CN104782382B - A kind of method for controlling Sandbur - Google Patents
A kind of method for controlling Sandbur Download PDFInfo
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- CN104782382B CN104782382B CN201510229353.3A CN201510229353A CN104782382B CN 104782382 B CN104782382 B CN 104782382B CN 201510229353 A CN201510229353 A CN 201510229353A CN 104782382 B CN104782382 B CN 104782382B
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- sandbur
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- jerusalem artichoke
- chinese pennisetum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/40—Monitoring or fighting invasive species
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Abstract
It is specially a kind of to screen the method for determining that herbage hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke control Sandbur the invention provides a kind of ecosystem control method.The method that the present invention is provided is using herbage hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke control Sandbur, science is equipped with by reasonably combined hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke and sows management, contended with Sandbur using its growth vigor, intrusion behavior that is lasting and effectively inhibiting Sandbur, for control Invasive Alien Species Sandbur provides guarantee.
Description
【Technical field】
It is especially a kind of to substitute the few flower of control using hybrid Chinese pennisetum and jerusalem artichoke the present invention relates to biological substitution technical field
The method of sandbur.
【Background technology】
In nature, biotic intrusion is a kind of phenomenon of generally existing, and the species of biotic intrusion also includes almost institute
Some biological groups, with global economic integration, international, domestic trade contact is more and more frequent, the machine that biology success is invaded
Rate is also greatly increased.Invasive plants produce serious interference to the structure of the specific ecosystem, function and ecological environment
With harm.Invasive plants have influence on each ecosystem and biota, are absorbed in hundreds of local species and go out
Exhausted condition, accelerates the forfeiture of bio-diversity and the extinction of species.
China is the large agricultural country that a real estate is abundant, species are various, and influence of the biotic intrusion to China is particularly acute.Outward
Come biological invasion and local Species Competition living space, nutrient, jeopardize the existence of local species particularly rare and endangered species, make
Into the forfeiture of bio-diversity, the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function to China's ecosystem produces harmful effect；Invasive plants are to farmland
Gardening, lawn, forest, herding, aquatic products etc. can bring direct economy to endanger；Invasive plants invade the nature on ground by changing
The ecosystem, reduction species diversity to local society, culture even health of people so that produce serious harm.Biotic intrusion is just
As one of key factor for threatening the production of China agriculture and forestry, bio-diversity and ecological environment.
At present, the identified Strategy of Alien Invasive Species placed on record of China has 427 kinds, wherein：Plant pathogenic microorganisms 55
Plant (30 kinds of fungi, 6 kinds of bacterium, viral 10 kinds, 9 kinds of nematode)；244 kinds of plant (18 kinds of water plant, 226 kinds of terrestrial)；Animal
128 kinds (including invertebrate, amphibians and reptiles, fish, mammality etc.).
Alien Weeds-Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth are grass family Poaceae Cenchruses
The raw annual herb plant of Cenehrus droughts, popular name grass dog, careless puncture vine, originates in torrid zone America, and fibrous root is distributed in 5-20cm's
In soil layer, the husky set of tool.Stem cylindrical, hollow, shape of partly crawling, 30-70cm high, tillering ability is extremely strong, leaf sword shape alternate.Spike,
1-2 pieces of fasciation bunchy of small ear, its periphery is the thorn bud healed by infertile small ear, and each thorn bud contains 2 seeds.Thorn bud is several to be in
It is spherical, 6.2-6.8mm long, 4.2-5.5mm wide, the bottom tool pubescence of thorn bud and thorn.Small ear is avette, stockless, 4.6-4.9mm long,
2.5-2.8mm wide.Sandbur breeding coefficient is high, and a plant is solid 70-80, and most persons spend puncture vine less up to 500
Grass can resist arid, when environment is especially harsh, simply tiller number reduce, but plant remain to it is solid, complete it life week
Phase.As long as spring, summer, autumn run into the epidemic disaster and air of matters, can at any time be sprouted, be bloomed, solid.In each thorn bud
2 seeds run into it is suitable under conditions of, only one water suction sprouting forms plant, and another grain is suppressed, in dormancy shape
State, keeps vitality, but when the plant that sprouting is formed is impaired dead, the seed that another grain is not sprouted breaking dormancy shape at once
Into plant, bred.Seed generative propagation.The most small hangnails of thorn bud tool, can adhere to clothes, animal skin and goods
Upper propagation, seed is often sprouted in thorn bud.
