CN116762650A - Method for building, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grassland - Google Patents
Method for building, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grassland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of invasive biological control, in particular to a method for constructing, planting, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grasslands. In the area to be treated where the Tribulus terrestris occurs, grass planting beans are planted in a mixed mode, and the Paris polyphylla is harvested, so that the Tribulus terrestris is treated. The invention utilizes the rapid planting of the grass and bean mixed sowing artificial grassland, and the growth advantage of the grass and the grass are balanced, thus the invasion of the grass can be continuously restrained and prevented, the ecological benefit is realized, and simultaneously, the excellent pasture can be harvested by harvesting the continuous paraquat of the mixed sowing artificial grassland, and the economic benefit is created.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to the technical field of invasive biological control, in particular to a method for constructing, planting, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grasslands.
The background technology is as follows:
in nature, living things invade into a new environment from a native place through natural conditions or human factors, and threatens, loses or disasters are caused to the new environment, namely the living diversity of the invaded place, the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and the life health of human beings, namely the living things invade. The phenomenon of biological invasion is a very common phenomenon, and its category also includes almost all biological groups.
The exotic organism invasion can unbalance each ecological system which forms a stable rule through long-term development, so that the system among organisms is disturbed, exotic invasive species can rapidly spread and expand in an invading place due to the lack of natural enemies and other constraint factors, a dominant population is formed, limited food resources and space resources are competing with local species, the structural stability and genetic diversity of a local biological community are affected, and the local ecological balance is damaged, so that the human health is endangered.
Tribulus terrestris (Cenchrus spinifex cav.) belonging to the family Gramineae, genus Tribulus annual herbs, is produced in the sandy soil of North America and tropical coastal areas, and has become a global weed.
The tribulus terrestris has vigorous vitality, can grow in any soil environment, is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, pruning-resistant and sand-burying-resistant, has extremely strong adaptability and competitiveness, and rarely causes diseases and insect pests. The only propagation mode of the tribulus terrestris is that the seeds can germinate at any time and bloom and fruit, and even if the seeds buried underground for years are exposed out of the ground and meet proper conditions, the seeds can still be propagated. The plant is especially drought-resistant, when the environment (mainly moisture) is especially harsh, the tillering is reduced, the height is reduced, but the plant can still be firm, and the life cycle of the plant is completed. The Tribulus terrestris seeds exposed on the ground can germinate, grow and reproduce in the 2 nd year under the condition of-30 to 20 ℃. The tribulus terrestris has extremely strong vitality, can be quickly propagated after being transferred into a certain area, fights for growth resources with other crops, inhibits the growth of other crops, has hard mature fruit thorn bags, can cause mechanical damage to livestock, affects the value of the livestock and causes serious loss to related industries of livestock products.
At present, the control method for the tribulus terrestris mainly concentrated on propaganda, quarantine, mechanical pulling, chemical control and single species substitution, and a great deal of manpower, material resources and financial resources are spent.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing control method and the defect of unsatisfactory control effect of the tribulus terrestris, and provides a method for controlling the tribulus terrestris by utilizing the mixed sowing artificial grassland to plant.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for controlling the plant of Tribulus terrestris by using the artificial grass field of mixed sowing includes such steps as sowing the grass seeds in the region to be treated where Tribulus terrestris is generated, and harvesting the grass seeds to treat Tribulus terrestris.
Further, the leguminous forage grass seeds and the gramineous forage grass seeds are mixed in autumn, sowing is carried out between the ploughed ridges in which the tribulus terrestris growing, then the spring Parthenocissus tricuspidata is harvested in successive years, and further the management of the tribulus terrestris is realized.
The leguminous forage grass seeds and the gramineous forage grass seeds are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-5:9-5, and the preferable ratio is 3:7.
The leguminous forage grass is one or more of alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor; grass seeds of gramineous pasture: one or more of herba Oenotherae Erythrosepalae, herba Ipomoeae Dillenii, herba Lespedezae Bicoloris, and herba Lespedezae Cuneatae.
Preferably, the leguminous forage grass is alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor; grass seeds of gramineous pasture: herba Oenotherae Erythrosepalae, herba Ipomoeae Dillericae, and herba Caprae Seu Ovis.
Ploughing the planting area in autumn sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25cm; the sowing depth is 2-5cm, and the soil is covered by 1-2cm after sowing.
The sowing in autumn adopts mechanical drill sowing, the sowing density is 1.5-2 kg/mu, and the row spacing of the mechanical drill sowing is 10-15cm.
The stubble height is 8-10cm when the paraquat is harvested.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, after mechanical mixed sowing of leguminous forage grass and gramineous forage grass is reasonably configured, the density, plant height and biomass of the tribulus terrestris can be effectively reduced by planting the artificial grassland, and multi-species biological substitution is realized. The invention adopts excellent forage grass seeds, can provide better livestock forage grass resources while preventing and controlling the tribulus terrestris, and can increase economic benefit while realizing ecological benefit.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the invention, artificial grasslands are planted by reasonably proportioning the planted grass beans in the region where the tribulus terrestris occurs and the continuous cropping is carried out. The grass and the grass are planted in a mixed manner to realize the ecological benefit by using the rapid planting of the grass and the grass, the growth advantage of the grass and the grass are balanced, the invasion of the grass can be continuously restrained and prevented, and meanwhile, excellent pasture can be harvested by harvesting the continuous cropping of the grass and the grass, thereby creating economic benefit.
