CN104782382A - Cenchrus paciflorus controlling method - Google Patents
Cenchrus paciflorus controlling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104782382A CN104782382A CN201510229353.3A CN201510229353A CN104782382A CN 104782382 A CN104782382 A CN 104782382A CN 201510229353 A CN201510229353 A CN 201510229353A CN 104782382 A CN104782382 A CN 104782382A
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- sandbur
- jerusalem artichoke
- chinese pennisetum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/40—Monitoring or fighting invasive species
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological system controlling method, and particularly relates to a method of determining pasture-hybridized chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke through screening to control cenchrus paciflorus. The pasture-hybridized chinese pennisetum and/or the jerusalem artichoke are/is used for controlling the cenchrus paciflorus, by means of reasonably collocating hybridized chinese pennisetum and/or the jerusalem artichoke, scientific seeding and management are matched, the growth advantages of the hybridized chinese pennisetum and/or the jerusalem artichoke are used for contending against the cenchrus paciflorus, the intrusion behavior of the cenchrus paciflorus is restrained continuously and effectively, and a guarantee is provided for controlling the alien invasive species cenchrus paciflorus.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to biological substitution technical field, especially a kind ofly utilize hybrid Chinese pennisetum and jerusalem artichoke to substitute the method controlling Sandbur.
[background technology]
At occurring in nature, biotic intrusion is a kind of ubiquitous phenomenon, and the kind of biotic intrusion also includes nearly all biological group, and along with global economic integration, international, domestic trade is come and gone more and more frequent, and the probability that biological success is invaded also increases greatly.Invasive plants produces serious interference and harm to the structure of the specific ecosystem, function and ecotope.Invasive plants has influence on each ecosystem and biota, makes hundreds of local species be absorbed in the condition of extinction, accelerates the forfeiture of bio-diversity and the extinction of species.
China is the large agricultural country that a real estate enriches, species are various, and biotic intrusion is particularly serious on the impact of China.Strategy of Alien Invasive Species and local Species Competition living space, nutrient, jeopardize the existence of local species particularly rare and endangered species, cause the forfeiture of bio-diversity, produces harmful effect to the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of China's ecosystem; Invasive plants can bring direct economy to endanger to farmland gardening, lawn, forest, herding, aquatic products etc.; Invasive plants by change invasion ground natural ecosystems, reduce species diversity thus to local society, culture even health of people produce serious harm.Biotic intrusion just becoming threaten that China agriculture and forestry are produced, one of the key factor of bio-diversity and ecotope.
At present, the identified Strategy of Alien Invasive Species of placing on record of China has 427 kinds, wherein: plant pathogenic microorganisms 55 kinds (fungi 30 kinds, 6 kinds, bacterium, virus 10 kinds, nematode 9 kinds); Plant 244 kinds (water plants 18 kinds, Lu Sheng 226 kinds); Animal 128 kinds (comprising invertebrate, amphibians and reptiles, fish, mammality etc.).
External Za Cao ?Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth be grass family Poaceae Cenchrus Cenehrus drought raw annual herb plant, popular name grass dog, careless puncture vine, originate in tropical America, fibrous root is distributed in the soil layer of 5-20cm, tool sand cover.Stem cylindrical, hollow, shape of partly crawling, high 30-70cm, tillering ability is extremely strong, leaf sword shape alternate.Spike, small ear 1-2 piece clusters bunchy, and its periphery is the thorn bud healed by infertile small ear, and each thorn bud contains 2 routine seeds.Thorn bud is several spherical in shape, long 6.2-6.8mm, wide 4.2-5.5mm, the bottom tool pubescence of thorn bud and thorn.Small ear is avette, stockless, long 4.6-4.9mm, wide 2.5-2.8mm.Sandbur reproduction coefficient is high, a solid 70-80 grain of plant, and maximum person can reach 500, and Sandbur can resist arid, and when environment is harsh especially, just tiller number reduces, but plant still can be solid, completes its life cycle.As long as spring, summer, the epidemic disaster running into matters autumn and air, can carry out at any time sprouting, bloom, solid.2 seeds in each thorn bud are running under suitable condition, only have one to absorb water and sprout formation plant, another is suppressed, be in resting state, keep vitality, but the plant formed when sprouting impaired dead time, another seed do not sprouted at once breaking dormancy forms plant, breeds.Seed sexual propagation.Sting the most small hangnail of luxuriant tool, can be attached on clothes, animal skin and goods and propagate, seed is everlasting, and thorn bud is interior to be sprouted.