The careless adaptability is extremely strong, and various adverse circumstances can grow.Just have very when just starting to invade certain location
Strong competitiveness, suppresses other herbage growths, and the dominant plant of the group just can be formed within several years, until the group its
He is suppressed annual plant completely, almost forms single Sandbur group.After the fruit maturation of Sandbur its
Thorn bud is very rigid, and mechanical damage is caused to livestock, the value of livestock products is influenceed, while causing great damage to wool textile industry
Lose.Invading in area that Van Gogh is dry, the hills of arid sand, sand hill, Sha Tuo, dykes and dams, graveyard, road both sides, edge of a field rand,
Waste lattice, pile wasteland, it is in point-like, banding, the distribution of sheet to have Sandbur in slash, or even farmland.
The method of preventing and treating Sandbur is only limited to publicize, quarantines at present, machinery is pulled out and chemical prevention, is taken a large amount of
Manpower, material resources and financial resources.
【The content of the invention】
The present invention is rapid using hybrid Chinese pennisetum growth, can rapidly cover ground, the characteristics of drought-enduring, is suppressed in early stage
Sandbur is emerged and is grown；And jerusalem artichoke equally grows up rapidly, dense colony can be quickly formed, by effect of sheltering from heat or light
Gradually Sandbur should be suppressed down, field finally occur without the small and weak situation of Sandbur or Sandbur,
And jerusalem artichoke is perennial plant, can play a part of to control Sandbur for a long time.Fully screening determines herbage more afterwards
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke, to its growing environment, the speed of growth, reproduction speed, growth period, situation of setting seeds respectively with few flower
Sandbur is compared；And seeding method is optimized, including aspects such as Planting Row Distance, depth of planting, planting densities, by more
The sowing management of science, and it is equipped with the purpose that combination herbage realizes replacement Sandbur to reach.
The invention provides a kind of method for controlling Sandbur, including screening and cultivation herbage, screening includes：Will be miscellaneous
Hand over growing environment, the speed of growth, reproduction speed, growth period, the situation of setting seeds of Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke respectively with Sandbur
Than；Cultivation includes plantation.
Implantation methods are plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or chrysanthemum in a kind of method for controlling Sandbur that the present invention is provided
The method of taro；Between hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke bar are sowed at into Gansu Province through turning over that growth has Sandbur, depth of planting is
5-15cm, suppresses after earthing 1-2cm, irrigates.
The depth deep ploughed in a kind of method for controlling Sandbur that the present invention is provided is 18-22cm.
The a width of 40-60cm in Gansu Province, Gansu Province 20-30cm high in a kind of method of control Sandbur that the present invention is provided.
Gansu Province spacing is 10-20cm in a kind of method for controlling Sandbur that the present invention is provided.
Depth of planting is 5-10cm in a kind of method for controlling Sandbur that the present invention is provided.
Depth of planting is 10-15cm in a kind of method for controlling Sandbur that the present invention is provided.
Burning cleaning is carried out to growing area before being turned in a kind of method of control Sandbur that the present invention is provided.
In a kind of method of control Sandbur that the present invention is provided, medicament of cutting weeds can be sprayed after turning over.
The mass ratio of jerusalem artichoke and hybrid Chinese pennisetum seed is in a kind of method for controlling Sandbur that the present invention is provided
1：1‐1.5.
With immediate technical scheme ratio, the present invention provide technical scheme there is following excellent effect：
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum Pennisetum americanum × P.purpureum that the present invention is selected is grass family wolf tail
Grass category annual herb plant, is the cenospecies of American pennisetum alopecuroides and napier grass.The hybridization selected with Sandbur ratio, the present invention
Chinese pennisetum is resistant to lodging, drought resisting, moisture-proof acid resistance are stronger, remains to growth on the soil of pH5.5, salt tolerance more preferably, in moderate salt
Can be grown on soil.There is obvious hybrid vigour compared with Sandbur, with yield is high, strong stress resistance, compared with salt tolerant, to soil
It is required that more low advantage.The jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L. that the present invention is selected are herbaceos perennial, cultivate chrysanthemum
Taro is taller and bigger compared with Sandbur plant, growing more rapidly.
The present invention is Sandbur soil seed bank, soil seed pool after plantation, close by reasonable disposition hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke
Degree, plant height and tiller number are substantially reduced, and plantation Eclectics Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke combined effect is better than individually plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum or chrysanthemum
Taro.When plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke combines, seed bank is minimum to be down to 694.4/m2；Sandbur density is minimum to be only
9.6 plants/m2, Sandbur density reduces 94.1% compared with district's groups are compareed；Plant height inhibiting rate reaches and tiller number inhibiting rate
Up to 75.34% and 86.93%.
