CN103960092B - A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls - Google Patents
A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls, tool of the present invention has the following advantages: 1, by the combination of the technological means such as release, insect sex attractant, solar insect-killing light, the trapping of champac plate of plants essential oil, natural enemy insect, reach and the solid of pest in tobacco planting process is prevented and treated, excellent to the control efficiency of black shank, Alternaria alternate, cigarette aphid; 2, a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls of the present invention, do not need to use the pest in serious pollution organic chemical pesticides control tobacco, significantly reduce the use of chemicals, decrease the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agriculture and forestry insect, be specifically related to the combination of the technological means such as release, insect sex attractant, solar insect-killing light, the trapping of champac plate utilizing plants essential oil, natural enemy insect, reach and the solid of pest in tobacco planting process is prevented and treated, excellent to the control efficiency of black shank, Alternaria alternate, cigarette aphid.
Background technology
China is first tobacco leaf production state of the world today, yield of tobacco accounts for 30% of Gross World Product, according to " Chinese Tobacco Industry economy and financial benefit reevaluate " that in May, 2012 is issued, tobacco business central tax accounts for 8.32% of central tax total value, and tobacco has become the important economic crops of China.The pest species of tobacco is various, large to tobacco leaf production harm, find according to national tobacco infectious disease investigation and the investigation of national tobacco insect, China's tobacco infectious disease has 68 kinds, and insect reaches kind more than 200, and the production loss that only disease causes just accounts for the 10%-15% of annual amount.Along with the change of climatic environment, crop allocation and cropping system etc., the generation of China's tobacco disease insect pest is in rising trend.The main disease of tobacco has tobacco bacterial wilt, Alternaria alternate, black shank etc., and insect pest mainly contains cigarette aphid, Bemisia tabaci, oriental tobacco budworm, prodenia litura etc.At present, chemical control is still the Main Means of China control tobacco disease insect, if long-term a large amount of chemical pesticide that uses will cause " 3R " (Residue, Resistance, Resurgence) generation of problem, biological control is according to the correlation between biology, regulate the microbial environment of host plant artificially, improve the resistance of host plant, increase the methods such as the population quantity of beneficial organism, thus reach the object controlling pest, there is the features such as safety, continuation, easy exploiting and compatibility.At tobacco leaf production and tobacco product gradually to pay attention to day by day to own health and living environment of the trend of safety, ecological future development and people, the extensive concern that safe, pollution-free, non-harmful control is subject to whole world various countries is carried out to tobacco disease insect pest.
Black shank is the important disease of one on tobacco leaf production, and this disease runs rampant very fast, and in rainy time and low laying areas often large area generation, after tobacco plant morbidity, 1-2 week is withered.The pathogen of black shank is [Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae (BredaHaan) Tucker.], belongs to the cigarette phytophthora in flagellum subphylum, Oomycete, Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae, Phytophthora.This germ happiness hot and humid environment, mycelial growth optimum temperature is 2832 DEG C, the highest 36 DEG C, minimum 10 DEG C.Germ can grow in the environment of pH value 4.4-9.6, for the suitableeest when pH value is 8.
Alternaria alternate [Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler] also known as erythema, hate brave eye, fire bubble spot, pinta, how blade occurs from lower blade if being caught an illness, gradually upwards develop, scab is just yellowish-brown fleck, after develop into brown circle or subcircular spot, the russet or dark brown concentric wheel stripe of upper tool.When expanding very fast, there is yellow halo in edge.Visible dark brown or the mould layer of black on spot during high humidity.One of Major Diseases in Alternaria alternate China leaf tobacco production, each tobacco leaf producing region, the world all has.In China, rust was once very popular in Henan tobacco region.Since the eighties in 20th century, there is day by day serious trend in cigarette district of China.
Cigarette aphid is subordinate to Homoptera (Homoptera) Aphidiadae (Aphididae) tumor aphid genus (Myzus), blazon to endanger serious polyphagy insect to crop all over the world, one of Ye Shi China Ge Yan district tobacco important pests, it not only draws tobacco plant nutrition, excretion honeydew, the direct seed output and quality affecting tobacco leaf, but also propagate multiple tobacco virus, causes multiple virus disease and other worm to pass the generation of tobacco diseases and popular.
The present invention passes through lot of experiments, find a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls, by the combination of the technological means such as release, insect sex attractant, solar insect-killing light, the trapping of champac plate of plants essential oil, natural enemy insect, reach and the solid of pest in tobacco planting process is prevented and treated, excellent to the control efficiency of black shank, Alternaria alternate, cigarette aphid; Do not need to use the pest in serious pollution organic chemical pesticides control tobacco, significantly reduce the use of chemicals, decrease the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls, be specifically related to the combination of the technological means such as release, insect sex attractant, solar insect-killing light, the trapping of champac plate utilizing plants essential oil, natural enemy insect, reach and the solid of pest in tobacco planting process is prevented and treated, excellent to the control efficiency of black shank, Alternaria alternate, cigarette aphid.