This careless adaptive capacity is extremely strong, and various adverse circumstances can grow.When just starting to invade certain location, just there is very strong competitiveness, suppressing other herbage growths, within several years, just can form the dominant plant of this group, until other therophytess of this group are completely suppressed, almost form single Sandbur group.After the fruit maturation of Sandbur, its thorn bud is very hard, causes mechanical damage, affects the value of animal product, cause heavy losses simultaneously to wool textile industry to livestock.Invading the hills of dry, the arid sand in Van Gogh in district, sand hill, Sha Tuo, dykes and dams, graveyard, road both sides, edge of a field rand, waste lattice, pile wasteland, slash, Sandbur even in farmland, is had to be the distribution of point-like, band shape, sheet.
The method of current control Sandbur is only limited to publicity, quarantine, machinery are pulled out and chemical control, takes a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention utilizes hybrid Chinese pennisetum to grow rapidly, can cover ground rapidly, drought-enduring feature, inhibit emerging and growing of Sandbur in early stage; And jerusalem artichoke grows up rapidly equally, dense colony can be formed fast, gradually Sandbur is suppressed down by Shade effect, finally occur that field is without Sandbur or the small and weak situation of Sandbur, and jerusalem artichoke is perennial plant, the effect controlling Sandbur can be played for a long time.Fully herbage hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke are determined in screening more afterwards, compare respectively its growing environment, growth rate, reproduction speed, vegetative period, situation of setting seeds with Sandbur; And seeding method is optimized, comprise the aspects such as Planting Row Distance, sowing depth, planting density, by the sowing management of more science, and be equipped with combination herbage, reach the object realizing substituting Sandbur.
The invention provides a kind of method controlling Sandbur, comprise screening and cultivate herbage, screening comprises: by the growing environment of hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke, growth rate, reproduction speed, vegetative period, situation of setting seeds respectively with Sandbur ratio; Cultivation comprises plantation.
It is provided by the invention that a kind of to control implantation methods in the method for Sandbur be plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or the method for jerusalem artichoke; Hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke bar are sowed at growth to have between Gansu Province through turning over of Sandbur, sowing depth is 5 ?15cm, suppresses after earthing 1 ?2cm, irrigates.
A kind of degree of depth controlling to deep plough in the method for Sandbur provided by the invention be 18 ?22cm.
Provided by the invention a kind of control Gansu Province in the method for Sandbur wide be 40 ?60cm, Gansu Province high 20 ?30cm.
Provided by the invention a kind of control Gansu Province spacing in the method for Sandbur be 10 ?20cm.
Provided by the invention a kind of control sowing depth in the method for Sandbur be 5 ?10cm.
Provided by the invention a kind of control sowing depth in the method for Sandbur be 10 ?15cm.
Provided by the invention a kind of control to turn in the method for Sandbur before burnings carried out to growing area clear up.
Provided by the inventionly a kind ofly control in the method for Sandbur, after turning over, can medicament of cutting weeds be sprayed.
A kind of mass ratio controlling jerusalem artichoke and hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed in the method for Sandbur provided by the invention be 1:1 ?1.5.
With immediate technical scheme ratio, technical scheme provided by the invention has following excellent effect:
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum Pennisetum americanum × P.purpureum that the present invention selects is grass family Pennisetum annual herb plant, is the crossbreed of American pennisetum alopecuroides and napier grass.With Sandbur ratio, the hybrid Chinese pennisetum that the present invention selects is resistant to lodging, drought resisting, moisture-proof acid resistance are stronger, and the soil of pH5.5 still can grow, and salt resistance is better, and moderate solonchak can grow.Comparatively Sandbur has obvious hybrid vigour, have that output is high, strong stress resistance, comparatively salt tolerant, to the advantage such as soil requirement is lower.The jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L. that the present invention selects is herbaceos perennial, and cultivation jerusalem artichoke is taller and bigger compared with Sandbur plant, growth is rapider.