Randomly selecting 5×5m of Tribulus terrestris emergence region 2 Region 33 was used as the experimental cell for examples 1-10, examples 11-20, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively, each of which was repeated 3 times. The cultivation area is ploughed to a ploughing depth of 20-25cm, and the following examples and comparative examples are carried out after ploughing.
The invention adopts four leguminous grasses of alfalfa, bearded, sweet clover and two-color lespedeza to carry out mixed sowing, wherein the leguminous grasses of the sweet clover are two-year-old plants, and naturally die after the overyear, the seeds of the leguminous grasses of the sweet clover germinate more strongly, the seedlings grow rapidly, the effect of protecting the growth of the bearded sweet clover and the seedling stage of the alfalfa can be achieved, the soil condition of the mixed sowing grasses can be fully developed, and meanwhile, the addition of the two-color lespedeza shrubs can better prevent wind and fix sand, thereby being beneficial to the stability of artificial grasses for construction; grass of gramineae is selected from the group consisting of elymus lanceolatus, elymus tenuifolia, elymus platyphyllus and leymus chinensis, wherein the leymus chinensis is a good local grass seed, is a main forage grass source in winter and spring and is mixed with leguminous forage grass to realize complementation of forage grass protein content and soluble carbohydrate, and the yield of the forage grass can be greatly improved. By utilizing the different spatial distribution characteristics of different grass seeds on the ground and underground, four kinds of pasture grass are selected for mixed sowing, so that the overground and underground space of the grass planting field can be more fully occupied, and the emergence and growth of weeds are further inhibited.
Example 1
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:9, mechanically sowing in autumn, sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, row spacing of 10-15cm, sowing depth of 2-5cm, earthing for 1-2cm after sowing, harvesting the grass in spring in the second year, and measuring experimental data in autumn in the second year.
Example 2
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:9, mechanically sowing in autumn, sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, row spacing of 10-15cm, sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, and measuring experimental data in autumn of the next year.
Example 3
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stalk agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 2:8, mechanically drill, sowing with the sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, the row spacing of 10-15cm, the sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, harvesting the grass in the next spring, and measuring experimental data in autumn and spring of the second year.
Example 4
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 2:8, mechanically sowing in autumn, sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, row spacing of 10-15cm, sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, and measuring experimental data in autumn of the next year.
Example 5
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 3:7, mechanically drill, sowing with the sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, the row spacing of 10-15cm, the sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, harvesting the grass in the next spring, and measuring experimental data in autumn and spring of the second year.
Example 6
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 3:7, mechanically sowing in autumn, sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, row spacing of 10-15cm, sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, and measuring experimental data in autumn of the next year.
Example 7
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 4:6, mechanically drill, sowing with the sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, the row spacing of 10-15cm, the sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, harvesting the grass in the next spring, and measuring experimental data in autumn and spring of the second year.
Example 8
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 4:6, mechanically sowing in autumn, sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, row spacing of 10-15cm, sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, and measuring experimental data in autumn of the next year.
Example 9
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stalk agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 5:5, mechanically drill, sowing with the sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, the row spacing of 10-15cm, the sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, harvesting the grass in the next spring in a standing manner, and measuring experimental data in autumn of the second year.
Example 10
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Uniformly mixing four kinds of leguminous forage grass seeds including alfalfa, schefflera, sweet clover and lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including elymus chinensis, fine-stem agropyron, herba polygoni avicularis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, uniformly mixing the four kinds of grass forage grass seeds including leguminous forage grass seeds and grass forage grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 5:5, mechanically sowing in autumn, sowing density of 1.5-2 kg/mu, row spacing of 10-15cm, sowing depth of 2-5cm, covering soil of 1-2cm after sowing, and measuring experimental data in autumn of the next year.
Comparative example 1
The soil for the test described above is naturally left after ploughing without planting any crop. Experimental data were measured in autumn the second year.
Test example 1
The density, plant height, root length, leaf number, branch number, main branch node number, secondary branch number, caryopsis number, fresh weight of the overground part and dry weight of the overground part of each experimental plot of the invention examples 1 to 10 were measured on the day 29 of 8 months of the second year of sowing in autumn, and the experimental data of the invention examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 were compared with those of the experimental plot of comparative example 1, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 11
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 1, the wilt is harvested in spring in the third year after artificial grasslands are planted in a mixed mode, and experimental data are measured in autumn in the third year
Example 12
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 2, experimental data were determined in autumn in the third year after the artificial grasslands were planted in a mixed manner.