Technical scheme taked to achieve the object of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls, is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of:
Fungal disease is prevented and treated, disease monitoring, pest control; Described fungal disease control comprises soil treatment, foliage-spray;
Described pest control comprises the following steps: the release of natural enemy insect; Trapping harmful insect;
Described disease monitoring comprises the following steps: use spore trap instrument to detect the pathogen of the large Tanaka of tobacco, the Species of Pathogens that laboratory qualification captures and quantity, then formulate tobacco diseases control strategy;
Described soil treatment comprises: after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops 12-15 days, after being watered dilution 1300-1500 times after thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil mixing, carry out filling root, every strain Tobacco 300ml essential oil dilution to tobacco; Described foliage-spray comprises: after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops 22-30 days, and doubly spray in tobacco blade face by being watered dilution 1000-1200 after thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil mixing, every mu uses essential oil dilution 30-40kg;
The release of described natural enemy insect comprises the following steps:
(1) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, place the blade with stiff aphid in vega, place 600 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) after placing stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 400/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 3-4 week;
Described trapping harmful insect comprises the following steps:
(1) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, 6-8 yellow plate, a 6-8 backboard is placed the large Tanaka every mu of tobacco;
(2) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, 1 solar insect-killing light is placed in every mu, tobacco land for growing field crops;
(3) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, place 2 insects trappers in every mu, tobacco land for growing field crops, described insects trapper comprises insect sex attractant, and described insect sex attractant comprises active substance: cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide;
In described insect sex attractant: the mass ratio of cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide is 2-7.5: 3.5-8.5: 1-1.5; Preferably 2: 7: 1.
Described thyme essential oil and the mass ratio of chamomile essential oil are 1.3-1.4: 2.7-3.2.
A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls of the present invention, wherein thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil composite after there is cooperative synergism effect, to black shank, Alternaria alternate, there is good preventive and therapeutic effect.Natural enemy release method in the present invention is significantly better than traditional aphidius gifuensis method for releasing to the control efficiency of cigarette aphid, significantly can reduce the population quantity of cigarette aphid in vega, reduce the use of chemicals, decrease the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.With the addition of auxiliary agent chitosan oligosaccharide in insect sex attractant of the present invention, enhance insect sex attractant greatly: the attractant effect of cis-9-hexadecene acetate and Z-9-hexadecenal.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls of the present invention, wherein thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil composite after there is cooperative synergism effect, to black shank, Alternaria alternate, there is good preventive and therapeutic effect.
2, the natural enemy release method in the present invention is significantly better than traditional aphidius gifuensis method for releasing to the control efficiency of cigarette aphid, significantly can reduce the population quantity of cigarette aphid in vega.
3, with the addition of auxiliary agent chitosan oligosaccharide in insect sex attractant of the present invention, enhance insect sex attractant greatly: the attractant effect of cis-9-hexadecene acetate and Z-9-hexadecenal.
4, a kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls of the present invention, significantly reduces the use of chemicals, decreases the impact of chemicals on quality of tobacco, decrease the pollution to environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment to further instruction of the present invention, the percentage in embodiment is weight ratio, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
1, material:
1.1 experimental field: Yuxi Ma Qiao scientific base, Yunnan Province vega;
1.2 test plants: tobacco K326.
2, test method: process 1-9 is established in test, and the size of all process vegas is wide 20 meters, and long 35 meters, 3 repetitions are established in each process;
Tobacco diseases, Investigation of Pests analytical method are carried out with reference to National Standard of the People's Republic of China's tobacco disease insect pest classification and investigation method (GB/T23222-2008), disease index and relative control effect computing formula as follows:
Disease index=(diseased plant at different levels or the number of sheets × this sick level value)/investigate total strain or the number of sheets × superlative degree value × 100;
Relative control effect (%)=(contrast disease index-process disease index)/contrast disease index × 100;
In insects trapper, worm amount is recorded: after placing insect sex attractant in insects trapper, insects trapper is placed in vega, every 5 days morning by the insect in trapper and water in the lump down in water tumbler, pull insect out and add up record, to continue in water back flow trapper to use, until off-test.
Process 1:
(1) transplanting of tobacco seedling: will have 6-7 sheet leaf in greenhouse, the tobacco seedling of high 15 cm is transplanted to land for growing field crops, carry out the narrow strain plantation of wide row during transplanting, transplanting depth 10-15cm, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, water sufficient normal root water after transplanting;
(2) when after tobacco transplant to land for growing field crops, place 6 yellow plates, 6 backboards the large Tanaka every mu of tobacco, place 1 solar insect-killing light in every mu, tobacco land for growing field crops; Per hectare places 1 spore trap instrument; Place 2 insects trappers for every mu, each insects trapper comprises 1 insect sex attractant, and each insect sex attractant comprises 600mg active substance: cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide; The mass ratio of cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide is 2: 7: 1; In vega, place the blade with stiff aphid simultaneously, place 600 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 3 weeks, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success; After placing stiff aphid 3 times, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 400/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 3 weeks;
(3) be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 12 days at tobacco seedling, after being watered dilution 1500 times after 1.3g thyme essential oil, the mixing of 2.7g chamomile essential oil, filling root being carried out to tobacco, every strain Tobacco 300ml essential oil dilution; Described foliage-spray comprises: be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 22 days at tobacco seedling, and doubly spray in tobacco blade face by being watered dilution 1000 after 1.3g thyme essential oil, the mixing of 2.7g chamomile essential oil, every mu uses essential oil dilution 30kg.