The present invention is by reasonable disposition hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke, and after plantation, Sandbur soil seed bank, soil seed pool, density, plant height and tiller number obviously reduce, and plantation Eclectics pearl millet+jerusalem artichoke combined effect is better than planting separately hybrid Chinese pennisetum or jerusalem artichoke.During plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke combination, seed bank is minimum is down to 694.4/m
2; Sandbur density is minimum is only 9.6 strains/m
2, Sandbur density decreases 94.1% compared with the group of check plot; Plant height inhibiting rate reaches can up to 75.34% and 86.93% with tiller number inhibiting rate.
[embodiment]
Puncture vine is spent mainly to be distributed in Northwestern Part of Liaoning Province, In Eastern Inner Mongolia, Southern Jilin Province three province Area Of Intersection less.Distribution in Liaoning Province mainly concentrate on Fuxin, Jinzhou, Chaoyang, Tieling and Around Shenyang City area, be mainly distributed in Xarachin District, Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, be mainly distributed in surrounding area, Shuangliao City in Jilin.Distribution area is about 51800hm
2, the area that harm weighs reaches 1520hm
2though other areas do not form harm to a certain degree, have the gesture spread yet.The present invention utilizes hybrid Chinese pennisetum to grow rapidly, can cover ground rapidly, drought-enduring feature, inhibits emerging and growing of Sandbur in early stage; And jerusalem artichoke grows up rapidly equally, dense colony can be formed fast, gradually Sandbur is suppressed down by Shade effect, finally occur that field is without Sandbur or the small and weak situation of Sandbur, and jerusalem artichoke is perennial plant, the effect controlling Sandbur can be played for a long time.Hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke, compare with Sandbur respectively to its growing environment, growth rate, reproduction speed, vegetative period, situation of setting seeds; And seeding method is optimized, comprise the aspects such as Planting Row Distance, sowing depth, planting density, by the sowing management of more science, and be equipped with combination herbage, reach the object realizing substituting Sandbur.
Survey region is positioned at: bush Bu Lingacha village, Mo Li mausoleum, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia city (N43.58 °, E121.85 °), and this area's Sandbur occurring area is large, and harm is serious.
Each cell size 5 × 5m
2.
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum × P.purpureum)
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum: be purchased from Beijing gold soil agrotechnique research institute
Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L.: for certainly reserving seed for planting.
Operating procedure:
1. first burning cleaning is carried out to deadwood in demonstration quarter, as requested to needing the community of turning over, carrying out machinery and turning over, deep plough 18 ?25cm, carefully harrow, a kind of farm tools is put down.
2. spray grassy weed medicament, the Sandbur of having emerged is gone out and removes.(this sees that actual conditions operate, if the grassland after turning over, without Sandbur, can not spray)
3. as requested, play Gansu Province with tractor, after playing Gansu Province, delimit community.
4., after delimiting community, the setting according to each community sowed, and preferably select to sow after the rain, after planting suitably suppress, with the feelings that preserve soil moisture.
(each community is 5 × 5m to the assay method of each index of Sandbur as follows
2, random selecting)
Density: the multiple 1m of random selecting
2sample prescription, the plant quantity of Sandbur in statistics sample prescription, calculating mean value.
Plant height: every 5, community sampling, gets 4 strains at often, measures plant height, calculate the mean value of plant height with the tape measure that minimum scale is 1mm.
Tiller number: 5, each community sampling, gets 4 strains at often and carries out counting and ask calculation mean value.
Seed bank: each community random selecting 5 points, with scuppit get in the sample prescription that area is 1m × 1m 10cm × 10cm subquadrat sampling, Stratified Sampling, depth selection be followed successively by 0 ?2cm (upper strata), 2cm ?5cm (middle level), 5cm ?10cm (lower floor).The soil sample of fetching is crossed 1mm aperture sieve, add up every layer of Sandbur seed amount, and calculating mean value.
Soil seed bank, soil seed pool refer to the soil surface that is present in and determines area and under soil layer in the summation of the great-hearted seed of tool, be the basis that population is settled down, survives, multiplies and spreads, also can as an important indicator of inspection Weeds distribution effect.
