CN103960092A - Three-dimensional biological control method for plant diseases and insect pests of tobacco planting - Google Patents
Three-dimensional biological control method for plant diseases and insect pests of tobacco planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional biological control method for plant diseases and insect pests of tobacco planting. The three-dimensional biological control method has the advantages that the technological methods of plant essential oil, natural enemy insect releasing, insect sex attractants, solar insecticidal lamps, champak board trapping and killing and the like are combined to achieve three-dimensional control over the pests in the tobacco planting process, and the control effect on tobacco black shanks, tobacco brown leaf spots and myzus persicae is excellent; organic chemical pesticides are not needed to be used for controlling the pests in tobaccos, using of chemicals is greatly reduced, influences of the chemicals on the quality of the tobaccos are reduced, and pollution to the environment is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the biological prevention field of agriculture and forestry insect, be specifically related to utilize the combination of the technological means such as release, insect sex attractant, solar insect-killing light, the trapping of champac plate of plants essential oil, natural enemy insect, reached the solid control to pest in tobacco planting process, excellent to the control efficiency of black shank, Alternaria alternate, cigarette aphid.
Background technology
China is the world today first tobacco producing country, yield of tobacco accounts for 30% of Gross World Product, according in May, 2012, < < Chinese Tobacco Industry economy and the financial benefit of issue reevaluate > >, tobacco business central tax accounts for 8.32% of central tax total value, and tobacco has become the important economic crops of China.The pest species of tobacco is various, large to tobacco disserve to produce, according to national tobacco infectious disease investigation and the investigation of national tobacco insect, find, China's tobacco infectious disease has 68 kinds, and insect reaches kind more than 200, and the production loss that only disease causes just accounts for the 10%-15% of annual amount.Along with the change of climatic environment, crop allocation and cropping system etc., the generation of China's tobacco disease insect pest is in rising trend.The main disease of tobacco has tobacco bacterial wilt, Alternaria alternate, black shank etc., and insect pest mainly contains cigarette aphid, Bemisia tabaci, oriental tobacco budworm, prodenia litura etc.At present, chemical control is still the Main Means of China control tobacco disease insect, if long-term a large amount of chemical pesticide that uses will cause " 3R " (Residue, Resistance, Resurgence) generation of problem, biological control is according to the correlation between biology, regulate artificially the methods such as population quantity of the microbial environment of host plant, the resistance that improves host plant, increase beneficial organism, thereby reach the object of controlling pest, there is the features such as safety, continuation, easy exploiting and compatibility.Tobacco, produce and the tobacco product pay attention to day by day to self health and living environment to the trend of safety, ecological future development and people gradually, tobacco disease insect pest is carried out to the extensive concern that safe, pollution-free, non-harmful control is subject to various countries, the whole world.
Black shank is a kind of important disease on tobacco produces, and this disease runs rampant very fast, and in rainy time and often large area generation of low laying areas, after tobacco plant morbidity, 1-2 week is withered.The pathogen of black shank is [Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae (Breda Haan) Tucker.], belongs to the cigarette phytophthora in flagellum subphylum, Oomycete, Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae, Phytophthora.This germ happiness hot and humid environment, mycelial growth optimum temperature is 28-32 ℃, the highest 36 ℃, minimum 10 ℃.Germ can grow in the environment of pH value 4.4-9.6, pH value be 8 o'clock for the suitableeest.
Alternaria alternate [Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler] claims again erythema, hates tiger eye, fire to steep spot, pinta, how blade occurs from lower blade if being caught an illness, gradually upwards development, scab is just yellowish-brown fleck, after develop into brown circle or subcircular spot, the russet or dark brown concentric wheel stripe of upper tool.Expanding when very fast, there is yellow haloing in edge.Visible dark brown or the mould layer of black on spot during high humidity.One of Major Diseases in Alternaria alternate China leaf tobacco production, each tobacco leaf producing region, the world all has.In China, rust was once very popular in Henan tobacco region.Since the eighties in 20th century, at China's cigarette, there is day by day serious trend in district.