【Specific embodiment】
Puncture vine is spent to be mainly distributed on Northwestern Part of Liaoning Province, In Eastern Inner Mongolia, the province of Southern Jilin Province three intersection ground less
Area.Distribution in Liaoning Province is concentrated mainly on Fuxin, Jinzhou, Chaoyang, Tieling and in Shenyang surrounding area, autonomous in the Inner Mongol
Area is mainly distributed on Tongliao City Xarachin District, and Shuangliao City surrounding area is mainly distributed in Jilin.Distribution area about 51800hm2,
The area for endangering weight reaches 1520hm2Though, other areas do not constitute a certain degree of harm, there is the gesture for spreading yet.Profit of the invention
Grown rapidly with hybrid Chinese pennisetum, can rapidly cover ground, the characteristics of drought-enduring, emerging for Sandbur is inhibited in early stage
And growth；And jerusalem artichoke equally grows up rapidly, dense colony can be quickly formed, by Shade effect gradually by Sandbur
Suppression is gone down, and field finally occurs without the small and weak situation of Sandbur or Sandbur, and jerusalem artichoke is perennial plant
Thing, can play a part of to control Sandbur for a long time.Hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke, to its growing environment, growth speed
Degree, reproduction speed, growth period, situation of setting seeds compare with Sandbur respectively；And seeding method is optimized, including plantation
The aspects such as line-spacing, depth of planting, planting density, managed by the sowing of more science, and be equipped with combination herbage and reached realization
Substitute the purpose of Sandbur.
Survey region is located at：Tongliao, Inner Mongolia city Mo Li mausoleums bush Bu Lingacha villages (N43.58 °, E121.85 °), the ground
Area's Sandbur occurring area is big, and harm is serious.
5 × 5m of each cell size2。
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum × P.purpureum)
Hybrid Chinese pennisetum：It is purchased from Beijing gold soil agricultural technology research institute
Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L.：It is to reserve seed for planting certainly.
Operating procedure：
1. burning cleaning is carried out to deadwood in demonstration quarter first, the cell turned over to needs as requested is carried out
Machinery is turned over, and deep ploughing 18-25cm, thin rake, a kind of farm tools are put down.
2. grassy weed medicament is sprayed, and the Sandbur to having emerged go out removing.(this sees that actual conditions are grasped
Make, if the grassland after turning over, without Sandbur, can not spray)
3. Gansu Province as requested, is played with tractor, cell delimited after playing Gansu Province.
4. delimit after cell, the setting according to each cell is sowed, and is preferably selected and is sowed after the rain, is after planting carried out
Appropriate suppression, with the feelings that preserve soil moisture.
The assay method of each index of Sandbur is following, and (each cell is 5 × 5m2, randomly select)
Density：Randomly select multiple 1m2Sample prescription, the plant quantity of Sandbur, calculates average value in statistics sample prescription.
Plant height：Per 5 points of samplings of cell, every takes 4 plants, and plant height is determined with the tape measure that minimum scale is 1mm, calculates plant height
Average value.
Tiller number：The 5 points of samplings of each cell, every takes 4 plants and is counted and asked calculation average value.
Seed bank：Each cell randomly selects 5 points, in area is that 10cm × 10cm is taken in the sample prescription of 1m × 1m with scuppit
Subquadrat sampling, Stratified Sampling, depth selection is followed successively by 0-2cm (upper strata), 2cm-5cm (middle level), 5cm-10cm (lower floor).
The soil sample that will be fetched crosses 1mm apertures sieve, counts every layer of Sandbur seed amount, and calculate average value.
Soil seed bank, soil seed pool refer to be present in determine area soil surface and its under soil layer in have great-hearted seed
Summation, is the basis of population colonization, existence, procreation and diffusion, it is also possible to as an important finger of inspection Weeds distribution effect
Mark.
Composition, dynamic and the rule of soil seed bank, soil seed pool are studied, helps mankind's controlling ecological environment aspect to make Rational Decision
With measure.
In the present invention, term " biological substitution method " refers to by planting one or more plant, making same growing environment
In another or growing for various plants be suppressed so that " one or more plant " is described same
The method that " another or the various plants " are instead of in growing environment, this biological substitution is owned by France to plant in for by replacement
A kind of biological control method of thing.In the present invention, the plant for being substituted is Sandbur, is used to substitute Sandbur
Plant is hybrid Chinese pennisetum and/or jerusalem artichoke.
