuously steady production high yield.
Wherein, between two adjacent group leader's rotary blades, share one group short rotary blade 7, namely make to form between adjacent middle topsoil total lid seed layer.
Through facts have proved, the multilayer methods of cultivation and the farming cutter that adopt rice wheat seeds of the present invention to plant, have good effect, and its test data is as follows:
In 1.4 mu of farmlands covered by contract that a certain year applicant contracts in somewhere with methods of cultivation rice cultivation of the present invention, per mu yield reaches 650kg, than using traditionally tractor-ploughing field, machine harrows a field, the field of rice transplantation by hand volume increase 20%, mechanical output harrows a field and saves 60% than tractor-ploughing field, machine traditionally, agricultural diesel oil saves 60%, and the pollution that agricultural diesel oil causes reduces 60%, agricultural cost savings 30%.
In 6 mu of farmlands covered by contract that a certain year applicant contracts in somewhere with methods of cultivation rice cultivation of the present invention, per mu yield reaches 700kg, than using traditionally tractor-ploughing field, machine harrows a field, the field of rice transplantation by hand volume increase 22%, mechanical output harrows a field and saves 70% than tractor-ploughing field, machine traditionally, agricultural diesel oil saves 70%, and the pollution that agricultural diesel oil causes reduces 70%, agricultural cost savings 40%.
In 8 mu of farmlands covered by contract that a certain year applicant contracts in somewhere, with methods of cultivation plantation wheat of the present invention, per mu yield reaches 380kg, and than using traditionally tractor-ploughing field, machine harrows a field, the field of rice transplantation by hand volume increase 15%.
Claims (10)
1. the multilayer methods of cultivation that rice wheat seeds are planted, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) form many deep plough levels (1) by rotary tillage equipment in mold rotary tillage on the ground, the both sides of every deep plough level form in mold rotary tillage on the ground the middle topsoil (2) that the degree of depth is less than deep plough level by rotary tillage equipment, and the both sides of every middle topsoil form in mold rotary tillage on the ground the lid seed layer (3) that the degree of depth is less than middle topsoil by rotary tillage equipment;
(2) in the time of plantation wheat, barley and highland barley, paddy rice, sow at lid seed layer (3).
2. the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting according to rice wheat seeds claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the cell width of described deep plough level (1) is 55-65mm, and the degree of depth of deep plough level is 130-220mm.
3. the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting according to rice wheat seeds claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the degree of depth of described deep plough level is incremental year by year, first batch of degree of depth to the 3rd batch of deep ploughing is 130-160mm, the 4th batch of degree of depth to the 6th batch of deep ploughing is 160-190mm, and the 6th batch of degree of depth of later deep ploughing is 190-220mm.
4. the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting according to rice wheat seeds claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the cell width of described middle topsoil (2) is 45-55mm, and the degree of depth of middle topsoil (2) is 60-90mm.
5. the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting according to rice wheat seeds claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the cell width of described lid seed layer (3) is 110-130mm, and the degree of depth of lid seed layer (3) is 10-40mm.
6. the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting according to rice wheat seeds claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the deep plough level being formed in mold rotary tillage on the ground by rotary tillage equipment when every batch of farming operation, middle topsoil and lid seed fault are opened farming.
7. the multilayer methods of cultivation of planting according to rice wheat seeds claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the described mold on the ground position of a middle deep plough level is set to the zanjon that width is greater than other deep plough level width.
8. the farming cutter for the multilayer methods of cultivation that rice wheat seeds are planted as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the cutter shaft (4) being arranged on rotary tillage equipment, on described cutter shaft (4), be placed with many group leaders rotary blade (5) that can form deep plough level, the middle rotary blade (6) of topsoil during the both sides of every group leader's rotary blade (5) are placed with and can form, arranges and can form the short rotary blade (7) that covers seed layer in the both sides of middle rotary blade (6).
9. according to farming cutter claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: between described two adjacent group leader's rotary blades, share one group of short rotary blade (7).
10. according to farming cutter claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described every group leader's rotary blade (5) and middle rotary blade (6) are set to two and be arranged symmetrically with along cutter shaft, described every group short rotary blade (7) is set to four, and is mutually 90 degree between each short rotary blade (7).
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| CN201410052198.8A CN103814638B (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2014-02-17 | The multilayer methods of cultivation that rice wheat seeds are planted and farming cutter |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663063A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Tillage method for controlling aegilops tauschii as malignant weed in wheat fields |
| CN109201716A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-15 | 航天凯天环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of soil turns over polishing apparatus |
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| US6017169A (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 2000-01-25 | Itex, Division Of Irm, L.P. | Remediation of earthen material |
| CN201440786U (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-04-28 | 李等全 | Zero-tilling machine rotary tillage knife shaft |
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| CN202587767U (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-12-12 | 李小明 | Rotary tiller with deep ploughing function |
| CN203708788U (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-07-16 | 凌元 | Tillage tool for planting rice and wheat |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1047506B (en) * | 1953-10-05 | 1958-12-24 | Fahr Ag Maschf | Rotating chopping device attached to a tractor |
| GB824756A (en) * | 1957-01-11 | 1959-12-02 | Fahr Ag Maschf | Improvements in rotary cultivators |
| US6017169A (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 2000-01-25 | Itex, Division Of Irm, L.P. | Remediation of earthen material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104663063A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Tillage method for controlling aegilops tauschii as malignant weed in wheat fields |
| CN109201716A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-15 | 航天凯天环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of soil turns over polishing apparatus |
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| CN103814638B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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