Example 13
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 3, the wilt is harvested in spring in the third year after artificial grasslands are planted in a mixed mode, and experimental data are measured in autumn in the third year
Example 14
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 4, experimental data were determined in autumn in the third year after the artificial grasslands were planted in a mixed manner.
Example 15
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 5, the wilt is harvested in spring in the third year after artificial grasslands are planted in a mixed mode, and experimental data are measured in autumn in the third year
Example 16
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 6, experimental data were determined in autumn in the third year after the artificial grasslands were planted in a mixed manner.
Example 17
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 7, the wilt is harvested in spring in the third year after artificial grasslands are planted in a mixed mode, and experimental data are measured in autumn in the third year
Example 18
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 8, experimental data were determined in autumn in the third year after the artificial grasslands were planted in a mixed manner.
Example 19
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 9, the wilt is harvested in spring in the third year after artificial grasslands are planted in a mixed mode, and experimental data are measured in autumn in the third year
Example 20
This example is for explaining the method of the present invention for controlling Tribulus terrestris by artificially constructing grasslands by mixed sowing.
Based on the basis of example 10, experimental data were determined in autumn in the third year after the artificial grasslands were planted in a mixed manner.
Comparative example 2
Naturally placing after ploughing, and not planting any crops. Experimental data were measured in autumn in the third year.
Test example 2
The density, plant height, root length, leaf number, branch number, main branch node number, secondary branch number, caryopsis number, fresh weight of the overground part and dry weight of the overground part of each experimental plot of the invention examples 11 to 20 were measured on the third 8 month 29 days of sowing in autumn, and the experimental data of the invention examples 11 to 20 and comparative example 2 were compared with those of the experimental plot of comparative example 2, see table 2.
TABLE 2
In summary, by comparing examples 1 to 10 with comparative example 1 in Table 1, and by comparing examples 11 to 20 with comparative example 2 in Table 2, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can greatly reduce the density, plant height, root length, leaf number, branch number, main branch node number, secondary branch number, caryopsis number and biomass of the overground part of Tribulus terrestris. Has inhibiting effect on the growth of Tribulus terrestris.
As can be seen by comparing the examples 1-10, the mixed planting of the leguminous forage and the gramineous forage according to different proportions can inhibit the growth of the tribulus terrestris, wherein the mass ratio of 3:7 has more obvious effect; as can be seen by comparing examples 11-20, the sowing amount of the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass is proportioned according to the mass ratio of 3:7, so that the growth of the tribulus terrestris can be better inhibited; comparing examples 1 and 2, examples 3 and 4, examples 5 and 6, examples 7 and 8, examples 9 and 10, examples 11 and 12, examples 13 and 14, examples 15 and 16, examples 17 and 18, and examples 19 and 20, respectively, it can be seen that the artificial mixed-seeding grasslands without the paraquat harvest in spring can better inhibit the growth of Tribulus terrestris, and the effect of proportioning leguminous grasses and gramineous grasses in the mass ratio of 3:7 is better outstanding, but the effective utilization of the mixed-seeding artificial grasses is comprehensively considered, and the paraquat harvest in spring can inhibit the growth of the pastures of the Tribulus terrestris, and can harvest excellent grasses to create economic benefits.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for building, preventing and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grasslands is characterized in that grass planting beans are built and mixed sowing is carried out in a region to be treated where the tribulus terrestris occurs, and then standing-up grass harvesting is carried out, so that the treatment of the tribulus terrestris is realized.
2. The method for constructing, controlling and preventing tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grasslands as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leguminous forage grass seeds and the gramineous forage grass seeds are mixed in autumn, sowing is carried out between the ridges of the cultivated land in which the tribulus terrestris grows, and then the tribulus terrestris is harvested in successive spring from the next year, so that the management of the tribulus terrestris is realized.
3. The method for building, controlling and controlling tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grasslands according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the leguminous forage grass seeds and the gramineous forage grass seeds are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-5:9-5.
4. The method for building, controlling and preventing Tribulus terrestris by using mixed sowing artificial grasslands according to claim 3, wherein the grass seeds of the leguminous plants are one or more of alfalfa, sand-making, sweet clover and two-color lespedeza; grass seeds of gramineous pasture: one or more of herba Oenotherae Erythrosepalae, herba Ipomoeae Dillenii, herba Lespedezae Bicoloris, and herba Lespedezae Cuneatae.
5. The method for building, controlling and preventing Tribulus terrestris by utilizing the artificial grassland mixed sowing as set forth in claim 3, wherein the cultivation area is turned over during the sowing in autumn, and the cultivation depth is 20-25cm; the sowing depth is 2-5cm, and the soil is covered by 1-2cm after sowing.
6. The method for building, controlling and controlling Tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grasslands according to claim 5, wherein the sowing in autumn adopts mechanical drill, the sowing density is 1.5-2 kg/mu, and the row spacing of the mechanical drill sowing is 10-15cm.
7. The method for building, controlling and controlling Tribulus terrestris by utilizing mixed sowing artificial grasslands according to claim 2, wherein the height of the remained stubble is 8-10cm when the paraquat is harvested.
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