Cigarette aphid is subordinate to Homoptera (Homoptera) Aphidiadae (Aphididae) tumor aphid genus (Myzus), to blazon all over the world crop to endanger serious polyphagy insect, one of Ye Shi China Ge Yan district tobacco important pests, it not only draws tobacco plant nutrition, excretion honeydew, directly affect output and the quality of tobacco leaf, but also propagate multiple tobacco virus, cause that multiple virus disease and other worm pass the generation of tobacco diseases and popular.
The present invention passes through lot of experiments, find that a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevents and treats method, the combination of the technological means such as the release by plants essential oil, natural enemy insect, insect sex attractant, solar insect-killing light, the trapping of champac plate, reached the solid control to pest in tobacco planting process, excellent to the control efficiency of black shank, Alternaria alternate, cigarette aphid; Do not need to use the pest in serious pollution organic chemistry pesticide control tobacco, greatly reduced the use of chemicals, reduced the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, reduced the pollution to environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological and prevent and treat method, be specifically related to utilize the combination of the technological means such as release, insect sex attractant, solar insect-killing light, the trapping of champac plate of plants essential oil, natural enemy insect, reached the solid control to pest in tobacco planting process, excellent to the control efficiency of black shank, Alternaria alternate, cigarette aphid.
The technical scheme taked is to achieve the object of the present invention as follows:
Tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological is prevented and treated a method, it is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of:
Fungal disease control, disease monitoring, pest control; Described fungal disease control comprises soil treatment, foliage-spray;
Described pest control comprises the following steps: the release of natural enemy insect; Trapping harmful insect;
Described disease monitoring comprises the following steps: use spore to catch the pathogen that instrument detects the large Tanaka of tobacco, the Species of Pathogens that laboratory qualification captures and quantity, then formulate tobacco diseases control strategy;
Described soil treatment comprises: at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to after land for growing field crops 12-15 days, be watered dilution 1300-1500 and tobacco filled with to root, every strain Tobacco using 300ml essential oil dilution after doubly after thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil are mixed; Described foliage-spray comprises: at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to after land for growing field crops 22-30 days, thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil be watered to dilution 1000-1200 doubly spray in tobacco blade face after mixing, every mu is used essential oil dilution 30-40kg;
The release of described natural enemy insect comprises the following steps:
(1) when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, in vega, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 600 stiff aphid/mus, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) place after stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 400/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 3-4 week;
Described trapping harmful insect comprises the following steps:
(1), when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, every mu of the large Tanaka of tobacco, place 6-8 yellow plate, a 6-8 backboard;
(2), when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, in tobacco land for growing field crops, place 1 solar insect-killing light for every mu;
(3) when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, in tobacco land for growing field crops, place 2 insect sex-trapping utensils for every mu, described insect sex-trapping utensil comprises insect sex attractant, and described insect sex attractant comprises active substance: cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide;
In described insect sex attractant: the mass ratio of cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide is 2-7.5: 3.5-8.5: 1-1.5; Preferably 2: 7: 1.
The mass ratio of described thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil is 1.3-1.4: 2.7-3.2.
A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological of the present invention is prevented and treated method, and wherein thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil have cooperative synergism effect after composite, and black shank, Alternaria alternate are had to good preventive and therapeutic effect.Natural enemy release method in the present invention is significantly better than traditional aphidius gifuensis method for releasing to the control efficiency of cigarette aphid, can significantly reduce the population quantity of cigarette aphid in vega, reduce the use of chemicals, reduced the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, reduced the pollution to environment.In insect sex attractant of the present invention, added auxiliary agent chitosan oligosaccharide, strengthened greatly insect sex attractant: the attractant effect of cis-9-hexadecene acetate and Z-9-hexadecenal.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological of the present invention is prevented and treated method, and wherein thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil have cooperative synergism effect after composite, and black shank, Alternaria alternate are had to good preventive and therapeutic effect.
2, the natural enemy release method in the present invention is significantly better than traditional aphidius gifuensis method for releasing to the control efficiency of cigarette aphid, can significantly reduce the population quantity of cigarette aphid in vega.