Process 2:
Be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 12 days at tobacco seedling, after 0.65g thyme essential oil being watered dilution 1500 times, filling root carried out to tobacco, every strain Tobacco 300ml essential oil dilution; Described foliage-spray comprises: be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 22 days at tobacco seedling, 0.65g thyme essential oil is watered dilution 1000 and doubly sprays in tobacco blade face, and every mu uses essential oil dilution 30kg, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process 3:
Be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 12 days at tobacco seedling, after being watered dilution 1500 times after 1.35g chamomile essential oil being mixed, filling root carried out to tobacco, every strain Tobacco 300ml essential oil dilution; Described foliage-spray comprises: be transplanted to land for growing field crops after 22 days at tobacco seedling, is watered dilution 1000 and doubly sprays in tobacco blade face after 1.35g chamomile essential oil being mixed, and every mu uses essential oil dilution 30kg, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process 4:
Do not use aphidius gifuensis to prevent and treat, all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process 5:
Tobacco aphidius gifuensis is prevented and treated, and all use the control of stiff aphid, usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process 6:
Tobacco aphidius gifuensis is prevented and treated, and all use aphidius gifuensis to become honeybee, usage quantity becomes 1000/mu, and all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process 7:
The active substance of insect attractant is the cis-9-hexadecene acetate of 600mg, Z-9-hexadecenal, and not containing chitosan oligosaccharide, all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process 8:
The active substance of insect attractant is the chitosan oligosaccharide of 600mg, and not containing cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, all the other steps are identical with process I.
Process 9:
Do not use essential oil process tobacco, all the other steps are identical with process I.
Note: in table 1, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 1 show:
A kind of tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls of the present invention, wherein thyme essential oil and chamomile essential oil composite after there is cooperative synergism effect, to black shank, Alternaria alternate, there is good preventive and therapeutic effect.
Note: in table 2, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 2 show:
The present invention adopts the release mode being become honeybee to combine with aphidius gifuensis by the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis parasitism, and its preventive effect is better than discharging separately the effect that stiff aphid or aphidius gifuensis become honeybee.
Note: in table 3, preventive effect is all the mean value of 3 repeated tests
Data in table 3 show:
With the addition of auxiliary agent chitosan oligosaccharide in insect sex attractant of the present invention, enhance insect sex attractant greatly: the attractant effect of cis-9-hexadecene acetate and Z-9-hexadecenal.
Claims (3)
1. a tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls, is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of:
Fungal disease is prevented and treated, disease monitoring, pest control; Described fungal disease control comprises soil treatment, foliage-spray; Described pest control comprises the following steps: the release of natural enemy insect; Trapping harmful insect; Described disease monitoring comprises the following steps: use spore trap instrument to detect the pathogen of the large Tanaka of tobacco, the Species of Pathogens that laboratory qualification captures and quantity, then formulate tobacco diseases control strategy; Described soil treatment comprises: after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops 12-15 days, after being watered dilution 1300-1500 times after thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil mixing, carry out filling root, every strain Tobacco 300ml essential oil dilution to tobacco; Described foliage-spray comprises: after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops 22-30 days, and doubly spray in tobacco blade face by being watered dilution 1000-1200 after thyme essential oil, chamomile essential oil mixing, every mu uses essential oil dilution 30-40kg; The release of described natural enemy insect comprises the following steps:
(1) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, place the blade with stiff aphid in vega, place 600 stiff aphid/mus weekly, continue 2-3 week, described stiff aphid is by the parasitic stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis success;
(2) after placing stiff aphid 2-3 time, stop placing stiff aphid, the one-tenth honeybee of release aphidius gifuensis, discharges weekly the one-tenth honeybee 400/mu of aphidius gifuensis, continues 3-4 week; Described trapping harmful insect comprises the following steps:
(1) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, 6-8 yellow plate, a 6-8 backboard is placed the large Tanaka every mu of tobacco;
(2) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, 1 solar insect-killing light is placed in every mu, tobacco land for growing field crops;
(3) after tobacco seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops, place 2 insects trappers in every mu, tobacco land for growing field crops, described insects trapper comprises insect sex attractant, and described insect sex attractant comprises active substance: cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide.
2. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described insect sex attractant: the mass ratio of cis-9-hexadecene acetate, Z-9-hexadecenal, chitosan oligosaccharide is 2-7.5:3.5-8.5:1-1.5.
3. tobacco planting damage by disease and insect stereo biological prevention and controls according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described thyme essential oil and the mass ratio of chamomile essential oil are 1.3-1.4:2.7-3.2.
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