The experiment of table 1 starts preceding Sandbur density
The experiment of table 2 starts preceding Sandbur seed bank situation
Tables 1 and 2 data display is the situation of Sandbur in sample plot, by data in table before experiment starts
Draw, before experiment starts, the averag density of Sandbur is 274.4 plants/m2, the seed bank of Sandbur in three-layer soil
7154/m of size average out to2, and seed is mostly focused in top layer (0~2cm) soil, it is seen that and before experiment starts, few flower
The Occurrence degree of sandbur is than larger.
The experiment of table 3 starts rear Sandbur density (strain/m2)
As can be seen from Table 3, after experiment, Sandbur density has substantially reduction, wherein hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district's groups
Better than hybrid Chinese pennisetum single, jerusalem artichoke single district's groups, in hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district's groups, Sandbur density is minimum is only
9.6 plants/m2, and the density for compareing Sandbur in district's groups is 163.4 plants/m2, Sandbur density reduction 94.1%.
The experiment of table 4 starts rear Sandbur seed bank situation
After can be seen that experiment by the data of table 4, the reduction of Sandbur soil seed bank, soil seed pool is obvious, hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke
District's groups control effect is optimal, and it is only 694.4/m that seed bank size is minimum in three-layer soil2, and compare and spend puncture vine in district's groups less
Grass seeds word bank size is 4812 plants/m2。
The experiment of table 5 starts rear Sandbur plant height, tiller number
As shown in Table 5, hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district's groups Sandbur plant height relatively compares district's groups with tiller number substantially drop
Low, Sandbur plant height is 38.52cm in control district's groups, and tiller number is 39.8, and few in hybrid Chinese pennisetum+jerusalem artichoke district's groups
It is only 9.5cm that flower sandbur plant height is minimum, and plant height inhibiting rate may be up to 75.34%；Minimum 5.2 of tiller number, tiller number suppression
Rate processed is 86.93%.The explanation of above example is only intended to help and understands the method for the present invention and its core concept.Should refer to
Go out, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, the present invention can also be carried out
Some improvement and modification, these are improved and modification is also fallen into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of control Sandbur method, methods described include screen and cultivate herbage, it is characterised in that the screening
Including：By the growing environment of hybrid Chinese pennisetum and jerusalem artichoke, the speed of growth, reproduction speed, growth period, situation of setting seeds respectively with few flower
Sandbur ratio；
The cultivation includes plantation, and the implantation methods are the method for planting hybrid Chinese pennisetum and jerusalem artichoke；Methods described includes：Will
Between hybrid Chinese pennisetum and jerusalem artichoke bar are sowed at Gansu Province through turning over that growth has Sandbur, depth of planting is 5-15cm, earthing 1-
Suppressed after 2cm, irrigated.
2. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the depth turned over is 18-
22cm。
3. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that a width of 40-60cm in Gansu Province,
Gansu Province 20-30cm high.
4. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that Gansu Province spacing is 10-
20cm。
5. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the depth of planting is 5-
10cm。
6. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the depth of planting is 10-
15cm。
7. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that burn clear before described turning over
Reason growing area.
8. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described turn over after can spray and remove
Weeds medicament.
9. a kind of method for controlling Sandbur as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the jerusalem artichoke and hybridization wolf tail
The mass ratio of grass seed is 1：1-1.5.
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| CN201510229353.3A CN104782382B (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2015-05-07 | A kind of method for controlling Sandbur |
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| CN104782382B true CN104782382B (en) | 2017-06-16 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284493A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for controlling Cenchrus pauciflorus by using leguminous forage |
| CN105532240A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-05-04 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for replacing field sandbur with Chinese wildrye for controlling sand |
| CN109169027A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-11 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | The method of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion |
| CN109874612A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-14 | 江苏大学 | A kind of biological substitution method controlling pernicious invasive weed Solidago Canadensis |
| CN112913615A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method for replacing and controlling aircraft grass by jerusalem artichoke |
| CN116762650A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-09-19 | 辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所 | Method for building, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grassland |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102823466B (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2017-11-24 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of method that sunflower substitutes control Sandbur |
| CN102948319A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-03-06 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for replacing and controlling malignantly-invasive weed ragweed by utilizing hybrid grassiness |
| CN103385143A (en) * | 2013-07-27 | 2013-11-13 | 雷学军 | Method for defining fast-growing plant scope |
| CN104429548B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-09-14 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of method controlling Alien Weeds solidago canadesis |
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