3, in insect sex attractant of the present invention, added auxiliary agent chitosan oligosaccharide, strengthened greatly insect sex attractant: the attractant effect of cis-9-hexadecene acetate and Z-9-hexadecenal.
4, a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological of the present invention is prevented and treated method, has greatly reduced the use of chemicals, has reduced the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, has reduced the pollution to environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to further instruction of the present invention, the percentage in embodiment is weight ratio, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
1, material:
1.1 experimental field: Yuxi Ma Qiao scientific base, Yunnan Province vega;
1.2 test plants: tobacco K326.
2, test method: test is established and processed 1-9, and the size of all processing vegas is wide 20 meters, and long 35 meters, 3 repetitions are established in each processing;
Tobacco diseases, Investigation of Pests analytical method are carried out with reference to the insect pest classification of State Standard of the People's Republic of China's tobacco disease and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008), and disease index and relative control effect computing formula are as follows:
Disease index=(diseased plants at different levels or the number of sheets * this disease level value)/investigate total strain or the number of sheets * superlative degree value * 100;
Relative control effect (%)=(contrast disease index-processing disease index)/contrast disease index * 100;
In insect sex-trapping utensil, worm amount is recorded: in insect sex-trapping utensil, place after insect sex attractant, insect sex-trapping utensil is placed in to vega, every 5 days in morning by the insect in trapper and water in the lump to water tumbler, pull insect statistics record out, by continuing in water back flow trapper, use, until off-test.
Process 1:
(1) transplanting of tobacco seedling: will have 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 centimetres of left and right is transplanted to land for growing field crops, carries out the narrow strain plantation of wide row during transplanting, transplanting depth 10-15cm, and line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, waters sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
(2) when tobacco transplant is behind land for growing field crops, every mu of the large Tanaka of tobacco, place 6 yellow plates, 6 backboards, in tobacco land for growing field crops, place 1 solar insect-killing light for every mu; Per hectare is placed 1 spore and is caught instrument; Place 2 insect sex-trapping utensils for every mu, each insect sex-trapping utensil comprises 1 insect sex attractant, and each insect sex attractant comprises 600mg active substance: cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide; The mass ratio of cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide is 2: 7: 1; In vega, place the blade with stiff aphid simultaneously, place weekly 600 stiff aphid/mus, continue 3 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success; Place after stiff aphid 3 times, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 400/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 3 weeks;
(3) at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 12 days, tobacco filled with to root, every strain Tobacco using 300ml essential oil dilution after being watered 1500 times of dilutions after 1.3g thyme essential oil, 2.7g chamomile essential oil are mixed; Described foliage-spray comprises: at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 22 days, 1.3g thyme essential oil, 2.7g chamomile essential oil be watered to 1000 times of dilutions spray in tobacco blade face after mixing, every mu is used essential oil dilution 30kg.
Process 2:
At tobacco seedling, be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 12 days, 0.65g thyme essential oil be watered to dilution and tobacco filled with to root, every strain Tobacco using 300ml essential oil dilution after 1500 times; Described foliage-spray comprises: at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 22 days, 0.65g thyme essential oil be watered to 1000 times of dilutions and spray in tobacco blade face, every mu is used essential oil dilution 30kg, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process 3:
At tobacco seedling, be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 12 days, tobacco filled with to root, every strain Tobacco using 300ml essential oil dilution after being watered 1500 times of dilutions after 1.35g chamomile essential oil is mixed; Described foliage-spray comprises: at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 22 days, be watered 1000 times of dilutions and spray in tobacco blade face after 1.35g chamomile essential oil is mixed, every mu is used essential oil dilution 30kg, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process 4:
Do not use aphidius gifuensis control, all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process 5:
The control of Tobacco using aphidius gifuensis, is all used stiff aphid control, and usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process 6:
The control of Tobacco using aphidius gifuensis, is all used aphidius gifuensis to become honeybee, and usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process 7:
The active substance of insect attractant is the cis-9-hexadecene acetate of 600mg, Z-9-hexadecenal, and not containing chitosan oligosaccharide, all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process 8:
The active substance of insect attractant is the chitosan oligosaccharide of 600mg, not containing cis-9-hexadecene acetate, and Z-9-hexadecenal, all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Process 9:
Do not use essential oil to process tobacco, all the other steps are identical with processing I.