The composition of research soil seed bank, soil seed pool, dynamic and rule, help mankind's controlling ecological environment aspect to make Rational Decision and measure.
In the present invention, term " biological substitution method " refers to by planting one or more plants, another or growing of various plants in same growing environment are suppressed, thus making described " one or more plants " in described same growing environment, instead of the method for described " another or various plants ", this biological substitution is owned by France in a kind of biological control method for replaced plant.In the present invention, replaced plant is Sandbur, and the plant in order to alternative Sandbur is hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke.
Table 1 experiment starts front Sandbur density
Table 2 experiment starts front Sandbur seed bank situation
What table 1 and table 2 data showed is before experiment starts, the situation of Sandbur in sample plot, and drawn by data in table, before experiment starts, the averag density of Sandbur is 274.4 strains/m
2, the seed bank size average out to 7154/m of Sandbur in three-layer soil
2, and seed concentrates in top layer (0 ~ 2cm) soil mostly, as seen before experiment starts, the Occurrence degree of Sandbur is larger.
Table 3 experiment starts rear Sandbur density (strain/m
2)
As can be seen from Table 3, after experiment, Sandbur density has obvious reduction, and wherein hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district group is better than hybrid Chinese pennisetum single, jerusalem artichoke single district group, and in hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district group, Sandbur density is minimum is only 9.6 strains/m
2, and in the group of check plot, the density of Sandbur is 163.4 strains/m
2, Sandbur density reduces 94.1%.
Table 4 experiment starts rear Sandbur seed bank situation
As can be seen from table 4 data, after experiment, Sandbur soil seed bank, soil seed pool reduces obviously, and hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district group control effects is best, and in three-layer soil, seed bank size is minimum is only 694.4/m
2, and in the group of check plot, Sandbur seed bank size is 4812 strains/m
2.
Table 5 experiment starts rear Sandbur plant height, tiller number
As shown in Table 5, hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district group Sandbur plant height and tiller number comparatively check plot group have obvious reduction, in the group of check plot, Sandbur plant height is 38.52cm, tiller number is 39.8, and the minimum 9.5cm that is only of Sandbur plant height in hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district group, plant height inhibiting rate can up to 75.34%; Tiller number is minimum is 5.2, and tiller number inhibiting rate is 86.93%.The explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind controls the method for Sandbur, described method comprises screening and cultivates herbage, it is characterized in that described screening comprises: by growing environment, growth rate, reproduction speed, the vegetative period of hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke, connect seed situation respectively with Sandbur ratio; Described cultivation comprises plantation.
2. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, described implantation methods is the method for plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke; Described method comprises: hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke bar being sowed at growth has between Gansu Province through turning over of Sandbur, and sowing depth is 5 ?15cm, suppresses after earthing 1 ?2cm, irrigates.
3. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that the degree of depth of described deep ploughing be 18 ?22cm.
4. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described Gansu Province wide be 40 ?60cm, Gansu Province high 20 ?30cm.
5. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described Gansu Province spacing be 10 ?20cm.
6. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described sowing depth be 5 ?10cm.
7. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described sowing depth be 10 ?15cm.
8. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that before described turning over, burn cleaning growing area.
9. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 2, can spray cut weeds medicament after turning over described in it is characterized in that.
10. a kind of method controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the mass ratio of described jerusalem artichoke and hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed be 1:1 ?1.5.
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| CN105284493A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for controlling Cenchrus pauciflorus by using leguminous forage |
| CN105532240A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-05-04 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for replacing field sandbur with Chinese wildrye for controlling sand |
| CN109169027A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-11 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | The method of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion |
| CN109874612A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-14 | 江苏大学 | A kind of biological substitution method controlling pernicious invasive weed Solidago Canadensis |
| CN112913615A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method for replacing and controlling aircraft grass by jerusalem artichoke |
| CN116762650A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-09-19 | 辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所 | Method for building, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grassland |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112913615A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method for replacing and controlling aircraft grass by jerusalem artichoke |
| CN116762650A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-09-19 | 辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所 | Method for building, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grassland |
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