Note: in table 1, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 1 show:
A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological of the present invention is prevented and treated method, and wherein thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil have cooperative synergism effect after composite, and black shank, Alternaria alternate are had to good preventive and therapeutic effect.
Note: in table 2, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 2 show:
The present invention adopts and is become the release mode of honeybee combination with aphidius gifuensis by the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis parasitism, and its preventive effect is better than discharging separately the effect that stiff aphid or aphidius gifuensis become honeybee.
Note: in table 3, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 3 show:
In insect sex attractant of the present invention, added auxiliary agent chitosan oligosaccharide, strengthened greatly insect sex attractant: the attractant effect of cis-9-hexadecene acetate and Z-9-hexadecenal.
Claims (8)
1. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological is prevented and treated a method, it is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of:
Fungal disease control, disease monitoring, pest control; Described fungal disease control comprises soil treatment, foliage-spray.
2. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological according to claim 1 is prevented and treated method, it is characterized in that: described pest control comprises the following steps: the release of natural enemy insect; Trapping harmful insect.
3. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological according to claim 2 is prevented and treated method, it is characterized in that: described disease monitoring comprises the following steps: use spore to catch the pathogen that instrument detects the large Tanaka of tobacco, the Species of Pathogens that laboratory qualification captures and quantity, then formulate tobacco diseases control strategy.
4. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological according to claim 3 is prevented and treated method, it is characterized in that: described soil treatment comprises: at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to after land for growing field crops 12-15 days, after thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil are mixed, be watered dilution 1300-1500 and tobacco filled with to root, every strain Tobacco using 300ml essential oil dilution after doubly; Described foliage-spray comprises: at tobacco seedling, be transplanted to after land for growing field crops 22-30 days, thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil be watered to dilution 1000-1200 doubly spray in tobacco blade face after mixing, every mu is used essential oil dilution 30-40kg.
5. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological according to claim 4 is prevented and treated method, it is characterized in that: the release of described natural enemy insect comprises the following steps:
(1) when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, in vega, place the blade with stiff aphid, place weekly 600 stiff aphid/mus, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) place after stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, discharge the one-tenth honeybee of aphidius gifuensis, discharge weekly 400/mu of the one-tenth honeybees of aphidius gifuensis, continue 3-4 week.
6. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological according to claim 5 is prevented and treated method, it is characterized in that: described trapping harmful insect comprises the following steps:
(1), when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, every mu of the large Tanaka of tobacco, place 6-8 yellow plate, a 6-8 backboard;
(2), when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, in tobacco land for growing field crops, place 1 solar insect-killing light for every mu;
(3) when tobacco seedling is transplanted to behind land for growing field crops, in tobacco land for growing field crops, place 2 insect sex-trapping utensils for every mu, described insect sex-trapping utensil comprises insect sex attractant, and described insect sex attractant comprises active substance: cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide.
7. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological according to claim 6 is prevented and treated method, it is characterized in that: in described insect sex attractant: the mass ratio of cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide is 2-7.5: 3.5-8.5: 1-1.5.
8. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological according to claim 7 is prevented and treated method, it is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil is 1.3-1.4: 2.7-3.2.
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| CN106577549A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-04-26 | 云南省烟草公司丽江市公司 | Insect disease prevention and control method during the Myzus persi cae (Sulzer) breeding process |
| CN107372622A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-24 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of method of the whole biological prevention and control of tobacco pest and disease damage |
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| CN113854012A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-31 | 遵义市播州区鸭枫烤烟综合服务专业合作社 | Green prevention and control method for tobacco plant diseases and insect pests |
| CN114445785A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-05-06 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Internet of things-based litchi insect pest monitoring and early warning method and system and storage medium |
| CN114445785B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-21 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Internet of things-based litchi insect pest monitoring and early warning method and system and storage medium |
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